CN102263527B - Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic generation system - Google Patents

Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic generation system Download PDF

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CN102263527B
CN102263527B CN201110220547.9A CN201110220547A CN102263527B CN 102263527 B CN102263527 B CN 102263527B CN 201110220547 A CN201110220547 A CN 201110220547A CN 102263527 B CN102263527 B CN 102263527B
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于宁
田英
吴银锋
万江文
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪方法，包括：采样光伏电池开路电压Voc，选取包含最大功率点的区间[m1Voc，m2Voc]，获取迭代次数n；获取电压区间中点值，获取P(k)、P(k+1)的功率，判断P(k)与P(k+1)的大小，若P(k)＞P(k+1)，更换迭代区间，新的迭代区间的右端点变为V(k+1)，左端点保持不变。若P(k)＜P(k+1)，新的迭代区间的左端点变为V(k)，右端点保持不变，判断是否达到迭代次数n，若没有，根据步骤四得到的新的迭代区间，继续跟踪最大功率；若达到迭代次数n，获取得出最大功率Pm。本发明所述方法动态响应速度快，能准确地跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点，减少了系统在最大功率点振荡的能量损失，提高了光伏电池的输出效率。

The invention discloses a method for tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: sampling the open circuit voltage V oc of a photovoltaic cell, selecting an interval [m 1 V oc , m 2 V oc ] including the maximum power point, and obtaining the number of iterations n; obtaining The midpoint value of the voltage interval, obtain the power of P(k) and P(k+1), judge the size of P(k) and P(k+1), if P(k)>P(k+1), replace In the iteration interval, the right endpoint of the new iteration interval becomes V(k+1), and the left endpoint remains unchanged. If P(k)<P(k+1), the left end point of the new iteration interval becomes V(k), and the right end point remains unchanged, and it is judged whether the number of iterations n has been reached, if not, the new value obtained in step 4 In the iteration interval, continue to track the maximum power; if the number of iterations n is reached, obtain the maximum power P m . The method of the invention has fast dynamic response speed, can accurately track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array, reduces the energy loss of the system oscillating at the maximum power point, and improves the output efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

Description

A kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking, belong to photovoltaic power generation technology field.
Background technology
The output voltage of photovoltaic cell and output current change along with the variation of the factors such as intensity of illumination, battery temperature and load, and the position of Maximum Power Output is unfixed.Under given conditions, photovoltaic cell output nonlinear and have unique maximum power point.
Conventional maximum power point tracing method has constant voltage process (CV), disturbance observation (P & O), increment conductance method (INC), fuzzy control etc., also has some improving one's methods based on practical problem.That constant voltage process is controlled is simple, be easy to realize, but bad adaptability, precision are low.Disturbance observation is controlled simple, convenient realization, in step-length hour, but precision is high, to shake little tracking velocity too slow; When step-length is larger, tracking velocity is fast, has but reduced precision, adds according to system concussion.It is better that increment conductance method is controlled effect, but control algolithm is complicated, to system accuracy, require high.Fuzzy control flexibly, comprehensive, compatibility is good, but causes system control precision to reduce and dynamic property decline.
Summary of the invention
To the object of the invention is in order addressing the above problem, to propose a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking, can follow the trail of fast the maximum power point of photovoltaic cell, and system is shaken the energy loss of bringing near maximum power point while reducing stable state.
A maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: sampling photovoltaic battery open circuit voltage V oc, the voltage V while exporting according to maximum power point mwith open circuit voltage V ocmeet V m=mV oc, choose the interval [m that comprises maximum power point 1v oc, m 2v oc] as between initial iterative region, wherein: V ocfor open circuit voltage; V mvoltage while exporting for maximum power point; M, m 1, m 2constant coefficients, span: 0≤m 1< m < m 2≤ 1.
Step 2: according to formula
Figure BDA0000080483600000011
calculate iterations n.Wherein: n is iterations; T is search precision, is more than or equal to the minimum precision that system allows.
Step 3: represent a=m when initial between iterative region with [a, b] 1v oc, b=m 2v oc.K is iterations, meets 0≤k≤n.According to formula
Figure BDA0000080483600000012
obtain the mid point between the k time iterative region, measuring distance mid point V z(k) charging current of left and right sides ε electrical voltage point.Be V l(k)=V z(k)-ε and V r(k)=V z(k) the charging current I that+ε is ordered l(k), I r(k) value, according to formula P=V*I, calculates respectively this power P of 2 l(k), P r(k).
Wherein: V z(k) be the k time iteration voltage range midrange; ε is greater than zero real number; V l(k) be mid point V between distance regions z(k) magnitude of voltage of left side ε; V r(k) be interval mid point V z(k) magnitude of voltage of right side ε; I l(k) be V l(k) electrical voltage point is corresponding charging current value, I r(k) be V r(k) charging current value corresponding to electrical voltage point; P l(k), P r(k) be respectively electrical voltage point V l(k), V r(k) corresponding performance number.
Step 4: judgement P land P (k) r(k) size, if P l(k) > P r(k), change between iterative region, between new iterative region, a remains unchanged, by V r(k) assignment, to b, becomes a=a, b=V r(k); Otherwise, between new iterative region by V l(k) assignment is to a, and b remains unchanged.Become a=V l(k), b=b.
Step 5: judge whether k reaches iterations n, if do not have, returns to step 3, carries out new round iteration; If reach iterations n, choose mid point between final iterative region as maximum power electrical voltage point V m, measure corresponding charging current I m, according to formula P=V*I, calculate maximum power P m.
The invention has the advantages that:
The method of the invention rapid dynamic response speed, the maximum power point of tracking photovoltaic array, has reduced the energy loss of system in maximum power point vibration exactly, has improved the delivery efficiency of photovoltaic cell.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking, and flow process as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: sampling photovoltaic battery open circuit voltage V oc, the voltage V while exporting according to maximum power point mwith open circuit voltage V ocmeet V m=mV oc, choose the interval [m that comprises maximum power point 1v oc, m 2v oc] as between initial iterative region, wherein: V ocfor open circuit voltage; V mvoltage while exporting for maximum power point; M, m 1, m 2constant coefficients, span: 0≤m 1< m < m 2≤ 1.
Step 2: according to formula
Figure BDA0000080483600000021
calculate iterations n.Wherein: n is iterations; T is search precision, is more than or equal to the minimum precision that system allows.
Step 3: represent a=m when initial between iterative region with [a, b] 1v oc, b=m 2v oc.K is iterations, meets 0≤k≤n.According to formula
Figure BDA0000080483600000022
obtain the mid point between the k time iterative region, measuring distance mid point V z(k) charging current of left and right sides ε electrical voltage point.Be V l(k)=V z(k)-ε and V r(k)=V z(k) the charging current I that+ε is ordered l(k), I r(k) value, according to formula P=V*I, calculates respectively this power P of 2 l(k), P r(k).
Wherein: V z(k) be the k time iteration voltage range midrange; ε is greater than zero real number; V l(k) be mid point V between distance regions z(k) magnitude of voltage of left side ε; V r(k) be interval mid point V z(k) magnitude of voltage of right side ε; I l(k) be V l(k) electrical voltage point is corresponding charging current value, I r(k) be V r(k) charging current value corresponding to electrical voltage point; P l(k), P r(k) be respectively electrical voltage point V r(k), V r(k) corresponding performance number.
Step 4: judgement P land P (k) r(k) size, if P l(k) > P r(k), change between iterative region, between new iterative region, a remains unchanged, by V r(k) assignment, to b, becomes a=a, b=V r(k); Otherwise, between new iterative region by V l(k) assignment is to a, and b remains unchanged.Become a=V l(k), b=b.
Step 5: judge whether k reaches iterations n, if do not have, returns to step 3, carries out new round iteration; If reach iterations n, choose mid point between final iterative region as maximum power electrical voltage point V m, measure corresponding charging current I m, according to formula P=V*I, calculate maximum power P m.
Embodiment: the present invention chooses m 1be 0.6, m 2be 0.9,, maximum power point voltage is at interval [0.6V oc, 0.9V oc] in.As shown in Figure 2, interval midrange is choose ε=0.01, near midrange, left side magnitude of voltage is 0.75V oc-0.01, right side magnitude of voltage is 0.75V oc+ 0.01.If V ocget 21.75V, between interval [13.05V, 19.575V] original area as search.Choose error t=0.1, obtain iterations:
n ln ( 0.5 ) = ln ( 0.1 19.575 - 13.05 )
n＝7
Iterations is 1 o'clock, interval mid point V z=16.3125V, so disturbance voltage V 1=16.3025V, V 2=16.3225V.Judgement P (V 1) and P (V 2) magnitude relationship, if P (V 1) > P (V 2), interval becomes
Figure BDA0000080483600000033
if P is (V 1) < P (V 2), interval becomes [16.3025V, 19.575V].Between Zai Yi new district, between iterative region, repeat above step, until iterations arrives 7, meet required precision.
The present invention follows the tracks of that number of times is few, speed is fast, steady-state behaviour system improves, and has improved the utilization ratio of photovoltaic cell.

Claims (1)

1.一种光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A photovoltaic power generation system maximum power point tracking method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤一：采样光伏电池开路电压Voc，根据最大功率点输出时的电压Vm与开路电压Voc满足Vm＝mVoc，选取包含最大功率点的区间[m1Voc,m2Voc]作为初始的迭代区间，其中：Voc为开路电压；Vm为最大功率点输出时的电压；m，m1，m2分别为恒定系数，取值范围：0≤m1＜m＜m2≤1；Step 1: Sampling the open circuit voltage V oc of the photovoltaic cell, according to the voltage V m at the output of the maximum power point and the open circuit voltage V oc satisfying V m = mV oc , select the interval including the maximum power point [m 1 V oc ,m 2 V oc ] as the initial iteration interval, where: V oc is the open circuit voltage; V m is the voltage at the maximum power point output; m, m 1 , m 2 are constant coefficients, and the value range: 0≤m 1 <m<m 2 ≤ 1; 步骤二：根据公式
Figure FDA0000371891700000011
计算迭代次数n；其中：n为迭代次数；t为搜索精度，大于等于系统允许的最小精度；Step 2: According to the formula
Figure FDA0000371891700000011
Calculate the number of iterations n; where: n is the number of iterations; t is the search precision, which is greater than or equal to the minimum precision allowed by the system; 步骤三：迭代区间用[a,b]来表示，初始时a＝m1Voc,b＝m2Voc；k为迭代次数，满足0≤k≤n;根据公式获得第k次迭代区间的中点，测量距离中点Vz(k)左右两侧ε电压点的充电电流；即VL(k)＝Vz(k)-ε和VR(k)＝Vz(k)+ε点的充电电流IL(k)、IR(k)的值，根据公式P＝V*I，分别计算这两点的功率PL(k)、PR(k)；Step 3: The iteration interval is represented by [a, b], initially a=m 1 V oc , b=m 2 V oc ; k is the number of iterations, satisfying 0≤k≤n; according to the formula Obtain the midpoint of the kth iteration interval, and measure the charging current at the ε voltage points on the left and right sides of the midpoint V z (k); that is, V L (k)=V z (k)-ε and VR (k)= According to the value of charging current I L (k) and I R (k) at point V z (k)+ε, according to the formula P=V*I, calculate the power P L (k) and P R (k) of these two points respectively ); 其中：Vz(k)为第k次迭代电压区间中点值；ε为大于零的实数；VL(k)为距离区间中点Vz(k)左侧ε的电压值；VR(k)为区间中点Vz(k)右侧ε的电压值；IL(k)为VL(k)电压点对应的充电电流值、IR(k)为VR(k)电压点对应的充电电流值；PL(k)、PR(k)分别为电压点VL(k)、VR(k)对应的功率值；Among them: V z (k) is the midpoint value of the k-th iteration voltage interval; ε is a real number greater than zero; V L (k) is the voltage value of ε on the left side of V z (k) from the midpoint of the interval; VR ( k) is the voltage value of ε on the right side of V z (k) in the middle of the interval; IL (k) is the charging current value corresponding to the voltage point of V L (k), I R (k) is the voltage point of V R (k) Corresponding charging current value; P L (k) and P R (k) are the power values corresponding to voltage points V L (k) and VR (k) respectively; 步骤四：判断PL(k)与PR(k)的大小，若PL(k)＞PR(k)，更换迭代区间，新的迭代区间a保持不变，将VR(k)赋值给b，即变为a＝a，b＝VR(k)；否则，新的迭代区间将VL(k)赋值给a，b保持不变，即变为a＝VL(k)，b＝b；Step 4: Judging the size of PL (k) and PR (k), if PL (k)> PR (k), replace the iteration interval, the new iteration interval a remains unchanged, and set VR (k) Assign value to b, that is, a=a, b=V R (k); otherwise, assign V L (k) to a in the new iteration interval, and keep b unchanged, that is, a=V L (k) , b=b; 步骤五：判断k是否达到迭代次数n，若没有，返回步骤三，进行新一轮迭代；若达到迭代次数n，选取最终迭代区间的中点作为最大功率电压点Vm，测量出对应的充电电流Im，根据公式P＝V*I计算出最大功率Pm。Step 5: Determine whether k has reached the number of iterations n, if not, return to step 3, and perform a new round of iterations; if it reaches the number of iterations n, select the midpoint of the final iteration interval as the maximum power voltage point V m , and measure the corresponding charging For the current I m , the maximum power P m is calculated according to the formula P=V*I.
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CN102778915B (en) * 2011-12-26 2014-07-23 洛阳理工学院 Self-adaptive MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) method for solar energy with three stages of sectional temperature fed back based on final power
CN103365333B (en) * 2012-03-31 2014-12-03 阳光电源股份有限公司 MPPT (maximum power point tracking) scanning method for photovoltaic arrays
CN103455080A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-12-18 深圳信息职业技术学院 Method and device for photovoltaic cell power tracking
CN103105884B (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-06-25 重庆大学 Photovoltaic power generation system maximum power point tracing system and method
CN105159389B (en) * 2015-09-14 2016-09-21 潍坊学院 A kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic array tracking successively decreased based on interval
CN105334901B (en) * 2015-11-20 2016-10-05 国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院 An Intelligent Tracking Method for Maximum Power Point of Photovoltaic Power Generation System
CN105913161B (en) * 2016-05-18 2019-06-28 安徽大学 A kind of acquisition methods of the photovoltaic system maximum power point based on multiple-objection optimization
CN106527570B (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-15 湘潭大学 A kind of photovoltaic array multimodal maximum power group hunting optimizes tracking
CN106846436B (en) * 2017-02-21 2020-09-04 中国计量大学 Method for dividing multi-peak P-U curve of series photovoltaic module into regions
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