CN102262910B - 一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于放射性废物水泥固化技术领域的一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法。该方法首先将硫铝酸盐水泥、沸石、矿渣、硅粉、粉煤灰、UNF-5减水剂混合均匀,制成混合物料;然后将混合物料、放射性废树脂和水在搅拌机中搅拌,制成浆料;将浆料转移至模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护。使用本发明可以使固化过程中浆料具有合适的流动度,废物固化体的抗压强度和核素浸出率满足国家标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于放射性废物水泥固化技术领域,具体涉及一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法。
背景技术
核设施在运行、检修及废液处理过程中产生大量放射性离子交换树脂。废树脂中含有大量水分,具有弥散性,辐解或热解时会产生燃爆性气体,必须以合适的方式固化,以便于贮存、运输和处置。水泥固化技术因固化体性能稳定、设备简单、易于操作、成本较低的优势,广泛应用于中、低放废物的固化。目前核电站实际使用的放射性废树脂水泥固化配方存在包容量低、固化体核素浸出率高等不足。
硫铝酸盐水泥的主要熟料矿物是无水硫铝酸钙(3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4),硫铝酸盐水泥具有早强、高强、抗冻、抗渗、耐腐蚀等优点,可以作为固化放射性废物的主要材料。为了在固化过程中保证必需的操作性以及使固化体获得良好的机械性能和抗浸出性能,水泥固化配方中也可以掺加一种(单掺)或几种(双掺或复掺)矿物混合材,如沸石粉、矿渣粉、硅灰、粉煤灰、膨润土、高岭土等。各种矿物混合材的掺加可以改善水泥固化体中核素的抗浸出性能,降低水泥水化热,沸石可以提高混合浆料的保水性,矿渣、硅灰、粉煤灰等可以在一定程度上提高固化体抗压强度。使用硫铝酸盐水泥并掺加沸石固化废树脂,体积包容量可达40%以上。在硅酸盐水泥中掺加丝光沸石水泥固化废液,固化体强度、铀浸出率均满足国家标准。利用硅酸盐水泥,双掺矿渣、硅灰可以有效固化含Cd2+和Na+的低放废液,双掺硅灰、沸石可固化阳树脂。使用硅铝酸钙化合物,掺加火山灰、页岩灰、炉渣、硅灰、硅藻土、膨润土、沸石、高岭土中的一种或几种,可以在液固比0.5~0.8之间固化放射性废液。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法。
一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥、沸石、矿渣、硅粉、粉煤灰、UNF-5减水剂混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、放射性废树脂和水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%。
所述放射性废树脂、硫铝酸盐水泥、沸石、矿渣、硅粉、粉煤灰、UNF-5减水剂与水的用量比例为:(0.9~1.1)L∶(1240~1580)g∶(65~185)g∶(180~200)g∶(150~200)g∶(60~150)g∶(2~6)g∶(100~150)ml。
本发明的有益效果:本发明使用硫铝酸盐水泥并掺加沸石固化废树脂,体积包容量可达40%以上,固化体核素浸出率低。本发明的方法操作简单,成本低,所得固化体抗压强度较高、浆料流动度适当。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
采用混合树脂为模拟放射性废树脂,混合树脂中阴阳树脂的体积比为3∶2。使用硫铝酸盐水泥作为主要基材,复合掺加一定比例的沸石、矿渣、硅粉和粉煤灰,固化混合树脂。
实施例1
硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥1440g、沸石100g、矿渣200g、硅粉180g、粉煤灰80g、UNF-5减水剂2g混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、1L混合树脂和125mL水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%。
测定固化体7d抗压强度为13.1MPa。
实施例2
硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥1470g、沸石100g、矿渣200g、硅粉170g、粉煤灰60g、UNF-5减水剂2.4g混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、1L混合树脂和110mL水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;在水泥胶砂流动度测定仪台面中央放置流动度试模,将在搅拌机中拌好的浆料分两层迅速装入流动度试模,测定浆料的流动度;
(3)将在搅拌机中拌好的浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%。
测定固化体7d抗压强度为12.6MPa。浆料的流动度为216mm。
实施例3
硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥1440g、沸石100g、矿渣200g、硅粉180g、粉煤灰80g、UNF-5减水剂2g混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、1L含4g Cs+的混合树脂和125mL水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护28d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%,然后进行核素浸出试验,浸出剂为1.5L去离子水,温度为25℃,分别在第1、3、7、10、14、21、28、35和42天时取样并更换新的浸出剂。
Cs+在第42天的浸出率和累积浸出分数分别为8.4×10-7cm/d和7.1×10-5cm。
实施例4
硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥1240g、沸石65g、矿渣180g、硅粉150g、粉煤灰150g、UNF-5减水剂2g混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、0.9L混合树脂和100mL水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%。
测定固化体7d抗压强度为12.1MPa。
实施例5
硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥1580g、沸石185g、矿渣190g、硅粉200g、粉煤灰100g、UNF-5减水剂6g混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、1.1L混合树脂和150mL水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%。
测定固化体7d抗压强度为12.9MPa。
Claims (1)
1.一种硫铝酸盐水泥复掺混合材固化放射性废树脂的方法,其特征在于,按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将硫铝酸盐水泥、沸石、矿渣、硅粉、粉煤灰、UNF-5减水剂混合均匀,制成混合物料;
(2)将混合物料、放射性废树脂和水在搅拌机中搅拌3min,制成浆料;
(3)将浆料转移至Φ50mm×50mm的模具内,抹平后放入养护箱内养护7d,养护温度为25±5℃,相对湿度≥90%;
所述放射性树脂、硫铝酸盐水泥、沸石、矿渣、硅粉、粉煤灰、UNF-5减水剂与水的用量比例为:(0.9~1.1)L:(1240~1580)g:(65~185)g:(180~200)g:(150~200)g:(60~150)g:(2~6)g:(100~150)ml。
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