CN102260578A - 一种电机油组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电机油组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102260578A
CN102260578A CN2010101892879A CN201010189287A CN102260578A CN 102260578 A CN102260578 A CN 102260578A CN 2010101892879 A CN2010101892879 A CN 2010101892879A CN 201010189287 A CN201010189287 A CN 201010189287A CN 102260578 A CN102260578 A CN 102260578A
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oil composition
dynamo oil
dynamo
composition according
content
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宫清
杨杰
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2010101892879A priority Critical patent/CN102260578A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/074331 priority patent/WO2011147277A1/en
Publication of CN102260578A publication Critical patent/CN102260578A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电机油组合物，含有粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂；所述游离基终止剂选自2，6-二叔丁基酚、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、二烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、2，6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基对甲酚中的一种或多种；所述游离基终止剂占电机油组合物总质量的0.04-5.9％。本发明的电机油组合物在保持润滑性和极压抗磨性较好的前提下，具有优异的绝缘性。

Description

一种电机油组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机油组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着电动汽车和混合动力汽车的发展，对电动机油和变速箱油的需求日益增加。对于电动汽车或混合动力汽车领域，技术人员希望能够开发一种通用的新型油组合物，既具有变速箱油的润滑性，同时具有电动机油的绝缘性和冷却性，从而可以将变速箱与电动机组装在一起，达到汽车小型轻量化的目的。
但是现有技术中，变速箱油和电动机油由于作用不同，所含有的组分不同，使得变速箱油与电机油的性能存在矛盾。例如，为降低油泥的产生，防止变速箱油变质，一般会在传统变速箱油中加入各种添加剂，使具备良好的热氧化安定性、抗磨性能、清净分散性。但是在基础油中加入添加剂后，会大幅度降低变速箱油的电阻率，绝缘性较差。而电动机油仅要求具备良好的绝缘性、冷却性，几乎不含其它添加剂，因此润滑和抗磨性能较差，无法保障轴承、齿轮的正常润滑。
CN101298576A公开了一种齿轮润滑油添加剂组合物，包括一定量的矿物油1-20wt％、含硫极压添加剂76-95％wt％、含磷抗磨添加剂1-15wt％、防锈添加剂1-10wt％、摩擦改进剂0.1-5wt％和金属钝化剂0.1-5wt％。将该齿轮润滑油添加剂组合物按3.8-4.5wt％加入到基础油中，可制备GB 13895-92(API GL-5)规格指标的车辆齿轮油，按0.6-1.2wt％加入到基础油中，可制备GB5903-95规格指标的工业齿轮油。采用该齿轮润滑添加剂组合物制备的齿轮油，虽然具备较好的润滑性能，但是不能用作电机油，其绝缘性较差。
发明内容
本发明解决了现有技术中电机油和润滑油的性能存在矛盾的技术问题。
本发明提供了一种电机油组合物，含有粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂；所述游离基终止剂选自2，6-二叔丁基酚、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、二烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、2，6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基对甲酚中的一种或多种；所述游离基终止剂占电机油组合物总质量的0.04-5.9％。
本发明还提供了一种电机油组合物的制备方法，包括将粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂60-70℃下粘度调和60-90min。
本发明的电机油组合物，在润滑油的基础上，添加一定量的本发明的游离基终止剂，与润滑油中的其它添加剂具有协同效应，从而使得本发明的电机油组合物在保持极压抗磨性较好的前提下，具有优异的绝缘性。从实施例的测试结果可以看出，本发明的电机油组合物：FZG齿轮磨损试验通过10级，四球机试验PB值达到1302N，PD值达到1609N，Timken OK通过负荷达133N，绝缘性：电机绕组电阻为达到4533MΩ。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种电机油组合物，含有粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂；所述游离基终止剂选自4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、二烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、2，6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基对甲酚中的一种或多种；所述游离基终止剂占电机油组合物总质量的0.04-5.9％。
本发明的发明人通过大量实验发现，在润滑油中加入本发明选择的游离基终止剂：4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、二烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、2，6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基对甲酚中的一种或多种，并对游离基终止剂的含量进行适当选择，使游离基终止剂占电机油组合物总质量的0.04-5.9％，通过该特定种类特定含量的游离基终止剂与润滑油中其它添加剂发生协同增效效应，使得本发明的电机油组合物在保持润滑性和抗磨性较好的前提下，同时具有优异绝缘性和冷却性。
优选情况下，为了提高电机油组合物的氧化安定性，所述游离基终止剂采用4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)和苯基-α-萘胺的混合物。更优选情况下，所述电机油组合物中，4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)的含量为0.03-2.4wt％，苯基-α-萘胺的含量为0.01-3.5wt％。
本发明中，以电机油组合物的质量为基准，粘度调和基础油的含量为72-96％，过氧化物分解剂的含量为0.2-5.0％，摩擦改进剂的含量为0.05-4.5％，极压抗磨剂的含量为1.9-9.3％，金属减活剂的含量为0.02-0.5％，分散剂的含量为1.2-4.5％。优选情况下，粘度调和基础油的含量为72-96％，过氧化物分解剂的含量为0.3-1.2％，摩擦改进剂的含量为0.1-2.5％，极压抗磨剂的含量为1.9-4.3％，金属减活剂的含量为0.2-0.5％，分散剂的含量为2.5-4.0％。
本发明中，所述粘度调和基础油为深度精制的高粘指数基础油或合成基础油、含或不含增粘剂、降凝剂以及消泡剂，其粘度等级根据具体调和要求满足各种调和粘度等级标准，例如SAE 75W标准或Dexron-VI标准。所述的基础油为本领域公知的各种基础油，如韩国SK生产的Yubase3、Yubase 6，壳牌石油生产的合成基础油PAO 6等。
所述过氧化物分解剂可以为本领域公知的用于分解过氧化物，减弱分支反应，防止电机油组合物激烈氧化的各种过氧化物分解剂，例如可以选自硫化萜烯、二烷基单硫化物、硫化烯烃、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌中的任意一种或几种。本发明中，所述过氧化物分解剂优选采用二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌。更优选情况下，所述电机油组合物中，二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌的含量为0.2-5.0wt％。
所述摩擦改进剂用于能降低摩擦系数，例如可以选自硬脂酸辛酯、油酸丁酯、油酸乙二醇酯、十六烷胺、苯三唑十八胺盐中的任意一种或几种。本发明中，所述摩擦改进剂优选采用硬脂酸辛酯和苯三唑十八胺盐的混合物。进一步地，所述摩擦改进剂中硬脂酸辛酯与苯三唑十八胺盐的质量比为12-40∶1。更进一步地，所述电机油组合物中，硬脂酸辛酯的含量为0.02-2.4wt％，苯三唑十八胺盐的含量为0.03-1.0wt％。
所述极压抗磨剂用于防止金属表面承受负荷后由于滑动而产生表面磨损。本发明中，所述极压抗磨剂可以选自硫化异丁烯、多硫化物、二硫化二苄、磺原酸酯、磷酸三甲酚酯、亚磷酸二丁酯、异辛基酸性磷酸酯十八胺盐、硫代磷酸三苯酯、硫代磷酸酯、磷酸芳胺、丁三苯基硫代磷酸酯、硼酸钾中的一种或多种。优选情况下，所述极压抗磨剂采用亚磷酸二丁酯与硫化异丁烯的混合物。进一步地，所述极压抗磨剂中亚磷酸二丁酯与硫化异丁烯的质量比为1-10∶1。更进一步地，所述电机油组合物中，亚磷酸二丁酯的含量为1.6-5.8％，硫化异丁烯的含量为0.3-3.5wt％。
所述分散剂为本领域技术人员常用的各种用于改善电机油组合物的增溶、分散性的组分，例如选自单聚丁二酰亚胺、双聚丁二酰亚胺、多聚丁二酰亚胺、丁二酸酯、硼化丁二酰亚胺、无灰膦酸酯、苄胺中一种或多种。本发明中，所述分散剂优选采用硼化丁二酰亚胺；更优选情况下，所述电机油组合物中，硼化丁二酰亚胺的含量为1.2-4.5wt％。
所述金属减活剂选自苯并三氮唑、噻二唑衍生物、氮杂环丁二酸酐、1，4-二羰基蒽醌中的一种或多种，用于避免金属离子催化电机油组合物的自身氧化。本发明中，所述金属减活剂优选采用苯并三氮唑；更优选情况下，所述电机油组合物中，苯并三氮唑的含量为0.02-0.5wt％。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，所述游离基终止剂采用4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)和苯基-α-萘胺的混合物，所述过氧化物分解剂采用二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌，所述电机油组合物的诱导期(155℃)可长达55小时，抗氧化能力较强。更优选情况下，摩擦改进剂采用硬脂酸辛酯和苯三唑十八胺盐按质量比为12-40∶1的混合物，极压抗磨剂采用亚磷酸二丁酯与硫化异丁烯按质量比为1-10∶1的混合物时，所述电机油组合物的极压抗磨性能达到最好，从实施例2的测试结果可以看出：四球机试验PB值达到2197N，PD值达到2550N，Timken OK通过负荷达222N。
本发明提供的电机油组合物，不仅具有较好的润滑性和抗磨性，其绝缘性能也较好。将本发明的电机油组合物填装在双模电动汽车电机中，采用GB/T18488.1公开的方法测得其电机绕组的电阻为9999MΩ。
本发明还提供了所述电机油组合物的一种制备方法，包括将粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂60-70℃下粘度调和60-90min即可。所述粘度调和方法可以为本领域常用的方法，如直接搅拌进行调和或者采用气动脉冲进行调和。
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，实施例及对比例中所采用的原料均通过商购得到。
实施例1
首先配制897重量份的满足齿轮油SAE 75W标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入7重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、3重量份的苯基-α-萘胺、5重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、20重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、1重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、6重量份的硫化异丁烯、28重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、30重量份的硼化丁二酰亚胺，3重量份的苯并三氮唑，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A1。
实施例2
首先配制901重量份的满足Dexron-VI标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入5重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、4重量份的苯基-α-萘胺、6重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、24重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、2重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、5重量份的硫化异丁烯、20重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、30重量份的硼化丁二酰亚胺，3重量份的苯并三氮唑，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A2。
实施例3
首先配制897重量份的满足齿轮油SAE 75W标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入10重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、5重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、18重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、1重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、6重量份的硫化异丁烯、30重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、30重量份的硼化丁二酰亚胺，3重量份的苯并三氮唑，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A3。
实施例4
首先配制897重量份的满足齿轮油SAE 75W标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入7重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、3重量份的苯基-α-萘胺、5重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、15重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、4重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、6重量份的硫化异丁烯、30重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、30重量份的硼化丁二酰亚胺，3重量份的苯并三氮唑，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A4。
实施例5
首先配制897重量份的满足齿轮油SAE 75W标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入7重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、3重量份的苯基-α-萘胺、5重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、20重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、1重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、18重量份的硫化异丁烯、16重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、30重量份的硼化丁二酰亚胺，3重量份的苯并三氮唑，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A5。
实施例6
首先配制901重量份的满足Dexron-VI标准的粘度调和基础油，加温75℃搅拌70分钟，然后在此基础油中加入5重量份的4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、4重量份的苯基-α-萘胺、6重量份的二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、24重量份的硬脂酸辛酯、2重量份的苯三唑十八胺盐、5重量份的硫化异丁烯、20重量份的亚磷酸二丁酯、28重量份的苄胺，5重量份的1，4-二羰基蒽醌，继续在65℃条件下搅拌90min，得到本实施例的电机油组合物，记为A6。
对比例1
采用CN101298576A实施例1公开的添加剂组合物(I)，将添加剂组合物(I)以4.5wt％加入75W/90基础油中，得到本对比例的组合油，记为D1。
性能测试：
将实施例1-6和对比例1制得的电机油组合物A1-A6和D1分别进行如下测试，测试结果如表1所示：
(1)采用GB/T 5096公开的方法测试A1-A6和D1对铜片的腐蚀级别；
(2)采用SH/T 0306公开的方法测试A1-A6和D1对FZG齿轮的通过级别；
(3)采用GB/T 3142公开的四球机试验测试A1-A6和D1的PB和PD值；
(4)采用GB/T 11144公开的方法测试A1-A6和D1的Timken通过负荷值；
(5)采用GB/T2951.9公开的方法测试A1-A6和D1的氧化诱导期(155℃)；
(6)采用GB/T 18488.1公开的方法测试A1-A6和D1的电机绕组电阻。
表1
Figure GSA00000125013800081
从上表1的测试结果可以看出，本发明的电机油组合物A1-A6的各种性能明显优于D1的测试结果，说明本发明的电机油组合物在保持润滑性和极压抗磨性较好的前提下，具有良好的绝缘性；尤其A2在极压抗磨性能方面的各项指标准接近于D1的同时，氧化诱导期明显高于D1，说明本发明的电机油组合物具有良好的高温抗氧性，其电机绕组电阻均大于9999MΩ，说明其具有优异的绝缘性能。
A1-A2采用本发明优选的实施方式，A1-A2与A3-A5的结果比较可以看出，所述电机油组合物中各组分的种类及含量在本发明优选的范围内时，电机油组合物各组分的协同效应增强，使得电机油组合物的各种性能更优，例如：FZG齿轮试验通过9级，四球机试验PB值≥1834N，PD值≥2089N，Timken负荷≥193N，具有良好的极压抗磨性能，能满足普通车辆变速的负荷。

Claims (11)

1.一种电机油组合物，含有粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂；所述游离基终止剂选自4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)、二烷基二苯胺、苯基-α-萘胺、2，6-二叔丁基-α-二甲氨基对甲酚中的一种或多种；所述游离基终止剂占电机油组合物总质量的0.04-5.9％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，游离基终止剂为4，4-亚甲基双(4-甲基叔丁基酚)和苯基-α-萘胺的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，以电机油组合物的质量为基准，粘度调和基础油的含量为72-96％，过氧化物分解剂的含量为0.2-5.0％，摩擦改进剂的含量为0.05-4.5％，极压抗磨剂的含量为1.9-9.3％，金属减活剂的含量为0.02-0.5％，分散剂的含量为1.2-4.5％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述过氧化物分解剂选自硫化萜烯、二烷基单硫化物、硫化烯烃、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述摩擦改进剂选自硬脂酸辛酯、油酸丁酯、油酸乙二醇酯、十六烷胺、苯三唑十八胺盐中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述摩擦改进剂为硬脂酸辛酯和苯三唑十八胺盐质量比为12-40∶1的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述极压抗磨剂选自硫化异丁烯、多硫化物、二硫化二苄、磺原酸酯、磷酸三甲酚酯、亚磷酸二丁酯、异辛基酸性磷酸酯十八胺盐、硫代磷酸三苯酯、硫代磷酸酯、磷酸芳胺、丁三苯基硫代磷酸酯、硼酸钾中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述极压抗磨剂为亚磷酸二丁酯与硫化异丁烯质量比为1-10∶1的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述金属减活剂选自苯并三氮唑、噻二唑衍生物、氮杂环丁二酸酐、1，4-二羰基蒽醌中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电机油组合物，其特征在于，所述分散剂选自单聚丁二酰亚胺、双聚丁二酰亚胺、多聚丁二酰亚胺、丁二酸酯、硼化丁二酰亚胺、无灰膦酸酯、苄胺中一种或多种。
11.权利要求1所述的电机油组合物的制备方法，包括将粘度调和基础油、过氧化物分解剂、摩擦改进剂、极压抗磨剂、金属减活剂、分散剂和游离基终止剂60-70℃下粘度调和60-90min。
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CN109705959A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-05-03 山东莱克科技有限公司 一种混合动力汽车变速箱专用润滑油
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CN103805312A (zh) * 2012-11-14 2014-05-21 重庆工商大学 一种高效无硫磷多功能润滑添加剂
CN109705959A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-05-03 山东莱克科技有限公司 一种混合动力汽车变速箱专用润滑油
CN111073744A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-04-28 欧陆宝(天津)新材料科技有限公司 一种电动车阻漏电散高温传动齿轮油及其制备方法
CN111100740A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-05-05 欧陆宝(天津)新材料科技有限公司 一种长寿命增效压缩机油组合物及其制备方法
CN111073744B (zh) * 2019-12-24 2023-02-28 欧陆宝(天津)新材料科技有限公司 一种电动车阻漏电散高温传动齿轮油及其制备方法
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