CN102257897B - Water-draining and salt-washing method for saline-alkaline land - Google Patents

Water-draining and salt-washing method for saline-alkaline land Download PDF

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CN102257897B
CN102257897B CN2011101217252A CN201110121725A CN102257897B CN 102257897 B CN102257897 B CN 102257897B CN 2011101217252 A CN2011101217252 A CN 2011101217252A CN 201110121725 A CN201110121725 A CN 201110121725A CN 102257897 B CN102257897 B CN 102257897B
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water
plot
flushing
open drain
furrow
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CN102257897A (en
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王少丽
瞿兴业
管孝艳
胡亚琼
陈皓锐
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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Abstract

The invention discloses a water-draining and salt-washing method for a saline-alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a washed plot, digging a left open trench and a right open trench on two side edges of the washed plot and arranging an irrigating channel in the middle of the washed plot; dividing a left washed plot and a right washed plot into at least two ridged fields with equal widths; irrigating water into the irrigating channel, and by taking directions from the irrigating channel to the open trenches on the two sides as irrigating and washing directions, sequentially irrigating and washing from the ridged field near the irrigating channel to the two sides, wherein each washing time is delta t, and within the delta t, each irrigated ridged field is kept to be covered by a water layer; and draining water containing salts through the left open trench and the right open trench. The infiltration intensity of the whole washed plot is more uniformly distributed, the infiltration intensity of a part of the washed plot which is far away from the open trenches is improved, and the infiltration intensity of a part near the open trenches is reduced, so that the desalination effect of the washed plot is better and more uniform.

Description

The draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land
Technical field
The present invention relates to the regeneration field of harmful salinity contaminated soil, particularly the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land.
Background technology
The draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is the main hydrotechnics measure in heavy saline land in the improvement.The intensity of infiltrating of washing water quantity heals greatly, and salinity is fallen by drip washing more easily, and the soil desalination is faster; Washing water quantity to infiltrate intensity more little, salinity is difficult more to be fallen by drip washing, the soil desalination is slower.The washing water quantity configuration mode of the tradition draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is: under drainage condition, adopt the disposable flood irrigation mode that discharges water in whole plot, make flushing plot entire area cover water layer, by means of descending current drip washing and get rid of the salinity in the soil, with the improvement saline land.Under the gutter drainage condition, the position, open drain is closed in the flushing plot, washing water quantity to infiltrate intensity very high, salinity is very easily flowed away by drip washing, makes that follow-up washing water quantity is salt-free to wash, and does not have the pouring salt action, causes a large amount of wastes of freshwater resources; And away from the position in open drain, the middle part between two open drains particularly, washing water quantity to infiltrate intensity very low, the salt split pole is difficult for being flowed away by drip washing, and left behind.The greatest drawback of the tradition draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is: the desalting effect at flushing each position, plot is extremely inhomogeneous, and water resource utilization efficiency is low, after often flushing finishes, can not get improvement also leaving over some banded saline lands apart from the open drain than the distal part position.In addition, since in the flushing process open drain be rinsed water logging bubble for a long time and very easily caved in by penetration destruction, ditch slope and cause raceway groove to become silted up stifled and reduce drainage effect.
As shown in Figure 1, be in the prior art washing water quantity along the polygram of flushing plot distribution ratio.Abscissa initial point place is the position in open drain, and abscissa is represented the distance between open drain and each furrow piece, and ordinate is represented the distributive law of washing water quantity, promptly with respect to the amount of infiltrating water of total amount.When the width in flushing plot is 100m, in flushing plot scope, be distributed with nearly 80% washing water quantity apart from open drain 2.5-10m; In flushing plot scope, be distributed with nearly 94% washing water quantity apart from open drain 2.5-25m; In flushing plot scope, only be distributed with 6% washing water quantity apart from open drain 25-50m.Hence one can see that, and on the flushing plot near the open drain, the washing water quantity of distribution is a lot; And on flushing plot away from the open drain, the washing water quantity of distribution seldom, it is very low to cause infiltrating intensity and desalting effect.Because washing water quantity is far and near distribute unbalanced in identity distance open drain along ground, must cause the soil desalination of whole flushing plot inhomogeneous.Therefore, reverse this passive situation, just must thoroughly change the washing water quantity configuration mode of the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in the prior art.
As far back as the end of the fifties in last century; Well-known scholar Ke Fuda of the former Soviet Union and A Weili Yang Nuofu have just proposed " flushing should begin from the middle location in drain ditch; desalination is the slowest; must adopt higher leaching requirement, so as to extruding salting liquid with fresh water " and " the maximum method of effect is to carry out directed flushing from the direction apart from the pumping equipment farthest towards pumping equipment " respectively here.Chinese scholar is permitted, and will is female also to propose flush discharge in proper order by the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method of " earlier heavy back is light, promptly washes heavy saline land earlier, then wash light saline land and behind the first upper reaches downstream in the sublateral canal scope " at the beginning of the eighties in last century.These principle recommendations have been established the basis of the advanced theory of washing water quantity reasonable disposition, but but form the technical system that the sacrificial vessel body is implemented as yet, also as yet not theoretically to the in addition analytic demonstration of system of its superiority.
The beginning of this century, the scholar Yong Si of U.S. University of California etc. was from the Theoretical Calculation aspect, analyzed and had inquired into the effect that closed drainage flushing plot washing water quantity reasonable disposition is promoted desalting efficiency, and the method for taking gradual flushing to discharge water is advised.But, its make demonstration and suggestion only limits to the closed drainage condition, and computational methods that do not provide desalination plays a crucial role to soil washing water quantity to infiltrate this important indicator of intensity as yet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solved provides a kind of draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching that improves the saline land, makes the desalting effect in whole flushing plot better more even.
Technical scheme is following:
A kind of draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method of saline land comprises:
Selected flushing plot, dual-side is provided with the channel of pouring water along left open drain of excavation and right open drain in the middle of said flushing plot in said flushing plot;
The flushing plot is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical to the left side between the said left open drain with the said channel of pouring water, and the flushing plot is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical to the right side between the said right open drain with the said channel of pouring water;
Water filling in the said channel of pouring water; Be the flushing direction that discharges water with the said channel of pouring water to the direction in open drain, both sides, from closing on the furrow BOB(beginning of block) of the channel of pouring water, successively to the both sides flushing that discharges water; Each washing time is Δ t, and the furrow piece that in Δ t, respectively discharges water all remains the covering water layer;
The salinity water that contains in the said furrow piece permeates the ground, and infiltrates said left open drain and right open drain is converged, and the salinity water that contains after converging is discharged through said left open drain and right open drain.
Further: the degree of depth in said open drain is confirmed by the needs and the soil condition of control soil salt.
Further: the depth bounds in said open drain is between 1-2m.
Further: the furrow number of blocks that flushing plot, a said left side comprises is identical with the furrow number of blocks that said right flushing plot comprises.
Technique effect is following:
1, the present invention is by disposable all standing water layer; Change into gradation and advance the washing water quantity configuration mode that progressively enlarges water layer to two ditches; It is more even to make whole flushing plot infiltrate intensity distributions; Improved the infiltrate intensity of flushing plot, reduced the intensity of infiltrating, thereby made the desalting effect in whole flushing plot better more even near the position, open drain away from the position, open drain.
2, the present invention can improve the flushing situation significantly under flushing total time identical situation, saves washing water quantity, has avoided a large amount of losses of the light matter water in flushing nearly ditch position, plot, and the conserve water resource is obvious with the effect in improvement saline land.
3, the present invention increased ditch far away place the flushing plot infiltrate intensity, help quickening being difficult for the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect in the plot of desalination.
4, the present invention has dwindled furrow piece area, the corresponding earth moving amount of leveling land of having saved.
5, the present invention carries out the gradation flushing that discharges water, and the edge of ponding band alleviates the water pressure that bear on the ditch slope far from the corresponding increasing of distance in drain ditch, has protected pumping equipment.
6, the present invention's operation implements simple and easy to do, need not increase special-purpose instrument and equipment, can implement with conventional means, is suitable for large tracts of land and promotes.
7, the present invention increases lateral current and carries the ability of salinity towards open drain migration, helps to quicken removing of whole flushing plot salinity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be in the prior art washing water quantity along the polygram of flushing plot distribution ratio;
Fig. 2 is a sketch map of having divided the flushing plot of n furrow piece among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the polygram that the washing water quantity ratio distributes along the plot among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the bar shaped statistical chart of number of times and washing water quantity of discharging water among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is discharge water among the present invention number of times and the bar shaped statistical chart of intensity that infiltrates.
Embodiment
The present invention changes the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mode that traditional disposable gross area covers water layer, uses gradation and discharges water apart from ditch by the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mode that far and closely progressively enlarges the water layer area coverage.
Below with reference to exemplary preferred embodiments and reference drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is done detailed description.
Step 1: selected flushing plot, dual-side is provided with the channel of pouring water along left open drain of excavation and right open drain in the middle of the flushing plot in the flushing plot, and left open drain is flushing plot, a left side with pouring water between the channel, and the plot is washed for the right side between the channel with pouring water in right open drain.
The use of draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching technology is looked the salinization and alkalization in selected flushing plot and is decided, if salinization and alkalization is light, is having under the drainage condition, irrigates through the routine that strengthens quota and can obtain improvement.If in, geavy salt alkalization degree, need excavate two open drains respectively in flushing both sides, plot.
The degree of depth in open drain is generally 1-2m, and it is more shallow that rice does the district, and the dry farming district is dark, is confirmed by the needs and the soil condition of control soil salt.Usually the degree of depth in open drain roughly is equivalent to 1/20～1/50 of spacing, and it is bigger than normal that this ratio rice does the district, and the dry farming district is less than normal.
Step 2: the channel of will pouring water washes the plot to the left side in left open drain and is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical; The right side flushing plot of channel to right open drain is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical with pouring water.
The furrow number of blocks that flushing plot, a left side comprises is identical with the furrow number of blocks that right flushing plot comprises.
Step 3: water filling in the channel of pouring water, to the flushing that discharges water of furrow piece, each washing time is Δ t, the furrow piece that in Δ t, respectively discharges water all remains the covering water layer.
Be the flushing direction that discharges water with the channel of pouring water to the direction in open drain, both sides, from closing on the furrow BOB(beginning of block) of the channel of pouring water, successively to the both sides flushing that discharges water.
At the wash water water source relatively fully under the situation, be the flushing direction that discharges water with the channel of pouring water to the direction in open drain, both sides, from closing on the furrow BOB(beginning of block) of the channel of pouring water, simultaneously to the both sides flushing that discharges water.
Step 4: the salinity water that contains in the furrow piece permeates the ground, and infiltrates the open drain and converge, and the salinity water that contains after converging is discharged through the open drain.
As shown in Figure 2, be the sketch map of having divided the flushing plot of n furrow piece among the present invention.
Step 1: dual-side is provided with the channel 11 of pouring water along left open drain 18 of excavation and right open drain 19 in the middle of the flushing plot in the flushing plot.Open drain 18, a left side is flushing plot, a left side with pouring water between the channel 11, and the plot is washed for the right side between the channel 11 with pouring water in right open drain 19.
Step 2: the plot is washed on a left side be divided into n the furrow piece that width is identical; The plot is washed on the right side be divided into n the furrow piece that width is identical.
Flushing plot, a left side comprises: the first from left furrow piece 12, the second from left furrow piece 14 are to left n furrow piece 16; Right flushing plot comprises: a right furrow piece 13, right two furrow pieces 15 are to right n furrow piece 17.The transverse width of all furrow pieces is Δ L.The width of setting flushing plot, a left side is L, and the width in right flushing plot is L, and the number of times that discharges water is n, wherein Δ L=L/n.The longitudinal length of furrow piece is 30～80m, decides according to vertical ground line gradient size, and the furrow piece that the gradient is big suitably shortens, and softly suitably lengthens.
The furrow number of blocks that flushing plot, a left side comprises is identical with the furrow number of blocks that right flushing plot comprises.
Step 3: water filling in the channel 11 of pouring water, to the flushing that discharges water of furrow piece, each washing time is Δ t, the furrow piece that in Δ t, respectively discharges water all remains the covering water layer.
The flushing total time of setting the flushing plot is t, will wash total time t and Δ t, wherein Δ t=t/n at times such as be divided into.Usually the shortest washing time is about 10 days, the plot of salinity weight and soil water permeability difference, and washing time needs corresponding extending to about 15-30 days.
Under the relatively more sufficient situation in wash water water source:
At first, fresh water is put into a first from left furrow piece 12 and a right furrow piece 13 that closes on the channel of pouring water, formation covers water layer and continues moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing a first from left furrow piece 12 and a right furrow piece 13.
After lasting Δ t; Discharging water is full of the second from left furrow piece 14 of closing on the first from left furrow piece 12 lefts and closes on right-hand right side two furrow pieces 15 of a right furrow piece 13, forms to cover water layer and continue moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing the first from left furrow piece 12, a right furrow piece 13, the second from left furrow piece 14 and right two furrow pieces 15.
So circulation is gone down
After lasting (n-1) Δ t, discharging water is full of left n furrow piece 16 adjacent with left open drain 18 and the right n furrow piece 17 adjacent with right open drain 19, forms to cover water layer and also continue moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing all furrow pieces, promptly washes the plot gross area and covers water layer.
After lasting n Δ t, i.e. behind the experience flushing total time t, the salinity water that contains in the furrow piece further permeates the ground, and infiltrates left open drain 18 then and discharges with right open drain 19, and ground covers water layer and disappears.Accomplish draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process.
Under the inadequate situation in wash water water source:
At first, fresh water is put into the first from left furrow piece 12 that closes on the channel 11 of pouring water, formation covers water layer and continues moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing the first from left furrow piece 12.
After lasting Δ t, discharging water is full of the right side one furrow piece 13 that closes on the channel 11 of pouring water, and formation covers water layer and continues moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing a first from left furrow piece 12 and a right furrow piece 13.
After lasting 2 Δ t, discharging water is full of the second from left furrow piece 14 that closes on the first from left furrow piece 12 lefts, and formation covers water layer and continues moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing the first from left furrow piece 12, a right furrow piece 13 and the second from left furrow piece 14.
After lasting 3 Δ t, discharge water to be full of and close on right-hand right side two furrow pieces 15 of a right furrow piece 13, form and cover water layer and continue moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing the first from left furrow piece 12, a right furrow piece 13, the second from left furrow piece 14 and right two furrow pieces 15.
So circulation is gone down
After lasting (n-2) Δ t, discharging water is full of the left n furrow piece 16 adjacent with left open drain 18, forms to cover water layer and also continue moisturizing and keep the flushing plot of fixing except right n furrow piece 17.
After lasting (n-1) Δ t, discharging water is full of the right n furrow piece 17 adjacent with right open drain 19, forms to cover water layer and also continue moisturizing and keep the water surface of fixing all furrow pieces, promptly washes the plot gross area and covers water layer.
After lasting n Δ t, i.e. behind the experience flushing total time t, the salinity water that contains in the furrow piece further permeates the ground, and infiltrates left open drain 18 then and discharges with right open drain 19, and ground covers water layer and disappears.Accomplish draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process.
Of Fig. 3, be the polygram that the washing water quantity ratio distributes along the plot among the present invention.Abscissa initial point place is the position in open drain, and abscissa is represented the open drain and wash the distance that discharges water between the furrow piece that ordinate is represented the distribution of washing water quantity.When the width in flushing plot is 100m, in flushing plot scope, be distributed with 30% washing water quantity apart from open drain 2.5-10m; In flushing plot scope, be distributed with 57% washing water quantity apart from open drain 2.5-25m; In flushing plot scope, be distributed with 42.5% washing water quantity apart from open drain 25-50m.Hence one can see that, adopt draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method of the present invention after, thoroughly changed the situation of the washing water quantity skewness that once discharges water, washing water quantity has reached average basically distribution along the flushing plot.
As shown in Figure 4, be the bar shaped statistical chart of number of times and washing water quantity of discharging water among the present invention.Abscissa is the number of times that discharges water, and ordinate is the washing water quantity ratio.Under the identical situation of washing time t, when the number of times that discharges water is 1 time, suppose that the washing water quantity of disposable gross area covering water layer draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mode is 100%; When the number of times that discharges water was 2 times, washing water quantity accounted for 69% when discharging water number of times 1, and water-saving rate is 31%; When the number of times that discharges water was 3 times, washing water quantity accounted for 59% when discharging water number of times 1, and water-saving rate is 41%; When the number of times that discharges water was 5 times, washing water quantity accounted for 53% when discharging water number of times 1, and water-saving rate is 47%; When the number of times that discharges water is 7 times, washing water quantity account for the number of times that discharges water be 1 o'clock 51%, water-saving rate is 49%; When the number of times that discharges water is 10 times, washing water quantity account for the number of times that discharges water be 1 o'clock 48%, water-saving rate is 52%; When the number of times that discharges water is 14 times, washing water quantity account for the number of times that discharges water be 1 o'clock 46%, water-saving rate is 54%; When the number of times that discharges water is 19 times, washing water quantity account for the number of times that discharges water be 1 o'clock 45% be that water-saving rate is 55%.Hence one can see that, and when discharging water number of times between 5 to 10 times the time, water-saving rate brings up to 52% from 47%; And when the number of times that discharges water 10 between 19 the time, water-saving rate only brings up to 55% from 52%, the increased frequency that discharges water, and the water-saving rate increasing degree is little.Therefore, the time number limiting that will discharge water is more suitable between 5-10.
As shown in Figure 5, be discharge water among the present invention number of times and the bar shaped statistical chart of intensity that infiltrates.Abscissa is the number of times that discharges water, and ordinate is that the intensity of infiltrating away from the flushing plot at middle part, the plot in drain ditch increases multiple.Under the identical situation of flushing total time t, when the number of times that discharges water was 1 time, the intensity of infiltrating was constant; When the number of times that discharges water was 2 times, the intensity of infiltrating increased 1.8 times when being 1 time for the number of times that discharges water; When the number of times that discharges water was 3 times, the intensity of infiltrating increases infiltrated 3 times of intensity when number of times is 1 time for discharging water; When the number of times that discharges water was 5 times, the intensity of infiltrating increased 3.5 times when being 1 time for the number of times that discharges water; When the number of times that discharges water was 10 times, the intensity of infiltrating increased 4.3 times when being 1 time for the number of times that discharges water; When the number of times that discharges water was 14 times, the intensity of infiltrating increased 4.6 times when being 1 time for the number of times that discharges water; When the number of times that discharges water was 19 times, the intensity of infiltrating increased 5.2 times when being 1 time for the number of times that discharges water.Knowing that thus along with the increased frequency that discharges water, the intensity of infiltrating increases thereupon, is between the 5-10 time at the number of times that discharges water, and the strength ratio of the infiltrating number of times that discharges water is to increase about 3 times at 1 o'clock, and desalination increases obviously.
The present invention has released theoretical calculation formula, confirms that in order to calculate discharge water entering open drain in the process or seepage discharge and the field face of supply of infiltrating from the field of each time infiltrates intensity along the distribution in plot, and carries out analytic demonstration in view of the above.The version of computing formula is following:
Single long seepage discharge q in the process that discharges water for the j time j(m 2/ d) be:
Figure GDA00002037539200081
Wherein, k is the average osmotic coefficient in water-bearing layer, and H is the relative elevation on face water layer surface, field, H dBe the relative elevation of the water surface in the ditch, sh is a hyperbolic sine function, and arth is the atanh function, a jBe the j time process that discharges water, the horizontal range j between both sides, open drain ponding band (j the nearly ditch of furrow piece place) the two edges point is smaller or equal to n, and n is the total degree that discharges water; T is the average thickness in water-bearing layer, and B is for replacing the water surface width in isometric wetted perimeter trapezoidal cross-section open drain with the semicircle cross section diameter.
Tian Mianshui in the process that discharges water for the j time infiltrates intensity
Figure GDA00002037539200082
Wherein, q jBe the j time single long seepage discharge in the process that discharges water, T is the average thickness in water-bearing layer, and th is the hyperbolic tangent function symbol, and x is the horizontal range (m) of the interior arbitrfary point of ponding band far from the center, drain ditch.
B is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA00002037539200083
B wherein oBe the bottom width (m) in trapezoidal open drain, h oBe the depth of water in the ditch (m) that m is the open drain slope coefficient.
The present invention system is to existing traditional washing water quantity configuration mode and the existing drawback of technical application; Proposition overcomes the reasonable solution of its shortcoming; And the condition of imagination also belongs to more satisfactory typical module; The original salt content of soil that is whole flushing plot all is consistent with soil body water penetration, however in the middle of practice some difference therewith often.Therefore; When taking the corresponding water yield to dispose measure, also need carry out corresponding adjustment rationally, as can suitably strengthening the wash water amount to the heavier part of soil salt according to actual conditions; And for the relatively poor part of soil body water penetration; But its flushing discharge time of proper extension then, so that obtain better regulation effect, but the overall employed method of draining douching technique is constant.

Claims (5)

1. the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in a saline land comprises:
Selected flushing plot, dual-side is provided with the channel of pouring water along left open drain of excavation and right open drain in the middle of said flushing plot in said flushing plot;
The flushing plot is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical to the left side between the said left open drain with the said channel of pouring water, and the flushing plot is divided at least two furrow pieces that width is identical to the right side between the said right open drain with the said channel of pouring water;
Water filling in the said channel of pouring water; Be the flushing direction that discharges water with the said channel of pouring water to the direction in open drain, both sides, from closing on the furrow BOB(beginning of block) of the channel of pouring water, successively to the both sides flushing that discharges water; Each washing time is Δ t, and the furrow piece that in Δ t, respectively discharges water all remains the covering water layer;
The salinity water that contains in the said furrow piece permeates the ground, and infiltrates said left open drain and right open drain is converged, and the salinity water that contains after converging is discharged through said left open drain and right open drain.
2. the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the degree of depth in said open drain is confirmed by the needs and the soil condition of control soil salt.
3. the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the depth bounds in said open drain is between 1-2m.
4. the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the furrow number of blocks that flushing plot, a said left side comprises is identical with the furrow number of blocks that said right flushing plot comprises.
5. the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method in saline land as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: when having abundant water resources; Water filling in the said channel of pouring water, according to the said flushing direction that discharges water from the said furrow BOB(beginning of block) that closes on the channel of pouring water, simultaneously to the both sides flushing that discharges water; Each washing time is Δ t, and the furrow piece that in Δ t, respectively discharges water all remains the covering water layer.
CN2011101217252A 2011-05-11 2011-05-11 Water-draining and salt-washing method for saline-alkaline land Expired - Fee Related CN102257897B (en)

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