CN102253183B - Shear-seepage coupling test system for rock cracks under action of confining pressure - Google Patents
Shear-seepage coupling test system for rock cracks under action of confining pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN102253183B CN102253183B CN201110176785.4A CN201110176785A CN102253183B CN 102253183 B CN102253183 B CN 102253183B CN 201110176785 A CN201110176785 A CN 201110176785A CN 102253183 B CN102253183 B CN 102253183B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shear-seepage coupling test system for rock cracks under the action of confining pressure. The shear-seepage coupling test system comprises a shear-seepage coupling test box, an axial loading mechanism, a tangential loading mechanism, a confining pressure loading mechanism, a hydraulic pressure loading mechanism, a servo control mechanism and a visualization system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pilot system under a kind of complex stress condition, relate in particular to a kind of rock fracture shearing-seepage coupling test system under ambient pressure.
Background technology
In the engineerings such as oil mining, water conservancy and hydropower, coal production, traffic side slope, the stability important of underground water to rock mass engineering project.Underground water can change stress and the distortion of rock mass on the one hand, and the geometric properties of rock mass discontinuity and physico-mechanical properties thereof play a decisive role to seepage action of ground water on the other hand.In rock mass, the infiltration of joint fissure and deformation modulus are all much larger than rock basic unit, and therefore, in rock mass, the interaction of all kinds of structural planes and underground water is often directly determining the stable and safety of engineering structure.
Therefore, this area is starved of to be studied the shear-seepage coupled characteristic at joint, and carries out the indoor shear-seepage coupling test of rock joint, is a kind of effectively research means.Gordian technique in rock joint shear seepage coupling test is the realization of test boundary condition, i.e. displacement, load boundaries condition and the boundary condition of seepage flow.In the shear history of rock joint, in the time that upper and lower joint plane produces relative displacement under shearing force effect, by set certain differential water pressures between shear box water inlet and water delivering orifice, it is seepage water pressure, the water of realizing in rock joint flows along specified path, to ensure that current seepage does not occur shear box on Transverse to the flow direction border, therefore must do good sealing to shear box simultaneously.
Due to the restriction of test condition, particularly permeate seal means, the domestic testing equipment about rock joint shear-seepage coupling test also relatively lacks.
In the prior art, " design and the application of novel numerical control rock joint shear seepage tests platform " discloses a kind of rock shearing seepage tests platform, use axial and tangential load maintainer to test the rock sample application of force, but it does not have confined pressure load maintainer, the rock fracture that cannot simulate under confined pressure effect is sheared seepage flow situation, and its sealing shroud is simple in structure, and sealing is poor, stringency of test is not high.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, a kind of new rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system that the present invention proposes, can realize and under complex stress condition, carry out rock fracture permeability test and analysis.In the test specimen normal orientation of joint, testing table has three class controllable boundary conditions: constant normal stress, constant Normal Displacement, constant normal stiffness; Parallel cracks shear direction, can apply shearing force or displacement, seepage pressure.Under three kinds of borders and Load Combination condition, can carry out a series of coupling tests: crack shear test under complex stress condition, crack under complex stress condition (visual) permeability test, crack under complex stress condition (visual) closure stress-infiltration coupling test, shear-infiltration of crack under complex stress condition (visual) coupling test, the shearing seepage flow rheological test of crack under complex stress condition (visual).
The concrete technical scheme of rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system of the present invention is:
A kind of rock fracture shearing-seepage coupling test system under ambient pressure, comprises coupled shear-flow test box, axial load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, servo-control mechanism, visualization system;
Described coupled shear-flow test box is used for placing sample, comprises shear box and down cut box, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket, and down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket; Upper and lower sealing shroud has respectively cavity, by polyurethane prepared material cast compression molding, in the time that upper and lower shear box generation relatively moves, the surface of contact of upper O-ring seal and lower seal can keep compression seal under sliding mode, is provided with inlet opening and vent port on upper seal box; On lower seal box, be provided with apopore;
Described axial load maintainer is for loading axial force to sample, comprise axial loading frame, axial load cylinder and servo oil sources, axially loading frame comprises entablature, sill and column, axially load cylinder is fixed on sill, and axially the piston in load cylinder can apply axial force to the sample in coupled shear-flow test box by servo oil sources;
Described tangential load maintainer is for loading shearing force to sample, comprise tangential loading frame, tangential load cylinder, power sensor, displacement transducer, tangential loading frame is used for carrying tangential load cylinder, and the piston in tangential load cylinder can apply shearing force to the sample in coupled shear-flow test box;
Described confined pressure load maintainer is for loading the confined pressure effect of confined pressure with simulated formation to sample, comprise AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, pressurization water vat, servomotor connects the piston of pressurization water vat by reductor, ball-screw, the plunger shaft of pressurization water vat connects the cavity of upper and lower O-ring seal, the pressure of controlling the cavity of upper and lower O-ring seal by controlling the rotation of servomotor, obtains needed sample confined pressure with this;
Described Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism is for to sample water filling, comprise AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, pressurization water vat, servomotor connects the piston of pressurization water vat by reductor, ball-screw, the plunger shaft of pressurization water vat connects described coupled shear-flow test box, control the hydraulic pressure of described coupled shear-flow test box by controlling the rotation of servomotor, produce the required hydraulic pressure of specimen test and required flow;
Described servo-control mechanism comprises axial control system, Tangents Control system, confined pressure control system, water pressure control system and operating system; Axially control system and tangential pressure control system are to be made up of EDC full Digitized Servo Control device and sensor separately, EDC controller shows and controls after the signal of each sensor is amplified to processing, and compare with the parameter of setting, then adjust the openings of sizes of servo-valve, to reach the desired value of setting; And these data are delivered in computing machine, shown and data processing by computing machine, draw trial curve, print test report; simultaneously Water pressure control system and confined pressure control system comprise that respectively EDC controller directly controls an AC Servo Motor Control device separately, and controller is controlled an AC servo motor separately, and the piston of the water vat that makes to pressurize separately moves; The displacement of hydraulic pressure, confined pressure and piston is converted to electric signal and delivers in EDC controller, shows and controls through amplifying after processing, and these parameters is delivered to simultaneously and in computing machine, is carried out data storage, demonstration, trace and printing test report;
Described visualization system comprises Digital Video and the computing machine being attached thereto, and on described coupled shear-flow test box, is provided with square observation port, and described Digital Video is arranged on the top of observation port.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the front view of rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the side view of rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the front view of coupled shear-flow test box in rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the front elevation of upper sleeve gasket in rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system;
Accompanying drawing 5 is that the A-A of upper sleeve gasket in rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system is to cut-open view;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the operational diagram of visualization system in rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system.
Reference numeral is as follows:
1-coupled shear-flow test box; The axial load maintainer of 2-; The tangential load maintainer of 3-; 4-confined pressure load maintainer; 5-Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism; 6-visualization system; The upper shear box of 7-; 8-down cut box; 9-upper sleeve gasket; 10-lower sleeve gasket; 11-sample; 12-cavity.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system of the present invention is further described in detail.Referring to accompanying drawing 1-2, a kind of rock fracture shearing-seepage coupling test system under ambient pressure, comprises coupled shear-flow test box, axial load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, servo-control mechanism (not shown), visualization system.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, coupled shear-flow test box inside dimension is 200mm(water infiltration direction) × 100mm(permeate width) × 100mm(highly).Seepage flow shear box is made up of upper and lower shear box, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket (referring to accompanying drawing 4-5), and down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket, upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket shape and structure symmetry; Upper and lower sealing shroud has respectively cavity.Sealing shroud is made liquid rubber by elasticity and the moderate polyurethane of hardness, cast compression molding.Polyurethane rubber has not only soft but also hard, and the feature such as rub little.In the time of work, sample is placed in the middle of sealing shroud, after sample installs, in cavity, the liquid of certain pressure will be injected, upper sleeve gasket is tightly attached to the surrounding of the sample first half under pressure, and lower sleeve gasket is tightly attached to the surrounding of sample Lower Half under pressure, thereby realize effective sealing.The surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket has also been subject to pressure close contact simultaneously, has realized sealing.In the time that upper and lower shear box generation relatively moves, the surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket still keeps compression seal under sliding mode, until O-ring seal disengages.Upper shear box has an inlet opening in order to the infiltration of rock sample shear surface, separately has a hole as vent port; Down cut box has an apopore, in order to discharge the water infiltrating in rock sample shear surface.
Axially load maintainer comprises axial loading frame, servo oil sources etc.Axially loading frame is to be constituted by lower and upper cross-member, four column edge wedges, and load cylinder is fixed on sill, and piston upwards applies test force to sample; This version has improved the rigidity of testing machine to greatest extent, has reduced the gap of testing machine, and the top viewport that is located at shear box can be realized the visual of crack test specimen shear history, and makes the aesthetic in appearance of testing machine.Servo oil sources provides power oil to electrohydraulic servo valve, axially loads by the control of servo-valve.
Tangential load maintainer comprises load cylinder, shears loading frame, power sensor, displacement transducer etc.Shear loading frame and adopt four frame combined types, the side plate on oil cylinder seat and strut beam and two sides all adopts high grade spheroidal-graphite cast iron, makes its frame stiffness large (5000kN/mm), and stable working is reliable.
The mode that confined pressure load maintainer can adopt spiral to load, and controlled by servomotor and controller and controller, can the multistage controlled constant infiltration confined pressure control of reality.Confined pressure system is to be combined by upper and lower gum cover, AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, compressed oil water vat etc.; Servomotor rotates by the control parameter arranging, and moves the piston of water vat by reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, makes profit produce required oil pressure.Reference rubber cover and shear box intensity, more than MTP can reach 25MPa.
The mode that Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism can adopt spiral to load, and controlled by servomotor and controller and controller, can the multistage controlled permanent seepage pressure of reality and infiltration capacity control.Hydraulic pressure system comprises: AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, pressurization water vat etc.; Servomotor rotates by the control parameter arranging, and moves the piston of water vat by reductor, ball-screw, kinematic train, makes the required hydraulic pressure of water generates and required flow.Hydraulic pressure maximum can reach 5MPa.
Servo-control mechanism refers to the control center of testing machine, and it comprises axial control system, Tangents Control system, confined pressure control system, water pressure control system and operating system.
Axially control system and tangential pressure control system are to be made up of EDC full Digitized Servo Control device and sensor separately, comprise test force sensor, displacement transducer, servo-valve etc. at native system, EDC controller the signal of each sensor amplify process after show and controls (with setting parameter compare), then adjust the openings of sizes of servo-valve, to reach the desired value of setting; And these data are delivered in computing machine, shown and data processing by computing machine, draw trial curve, print test report. simultaneously
The EDC controller that hydraulic pressure system and confined pressure control system are distributed with separately is directly controlled an AC Servo Motor Control device, this controller control AC servo motor, motor via reducer, flute profile Timing Belt drive ball-screw, and the piston of hydraulic cylinder is moved, and produce hydraulic pressure; Hydraulic pressure sensor and scrambler are delivered to the electric signal of the displacement of pressure and piston (can be converted into discharge) in EDC controller, show and control through amplifying after processing, these parameters being delivered to simultaneously and in computing machine, carried out data storage, demonstration, trace and printing test report.
Referring to accompanying drawing 6, it has shown the operational diagram of visualization system in the present invention.Leave test observation hole on shear box top, in test, select the first half of the prefabricated crack test specimen with natural fracture joint surface characteristics of suitable transparent class, with photo tint replace light water to realize the visual of crevice water flow path and flow state.By the transparency of material, the mobile image of water in crack can observe by the shear box viewport of top test specimen, and can record its flow process with ccd video camera.
As shown in coupled shear-flow test box structural drawing, square observation port is left at seaming chuck center, in coupled shear-flow test, can replace with transparent rocks material crack test specimen the first half of crack test specimen, digital camera equipment is installed and is connected computing machine by the top at shear box, can realize water flow process visual in the test specimen of crack, for experimental study provides full and accurate valuable data.
Rock fracture coupled shear-flow test system of the present invention can also comprise computer control system.Computer system is the control core of testing machine, and it controls four EDC controllers, makes EDC carry out work by the program parameter arranging, and wants the measurement data of real-time storage, the each passage of processing EDC, draws in real time multiple trial curve; Computer system also want real-time treatment temperature, etc. measurement parameter.The function software of computer system moves under WINDOWS environment, has good man-machine interface and feature easy and simple to handle.Computer control system comprises front panel and process flow diagram.Front panel is the set of controlling and show object, comprises knob, button, figure and other control and shows object etc.; By mouse and key in data, control knob; Meanwhile, can be on computer screen Simultaneous Monitoring test findings data.Process flow diagram window is in order to edit the graphical source code of virtual instrument, by line, output, the object that receives data coupled together to visioning procedure figure, just can realize specific function, controls and carry out corresponding flow process
Based on the measuring and control data of controller and sensor, adopt LabVIEW graphical programming language to build the virtual instrument of an observing and controlling direct shear test, closed electro-hydraulic servo loop system to vertical load and shear load is carried out unified monitoring, carries out multi-channel data acquisition, storage, data processing and curve simultaneously and shows.LabVIEW adopts powerful graphical language programming, has the powerful feature such as data visualization fractional analysis and instrument control ability.Digital control system has been used the self-regulating PID control technology of parameter to realize nonlinear feed forward prediction.System adopts displacement type PID to control, taking shear rate constant control as basis.The high-precision hydraulic synchro control of vertical load adopts displacement type PID to control and realizes; The high precision control of seepage pressure difference adopts equally displacement type PID to control and realizes.Shearing test device makes the action of the load-side command value that can follow up by accepting feedback signal value, thereby realizes high-speed real data acquisition and complex control.Compare with certain (CNS) direct shear test of spring vertical stiffness, novel numerical control direct shear test machine has following features: the precision that has improved test findings; The setting of vertical stiffness value and change can be inputted by microcomputer Simple convenient; Can interrupt at any time ongoing test, then continue to carry out.More can in carrying out on the way, change controlled condition, for example, any switching between CNL, CNS, CNV control, also can realize the non-linear CNS of multistage vertical stiffness and control.
The above; it is only preferably embodiment of patent of the present invention; but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in patent of the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a rock fracture shearing-seepage coupling test system under ambient pressure, is characterized in that comprising: coupled shear-flow test box, axial load maintainer, tangential load maintainer, confined pressure load maintainer, Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism, servo-control mechanism, visualization system;
Described coupled shear-flow test box is used for placing sample, comprises shear box and down cut box, and upper shear box comprises upper sleeve gasket, and down cut box comprises lower sleeve gasket; Upper and lower sealing shroud has respectively cavity, by polyurethane prepared material cast compression molding, in the time that upper and lower shear box relatively moves, the surface of contact of upper sleeve gasket and lower sleeve gasket keeps compression seal under sliding mode, is provided with inlet opening and vent port on upper shear box; On down cut box, be provided with apopore;
Described axial load maintainer is for loading axial force to sample, comprise axial loading frame, axial load cylinder and servo oil sources, axially loading frame comprises entablature, sill and column, axially load cylinder is fixed on sill, and axially the piston in load cylinder can apply axial force to the sample in coupled shear-flow test box by servo oil sources;
Described tangential load maintainer is for loading shearing force to sample, comprise tangential loading frame, tangential load cylinder, power sensor, displacement transducer, tangential loading frame is used for carrying tangential load cylinder, and the piston in tangential load cylinder can apply shearing force to the sample in coupled shear-flow test box;
Described confined pressure load maintainer is for loading the confined pressure effect of confined pressure with simulated formation to sample, its mode that adopts spiral to load is pressurizeed, comprise AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, pressurization water vat, servomotor connects the piston of pressurization water vat by reductor, ball-screw, the plunger shaft of pressurization water vat connects the cavity of upper and lower O-ring seal, control the pressure in the cavity of upper and lower O-ring seal by controlling the rotation of servomotor, obtain needed sample confined pressure with this;
Described Water hydraulic static pressure loading mechanism is for to sample water filling, its mode that adopts spiral to load is pressurizeed, comprise AC servo motor and AC Servo Motor Control device, reductor, ball-screw, pressurization water vat, servomotor connects the piston of pressurization water vat by reductor, ball-screw, the plunger shaft of pressurization water vat connects described coupled shear-flow test box, control the hydraulic pressure of described coupled shear-flow test box by controlling the rotation of servomotor, produce the required hydraulic pressure of specimen test and required flow;
Described servo-control mechanism comprises axial control system, Tangents Control system, confined pressure control system, water pressure control system and operating system; Axially control system and tangential pressure control system are to be made up of EDC full Digitized Servo Control device and sensor separately, described EDC full Digitized Servo Control device shows and controls after the signal of each sensor is amplified to processing, and compare with the parameter of setting, then adjust the openings of sizes of servo-valve, to reach the desired value of setting; And the signal that amplifies described each sensor after treatment is delivered in computing machine, shown and data processing by computing machine, draw trial curve, print test report; simultaneously Water pressure control system and confined pressure control system comprise that respectively EDC full Digitized Servo Control device directly controls an AC Servo Motor Control device separately, described AC Servo Motor Control device is controlled an AC servo motor separately, and the piston of the water vat that makes to pressurize separately moves; The displacement of hydraulic pressure, confined pressure and piston is converted to electric signal and delivers in EDC full Digitized Servo Control device, show and control through amplifying after processing, the electric signal of simultaneously displacement of hydraulic pressure, confined pressure and piston being changed is delivered to and in computing machine, is carried out data storage, demonstration, trace and printing test report;
Described visualization system comprises Digital Video and the computing machine being attached thereto, and on described coupled shear-flow test box, is provided with square observation port, and described Digital Video is arranged on the top of observation port.
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