CN102251935B - 风力涡轮机的叶片 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机的叶片 Download PDF

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CN102251935B
CN102251935B CN201110131824.9A CN201110131824A CN102251935B CN 102251935 B CN102251935 B CN 102251935B CN 201110131824 A CN201110131824 A CN 201110131824A CN 102251935 B CN102251935 B CN 102251935B
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blade
resin
enhancing structure
enhancing
described blade
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CN102251935A (zh
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J.J.O.克里斯滕森
M.诺尔莱姆
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/042—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/045—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/026—Wood layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/048—Natural or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6015—Resin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/70—Treatments or modification of materials
    • F05B2280/702—Reinforcements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/20—Resin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/22—Reinforcements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及风力涡轮机的叶片。该叶片包含不同的层，所述层被用于构建所述叶片的三维形状。施加树脂来连接所述层，且同时所述叶片被制造。增强结构被设置成靠近所述叶片的表面且处于所述叶片的树脂富集部段，其中在所述叶片的制造过程中在该树脂富集部段聚集一定量的树脂。

Description

风力涡轮机的叶片
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机的叶片。
背景技术
通常借助于所谓的“真空辅助树脂传递模塑，VARTM”过程来制造现代的风力涡轮机叶片。
为此目的，大量的层被铺设到所谓的“下模”上以便构建叶片的三维形状，其中所述层包含纤维、垫、轻木、预制部件、使用任意种类的成形材料填充的气囊等。下模被用于支撑叶片的“夹层结构”。
下模与“上模”连接以形成闭合模具结构。模具包罩或更好地封装叶片结构。
在VARTM过程中，工艺性真空被施加到闭合模具结构，因而从这个结构排出空气且同时相应地将树脂灌注到结构中。
允许树脂固化并且能够从被拆开的模具移除叶片。
VARTM过程允许生产非常坚固的叶片以及非常坚固的复合物和部件。
复合物和部件可以被设计且构造成之后位于叶片内部，而在后续VARTM过程中制造叶片。
由于使用了轻木和气囊的原因，借助于VARTM过程制造的产品甚至呈现减少的重量。在制造时气囊处于产品内部，且之后将被移除，因此在产品内部存在一种空气填充的腔室。
产品的大部分，特别是制造的叶片的大部分，是由增强材料构成的，特别是由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、编织垫等构成。
在这种VARTM过程中存在问题。闭合模具系统可能会包含需要用来构建产品的特定所需形状的深的且凹形的横截面和区域。
例如，后缘和/或前缘属于这些部段。
被用于构建部段形状的纤维垫可能不能紧密且牢固地对齐于叶片的计划表面。该计划表面由之后闭合的模具系统的内表面的曲率来确定。
在叶片的构建过程中，纤维垫可能会遵循不用于计划曲率的曲率。例如，在某些情况下，纤维垫会倾向于类似于悬链的形状（悬挂链）。
这种效果导致了位于闭合模具系统的内表面和纤维垫之间的大量孔隙。由于VARTM过程，孔隙将由树脂填充。
在这种情况下，由于树脂重量的原因，会增加叶片的重量，且同时树脂会削弱叶片的结构，因为在这些部位树脂不具有内部支撑结构（纤维）。会导致在叶片表面上的裂纹。
风力涡轮机叶片被暴露于疲劳载荷，因此叶片的前缘和后缘会在叶片表面中呈现疲劳裂纹。
裂纹需要手工修复。这种工作是耗时且昂贵的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目标在于提供克服上述问题的改进风力涡轮机叶片。
这个目标是通过权利要求1的特征来实现的。本发明的优选实施例是从属权利要求的目标。
根据本发明，风力涡轮机的叶片包含不同的层，所述层用于构建所述叶片的三维形状。施加树脂来连接所述层且同时制造所述叶片。增强结构被设置成靠近叶片的表面且在叶片的树脂富集部段，在该部段在叶片制造期间聚集了一定量的树脂。
根据本发明，增强结构是成形且优选开放式的层压件，其被设置在叶片中通常会产生大量树脂（例如在应用的VARTM过程期间）的部段。
这些部段包含叶片的尖锐角隅，例如类似于叶片的后缘或前缘。
由于本发明的原因，生产叶片更加便宜，因为由于增强结构的原因最小化或甚至避免了裂纹的数量。因此减少或甚至避免了修复工作。
由于本发明的原因，减少了叶片的重量，因为甚至减少了树脂填充孔隙的数量。
由于本发明的原因，叶片结构，特别是前缘和后缘，更加坚固。通过作为叶片一体部分的增强结构来支撑树脂富集区域。
附图说明
现在借助于附图更加详细地示出了本发明。
附图示出了优选实施例并且不限制本发明的范围。
图1借助于横截面图示出了被创造成为闭合模具系统的设置，
图2示出了在图1中被使用和描述的“开放式栅格层压件”的形状。
具体实施方式
图1借助于横截面图示出了被创造成为闭合模具系统CMS的一部分的设置。
在VARTM过程中使用下模LM来支撑风力涡轮机的叶片BL。
通过如上所述的纤维、垫、轻木、预制部件、由任意种类的成形材料填充的气囊等（这里没有详细示出）来构建叶片BL的结构。因此，这些要素形成了风力涡轮机叶片的不同层。
因此，下模LM被用于支撑叶片BL的这种“夹层结构”。
上模UM与下模LM相连，并且上模UM也用于构建闭合模具结构，如上所述。
横截面图示出了叶片BL的后缘TE。
由于闭合模具结构的内表面IS的原因以及由于后缘TE的特定形状的原因，将产生树脂富集区域RRA。
如果不采取其他步骤，则VARTM过程将如上所述导致裂纹，并且将导致孔隙。孔隙会位于闭合模具结构的内表面IS和叶片BL沿后缘TE的表面（或者更可能地叶片BL的纤维垫表面）之间。
为了克服这些问题，成形层压结构SLS被用作增强结构。其沿后缘TE被放置并且位于树脂富集区域RRA内。
优选地，成形层压结构SLS被成形为类似于轨，在其横截面上呈现角度。该角度被选择成使得用作增强结构的成形层压结构SLS以外形配合方式被附连到叶片的层。
该角度可以是例如90度直角。
优选地，成形层压结构SLS被制成开放式结构，例如格栅。这允许在VARTM过程期间树脂穿透层压结构SLS。
当应用VARTM过程时且当叶片BL完工时，成形层压结构SLS是叶片BL的一体部分。
当树脂进入到成形层压结构SLS内部时，其用作叶片BL内部的增强结构。
优选地，成形层压结构SLS被制成预浇铸开放式结构。该预浇铸结构通过树脂被结合且固定在叶片BL内。
本发明的设置最小化了对后期修复的需要。此外，在叶片要素（纤维、垫、木材等）的铺层过程期间的手工工作要比以前的手工工作容易，因为减少了如上所述的“悬挂链”效应。
因此，允许在叶片的尖锐角隅处更容易且简便地铺层纤维材料。叶片的形状甚至可以实施并实现更难的曲率。
优选地，成形层压结构SLS被设置成靠近叶片BL的表面。
成形层压结构SLS被用作边缘保护，特别是用于叶片BL的后缘和/或前缘或其他相关部段。
图2示出了开放式栅格层压件OGL的形状，其被用作根据图1的成形层压结构SLS。

Claims (6)

1.一种风力涡轮机的叶片，
其中所述叶片包含不同的层，所述层被用于构建所述叶片的三维形状，同时树脂被应用以连接所述层且同时所述叶片被制造，以及
其中所述叶片是通过应用真空辅助树脂传递模塑过程来制造的，其使用闭合模具结构来包罩所述叶片且同时施加所述树脂；
其中增强结构被设置成靠近所述叶片的表面且处于所述叶片的树脂富集部段，其中在所述叶片的制造过程中在该树脂富集部段聚集一定量的树脂；
其中所述树脂富集部段由所述闭合模具结构的内表面和所述叶片的形状来限定，且其中所述树脂富集部段由不能紧密且牢固地对齐于叶片的计划表面的纤维垫限定；
其中所述增强结构包含多个通道或管，因而所施加的树脂穿透所述增强结构；由此
所述增强结构是所述叶片的一体部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叶片，
其中所述增强结构沿后缘的至少一部分被设置，以及/或者
其中所述增强结构沿前缘的至少一部分被设置，以及/或者
其中所述增强结构被设置成靠近所述叶片的尖锐角隅。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叶片，其中所述增强结构是轨。
4.根据权利要求1所述的叶片，其中所述增强结构在其横截面上呈现一角度，该角度被选择成使得所述增强结构以外形配合方式被附连到所述叶片的所述层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的叶片，其中所述增强结构是层压结构和/或预浇铸层压结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的叶片，其中所述增强结构被设置成靠近所述叶片的表面。
CN201110131824.9A 2010-05-21 2011-05-20 风力涡轮机的叶片 Expired - Fee Related CN102251935B (zh)

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