CN102251084A - Heat treatment process of steel forging for hydraulic cylinder of deep-sea oil recovery equipment - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of steel forging for hydraulic cylinder of deep-sea oil recovery equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a steel forging for a hydraulic cylinder of deep-sea oil recovery equipment, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: (1) selecting martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel as a steel forging material of a 15-5PH hydraulic cylinder, wherein the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.04-0.07% of carbon, 0.001-0.60% of silicon, 0.80-1.00% of manganese, 14.00-14.50% of chromium, 5.00-5.50% of Ni, 2.50-4.00% of copper,0.15-0.25% of niobium, not more than 0.035% of phosphorus and not more than 0.025% of S, the chromium equivalent is 14.08-15.52% and the Ni equivalent is 6.60-8.10%; (2) heating the forging to 1060+/-5 DEG C, carrying out heat preservation for 180 minutes, taking out the forging, and carrying out oil cooling on the forging until the temperature is lower than 32 DEG C; (3) heating the forging to 620+/-5 DEG C, carrying out heat preservation for 360 minutes, taking out the forging, and air-cooling the forging to room temperature; (4) heating the treated forging processed in the step (3) of the hydraulic cylinder to 1040+/-5 DEG C, carrying out heat preservation for 140 minutes, taking out the forging and carrying out oil cooling on the forging until the temperature of the forging is lower than 32 DEG C; and (5) heating the forging to 580+/-5 DEG C, carrying out heat preservation for 360 minutes, taking out the forging and air-cooling the forging to room temperature.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the production technical field of deep-sea oil production equipment hydro-cylinder, particularly a kind of property heat treatment technology of martensitic precipitation 15-5PH forging with steel forgings.
Background technology:
Hydro-cylinder with hydraulic pressure can change mechanical energy into, the do straight reciprocating motion hydraulic actuator of (or oscillating motion).Its simple in structure, reliable operation.When realizing to-and-fro movement with it, can remove deceleration device from, and not have drive gap, therefore motion steadily is used widely in the hydraulic efficiency system of various machineries.Hydro-cylinder also is widely used in the marine oil and gas mining system, as offshore production platform hydraulic pumping unit, the offshore platform hydraulic control system, well workover water tap ejecter etc. of pile chuck, hydro-cylinder deep-sea core drilling rig, underground hydraulic pressure supercharging blower, preventer under water.
Because a particular job environment of deep-sea oil production equipment hydro-cylinder, the material of hydro-cylinder is defined as precipitation hardenable Martensite Stainless Steel 15-5PH.The alloying elements cr of 15-5PH, Ni content height, narrow forging temperature contains the high temperature phase delta ferrite of easy generation forge crack etc. in the forging tissue, increased the forging molding difficulty of forging.Patent of invention " deep-sea oil production equipment hydro-cylinder steel forgings forging stock manufacturing process " adopts the optimization of Chemical Composition and the combination that changes conventional forging process of 15-5PH steel at the problems referred to above, successfully forges compacting and forges saturating hydro-cylinder forging forging stock.But this patent prevents the final forging temperature forge crack that occurs on the low side because of the forging characteristic of 15-5PH, and final forging temperature is still quoted in the conventional forging process 980 ℃ higher final forging temperature.Coarse-grain, mixed crystal in various degree can appear in final forging temperature height, the microstructure of forging stock.In addition, (540 * 378 * 152mm) under actual condition of molding at the large section forging, the internal modification distributed pole is inhomogeneous, under certain strain rate and temperature condition, a part satisfies the deformed region that dynamic recrystallization takes place, and dynamic recrystallization can take place in deformation process, other zone is then because deflection is little, the dynamic recrystallization condition satisfy not take place and dynamic recrystallization can not take place.Cause the grain-size of different zones not of uniform size thus; particularly under the final forging temperature condition with higher; the crystal grain in recrystallize zone can take place to grow up unusually, forms coarse-grain and mixed grain structure in the forging, with the mechanical property that has a strong impact on after the forging performance thermal treatment.
Because the marine oil and gas working condition that hydro-cylinder is on active service is abominable, the inside wall of cylinder need resistance to wear, and the desired strength high tenacity is good, low-temperature flexibility especially, and the customer requirement-18 ℃ summer is than v-notch ballistic work AKv ≧ 20J.Therefore, property heat treatment technology with trade mark XM-12 (being equal to 15-5PH)/H1075 state among the ASTM A564 (1040 ℃ of solution treatment+580 ℃ ageing treatment) is made the hydro-cylinder of using in the marine oil and gas mining system, its microstructure and comprehensive mechanical property are difficult to meet the demands, and also can't be applicable to abominable working condition.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the microstructure deficiency of existing forging forging stock, oil production equipment hydro-cylinder steel forgings property heat treatment technology in a kind of deep-sea is provided, can improve the microstructure of hydro-cylinder effectively by this technology with steel forgings, comprehensive mechanical property, the especially low-temperature impact toughness of raising forging and yield strength and processing quality are stable.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Oil production equipment hydro-cylinder property heat treatment technology of steel forgings in a kind of deep-sea may further comprise the steps:
Step is 1.: with the martensite PH Stainless Steel is 15-5PH hydro-cylinder steel forgings material, described martensite PH Stainless Steel comprises carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, niobium, phosphorus and sulphur, its mass percent is, carbon 0.04%～0.07%, silicon 0.001%～0.60%, manganese 0.80%～1.00%, chromium 14.00%～14.50%, nickel 5.00%～5.50%, copper 2.50%～4.00%, niobium 0.15%～0.25%, phosphorus≤0.035%, sulphur≤0.025%, and, chromium equivalent is 14.08%～15.52%, nickel equivalent is 6.60%～8.10%
Step is 2.: will insert in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the rough machined 15-5PH hydro-cylinder of machinery forging and be heated to 1060 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 180 minutes, and below the oil cooling to 32 ℃ of coming out of the stove,
Step is 3.: 2. step is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 620 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step is 4.: 3. step is inserted in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the hydro-cylinder forging of ageing treatment and is heated to 1040 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 140 minutes, below the oil cooling to 32 ℃ of coming out of the stove,
Step is 5.: 4. step is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 580 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove was to room temperature.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
The present invention adopts the property heat treatment technology of twice solid solution+timeliness, the solid solution of solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the first time+aging heat treatment conditioning heat treatment as the second time, the forging attitude mixed crystal and the open grain structure of hydro-cylinder forging have been reduced, improved the structural state before of solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the second time, help solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the second time and obtain even tiny microstructure, promote the forging comprehensive mechanical property.
The present invention's solution heat treatment for the first time austenitizing Heating temperature is increased to 1060 ℃, increased the thermodynamic condition of steel interalloy Elements Diffusion, steel interalloy element is distributed be tending towards even, reduced because of the detrimentally affect of micro components segregation to microstructure, high temperature austenite changes tissue martensite+small portion of residual austenite uniformly into through oil cooling;
The present invention's aging temperature for the first time is increased to 620 ℃, has obtained maximal reversal and has become the Ovshinsky scale of construction, and reverse turns austenitic volume percent and is about about 11.2%.Because reversed austenite forms preferentially and grows up in martensite lath interfascicular and original austenite crystal prevention place forming core, form thin sheet reversed austenite.Next be since aging temp higher, shortened the incubation period that carbide is separated out, help NbC, a large amount of disperses of M23C6 carbide are separated out with age hardening mutually the precipitation of ε-Cu particle separate out.Therefore, the tissue after the ageing treatment also is rich in carbide and ε-Cu precipitated phases such as NbC, M23C6 except that the sheet reversed austenite that is distributed in for tempered martensite and disperse in the martensitic matrix.The sheet reversed austenite that disperse distributes as austenitic forming core particle, has increased austenitic forming core particle quantity significantly in solution treatment second time austenitizing heat-processed.The increase of austenite forming core quantity means that austenite grain size reduces, thus refinement the austenite crystal of solution treatment for the second time.Meanwhile, carbide such as not molten NbC, M23C6 and ε-Cu precipitation is on good terms and is effectively stoped the high temperature austenite crystal boundary migration, prevents the grain growth of the heating of solution treatment austenitizing and isothermal process.
The present invention's solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the second time is final property heat treatment, and solution treatment austenitizing Heating temperature, ageing treatment isothermal temperature are respectively 1040 ℃ and 580 ℃ according to trade mark XM-12/H1075 state requirement among the A564 ∕ A564M.Solution treatment austenitizing soaking time shortens to 120 minutes, further prevents the high temperature austenite grain coarsening, guarantees to obtain evenly tiny martensite+small portion of residual austenite structure after solution treatment is handled.
Summarize it, the present invention is the property heat treatment technology by two solid solution+timeliness, improves the microstructure of hydro-cylinder with steel forgings effectively, and comprehensive mechanical property, the especially low-temperature impact toughness of raising forging and yield strength and processing quality are stable.In addition, the thermal treatment process of patent of the present invention is stable, has repeatable preferably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 becomes austenite volume content graphic representation for the reverse of the different aging temp correspondences of experimental study of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the forging attitude metallographic structure figure (100 *) of hydro-cylinder forging;
Fig. 4 is the forging attitude metallographic structure figure (500 *) of hydro-cylinder forging;
Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure figure (100 *) of comparative example;
Fig. 6 is the metallographic structure figure (500 *) of comparative example;
Fig. 7 is the metallographic structure figure (100 *) of embodiment 1;
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure figure (500 *) of embodiment 1.
Embodiment:
Adopt two kinds of different solid-solution and aging heat treatment processing methodes as follows:
Comparative example (technology A): common solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology;
Embodiment 1(technology B): solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology of the present invention;
Embodiment 2(technology C): solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology of the present invention.
Comparative example (technology A) concrete steps are as follows:
Steps A is 1.: will insert in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the rough machined 15-5PH hydro-cylinder of machinery forging and be heated to 1040 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 180 minutes (soaking time is pressed forging net thickness per inch and was calculated in 30 minutes), come out of the stove below the oil cooling to 32 ℃
Steps A is 2.: 1. step is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 580 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes (soaking time press the calculating in 60 minutes of each inch of forging net thickness), the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Steps A is 3.: partly materials at hydro-cylinder forging extension body and carry out mechanical property test and metallographic microstructure analysis, the mechanical property test data see Table the comparative example in 1, and metallographic microstructure is seen Fig. 5 and Fig. 6,
Embodiment 1(technology B) concrete steps are as follows:
Step B is 1.: will insert in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the rough machined 15-5PH hydro-cylinder of machinery forging and be heated to 1060 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 180 minutes (soaking time is pressed forging net thickness per inch and was calculated in 30 minutes), come out of the stove below the oil cooling to 32 ℃
Step B is 2.: through step B 1. the extension body of the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment partly materials and carry out 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃ ageing treatment respectively, the ageing treatment soaking time is pressed forging net thickness per inch and was calculated in 60 minutes,
Step B is 3.: with step B 2. the sample of ageing treatment reverse through the X-ray diffraction integrated intensity respectively and become the austenite quantitative analysis, analytical results is seen Fig. 2,
Step B is 4.: the step B 1. hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment inserts in the well formula resistance tempering stove and is heated to 620 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes (soaking time press the calculating in 60 minutes of forging net thickness per inch), and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step B is 5.: 4. step B is inserted in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the hydro-cylinder forging of ageing treatment be heated to 1040 ± 5 ℃, and (soaking time is pressed forging net thickness per inch and was calculated in 30 minutes to be incubated 140 minutes in this temperature range, calculated value deducts 40 minutes), below the oil cooling to 32 ℃ of coming out of the stove
Step B is 6.: 5. step B is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 580 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes (soaking time press the calculating in 60 minutes of forging net thickness per inch), the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step B is 7.: through step B 5. ageing treatment hydro-cylinder forging extension body partly materials and carry out mechanical property test and metallographic microstructure analysis, the mechanical property test data see Table the embodiment 1 in 1, metallographic microstructure is seen Fig. 7 and Fig. 8,
Embodiment 2(technology C) concrete steps are as follows:
Step C is 1.: will insert in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the rough machined 15-5PH hydro-cylinder of machinery forging and be heated to 1050 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 180 minutes (soaking time is pressed forging net thickness per inch and was calculated in 30 minutes), come out of the stove below the oil cooling to 32 ℃
Step C is 2.: the step B 1. hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment inserts in the well formula resistance tempering stove and is heated to 610 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes (soaking time press the calculating in 60 minutes of forging net thickness per inch), and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step C is 3.: 2. step C is inserted in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the hydro-cylinder forging hydro-cylinder forging of ageing treatment be heated to 1040 ± 5 ℃, and (soaking time was pressed forging net thickness per inch 30 minutes to be incubated 120 minutes in this temperature range, calculated value deducts 60 minutes), come out of the stove below the oil cooling to 32 ℃
Step C is 4.: with step C 3. the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment insert in the well formula resistance tempering stove and be heated to 580 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes (soaking time press the calculating in 60 minutes of forging net thickness per inch), the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step C is 5.: through step C 4. ageing treatment hydro-cylinder forging extension body partly materials and carry out mechanical property test, the mechanical property test data see Table the embodiment 2 in 1
1. described step B its objective is:
1. step B is the solution heat treatment first time of two solid solution+aging treatment process, forging in solid solution austenitizing heat-processed by martensitic transformation at austenite, promptly undergo phase transition recrystallize.Utilize the phase transformation recrystallize tentatively to improve forging attitude coarse-grain and mixed grain structure, helping for the second time, property heat treatment obtains evenly tiny fine grained texture.Solid solution austenitizing Heating temperature is increased to 1060 ℃, increased the thermodynamic condition of steel interalloy Elements Diffusion, steel interalloy element is distributed be tending towards even, reduced because of the detrimentally affect of micro components segregation to microstructure, austenitic transformation is the uniform martensite of tissue+small portion of residual austenite through oil cooling.
2. described step B its objective is:
Measure by the reverse of different aging temp correspondences is become austenite content, determined step B 3. ageing treatment obtain maximum level and reverse and become austenitic best aging range and be 615～625 ℃.
4. described step B its objective is:
According to Fig. 2, aging temperature is increased to 620 ℃, has obtained maximal reversal and has turned austenitic content, reverses the austenitic volume percent of change and is about 11.2%.Because reversed austenite forms preferentially and grows up in martensite lath interfascicular crack and original austenite crystal prevention place forming core, form small thin slices stratiform reversed austenite.Next be since aging temp higher, shortened the incubation period that carbide is separated out, help NbC, a large amount of disperses of M23C6 carbide are separated out with age hardening mutually the intergranular precipitation of ε-Cu particle separate out.Therefore, the tissue after the ageing treatment also is rich in carbide and ε-Cu precipitated phases such as NbC, M23C6 except that the sheet reversed austenite that is distributed in for tempered martensite and disperse in the martensitic matrix.The sheet reversed austenite that disperse distributes as austenitic forming core particle, has increased austenitic forming core particle quantity significantly in performance solution treatment second time austenitizing heat-processed.The increase of austenite forming core quantity means that austenite grain size reduces, thus further refinement the austenite crystal of solution treatment for the second time.Meanwhile, carbide such as molten NbC, M23C6 and ε-Cu precipitation are on good terms and are effectively stoped the high temperature austenite crystal boundary migration, prevent the grain growth of performance solution treatment austenitizing heating for the second time and isothermal process.
Table 1 15-5PH comprehensive mechanical property testing data
Analysis-by-synthesis as a result
15-5PH belongs to the martensite PH Stainless Steel, and for preventing the final forging temperature forge crack that occurs on the low side, final forging temperature is up to 980 ℃.Coarse-grain, mixed crystal that final forging temperature height, the microstructure of forging stock can occur in various degree cause coarse microstructure inhomogeneous, for martensite+bainite+small portion of residual austenite, see Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
Comparative example of the present invention adopts the traditional performance thermal treatment process, it is trade mark XM-12/H1075 state performance aging thermal treating process among the ASTM A564,1040 ℃ of solution treatment+580 ℃ ageing treatment, mechanical property does not reach the requirement of ASTM A564, as only the be near the mark lower limit of required value of yield strength, especially low-temperature impact toughness differs more, sees Table 1 comparative example.Usually, the performance quality of material depends on tissue, by Fig. 5, Fig. 6 as can be known, the traditional performance thermal treatment process fails to eliminate fully forging attitude tissue defects, microstructure after the property heat treatment exists significantly forges the heredity of attitude tissue defects, as microstructure is thick uneven martensite+small portion of residual austenite, and crystal grain is thick, mixed crystal etc.Therefore, crystal grain mixed crystal and organize the thick inhomogeneous structural stress that will inevitably increase material reduces comprehensive mechanical property.
The present invention adopts two solid solution aging treatment process, the solid solution of solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the first time+aging heat treatment conditioning heat treatment as the second time, the forging attitude coarse-grain and the mixed grain structure of hydro-cylinder forging have been reduced, improved the structural state before of solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment for the second time, finally obtain even tiny martensite+small portion of residual austenitic microstructure, seen Fig. 7, Fig. 8.By the tough principle of refined crystalline strengthening and Hall-Page formula: σ
s=σ+Kyd
-1/2As can be known, crystal grain is tiny, can not only improve YIELD STRENGTH, and can also improve the toughness of material, makes material obtain high obdurability.Therefore, thermal treatment process of the present invention makes forging obtain good comprehensive mechanical properties and best combination of strength and toughness, and yield strength and low-temperature impact toughness see Table embodiment 1 in 1 all apparently higher than the requirement of ASTM A564.
The embodiment of the invention 2 technologies are on the basis of embodiment 1, solid solution for the first time, aging temp are reduced 10 ℃ respectively, the soaking time of solid solution for the second time foreshortens to 120 minutes, the mechanical property of forging (seeing Table embodiment 2 in 1) is coincide better with the mechanical performance data of embodiment 1, shows that process stabilizing of the present invention is reliable.Deep-sea oil production equipment hydro-cylinder steel forgings so that this thermal treatment process is handled can finely be applicable to the worst cold case environment as the deep-sea so really.Simultaneously, the thermal treatment process that also can be the stainless forging of the similar martensite precipitation hardening of technological development is used for reference application.
The above only is the specific embodiment of the invention, but can not limits scope of the invention process with this, promptly allly is equal to, changes and modify according to what the present patent application claim and description were done, all should still belong in the scope that patent of the present invention contains.
Claims (1)
1. a deep-sea oil production equipment hydro-cylinder is characterized in that with steel forgings property heat treatment technology,
Step is 1.: with the martensite PH Stainless Steel is 15-5PH hydro-cylinder steel forgings material, described martensite PH Stainless Steel comprises carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, niobium, phosphorus and sulphur, its mass percent is, carbon 0.04%～0.07%, silicon 0.001%～0.60%, manganese 0.80%～1.00%, chromium 14.00%～14.50%, nickel 5.00%～5.50%, copper 2.50%～4.00%, niobium 0.15%～0.25%, phosphorus≤0.035%, sulphur≤0.025%, and, chromium equivalent is 14.08%～15.52%, nickel equivalent is 6.60%～8.10%
Step is 2.: will insert in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the rough machined 15-5PH hydro-cylinder of machinery forging and be heated to 1060 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 180 minutes, and below the oil cooling to 32 ℃ of coming out of the stove,
Step is 3.: 2. step is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 620 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature,
Step is 4.: 3. step is inserted in the well formula resistance heading furnace through the hydro-cylinder forging of ageing treatment and is heated to 1040 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 140 minutes, below the oil cooling to 32 ℃ of coming out of the stove,
Step is 5.: 4. step is inserted in the well formula resistance tempering stove through the hydro-cylinder forging of solution treatment be heated to 580 ± 5 ℃, and this temperature range insulation 360 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove was to room temperature.
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