CN103028912A - Steel forging manufacturing method for valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment - Google Patents
Steel forging manufacturing method for valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel forging manufacturing method for a valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as a blank, wherein the selected blank is AISI4130 (MOD); forging the blank by utilizing a radial cross forging method to obtain a valve seat forging blank; performing hydrogen diffusion thermal treatment on the valve seat forging blank; performing rough machining on the valve seat forging blank to remove black skin from the forging blank to obtain a valve seat blank; normalizing the valve seat blank; performing quenching thermal treatment on the valve seat blank by utilizing a water cooling/air cooling triple-cycle intermittent quenching process; and heating a valve seat forging obtained by the quenching thermal treatment to 650 to 670 DEG C, preserving heat, taking the valve seat forging from a furnace, and air-cooling the valve seat forging to room temperature to obtain a forging for the valve seat of the deep-sea oil production equipment. Forging processes and thermal treatment processes are combined, so that complexly-shaped large forgings are effectively prevented from being cracked when being quenched; and the comprehensive mechanical performance, in particular the low-temperature toughness, of the manufactured forging for the valve seat of the deep-sea oil production equipment is greatly improved, and the manufactured forging can be well applied to a deep-sea low-temperature working condition environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and forge and Field of Heat-treatment, be specifically related to the manufacture method that a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat is used the steel forgings forging stock.
Background technology
Deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree are applied to oil exploitation industry, are mainly used in hanging the tubing string in the lower going-into-well, the annular space of Seal Oil sleeve pipe, control and adjusting oil well production guarantee operation, admission oil, the casing pressure data, the daily production managements such as test and wax removal.Comprising be used for measuring and keep in repair, regulate or stop various types of valves of gushing out in the well of former oil vapour, natural gas and the liquid of producing, such as gate valve, choke valve, plug valve, check-valves, choke valve, quick action emergency valve etc., and usage quantity is also large especially.This shows that in the deep-sea oil recovery equipment system, the effect of valve is very important.The applied environment of deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree harsh as: be rich in mud, H
2S and CO
2Deng etchant gas.Operating pressure is high, is generally 35MPa~69MPa even higher, and operating temperature is low, and minimum is subzero about 50 ℃.Working environment as the various valves in this system is like this equally, and quality requirement must satisfy standard A PI6AV1--sub-sea valve the strictest in the petroleum industry and the testing standard of actuator.Valve seat is the supporting body of all parts of valve and pipeline, not only requires to have higher conventional comprehensive mechanical property, also good low-temperature flexibility must be arranged.Therefore, the main forging process of forging, forging quality, delivery and examination strict implement API6A/ISO10423 " wellhead equipment and production tree equipment code " and technological document MS-011501-11REV.04.
At present, usually select AISI4130 (MOD) for the manufacture of the seat material of oil extraction system, belong to medium quenching degree low-alloy structural steel, be equivalent to the hypo eutectoid low-alloy steel 30CrMo of China.The sectional dimension of valve seat forging is relatively large, and (¢ 590 * 402 * 1073mm), and is complex-shaped, has transition section, a plurality of circle side.For guaranteeing to obtain dark as far as possible depth of hardening zone, it is water that Technology for Heating Processing requires quenching medium.Relatively large for sectional dimension, complex-shaped heat treatment forging, form larger thermal stress and structural stress during quenching because the cooling velocity of water is excessive, especially in the cross section of circle side's transition and the through hardening layer larger with at the interface thermal stress and the structural stress of through hardening layer not, cause thus the probability of valve seat hardening crack to increase.Secondly, the steel ingot that the size of forging is selected greatly is also large, when forging, often can not forge large steel ingot, some as cast condition metallurgical imperfections, to remain in to some extent in the forging such as segregation, loose, shrinkage cavity etc., make forging will produce larger stress in heat treatment process and concentrate, the cracking in heat treatment process or in the put procedure after heat treatment finishes that often causes forging perhaps reduces the effective bearing capacity of part under arms the time because of the existence of internal stress.Not only affected the workmanship and normal rhythm of production of valve seat by above-mentioned reason, also increased the negative effect of manufacturing cost and product quality credit worthiness.In addition, because valve seat is in the harsh working condition in deep-sea, require the low-temperature flexibility-60 ° summer than v-notch ballistic work 〉=27J.Therefore, use AISI4130 (MOD) material, the deep-sea valve seat that produces with the forge piece manufacturing process of routine, not only manufacturing process and product quality are difficult to stablize, its low-temperature flexibility also is difficult to meet the demands, can't be applicable to the such severe rugged environment of deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree, especially the worst cold case environment.
Therefore, need a kind of new deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat with the manufacture method of steel forgings to address the above problem.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to the process for manufacturing forging of prior art in the defective of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat aspect steel forgings, the manufacture method of a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat with steel forgings is provided.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention adopts following technical scheme with the manufacture method of steel forgings:
A kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat manufacture method of steel forgings may further comprise the steps:
(1) take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, utilize radially that the cross forging method forges described blank, obtain the valve seat forging stock;
(2) the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained expands hydrogen heat treatment;
(3) the valve seat forging stock that step (2) is obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(4) the valve seat blank that step (3) is obtained carries out normalizing;
(5) the valve seat blank that step (4) is obtained utilizes three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment;
(6) the valve seat forging after will processing through step (5) be heated to 650-670 ℃ and be incubated more than 680 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove namely obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings to room temperature.
Beneficial effect: deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention is selected chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel material with the manufacture method of steel forgings, and Forging Technology and Technology for Heating Processing combined the quenching-and-tempering process that namely radially cross Forging Technology and normalizing+water-cooled/three circular gaps of air cooling quench.Not only effectively prevented complex-shaped large forging hardening break, and the deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of making increases substantially with the comprehensive mechanical property of steel forgings especially low-temperature flexibility, can be applicable to well the deep sea low temperature work condition environment.
Preferably, described chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, all the other are Fe.
Preferably, described radially cross forging method may further comprise the steps: a, with blank jumping-up vertically; B, along two repeatedly upsetting pulls of orthogonal diametric(al) in cross section of described blank; C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.It is many that the method blank deformation direction changes, and steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, to the as-cast structure at broken steel ingot center, forge loose, hole, the defects i.e.cracks that closes steel ingot inside and organize radially equally distributed effect remarkable.The radially cross forging ratio of patent of the present invention adopts the conventional Forging Technology more can be with farthest compactings of genetic defects such as loose in the as cast metal, space and crackles, density and the continuity of metal have been improved, promote simultaneously the as-cast structure kneading, make the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, effectively alleviated the segregation degree of forging.Radially cross forges structure property and the comprehensive mechanical property that has not only effectively excavated material.And because the dense structure of forging stock, even, greatly reduce the residualinternal stress of forging stock, eliminated the internal flaw that causes that stress is concentrated, strengthened the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress and structural stress in modified heat-treatment quenching process, having reduced the hardening crack risk of forging stock, also is a kind of complementation to the hardening flaw that reduces Technology for Heating Processing formation.Radially the purpose of cross forging method is to utilize the variation of blank deformation direction many, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, the effectively broken as cast condition dendrite tissue at steel ingot center, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote simultaneously the kneading of as-cast structure, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation journey of forging tissue.Guarantee that from tissue forging is modified heat treated quenching process subsequently, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break that causes therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.
Preferably, the heat treatment of described expansion hydrogen specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.Expanding the heat treated purpose of hydrogen is: guarantee that at original steel ingot hydrogen content under the prerequisite below the 2.0ppm, further reduces the content of hydrogen, prevent that the valve seat forging stock from producing Light spots crack and heat treatment stress brings out hydrogen induced cracking and hydrogen causes delay hysteresis crackle.
Preferably, described normalizing specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained was heated to 900 ± 20 ℃ and insulation after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.The normalized treatment purpose is to increase high temperature normalizing heat treatment before modified heat treatment, the one, and changed front structural state, the tissue of forging attitude of modified quenching and be tending towards even; The 2nd, the further refinement of forging grain has obtained more tiny uniform quenching structure after the modified quenching, has improved the Strengthening and Toughening performance of material after the modified heat treatment.
Preferably, three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (4) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat and insulation, come out of the stove, then carry out successively entering the first time water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, for the first time entering water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8~1.6s/mm, D is the diameter of valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, air cooling time is for the first time entry 1/2~l/3 of cool time for the first time, after this entry is successively decreased by 0.8~0.7 of previous circulation cool time in each circulation, and the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5~2 of last circulation.Wherein, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the modified heat treated process in the step (6), the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.Quench by three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling, reducing to greatest extent thermal stress that forging heat treatment produces and structural stress, locate the stress that causes in the different circle of valve seat sectional dimension and circle and circle and the transition section of side concentrated, prevent hardening break and the implosion of forging, also obtained even tiny quenching structure simultaneously.
Preferably, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling described in the step (5), the valve seat forging stock that step (4) is obtained was heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and insulation at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling that the valve forging stock is carried out quenching heat treatment.Before quenching heating-up temperature is down to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes by 870 ± 10 ℃, its objective is: reduce hardening heat and can effectively reduce quenching stress, prevent heavy forging hardening crack tendency.
Preferably, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the modified heat treated process, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in the water-cooled process, water is carried out stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, stops to stir when entering water cooling the 4th time.Above-mentioned design is in order to guarantee in the quenching process that vapor film adopts the method that stirs to the harmful effect of martensite transfor mation in the cooling procedure in order to reduce, and, enters for the last time water cooling and stops to stir more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water.
Preferably, described blank is AISI4130 (MOD)
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the forging flow chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the heat treatment cycle curve figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the horizontal macrostructure figure of Comparative examples A;
Fig. 4 is the horizontal macrostructure figure of Embodiment B;
Fig. 5 is the horizontal macrostructure figure of Embodiment C;
Fig. 6 is the metallographic structure figure (100 *) of Comparative examples A;
Fig. 7 is the metallographic structure figure (500 *) of Comparative examples A;
Fig. 8 is the metallographic structure figure (100 *) of Embodiment B;
Fig. 9 is the metallographic structure figure (500 *) of Embodiment B;
Figure 10 is the metallographic structure figure (100 *) of Embodiment C;
Figure 11 is the metallographic structure figure (500 *) of Embodiment C.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
See also illustrated in figures 1 and 2ly, a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention may further comprise the steps with the manufacture method of steel forgings:
(1) according to the size of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat, select suitable blank, described blank is chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel, and the blank that our company selects is AISI4130 (MOD); Chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, all the other are Fe.
(2) utilize radially that the cross forging method forges the blank that step (1) obtains, obtain the valve seat forging stock; Described radially cross forging method may further comprise the steps: a, with blank jumping-up vertically; B, along two repeatedly upsetting pulls of orthogonal diametric(al) in cross section of described blank; C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.It is many that the method blank deformation direction changes, and steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, to the as-cast structure at broken steel ingot center, forge loose, hole, the defects i.e.cracks that closes steel ingot inside and organize radially equally distributed effect remarkable.The radially cross forging ratio of patent of the present invention adopts the conventional Forging Technology more can be with farthest compactings of genetic defects such as loose in the as cast metal, space and crackles, density and the continuity of metal have been improved, promote simultaneously the as-cast structure kneading, make the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, effectively alleviated the segregation degree of forging.Radially cross forges structure property and the comprehensive mechanical property that has not only effectively excavated material.And because the dense structure of forging stock, even, greatly reduce the residualinternal stress of forging stock, eliminated the internal flaw that causes that stress is concentrated, strengthened the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress and structural stress in modified heat-treatment quenching process, having reduced the hardening crack risk of forging stock, also is a kind of complementation to the hardening flaw that reduces Technology for Heating Processing formation.Radially the purpose of cross forging method is to utilize the variation of blank deformation direction many, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, the effectively broken as cast condition dendrite tissue at steel ingot center, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote simultaneously the kneading of as-cast structure, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation journey of forging tissue.Guarantee that from tissue forging is modified heat treated quenching process subsequently, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break that causes therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.
(3) the valve seat forging stock that step (2) is obtained expands hydrogen heat treatment; The heat treatment of described expansion hydrogen specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(4) the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(5) the valve seat blank that step (4) is obtained carries out normalizing; Wherein, normalizing specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained was heated to 900 ± 20 ℃ and insulation after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.The normalized treatment purpose is to increase high temperature normalizing heat treatment before modified heat treatment, the one, and changed front structural state, the tissue of forging attitude of modified quenching and be tending towards even; The 2nd, the further refinement of forging grain has obtained more tiny uniform quenching structure after the modified quenching, has improved the Strengthening and Toughening performance of material after the modified heat treatment.
(6) the valve seat blank that step (5) is obtained is heated to hardening heat and insulation, comes out of the stove, and utilizes three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment; Wherein, three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (5) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat and insulation, come out of the stove, then carry out successively entering the first time water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, for the first time entering water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8~1.6s/mm, D is the diameter of valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, for the first time air cooling time be 1/2~1/3 of first time entry cool time, after this entry is successively decreased by 0.8~0.7 of previous circulation cool time in each circulation, and the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5~2 of last circulation.Wherein, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the modified heat treated process in the step (6), the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.Quench by three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling, reducing to greatest extent thermal stress that forging heat treatment produces and structural stress, locate the stress that causes in the different circle of valve seat sectional dimension and circle and circle and the transition section of side concentrated, prevent hardening break and the implosion of forging, also obtained even tiny quenching structure simultaneously.
Wherein, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the modified heat treated process, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in the water-cooled process, water is carried out stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, stops to stir when entering water cooling the 4th time.Above-mentioned design is in order to guarantee in the quenching process that vapor film adopts the method that stirs to the harmful effect of martensite transfor mation in the cooling procedure in order to reduce, and, enters for the last time water cooling and stops to stir more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water.
Wherein, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling, the valve seat forging stock that step (5) is obtained was heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and insulation at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling that the valve forging stock is carried out quenching heat treatment.Before quenching heating-up temperature is down to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes by 870 ± 10 ℃, its objective is: reduce hardening heat and can effectively reduce quenching stress, prevent heavy forging hardening crack tendency.
(7) will be heated to 650-670 ℃ through the valve seat blank after step (6) processing and also be incubated at least 680 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove namely obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings to room temperature.
Deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention is selected chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel material with the manufacture method of steel forgings, the blank that our company selects is AISI4130 (MOD), and Forging Technology and Technology for Heating Processing combined the quenching-and-tempering process that namely radially cross Forging Technology and normalizing+water-cooled/three circular gaps of air cooling quench.Not only effectively prevented complex-shaped large forging hardening break, and the deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of making increases substantially with the comprehensive mechanical property of steel forgings especially low-temperature flexibility, can be applicable to well the deep sea low temperature work condition environment.
The comparative example A:
A1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
A2, according to desired structure spare size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on the hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN;
A3, blank advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, and drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height behind the jumping-up is 800mm), again with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm along axially pulling 4 times of steel ingot, time time deflection is 19~20%, and is round as a ball;
A4, the forging stock that steps A 3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, axial jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height behind the jumping-up is 650mm), axially pull out 8 times along steel ingot with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm again, plowing time deflection is 16%~21%, forging and pressing are chopped the pincers handle from all directions;
A5, the forging stock after will processing through steps A 4 enter stove and be heated to 1200 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression is pressed the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 4.3, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature greater than 800 ℃);
A6, steps A 5 is obtained the valve seat forging stock advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 360 minutes air coolings to 300 of 880 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 650 ℃ of insulations 720 minutes after 180 minutes again, stove is chilled to 400 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and expands hydrogen heat treatment after namely forging;
A7, the valve seat forging stock is carried out roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain that circle side makes up special-shaped and contain step valve seat blank,
A8, the valve seat blank after will processing through steps A 7 carry out normalizing, be heated to 900 ℃ and be incubated 420 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature;
A9, the valve seat blank after will processing through steps A 8 quench, heating-up temperature is 870 ℃, temperature retention time is calculated by the per inch of forging maximum cross-section 0.5 hour (minimum be not less than 1 hour), be incubated the shrend of coming out of the stove in 420 minutes, the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃;
A10, the valve seat blank after will processing through steps A 9 carry out tempering, be heated to 420 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove of 660 ℃ of insulations to room temperature.
Embodiment B:
B1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
B2, according to desired structure spare size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on the hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN.Take steel ingot axially as Z-direction, take with the Z-direction plane as XOY plane.Z-direction drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height behind the jumping-up is 800mm).Chop the pincers handle, along steel ingot X-direction (radially) pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 20~25% with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm,
B3, the blank that step B2 is processed advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, X-direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height behind the jumping-up is 650mm), along steel ingot Y-direction (radially) pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 21%~25% with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm.Be 0.80 (height behind the jumping-up is 750mm) along former direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio again, with the wide up and down flat anvil Z-direction (axially) of 600mm pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 18%~21%,
B4, the forging stock that step B3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1100 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression is pressed the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 6.06, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature greater than 800 ℃);
B5, step B4 is obtained the pump valve seat blank advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 360 minutes air coolings to 320 of 900 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 670 ℃ of insulations 720 minutes after 180 minutes again, stove is chilled to 420 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and expands hydrogen heat treatment after namely forging,
B6, the valve seat forging stock is carried out roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain that circle side makes up special-shaped and contain step valve seat blank,
B7, the valve seat blank after will processing through step B6 carry out normalizing, be heated to 920 ℃ and be incubated 420 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove causes room temperature,
B8, the valve seat blank after will processing through step B7 be heated to 880 ℃ and be incubated 300 minutes, stove was chilled to 810 ℃ of insulations after 120 minutes, came out of the stove and carried out three circular gaps quenchings of water-cooled/air cooling, and the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃
B9, the valve seat forging after will processing through step B8 be heated to 670 ℃ and be incubated 680 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
Wherein three circular gap quenchings of step B8 water-cooling process is: the valve seat blank entered water cooling 3 minutes 49 seconds → went out water-air cooling 1 minute 54 seconds → entered water cooling 3 minutes 3 seconds → went out water-air cooling 2 minutes 50 seconds → entered water cooling 2 minutes 26 seconds → went out water-air cooling 4 minutes 15 seconds → enter to be water-cooled to room temperature (about 70min)
Wherein water-cooled/the air cooling time of step B8 circular gap quenching is controlled by the following method:
The first water-cooled time empirical equation that circular gap quenches is pressed the t=KD estimation, and the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8~1.6s/mm, and D is diameter or thickness (mm).T is the quench water cool time, and the unit of t is second.First air cooling time be first the water-cooled time 1/2~1/3, after this water-cooled time successively decreases by 0.8~0.7 of previous circulation in each circulation, during air cooling with increasing progressively by 1.5~2 of last circulation,
Vapor film adopts the method that stirs to the harmful effect of martensite transfor mation in the cooling procedure in order to reduce in the quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water 〉=0.4 meter per second, enters for the last time water cooling and stops to stir;
Embodiment C:
C1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
C2, according to desired structure spare size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on the hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN.Take steel ingot axially as Z-direction, take with the Z-direction plane as XOY plane.Z-direction drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height behind the jumping-up is 800mm).Chop the pincers handle, along steel ingot X-direction (radially) pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 20~25% with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm,
C3, the blank that step C2 is processed advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 180 minutes, X-direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height behind the jumping-up is 650mm), along steel ingot Y-direction (radially) pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 21%~25% with the wide up and down flat anvil of 600mm.Be 0.80 (height behind the jumping-up is 750mm) along former direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio again, with the wide up and down flat anvil Z-direction (axially) of 600mm pulling 4 times, time time deflection is 18%~21%,
C4, the forging stock that step C3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1100 ℃ of insulations and came out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression is pressed the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 6.06, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature greater than 800 ℃);
C5, step C4 is obtained the pump valve seat blank advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 400 minutes air coolings to 280 of 860 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 630 ℃ of insulations 750 minutes after 230 minutes again, stove is chilled to 380 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and expands hydrogen heat treatment after namely forging,
C6, the valve seat forging stock is carried out roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain that circle side makes up special-shaped and contain step valve seat blank,
C7, the valve seat blank after will processing through step C6 carry out normalizing, be heated to 880 ℃ and be incubated 450 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove causes room temperature,
C8, the valve seat blank after will processing through step C7 be heated to 860 ℃ and be incubated 350 minutes, stove was chilled to 790 ℃ of insulations after 150 minutes, came out of the stove and carried out three circular gaps quenchings of water-cooled/air cooling, and the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃
C9, the valve seat forging after will processing through step C8 be heated to 650 ℃ and be incubated 750 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
Wherein three circular gap quenchings of step C8 water-cooling process is: the valve seat blank entered water cooling 5 minutes 14 seconds → went out water-air cooling 1 minute 44 seconds → entered water cooling 3 minutes 40 seconds → went out water-air cooling 3 minutes 29 seconds → entered water cooling 2 minutes 34 seconds → went out water-air cooling 6 minutes 58 seconds → enter to be water-cooled to room temperature (about 70min)
Wherein water-cooled/the air cooling time of step C8 circular gap quenching is controlled by the following method:
The first water-cooled time empirical equation that circular gap quenches is pressed the t=KD estimation, and the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8~1.6s/mm, and D is diameter or thickness (mm).T is the quench water cool time, and the unit of t is second.First air cooling time be first the water-cooled time 1/2~1/3, after this water-cooled time successively decreases by 0.8~0.7 of previous circulation in each circulation, during air cooling with increasing progressively by 1.5~2 of last circulation,
Vapor film adopts the method that stirs to the harmful effect of martensite transfor mation in the cooling procedure in order to reduce in the quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water 〉=0.4 meter per second, enters for the last time water cooling and stops to stir;
Result's contrast:
Table 1
The result of the test analysis-by-synthesis:
The present invention adopts radially cross forging method, it is many to utilize the blank deformation direction to change, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, in conjunction with increasing pulling time time deflection, effectively broken steel ingot center as cast condition dendrite tissue, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote simultaneously the kneading of as-cast structure, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation degree of forging tissue.See also Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, the valve seat forging stock of Embodiment B and C is through the check of cross section coarse micro-grain sample, and the sample macrostructure is fine and close, even, without significantly dendrite tissue and macrostructure's segregation.See also shown in Figure 3, comparative example A's forging method is to adopt repeatedly jumping-up pulling of one direction, but because of the pulling of one direction jumping-up, every time time the anvil drafts is less, deformation extent and deflection do not reach the compacting of forging heart section as-cast structure and the degree that evenly integrates, and the cross section coarse micro-grain sample tissue of valve seat forging stock exists significantly loose hole and component segregation.
The present invention adopts radially cross forging method and three circular gap quenching technical combinations of water-cooled/air cooling, wherein:
Radially the cross forging method makes the valve seat forging stock obtain good as-forged microstructure, the one, guarantee that from tissue forging is modified heat treated quenching process, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break that causes therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.The 2nd, for the modified heat treatment of performance subsequently provides better Preparedness Directorate.See also Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11, the modified heat treatment of the forging of Embodiment B and C has obtained improving the comprehensive mechanical property of valve seat forging take evenly tiny tempered sorbite as main tissue.The mechanical property of material just depends on tissue, organize the mechanical property of good correspondence high, by embodiments of the invention B in the table 1 and Embodiment C data as can be known, the intensity of forging, plasiticity index have reached the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, and low-temperature impact work is far above the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard;
Water-cooled/air cooling circular gap quenching technical has reduced thermal stress and the structural stress of valve seat forging stock greatly, has prevented the formation of forging hardening break and internal fissure.Simultaneously, reduce thermal stress and the structural stress of forging stock from the heat treatment aspect, remedy to greatest extent forging stock and forge tissue defects and be unfavorable for heat treated shape and structure factor, be equivalent to strengthen the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress, structural stress, eliminate the hardening crack risk of forging stock.Therefore, the present invention is the combination of cross forging method and three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling radially, is just right complementation from effect.
Comparative Examples adopts conventional axial upsetting pull technique, and time time anvil drafts is less, and the forging deflection is not enough, has obvious as-forged microstructure defective.The as-forged microstructure defective not only produces easily larger heat treatment stress and concentrates, and causes heat-treatment quenching cracking or implosion.See also Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, coarse microstructure is inhomogeneous after the modified heat treatment of comparative example A, is heterogeneous line and staff control.Organization tree dendritic segregation among Fig. 6, Fig. 7 is obvious, is organized as: tempered sorbite+bainite+granular bainite+a small amount of ferrite, corresponding mechanical property sees Table 1.By the data of the comparative example A in the table as can be known, tensile property exempts to reach by force the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, but-60 ℃ of ballistic works do not satisfy demand of technical standard.
Comparative Examples of the present invention is owing to having as-forged microstructure defective, valve seat shape and structure complexity and the caused larger thermal stress of continuous water hardening and structural stress, except mechanical property is difficult to satisfy the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard.Valve seat forging hardening crack is arranged in the time of in modified heat-treatment quenching process or put and split generation.From the valve seat forging stock that adopts radially cross Forging Technology of the present invention and make with the process combination that three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling quench, not only the intensity of forging stock, plasiticity index have reached the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, low-temperature impact work is far above outside the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, and stopped forging stock in the hardening crack, the implosion that occur or put to split phenomenon in modified heat-treatment quenching process.The mechanical performance data of embodiment of the invention C and Embodiment B is coincide good, shows that process stabilizing of the present invention is reliable.
In addition, the hardening media of water-cooled of the present invention/air cooling circular gap quenching technical is water, water cheap, and quenching need not increase any equipment, can reduce the heat treatment cost.Water-cooled of the present invention/air cooling circular gap quenching technical can replace water quenching and oil-cooling, has avoided oil smoke or fire to environment with to operating personnel's physical impairment.
Claims (10)
1. the manufacture method of a deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat usefulness steel forgings is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, utilize radially that the cross forging method forges described blank, obtain the valve seat forging stock;
(2) the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained expands hydrogen heat treatment;
(3) the valve seat forging stock that step (2) is obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(4) the valve seat blank that step (3) is obtained carries out normalizing;
(5) the valve seat blank that step (4) is obtained utilizes three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment; (6) will be heated to 650-670 ℃ through the valve seat forging after step (5) processing and also be incubated at least 680 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove namely obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings to room temperature.
2. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, described chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, all the other are Fe.
3. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with the manufacture method of steel forgings, described in the step (2) radially the cross forging method may further comprise the steps:
A, with blank jumping-up vertically;
B, along two repeatedly upsetting pulls of orthogonal diametric(al) in cross section of described blank;
C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.
4. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, expanding hydrogen heat treatment described in the step (2) specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations more than 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
5. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, normalizing specifically may further comprise the steps described in the step (4): the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained was heated to 900 ± 20 ℃ and insulation after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
6. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling described in the step (5) specifically may further comprise the steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (4) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat and insulation, come out of the stove, then carry out successively entering the first time water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, for the first time entering water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8~1.6s/mm, D is the diameter of valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, air cooling time is for the first time entry 1/2~l/3 of cool time for the first time, and after this entry is successively decreased by 0.8~0.7 of previous circulation cool time in each circulation, and the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5~2 of last circulation.
7. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling described in the step (5), the valve seat forging stock that step (4) is obtained was heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and insulation at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling that the valve forging stock is carried out quenching heat treatment.
8. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the process of quenching heat treatment in the step (5), the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.
9. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 6 is with the manufacture method of steel forgings, it is characterized in that, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in the process of quenching heat treatment, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in the water-cooled process, water is carried out stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, stops to stir when entering water cooling the 4th time.
10. deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with the manufacture method of steel forgings described blank is AISI 4130(MOD).
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