CN102247003B - Closed dehumidifying type tobacco curing house and tobacco curing method - Google Patents
Closed dehumidifying type tobacco curing house and tobacco curing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102247003B CN102247003B CN 201110204554 CN201110204554A CN102247003B CN 102247003 B CN102247003 B CN 102247003B CN 201110204554 CN201110204554 CN 201110204554 CN 201110204554 A CN201110204554 A CN 201110204554A CN 102247003 B CN102247003 B CN 102247003B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a closed dehumidifying type tobacco curing house and a tobacco curing method. The closed dehumidifying type tobacco curing house comprises a tobacco curing house, wherein an air heater is arranged in the tobacco curing house; an air cooler is arranged outside the tobacco curing house; a condensation board is arranged on the side wall of the tobacco curing house; and a water collection tank is arranged below the condensation board. The condensation board consists of an indoor-side moist heat condensation surface and an outdoor-side cold air radiating surface, wherein the indoor-side moist heat condensation surface and the outdoor-side cold air radiating surface are both provided with multiple separation plates and heat exchange fins. The closed dehumidifying type tobacco curing house disclosed by the invention does not directly perform convectional exchange between damp and hot air in the tobacco curing house and the outdoor cold air, thus bringing about little heat loss; and meanwhile, heat energy is released in the process of the damp and hot gas changed into droplets so as to save energy and reduce the curing cost. As the damp and hot air in the curing house does not need to be discharged abundantly, the more flavor generated by the tobacco leaf in the curing process is better attached to the tobacco leaf, thereby not only increasing the net weight of tobacco leaf and increasing the income of tobacco growers, but also ensuring the quality of the cured natural tobacco leaf.
Description
Technical field
The present invention and a kind of closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house and flue-cured tobacco method belong to tobacco flue-cured tobacco field.
Background technology
After putting the tobacco leaf of gathering into tobacco flue-curing house, because the leaf abscission parent, its breathing is proceeded, and continues up to the activity of losing one's life.In this section process: through the temperature in the manual adjustment tobacco flue-curing house, humidity, make blade interior that a series of biochemical reactions take place, inclusion is constantly decomposed, transforms, is synthesized, thereby accomplishes the modulation of tobacco leaf.The flue-cured tobacco modulation hangs the fresh tobacco leaf of plucking exactly or is in bulk in tobacco flue-curing house, and through temperature, the humidity around the manual adjustment tobacco leaf, the indoor flue-cured tobacco of tobacco flue-curing house district hot-air descends or ascending motion, carries out damp and hot exchange with tobacco leaf.Through flavescence-fixation-processes such as dried muscle, inhale quality dry tobacco leaf preferably thereby obtain required chemistry coordination, sense organ article.
The tobacco flue-curing process is exactly the coordination regulation process of temperature, humidity; Temperature is through consumes energy; Add like: circulations such as electricity, coal, bavin that hot-air realizes; And the adjusting of humidity mainly is initiatively to get rid of the damp-heat air in the tobacco flue-curing house through outdoor air intake pressure reduction, that is: ventilation dewetting is realized.In the tobacco flue-curing process, according to the modulated process needs of tobacco leaf, reach the purpose that reduces humidity through effluxing hot and humid air, be the important step of flue-cured tobacco, and hydrofuge adopt ventilation supercharging hydrofuge.Though reached the effect of drying well; But the non-closed system in air circulation system inside and outside the tobacco flue-curing house and tobacco leaf chemical change district has also been taken away the aromatic substance of a large amount of heat energy and tobacco leaf generation simultaneously; Thereby in loss heat energy, tobacco leaf fragrance is affected.
Different phase at flue-cured tobacco is different to temperature, humidity requirement; As; In the tobacco flue-curing middle and later periods: one side needs higher temperature to realize tobacco leaf cell physiological evaporation of water; A large amount of again on the other hand ventilation dewettings promote the variation of tobacco leaf chemical composition, and this process has also been taken away a large amount of heat energy.
In whole tobacco leaf baking process, mostly the circulating air in the concentrated type tobacco flue-curing house is the damp-heat air that temperature is higher, humidity is bigger.Conventional dehumanization method initiatively extracts outdoor cold air, in tobacco flue-curing house, forms pressure reduction; And then discharge damp-heat air; Form interior damp-heat air of tobacco flue-curing house and outdoor cross-ventilation exchange, so not only a large amount of loses heat cause tobacco leaf aroma beyond the region of objective existence to let out simultaneously; And because tobacco flue-curing house is built in half high mountain area more, outdoor rain, greasy weather are more, and this moment, suction chamber external cooling humid air can not effectively dehumidify, and also possibly produce the negative interaction that is unfavorable for the tobacco leaf baking.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house and flue-cured tobacco method, to the shortcoming of conventional tobacco flue-curing house dehumanization method, utilizes the tobacco flue-curing house indoor/outdoor temperature-difference.Relative low-temperature space is provided with a dewfall plate in tobacco flue-curing house.Utilize outdoor air-cooler fan; Agitate outdoor cold air that the dewfall plate outside is constantly lowered the temperature; Damp-heat air that in tobacco flue-curing house, circulates and dewfall plate inner surface meet, and its temperature will inevitably reduce rapidly, make inboard local hot and humid gas be in humidity relative saturation and even hypersaturated state.Thereby in a large amount of dewfall of dewfall plate inner surface, separate out the globule, and the water leg of afflux side-lower in the dewfall plate, outdoor through the pipeline discharge at last, the purpose of the energy-conservation dehumidifying of realization tobacco flue-curing house.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house comprises tobacco flue-curing house; The indoor air-heater that is provided with of tobacco flue-curing house; The outdoor air-cooler that is provided with of tobacco flue-curing house, said tobacco flue-curing house sidewall is provided with the dewfall plate, and dewfall plate below is provided with water leg.
Said dewfall plate is provided with demarcation strip, and the dewfall plate is divided into the damp and hot dewfall face in indoor, outside cold wind radiating surface through demarcation strip, and the damp and hot dewfall face in said indoor, outside cold wind radiating surface are equipped with a plurality of heat exchange wings.
Said tobacco flue-curing house is provided with sunshading board.
Said dewfall plate is by welding of stainless steel plate or aluminium alloy compression casting moulding.
A kind of flue-cured tobacco method of carrying out according to closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house:
1), the yellowing stage in the flue-cured tobacco comprises two steps; Step 1: tobacco flue-curing house is warming up to 34～38 ℃ with 1 ℃ the speed of per hour heating up; Keep wet-bulb temperature lower 1～2.5 ℃ than dry-bulb temperature; Relative humidity is up to 83%-95% in the tobacco flue-curing house, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 38.6～44.2mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 33.5～36.2 ℃.Tobacco flue-curing house keeps high humidity environment; Step 2: tobacco flue-curing house is warming up to 40～42 ℃, keeps 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, and relative humidity is 65%～80% in the tobacco flue-curing house, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 37.64～46.32mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 33.3～36.9 ℃, carries out hydrofuge in right amount;
2), the fixation stage in the flue-cured tobacco comprises two steps; Step 1: the tobacco flue-curing house temperature is about 46～48 ℃; Wet-bulb temperature should be controlled at 37～39 ℃; The interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house this moment is 45%～62%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.83～49.37mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.4～38.2 ℃; Step 2: temperature improves 54～55 ℃ in the speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in average 2～3 hours in the tobacco flue-curing house; Wet-bulb temperature slowly raises and remains on 37～40 ℃; Relative humidity is 29%～39% in the tobacco flue-curing house; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 33.84～45.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 31.4～36.7 ℃, progressively strengthens the hydrofuge amount simultaneously;
3), the dried muscle in the flue-cured tobacco is in the stage; Tobacco flue-curing house is warming up to 68 ℃ with 1 ℃ the speed of per hour heating up, and keeps 41～42 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, and relative humidity is 16%～20% in the tobacco flue-curing house; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.61～44.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.3～36.2 ℃.
Dewfall plate of the present invention is divided into the damp and hot dewfall face in indoor, outside cold wind radiating surface.The damp and hot dewfall face in indoor, dewfall heat exchange wing are tackled indoor damp-heat air big windage are provided, and damp-heat air is had more herein slow down, and strengthen the dewfall effect.Outside cold wind radiating surface, cold wind heat radiation exchange wing provides certain windage to outdoor cold air, and outdoor cold air more promptly streaks cold wind heat radiation exchange wing, helps taking away rapidly the heat that conduction is come.The corresponding equivalent area S that increases the dewfall plate greatly of a plurality of heat exchange wings has simultaneously correspondingly also increased certain dewfall plate equivalent thickness D.
Tobacco flue-curing house is provided with sunshading board, prevents outdoor air-cooler of sun direct projection and dewfall plate, causes that outdoor temperature is too high, hinders the normal cold and hot exchange effect of tobacco flue-curing house.
The dewfall plate is made simply by welding of stainless steel plate or aluminium alloy compression casting moulding, and is fit to produce in batches.
The present invention does not directly carry out damp-heat air and outdoor convective exchange than cold air in the tobacco flue-curing house, and thermal loss is little; In the process of the hot and humid gas change globule, discharge heat energy simultaneously, thereby practiced thrift the energy, reduced the baking cost; Increased tobacco grower's income.Owing to need the damp-heat air in the tobacco flue-curing house not discharged in a large number, accomplish the interior circulation of sealing of air in the tobacco flue-curing house, the aromatic substance that tobacco leaf is produced in baking keeps concentration stabilize and non-volatile, indiffusion; Can be better, more attached on the tobacco leaf; Can not only increase the dry tobacco leaf net weight, increase tobacco grower's income, and the natural fragrance tobacco leaf that bakes like this; Cigarette industry likes that the cigarette of production is more vulnerable to consumer's welcome.Do not suck outdoor cold air and go in the tobacco flue-curing house, avoided outdoor rain, greasy weather fully more for a long time, suction chamber external cooling humid air is to the harmful effect of indoor tobacco leaf modulation.Through moisture is become the globule, collect utilization again to water, thereby practiced thrift precious water resource.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further:
Fig. 1 is a tobacco flue-curing house structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a tobacco flue-curing house of the present invention indoor damp and hot dewfall face structural representation;
Fig. 3 is a tobacco flue-curing house of the present invention outside cold wind radiating surface structural representation.
The specific embodiment
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, a kind of closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house comprises tobacco flue-curing house 1, the tobacco flue-curing house 1 indoor air-heater 2 that is provided with, and the tobacco flue-curing house 1 outdoor air-cooler 3 that is provided with, said tobacco flue-curing house 1 sidewall is provided with dewfall plate 4, and dewfall plate 4 belows are provided with water leg 5.Said dewfall plate 4 is provided with demarcation strip 8, and dewfall plate 4 is divided into the damp and hot dewfall face in indoor 6, outside cold wind radiating surface 7 through demarcation strip 8, and the damp and hot dewfall face in said indoor 6, outside cold wind radiating surface 7 are equipped with a plurality of heat exchange wings 9.Said tobacco flue-curing house 1 is provided with sunshading board 10.
The heat exchange wing 9 of the damp and hot dewfall face 6 in said indoor is a dewfall heat exchange wing.
The heat exchange wing 9 of said outside cold wind radiating surface 7 is cold wind heat radiation exchange wing.
Said dewfall plate 4 is welded by the stainless steel plate, and batch process can be by an extrusion modling of die casting aluminium.
The present invention makes full use of half high mountain area indoor/outdoor temperature-difference, and especially early, evening and night dehumidify, even half high mountain is regional, outdoor rain, greasy weather are more, and apparatus of the present invention effect on moisture extraction is not had influence basically.
The wind speed of effect on moisture extraction and concrete structure, area and outdoor air-cooler 3 fans of dewfall plate 4, air quantity etc. are relevant.Strengthen dehumidifying, generally can take to strengthen wind speed, the air quantity of outdoor air-cooler 3 fans, or strengthen the methods such as area of dewfall plate 4 simultaneously; Stop dehumidifying, only need stop air-cooler 3 fan runnings simply and get final product.
The dehumidifying parameter of dewfall plate 4 is analyzed:
Q?=?K*S*(T1-T2)/D
The heat transfer efficiency Q of dewfall plate 4 is directly proportional with the thermal conductivity K of its material, the equivalent area S of dewfall plate 4, the temperature difference T1-T2 on dewfall plate 4 two sides, is inversely proportional to the equivalent thickness D of dewfall plate 4.
To the actual application environment of flue-cured tobacco of the present invention, the temperature difference T1-T2 on dewfall plate 4 two sides should remain on more than 5 ℃ at least, so outside air temperature is with practical value 30 ℃ and following.Increase heat exchange wing 9 on dewfall plate 4 structures, the corresponding equivalent area S that increases dewfall plate 4 greatly, the corresponding equivalent thickness D that has also increased certain dewfall plate 4 simultaneously.
The flue-cured tobacco method of carrying out according to closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house: three stages of flue-cured tobacco: yellowing stage, fixation stage, dried muscle stage.
1, yellowing stage:
The first step, after tobacco leaf is filled, the tobacco flue-curing house 1 of obturaging; After the igniting, 1 ℃ speed is raised to 34～38 ℃ of (southwest and 34～35 ℃ in southern cigarette district, 35～36 ℃ in northeast cigarette districts with tobacco flue-curing house 1 temperature per hour to heat up; 36～38 ℃ in the Yellow River and Huai He River cigarette district), keep wet-bulb temperature lower 1～2.5 ℃ than dry-bulb temperature, this moment, tobacco flue-curing house 1 interior relative humidity was up to 83%-95%; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 38.6～44.2mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 33.5～36.2 ℃.The canopy tobacco leaf changes to more than 80% about eighty per cant Huang the end of up to, is the cyan except that leaf base, cigarette muscle and cigarette muscle both sides promptly, and it is yellow that blade is, and blade begins to feel like jelly.Require to keep high humidity environment in this stage tobacco flue-curing house 1, the hydrofuge requirement is seldom arranged.
Second step was elevated to 40～42 ℃ with tobacco flue-curing house 1 temperature, kept 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, and this moment, tobacco flue-curing house 1 interior relative humidity was 65%～80%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 37.64～46.32mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 33.3～36.9 ℃.Usually will carry out hydrofuge in right amount, make tobacco leaf reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, promptly the blue or green master pulse of the little band of pornographic movie blue veins feels like jelly.This stage makes the deliquescing of tobacco leaf master pulse, and the yellow phenomenon of cirrhosis that prevents a tobacco leaf not deliquescing of flavescence takes place.
Whole yellowing stage requires little fire, for the big tobacco leaf hydrofuge of moisture, keeps wet-bulb depression to enlarge 1～2 ℃ than normal tobacco leaf; For the little tobacco leaf of moisture, except tight preserving moisture, it is wet in tobacco flue-curing house 1, to add the water benefit in case of necessity, and improves the flavescence degree of tobacco leaf.Wet-bulb temperature is low excessively, is unfavorable for the conversion of starch, pigment, protein, even roasting blue or green cigarette can occur.
2, the fixation stage:
The main purpose in fixation stage makes blade dry exactly, thereby yellow is fixed up, and will prevent brown simultaneously.Therefore to strengthen gradually and make a fire, progressively continue to increase the hydrofuge amount.Temperature improves 54～55 ℃ in the speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in average 2～3 hours in the room; Wet-bulb temperature slowly raises and remains on 37～40 ℃; This moment, tobacco flue-curing house 1 interior relative humidity was 29%～39%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 33.84～45.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 31.4～36.7 ℃.When baking tobacco leaves moisture was big, wet-bulb temperature should be controlled at 37～38 ℃.
About 46～48 ℃, tobacco leaf will reach the yellow muscle of pornographic movie and collude point and be crimped to little reel.Before this temperature; Programming rate suitable slow (heating up 1 ℃ in average about 3 hours), wet-bulb temperature should be controlled at 37～39 ℃, and this moment, tobacco flue-curing house 1 interior relative humidity was 45%～62%; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.83～49.37mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.4～38.2 ℃.Make the abundant flavescence of cigarette muscle; After this programming rate can add near 1 ℃ of intensification in 1～2 hour, and wet-bulb temperature remains on 37～40 ℃.To prolong time enough at 54～55 ℃, will make tobacco leaf reach parent roll on the one hand, note on the other hand making the leaf back canescence become yellow (mainly being thicker tobacco leaf).The too high tobacco leaf that will cause of this stage wet-bulb temperature is roasting bad, crosses to hang down both to be unfavorable for quality of tobacco also can causing waste of fuel.
The fixation stage is when wanting big hydrofuge, and dehumidification equipment must oepration at full load, burns big fire; When float wet, dehumidification equipment need only intermittent duty, burns little fire.Whole fixation process programming rate speed will be grasped at the flavescence speed of yellowing stage according to tobacco leaf, and the tobacco leaf that every flavescence is fast will heat up soon, fast hydrofuge, fast fixation; The tobacco leaf slow for flavescence then must heat up slowly, slow hydrofuge, slow fixation.Tobacco leaf fixation process will avoid the violent liter of dry-bulb temperature to fall suddenly.
3, the dried muscle stage:
1 ℃ speed makes tobacco flue-curing house 1 temperature bring up to 68 ℃ per hour to heat up; To reduce the operation of hydrofuge equipment therebetween gradually; Be beneficial to and improve temperature and energy-conservation, to keep 41～42 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, this moment, tobacco flue-curing house 1 interior relative humidity was 16%～20%; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.61～44.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.3～36.2 ℃.Wet-bulb temperature is crossed to hang down and will be unfavorable for promoting tobacco leaf color and colourity, also causes waste of fuel; Too high can formation again baked red cigarette.
The present invention mainly is applicable to air-flow ascending manner tobacco flue-curing house 1; Change slightly, also can be applicable to air-flow descending manner tobacco flue-curing house 1 fully, basic demand remains: relative low-temperature space in tobacco flue-curing house 1; One dewfall plate 4 is set, and particular location is the outer wall of fan downside of indoor air-heater 2.Because also there is the dewfall situation on air-flow descending manner tobacco flue-curing house 1 ground, when design improvement dewfall water leg 5, should consider the ground dewfall globule is collected simultaneously, discharge outdoor through drainpipe 11 in the lump.400 jin of dried cigarettes of one a heatable brick bed can produce the water more than 3000 jin, thereby have practiced thrift precious water resource.
Claims (4)
1. flue-cured tobacco method that adopts closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house and carry out; It is characterized in that: comprise tobacco flue-curing house (1); The indoor air-heater (2) that is provided with of tobacco flue-curing house (1); The outdoor air-cooler (3) that is provided with of tobacco flue-curing house (1), said tobacco flue-curing house (1) sidewall is provided with dewfall plate (4), and dewfall plate (4) below is provided with water leg (5);
1), the yellowing stage in the flue-cured tobacco comprises two steps; Step 1: tobacco flue-curing house (1) is warming up to 34～38 ℃ with 1 ℃ the speed of per hour heating up; Keep wet-bulb temperature lower 1～2.5 ℃ than dry-bulb temperature, the interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house (1) is up to 83%-95%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 38.6～44.2mmHg; Corresponding dewpoint is 33.5～36.2 ℃, and tobacco flue-curing house (1) keeps high humidity environment; Step 2: tobacco flue-curing house (1) is warming up to 40～42 ℃; Keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, the interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house (1) is 65%～80%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 37.64～46.32mmHg; Corresponding dewpoint is 33.3～36.9 ℃, carries out hydrofuge in right amount;
2), the fixation stage in the flue-cured tobacco comprises two steps; Step 1: tobacco flue-curing house (1) temperature is about 46～48 ℃; Wet-bulb temperature should be controlled at 37～39 ℃; The interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house (1) this moment is 45%～62%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.83～49.37mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.4～38.2 ℃; Step 2: the interior temperature of tobacco flue-curing house (1) is being brought up to 54～55 ℃ with the speed of 1 ℃ of intensification in average 2～3 hours; Wet-bulb temperature slowly raises and remains on 37～40 ℃; The interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house (1) is 29%～39%; Corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 33.84～45.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 31.4～36.7 ℃, progressively strengthens the hydrofuge amount simultaneously;
3), the dried muscle in the flue-cured tobacco is in the stage; Tobacco flue-curing house (1) is warming up to 68 ℃ with 1 ℃ the speed of per hour heating up; Keep 41～42 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature; The interior relative humidity of tobacco flue-curing house (1) is 16%～20%, and corresponding steam dividing potential drop is 35.61～44.51mmHg, and corresponding dewpoint is 32.3～36.2 ℃.
2. according to the said a kind of flue-cured tobacco method that adopts closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house to carry out of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said dewfall plate (4) is provided with demarcation strip (8); Dewfall plate (4) is divided into the damp and hot dewfall face in indoor (6), outside cold wind radiating surface (7) through demarcation strip (8), and the damp and hot dewfall face in said indoor (6), outside cold wind radiating surface (7) are equipped with a plurality of heat exchange wings (9).
3. according to the said a kind of flue-cured tobacco method that adopts closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house to carry out of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said tobacco flue-curing house (1) is provided with sunshading board (10).
4. according to claim 1 or 2 said a kind of flue-cured tobacco methods that adopt closed row wet type tobacco flue-curing house to carry out, it is characterized in that: said dewfall plate (4) is by welding of stainless steel plate or aluminium alloy compression casting moulding.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8800571B2 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-08-12 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method and system for moist tobacco extract isolation |
| CN102715636B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2016-12-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco novel preparation method of low nicotine amount low tar amount |
| CN102987540B (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-25 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Tobacco leaf prewilting baking process for bulk curing barn |
| CN104305509B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2017-02-15 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | Bulk curing barn waste heat circulating and dehumidifying energy-saving system and application thereof |
| CN105831791B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2017-11-07 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | A kind of intensive baking process of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN112998301B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2023-04-07 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓分公司 | Soft-roasting bright-roasting method for braised and braised row roasting of flue-cured tobaccos |
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| JP2003516723A (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2003-05-20 | ケリー・スコット・レーン | Methods and systems for assaying and removing toxic toxins during processing of tobacco products |
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