CN102246828B - Plant induction agent as well as application and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant induction agent as well as application and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant induction agent as well as application and a preparation method thereof. The plant induction agent at least comprises Chinese medicinal extracts prepared by mixing and extracting Chinese herbal materials, wherein the Chinese herbal materials comprise clove, weeping forsythia and manchurian wildginger. The plant induction agent is used as an induction agent of cucurbitaceae crops and is used for preventing downy mildew. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: crushing and mixing the Chinese herbal materials; adding water and decocting; and separating supernate. The effect of the plant induction agent is the same as that of benzothiadiazole (BTH), salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OAA), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and other chemical agents; andthe plant induction agent has the advantages of wide source range, simple and easy preparation process, no pollution or public hazard and no adverse influence on people, animals and plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant derivant, its purposes, and preparation method thereof, refer in particular to Chinese medical extract plant derivant for ground family crop and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, about research and the application of plant disease inducer caused people's great attention, and having expanded to the research of chemical inducer by the initial research of inducing bacterium, benzo thiadiazole (BTH), salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OAA), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) all can significantly induce muskmelon to the resistance of powdery mildew.The suitableeest induced concentration of above-mentioned derivant is respectively BTH 0.25mmol/L, SA 1.0mmoL/L, OAA 30mmoL/L, Na
2SiO
310mmoL/L, it induces effect to be respectively: 67.4%, 49.9%, 43.4% and 34.9%.But major defect is the inconvenience of chemical reagent source, storage of hazardous, cost height, preparation trouble.The plant resource derivant is with its low toxicity, selectivity height, easily degraded, obtained new opportunity to develop with unique advantages such as Environmental compatibility are good.
At present existing a lot of about the research of plant derivant, have various plants extract such as research report Chinese cassia tree all multiple germs such as withered germ of water-melon to be had obvious bacteriostatic activity effect, and some bacteriostatic activity is extremely strong, its bacteriostatic activity can reach 100%; Chen Zhimin etc. utilize the acetone infusion process to extract antiviral active substance in 11 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as ginkgo, argy wormwood, rheum officinale, Asian puccoon, sweet wormwood and levisticum, prevent and treat watermelon mosaic virus No. 2 at custard squash, the acetone extract of discovery sweet wormwood and levisticum reaches 47.68% and 49.07% respectively to the relative control effect of watermelon mosaic disease, be significantly higher than contrast, have preventive effect preferably.The induction of resistance of Jiang Jizhi etc. have adopted the cellulose membrane technical research 24 kinds of plant in vitro tissues such as garlic, onion, celery, cloves, Chinese prickly ash, rheum officinale and extract Phytophthora infestans thereof, the stem tuber section of processing is induced in discovery through 8 kinds of plant tissue extracts, long fresh-keeping period not only, and show stronger induction of resistance; Kingdom's equality has been screened the water extract of two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine roots of purple-flowered peucedanum, the root of Dahurain angelica, but their inducing paddy rices are to the resistance of rice blast and the wheat resistance to head blight.
Plant extraction liquid is a kind of mixture, still indeterminate to its active component, and along with the fast development of Modern Analytical Instrument, the separation evaluation of compound and becoming better and approaching perfection day by day of bioactivity screening method are for the exploitation of plant resource derivant provides unprecedented opportunity.
Muskmelon downy mildew is as one of main disease of muskmelon, generation is arranged every year, especially in the rainy time in 7-8 month, often cause a large amount of blades withered, even whole strain is withered in advance, cause and wilt, sugar content, output and the commodity rate of fruit all caused direct influence, having a strong impact on agricultural and expanding economy.Since lack good disease-resistant variety at present, the methods that adopt pesticide control in the production more, but because these medicaments are long service time, and germ has produced resistance, effect obviously reduces.Zhao Jie studies have shown that the extract of cacumen biotae, Folium Pini, wartwort cauline leaf, tomato stem-leaf and Folium Xanthii all has prevention effect preferably to muskmelon downy mildew, and to the research of other derivants, rests on the bacteriostatic activity stage more.To other effective plant derivants of downy mildew and induce the research of mechanism not appear in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provided a kind of low toxicity, selectivity height, easily degraded, with good Chinese medical extract plant derivant that is used for ground family crop of Environmental compatibility and preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme that solves the technology of the present invention problem is:
A kind of plant derivant comprises the Chinese medical extract that is made through mixing, extraction by traditional Chinese medicine at least, and described traditional Chinese medicine comprises cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger.
Further be improved to, the weight proportion of described cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger is cloves 20%-40%, capsule of weeping forsythia 20%-40%, root of Chinese wild ginger 20%-40%.
Preferred weight proportion is that the weight ratio of described cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger is 1: 1: 1.
Described plant derivant, it is as ground family crop such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, the derivant of custard squash etc. is used for prevention ground family crop downy mildew, climing rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose etc., is particularly useful for muskmelon crop and downy mildew resistance.
Its using method: in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, respectively spray 1-2 time in different growing, working concentration is 0.5mg/ml-1.5mg/ml.
The preparation method of described plant derivant, it comprises the steps: that water is pulverized, mixed, adds to traditional Chinese medicine boils, separates clear liquid.Described cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia, the root of Chinese wild ginger need full stalwartness well-balanced, with drying behind the running water wash clean.The gained clear liquid leaves 0-4 ℃ interior preservation of refrigerator in, adds suitable distilled water diluting to concentration when using and is 1mg traditional Chinese medicine total amount/ml water.
Further be improved to, described when adding water and boiling, every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 50ml-150ml.
Moreover described when adding water and boiling, boiling temperature is 80 ℃-100 ℃.
The effect of this Chinese herbal medicine extract plant derivant is equal to benzo thiadiazole (BTH), salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OAA), sodium silicate (Na
2SiO
3) wait chemical agent, but its wide material sources, the convenience of drawing materials is not subjected to the restriction of time, space and region, all can buy at any time in general pharmacy, and cheap, preparation process is simply easy, and is pollution-free nuisanceless, and the people and animals plant is not had harmful effect.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of specification, is used from explanation the present invention with embodiments of the invention one, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 connects bacterium to the influence of muskmelon seedling leaves MDA content after several derivants of the present invention are handled;
Fig. 2 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves content of lignin behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves HRGP behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves POD behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves PAL activity behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves PPO activity behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves CHI activity behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the variation that muskmelon seedling leaves GLU activity behind the bacterium was handled+connect to several derivants of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the variation of several derivants processing in seedling stage of the present invention and downy mildew inoculation back chlorophyll total amount;
Figure 10 is the variation of several derivants processing in seedling stage of the present invention and downy mildew inoculation back chlorophyll a/b;
Figure 11 is the variation of several derivants processing in seedling stage of the present invention and downy mildew inoculation back muskmelon seedling Car;
Figure 12 is that derivant of the present invention is handled and downy mildew inoculates the back to the influence of blade Net Photosynthetic Rate;
Figure 13 is that several derivants of the present invention are handled and downy mildew inoculates the back to the influence of leaf stomatal conductance;
Figure 14 is that several derivants of the present invention are handled and downy mildew inoculates the back to blade intercellular CO
2The influence of concentration;
Figure 15 is that different times derivant of the present invention is handled the influence to melon fruit expanding stage Net Photosynthetic Rate.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of plant derivant is respectively 20%, 40%, 40% traditional Chinese medicine cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger by weight proportion and mixes, extracts the Chinese medical extract that makes.
The preparation method comprises the steps: to dry after the traditional Chinese medicine that full stalwartness is well-balanced is with the running water wash clean, pulverize, mix, adding water boils (every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 50ml, boiling temperature is 80 ℃), separates clear liquid and leave in 0-4 ℃ the refrigerator and preserve.
Described Chinese medical extract is used for ground family crop such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, the derivant of custard squash etc., be used for prevention ground family crop downy mildew, climing rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose etc., add suitable distilled water diluting to concentration when using and be 1mg traditional Chinese medicine total amount/ml water, in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, once get final product in each spray of different growing.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of plant derivant is respectively 40%, 20%, 40% traditional Chinese medicine cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger by weight proportion and mixes, extracts the Chinese medical extract that makes.
The preparation method comprises the steps: to dry after the traditional Chinese medicine that full stalwartness is well-balanced is with the running water wash clean, pulverize, mix, adding water boils (every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 100ml, boiling temperature is 90 ℃), separates clear liquid and leave in 0-4 ℃ the refrigerator and preserve.
Described Chinese medical extract is used for ground family crop such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, the derivant of custard squash etc., be used for prevention ground family crop downy mildew, climing rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose etc., add suitable distilled water diluting to concentration when using and be 1mg traditional Chinese medicine total amount/ml water, in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, once get final product in each spray of different growing.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of plant derivant is respectively 40%, 40%, 20% traditional Chinese medicine cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger by weight proportion and mixes, extracts the Chinese medical extract that makes.
The preparation method comprises the steps: to dry after the traditional Chinese medicine that full stalwartness is well-balanced is with the running water wash clean, pulverize, mix, adding water boils (every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 150ml, boiling temperature is 100 ℃), separates clear liquid and leave in 0-4 ℃ the refrigerator and preserve.
Described Chinese medical extract is used for ground family crop such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, the derivant of custard squash etc., be used for prevention ground family crop downy mildew, climing rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose etc., add suitable distilled water diluting to concentration when using and be 1mg traditional Chinese medicine total amount/ml water, in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, once get final product in each spray of different growing.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of plant derivant is respectively 33%, 33%, 34% traditional Chinese medicine cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger by weight proportion and mixes, extracts the Chinese medical extract that makes.
The preparation method comprises the steps: to dry after the traditional Chinese medicine that full stalwartness is well-balanced is with the running water wash clean, pulverize, mix, adding water boils (every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 100ml, boiling temperature is 90 ℃), separates clear liquid and leave in 0-4 ℃ the refrigerator and preserve.
Described Chinese medical extract is used for ground family crop such as watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, the derivant of custard squash etc., be used for prevention ground family crop downy mildew, climing rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose etc., add suitable distilled water diluting to concentration when using and be 1mg traditional Chinese medicine total amount/ml water, in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, once get final product in each spray of different growing.
Certainly, it should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can make amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing (adding some kinds of chemical medicines or other traditional Chinese medicine as the basis at three kinds of traditional Chinese medicines), perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
When described plant derivant is used for prevention muskmelon downy mildew, as follows with the comparative trial of other derivants:
1.1 material
Supplying the examination melon variety is silver-colored Supreme Being and the match of OK a karaoke club gram, is provided by melon research institute of Gansu Agriculture University.The match of OK a karaoke club gram has another name called Jiashi's melon, is the famous Hami melon kind of China, susceptible downy mildew; The silver Supreme Being is the main breed of the Northwest in recent years, high downy mildew resistance.
For trying bacterial classification: muskmelon Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) is provided by the academy of agricultural sciences, Gansu Province.
Reagent agent: BTH (University of Sydney, Australia provides); SA, OAA (Tianjin is recovered chemical Co., Ltd and produced); Arbor-vitae (picking up from the agricultural university campus), tomato stem-leaf (picking up from greenhouse, academy of agricultural sciences, Gansu Province); Onion, garlic, leek (purchasing in Anning District peach sea market field, Lanzhou); Chinese herbal medicine: cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia, the root of Chinese wild ginger, sulphur, alum, kuh-seng, frutus cnidii, Chinese prickly ash, Siberian cocklebur, golden cypress (purchasing in peacefulness the Yellow River, Lanzhou pharmaceuticals).
1.2 method
1.2.1 the preparation of spore suspension
Pluck the fresh muskmelon downy mildew blade in field, rinse out top old spore with running water, the 24h that preserves moisture under 18～19 ℃ impels fresh sporangial generation.Dip in distilled water with writing brush fresh spore is flushed in the beaker, it being diluted to concentration is the suspension that 10～15 spores are contained in each visual field of 10 * microscopically again.
1.2.2 test is handled
1.2.2.1 the screening of derivant kind and concentration
Matching with the OK a karaoke club gram is the examination material, treat that seedling grows to five leaves during one heart stage, adopts the chemicals treatment of following concentration: BTH (0.3mmol/L, 0.5mmol/L, 0.7mmol/L), SA (0.5mmoL/L, 1.0mmoL/L, 1.5mmoL/L), OAA (15mmol/L, 30mmol/L, 45mmol/L), arbor-vitae (0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml), tomato stem-leaf (0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml), green onion garlic class (0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml), Chinese herbal medicine I (sulphur, alum, kuh-seng, frutus cnidii, Chinese prickly ash: 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml), Chinese herbal medicine II (cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia, the root of Chinese wild ginger: 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml), Chinese herbal medicine III (kuh-seng, Siberian cocklebur, golden cypress: 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml).Processing method is handled the 3rd true leaf of seedling for smearing respectively with the derivant of variable concentrations, is absorbefacient with Tween 80, and the blade face is moistening to be as the criterion, and contrast is smeared with Tween 80.Complete stool spray inoculation downy mildew behind the 3d meets 5d, 7d behind the bacterium, 9d and adds up disease index.15 strains are planted in every processing, repeat 3 times.
1.2.2.2 pot experiment is handled
Matching with muskmelon silver Supreme Being and OK a karaoke club gram is the examination material, choose full seed, muskmelon seeds presoaking and germinating of the same size, (among 21cm * 16cm * 13cm), seedling to two leaf stays 1 strain wholeheartedly the time between every basin to be seeded in the plastic flowerpot that fills vermiculite and perlite (3: 1) mixed-matrix after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Regularly water the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, culture matrix humidity maintains about 75% of maximum water-holding capacity.Treat seedling long to five leaves wholeheartedly the time with BTH (0.5mmol/L), arbor-vitae leaf extract (0.5mg/ml), the 3rd true leaf of Chinese herbal medicine II preparation (1mg/ml) spraying processing (blade face squirt till), complete stool inoculation downy mildew evenly is sprayed on the downy mildew spore suspension on the muskmelon seedling with watering can during inoculation behind the 3d.5 processing: Tween 80 (CK1), Tween 80+ downy mildew (CK2), Tween 80+BTH+ downy mildew (BTH), Tween 80+ arbor-vitae+downy mildew (arbor-vitae), Tween 80+ Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew (Chinese herbal medicine II) are established in experiment.At (after connecing bacterium) after the processing 3 (0), 5 (2), 8 (5), 11 (8), 14 (11) d each index is measured respectively, every mensuration repeats for three times.
1.2.2.3 field trial is handled
This is tested in May, 2008 to mid-August and carries out in the Minqin County, Gansu, serves as the examination material with thick-skinned melon silver Supreme Being's (disease-resistant variety) and OK a karaoke club gram match (susceptible variety).Select the soil plastic film mulch plantation of the soil texture, fertility basically identical, 1.2 meters of line-spacings, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows.The muskmelon plant is carried out complete stool spray chemicals treatment stretching climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period, test is established 6 processing: Tween 80 (CK), Tween 80+ and is stretched climing phase BTH, Tween 80+ initial bloom stage BTH, Tween80+ initial bloom stage arbor-vitae, Tween80+ initial bloom stage Chinese herbal medicine II, Tween 80+ and stretch climing phase+young fruit period BTH, Tween 80+ young fruit period BTH.To the adding up of various diseases, carry out photosynthetic mensuration at fruit development period when late growth stage begins to fall ill, the fructescence carries out fruit quality and measures.
1.3 index determining method
Following index is measured muskmelon downy mildew resistance treatment effect, MDA, disease-resistant related substances, disease-resistant related enzyme activity, photosynthesis, melon fruit size and quality by literature method.
1.4 data analysis
Carry out data analysis with SPSS (16.0) and Excel (Office 2003).
2.1 the The selection result of different derivants and concentration thereof
Each derivant of table 1 variable concentrations is to downy mildew spore germination and preventive effect
Annotate: different small letter English alphabets represent that same column has significant difference in P＜0.05 level between handling in the table, down together.
As shown in Table 1, SA and the OAA of BTH, arbor-vitae, tomato, green onion garlic class, Chinese herbal medicine, high concentration have tangible control efficiency to muskmelon downy mildew, the Chinese herbal medicine III of the OAA of low concentration and half amount does not have inhibitory action, and the effect of BTH, arbor-vitae and tomato extract is better, between do not have significant difference.In the concentration range for examination, among BTH, SA, the OAA, it is best that 0.5mmol/L BTH handles control efficiency; In arbor-vitae, tomato, the green onion garlic class extract, 0.5mg/ml arbor-vitae treatment effect is best, and in Chinese herbal medicine I, II, III, 1mg/ml Chinese herbal medicine II treatment effect is best.
2.2 several derivants are handled the control effect to muskmelon leaf sheet downy mildew in seedling stage
As can be seen from Table 2, the disease index of muskmelon downy mildew significantly is lower than contrast after derivant is handled, and the preventive effect of BTH and arbor-vitae is good than Chinese herbal medicine II, and does not have significant difference between them; But the preventive effect of respectively handling enantiopathy kind silver Supreme Being is matched than susceptible variety OK a karaoke club gram.
Table 2 different disposal is to the preventive effect of muskmelon seedling downy mildew
Annotate: I:CK1 (contrast); II:CK2 (downy mildew); III: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; IV: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The V:BTH+ downy mildew
2.3MDA the variation of content
As seen from Figure 1, little without the variation of the blade MDA content of any processing along with leaf growth, but connect the susceptible back of bacterium fast rise.After embroidery was led the agent processing, the MDA content of muskmelon blade slightly rose, and especially the arbor-vitae leaf extract is handled.Connecing MDA content behind the bacterium is lower than not significantly through inducing processing only to connect bacterium, and the time of membrane damage also postpones, the match of OK a karaoke club gram is fast the more silver-colored Supreme Being of the rate of climb of susceptible back MDA content, the silver Supreme Being is not remarkable through MDA content and the difference between the contrast that derivant is handled, explanation has improved the disease resistance of muskmelon seedling after chemicals treatment, and this act on the silver-colored Supreme Being performance than OK a karaoke club gram match strong (among Fig. 1, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.4 several derivants are handled the influence to the disease-resistant related substances content of muskmelon blade
2.4.1 the variation of content of lignin
Shown in Figure 2, measurement result shows, the interior content of lignin of muskmelon blade rises after connecing bacterium, and be significantly higher than contrast, handle the back when meeting bacterium 11d through CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH, silver Supreme Being's content of lignin has improved 50%, 70%, 63% and 104% than CK1 respectively, and the match of OK a karaoke club gram has improved 28%, 49%, 39% and 74%; Arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH are significantly higher than CK2, be respectively 1.14,1.10,1.37 times and 1.17,1.09,1.36 times of CK2, the content of lignin that BTH handles is the highest, and disease-resistant variety silver Supreme Being's increase greater than the match of susceptible variety OK a karaoke club gram (among Fig. 2, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.4.2 the variation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein content
After different derivant processing, the variation of muskmelon blade HRGP content as shown in Figure 3, each HRGP content of handling the muskmelon leaf sheet changes not obvious when meeting bacterium 2d, begin to rise after meeting bacterium 5d, the rising that BTH handles is handled early than other, and be significantly higher than other and handle, silver-colored Supreme Being HRGP content when meeting bacterium 8d is respectively CK1, CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II 3.34,3.10,2.44,2.97 times, and the match of OK a karaoke club gram is respectively 1.91,1.82,1.58,1.72 times; All are handled all apparently higher than CK1 when meeting bacterium 11d, silver Supreme Being content after CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH handle has improved 46%, 151%, 108%, 277% than CK1 respectively, the match of OK a karaoke club gram has improved 6%, 40%, 21%, 132% respectively, content after silver Supreme Being arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH handle is respectively 1.72,1.42,2.58 times of CK2, the match of OK a karaoke club gram is respectively 1.32,1.19,2.18 times, as can be seen silver-colored Supreme Being's HRGP content accumulation than the match of OK a karaoke club gram fast (among Fig. 3, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.5 several derivants are handled the influence to the disease-resistant related enzyme activity of muskmelon blade
2.5.1POD variation
As can be seen from Figure 4, the active rising of the POD in the muskmelon blade is not obvious in the 2d after connecing bacterium, beginning is risen rapidly behind the 5d, and the silver-colored Supreme Being who handles through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH when meeting 5d behind the bacterium and the POD activity of OK a karaoke club gram match are respectively 1.54,1.49,1.26 and 1.89,1.90,1.42 times of CK2; Also rise continuing during 11d after connecing bacterium, all its enzymic activitys that connect bacterium all are significantly higher than contrast, illustrate that connecing bacterium itself also can improve enzymic activity.Variation tendency unanimity between two kinds, disease-resistant variety silver Supreme Being's enzymic activity be higher than all the time the match of susceptible variety OK a karaoke club gram (among Fig. 4, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.5.2PAL variation
As seen from Figure 5, induce that back muskmelon blade PAL is active to rise, connecing rises earlier behind the bacterium again afterwards descends.When 3d did not also connect bacterium after derivant was handled, the activity of PAL was significantly higher than contrast, and the PAL activity that arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II and BTH handle the silver-colored Supreme Being in back and the match of OK a karaoke club gram has improved 206%, 141%, 400% and 221%, 150%, 336% than contrast respectively; Connect the enzymic activity that bacterium handles by arbor-vitae and descend to some extent, all the other are handled and all present ascendant trend, through BTH handle meet behind the bacterium 5d time enzymic activity reach the highest, silver-colored Supreme Being and Clarke plug improve 130%, 152% than CK1 respectively.Improve 42%, 119% than CK2, after this begin to descend, CK2 and through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II handle meet behind the bacterium 8d time reach the highest, the silver Supreme Being improves 61%, 159%, 104% than CK1 respectively, the match of OK a karaoke club gram improves 90%, 170%, 101% respectively, after this begin to descend, after connecing bacterium during 11d through the enzymic activity of chemicals treatment all be significantly higher than only connect bacterium (among Fig. 5, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.5.3PPO variation
As shown in Figure 6, the activity change of PPO was little when derivant was handled back 3d, after this significantly raise, reach maximum when meeting behind the bacterium 2d, the silver-colored Supreme Being PPO activity of handling through CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH has improved 85%, 157%, 159%, 247% than CK1 respectively, the match of OK a karaoke club gram improved 77%, 199%, 199%, 196% respectively, after connecing bacterium, do not have significant difference between the enzymic activity of each chemicals treatment and the CK1 during 11d, be significantly higher than only connect bacterium (among Fig. 6, CK1: the contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.5.4CHI variation
As shown in Figure 7, derivant is handled back CHI activity and all is higher than contrast, CK2 after connecing bacterium during 5d the CHI activity begin to descend, during 11d through inducing the maintenance ascendant trend still of processing, each derivant processing all is significantly higher than CK1 and CK2's, the silver Supreme Being is through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH handles is respectively 1.31 of CK1 and CK2,1.38,1.44 doubly with 1.53,1.60,1.44 doubly, the match of OK a karaoke club gram is respectively 1.44,1.41,1.51 doubly with 1.64,1.61,1.72 doubly, CK2 after connecing bacterium during 11d the CHI activity significantly be lower than CK1, possible cause be plant susceptible to a certain degree the time enzymic activity can descend (among Fig. 7, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.5.5GLU variation
As seen from Figure 8, muskmelon GLU activity presents the trend of rising-decline-rising after derivant is handled and connect bacterium, only connect downward trend after the then rising of bacterium, after connecing bacterium, reach during 2d maximum, CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, the silver-colored Supreme Being GLU that BTH handles has improved 45% than CK1 respectively, 61%, 93%, 104%, the match of OK a karaoke club gram has improved 68% respectively, 70%, 91%, 108%, after this descend to some extent, the GLU activity of handling through derivant when meeting 5d behind the bacterium begins again to rise, the GLU activity of CK2 then descends always, when meeting bacterium 11d through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, the GLU activity that BTH handles is significantly higher than CK1 and CK2, the silver Supreme Being is respectively 1.19 of CK1 and CK2,1.41,1.34 doubly with 1.70,2.01,1.91 doubly, the match of OK a karaoke club gram is respectively 1.19,1.44,1.38 doubly with 1.72,2.07,2.99 doubly, and still keep ascendant trend, and CK2 significantly be lower than CK1 (among Fig. 8, CK1: the contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6 several derivants are handled the influence to the muskmelon photosynthesis characteristics
2.6.1 seedling stage several derivants processing and downy mildew inoculation is to the influence of muskmelon seedling photosynthesis characteristics
2.6.1.1 the influence to chlorophyll content
2.6.1.1.1 the variation of chlorophyll total amount
The result shows (Fig. 9) along with the growth of leaf age, and the chlorophyll total content of 2 kinds all is rising trend, then presents downward trend after connecing bacterium, illustrates at susceptible back chlorophyll content to reduce, and underspeeds but slowed down after handling through derivant.Each processing all is significantly higher than CK1 and CK2 after meeting bacterium 2d, and wherein arbor-vitae is the most remarkable, and silver-colored Supreme Being is respectively CK1, CK2 1.37,1.41 times, and the match of OK a karaoke club gram is respectively 1.20,1.3 times; All are handled all apparently higher than CK2 when meeting bacterium 11d, and the BTH effect is best, for 1.21 times of CK2 (among Fig. 9, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.1.1.2 the variation of chlorophyll a/b
As can be seen from Figure 10, the chlorophyll a/b value is not significantly higher than contrast when connecing bacterium after derivant is handled 3d, and silver-colored Supreme Being and the match of OK a karaoke club gram are respectively 1.39,1.40,1.67 times and 1.16,1.24,1.33 times of contrast after arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH handle; Its ratio begins to descend after connecing bacterium, but it is slow than CK2 through the decrease speed that derivant is handled, after meeting bacterium 11d, respectively induce the processing differences not remarkable, but all be significantly higher than CK2's, the match of silver Supreme Being, OK a karaoke club gram through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH handle respectively than CK2 improved 41%, 59%, 60% and 74%, 64%, 64% (among Figure 10, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.1.1.3 the variation of carotenoid
As shown in figure 11, muskmelon its carotenoid content after derivant is handled and inoculated downy mildew presents the back downward trend that rises earlier, each carotenoid content of handling reaches the highest during 5d after connecing bacterium, silver Supreme Being and the match of OK a karaoke club gram are through CK2, arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, its content that BTH handles has improved 21% than CK1 respectively, 46%, 51%, 60% and 2.6%, 18%, 33%, 45%, after this begin to descend, there is not significant difference through what derivant was handled with CK1 when meeting bacterium 11d, but all be significantly higher than CK2, be respectively 1.43 of CK2,1.58,1.76 doubly with 1.38,1.48,1.55 doubly (among Figure 11, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.1.2 seedling stage several derivants processing and downy mildew inoculation is to the influence of muskmelon seedling leaves Net Photosynthetic Rate
Each derivant is handled and is connect behind the bacterium 8d to the influence of the Net Photosynthetic Rate of muskmelon blade as shown in figure 12 again, and susceptible rear blade Net Photosynthetic Rate descends, but has alleviated this decline degree after derivant is handled.Net Photosynthetic Rate and contrast no significant difference through Chinese herbal medicine II handles are significantly higher than other processing; The match of silver Supreme Being and OK a karaoke club gram is handled through arbor-vitae, Chinese herbal medicine II, BTH and all is significantly higher than CK2, improved 37%, 54%, 32% and 18%, 25%, 6% respectively (among Figure 12, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.1.3 seedling stage several derivants processing and downy mildew inoculation is to the influence of muskmelon seedling leaves stomatal conductance
As shown in figure 13, behind the inoculation downy mildew, the stomatal conductance of handling back two melon variety blades through derivant significantly is lower than CK1 at postvaccinal 8d, but all be significantly higher than CK2, illustrate that the downy mildew inoculation can significantly reduce the stomatal conductance of muskmelon blade, and derivant is handled the degree that can slow down the muskmelon leaf stomatal conductance decline of downy mildew inoculation back, and this ability of slowing down muskmelon leaf stomatal conductance value decline degree is relevant with the disease resistance of melon variety, be susceptible variety greater than disease-resistant variety (among Figure 13, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.1.4 seedling stage several derivants processing and downy mildew inoculation is to the influence of muskmelon seedling leaves intercellular CO2 concentration
As Figure 14, derivant connects bacterium after handling, the intercellular CO2 concentration of the melon variety silver Supreme Being of two different resistances and OK a karaoke club gram match blade all is significantly higher than CK1 (P＞0.05), but its intercellular CO2 concentration obviously reduces after only connecing bacterium, opposite with 2 kind leaf photosynthesis rate variations trend (among Figure 14, CK1: contrast; CK2: downy mildew; Arbor-vitae: arbor-vitae+downy mildew; Chinese herbal medicine: Chinese herbal medicine II+ downy mildew; The BTH:BTH+ downy mildew).
2.6.2 several derivants of different growth stage are handled the influence to melon fruit expanding stage Net Photosynthetic Rate
As can be seen from Figure 15, each handles the Net Photosynthetic Rate that all can improve the muskmelon blade, and wherein the treatment effect of initial bloom stage BTH is best, and two kinds have improved 29% and 40% than contrast respectively, are significantly higher than other processing; It is not remarkable to stretch between the processing of climing phase+young fruit period and young fruit period difference, and each handles the more silver-colored Supreme Being of influence of OK a karaoke club gram match Net Photosynthetic Rate obvious.
2.7 several derivants of initial bloom stage are handled the control effect to melon fruit main leaf diseases breeding time
2.7.1 the control effect to downy mildew
As shown in table 7 to the control effect of muskmelon leaf sheet downy mildew after several derivants are handled at initial bloom stage.The result shows that in morbidity in earlier stage, BTH is better to silver-colored Supreme Being's effect, before adopting during 7d Chinese herbal medicine II preventive effect best, to the match of OK a karaoke club gram, the effect in arbor-vitae and Chinese herbal medicine II early stage is good than BTH, before adopting during 7d the BTH preventive effect best, and each handle the more silver-colored Supreme Being of preventive effect of OK a karaoke club gram match good.
The variation of melon fruit late growth stage blade downy mildew after the table 7 initial bloom stage different disposal
Annotate: CK: contrast; I:BTH; II: arbor-vitae; III: Chinese herbal medicine II;
2.7.2 the control effect to powdery mildew
The variation of melon fruit late growth stage blade powdery mildew after the table 8 initial bloom stage different disposal
Annotate: CK: contrast; I:BTH; II: arbor-vitae; III: Chinese herbal medicine II
Initial bloom stage is handled the disease index that the back postpones and significantly reduced melon powdery mildew with different derivants, and the reduction of the disease index of especially silver-colored Supreme Being's powdery mildew is the most obvious, indifference between each is handled; To OK a karaoke club gram match, arbor-vitae and Chinese herbal medicine II have postponed its disease time, and arbor-vitae preventive effect when adopting preceding 21d, 7d handles well than other, BTH before adopting during 14d preventive effect better.
2.7.3 the control effect to anthracnose
Along with the maturation of fruit, the disease index fast rise of muskmelon leaf portion anthracnose, initial bloom stage is handled the back with different derivants has tangible preventive effect to anthracnose.Arbor-vitae is best to silver-colored Supreme Being's control effect, on average reaches 74%, to the match of OK a karaoke club gram, the effect of morbidity arbor-vitae in early stage and Chinese herbal medicine II is better, later stage, then the BTH preventive effect was good, and difference is not remarkable between handling with arbor-vitae during 7d before adopting, and each derivant restrains than OK a karaoke club silver-colored Supreme Being's preventive effect and matches.
The variation of melon fruit late growth stage blade anthracnose after the table 9 initial bloom stage different disposal
Annotate: CK: contrast; I:BTH; II: arbor-vitae; III: Chinese herbal medicine II
2.7.4 the control effect to climing rot
Several derivants differ to the Best Times of the preventive effect of climing rot, to silver-colored Supreme Being, BTH early stage preventive effect better, postponed its disease time, between each derivant of later stage is handled, do not have significant difference; To OK a karaoke club gram match, the control effect that the their early stage arbor-vitae is handled is best, the later stage arbor-vitae and the control effect handled of Chinese herbal medicine II between no significant difference, be significantly higher than BTH and handle.
The variation of the climing rot of melon fruit late growth stage blade after the table 10 initial bloom stage different disposal
Annotate: CK: contrast; I:BTH; II: arbor-vitae; III: Chinese herbal medicine II
2.8 several derivants of different growth stage are handled the influence to melon fruit size and quality
Table 11 different disposal is to the influence of melon fruit size and quality
Annotate: CK: contrast; I: stretch climing phase BTH; II: stretch climing phase+young fruit period BTH; III: initial bloom stage BTH; IV: young fruit period BTH; V: initial bloom stage arbor-vitae; VI: initial bloom stage Chinese herbal medicine II
With derivant after the muskmelon different growing is put in order strain and is sprayed processing, the influence of fruit size and quality was as shown in table 11 when muskmelon was gathered, all derivants all make single melon representation work of silver-colored Supreme Being be higher than contrast, it is the most remarkable that wherein initial bloom stage Chinese herbal medicine II handles influence, single melon anharmonic ratio contrasts high by 26%, secondly for young fruit period BTH handles, higher by 21% than contrast; Influence to silver-colored Supreme Being's soluble solid content is not obvious.The heavy there was no significant difference of the single melon in back is handled in match to the OK a karaoke club gram, but soluble solid content is significantly raise, and the treatment effect of initial bloom stage BTH is best, and contrast has increased by 2.27 percentage points; Several medicaments are handled back muskmelon hardness in each period, meat is thick all significantly greater than contrast.
Claims (8)
1. plant derivant is characterized in that: described plant derivant comprises at least that by traditional Chinese medicine through mixing, extracting the Chinese medical extract that makes, described traditional Chinese medicine comprises cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger;
Wherein, the weight proportion of described cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger is cloves 20%-40%, capsule of weeping forsythia 20%-40%, root of Chinese wild ginger 20%-40%; The weight ratio of described cloves, the capsule of weeping forsythia and the root of Chinese wild ginger is 1: 1: 1.
2. the application of the described plant derivant of claim 1 on ground family crop.
3. according to the application of the described plant derivant of claim 2 on the muskmelon crop.
4. the application of plant derivant according to claim 2 on downy mildew resistance.
5. the preparation method of the described plant derivant of claim 1, it comprises the steps: that water is pulverized, mixed, adds to traditional Chinese medicine boils, separates clear liquid.
6. according to the preparation method of the described plant derivant of claim 5, it is characterized in that: described when adding water and boiling, every 100mg raw medicinal material mixture water 50ml-150ml.
7. according to the preparation method of the described plant derivant of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described when adding water and boiling, boiling temperature is 80 ℃-100 ℃.
8. the using method of the described plant derivant of claim 1 on ground family crop, it is characterized in that: in the crop seedling phase, stretch climing phase, initial bloom stage and young fruit period plant and carry out complete stool and spray mist and handle, respectively spray 1-2 time in different growing, working concentration is 0.5mg/ml-1.5mg/ml.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1127121A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-24 | 杨贵森 | Xiaozhoutian (small circulation in Qigong) external curing heath care band and use method |
| CN1154863A (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-23 | 焦智源 | Technology for making medicated core of treatment and health-care whip and using method thereof |
| CN1316241A (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-10 | 陈仲辉 | Oral health liquid and its preparation method |
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| CN1127121A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-24 | 杨贵森 | Xiaozhoutian (small circulation in Qigong) external curing heath care band and use method |
| CN1154863A (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-23 | 焦智源 | Technology for making medicated core of treatment and health-care whip and using method thereof |
| CN1316241A (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-10 | 陈仲辉 | Oral health liquid and its preparation method |
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