CN102242520A - Method for making Tibetan paper by hand - Google Patents
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- CN102242520A CN102242520A CN201110162896XA CN201110162896A CN102242520A CN 102242520 A CN102242520 A CN 102242520A CN 201110162896X A CN201110162896X A CN 201110162896XA CN 201110162896 A CN201110162896 A CN 201110162896A CN 102242520 A CN102242520 A CN 102242520A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for making Tibetan paper by hand, relates to a papermaking technique, and in particular relates to the method for making the Tibetan paper by hand. The method provided by the invention is used for solving the problems that in the existing method for making the Tibetan paper by hand, the output is limited, the vegetation ecology is damaged, the quality of paper is low, the environment is polluted, and the like. The method comprises the following steps: cooking endothelium of thymelaeaceae wikstroemia stem and endothelium of stellera chamaejasme L. as raw materials; adding in a defined amount of potassium hydroxide in the cooking process; adding a defined amount of cactus juice as a dispersing intensifier into paper pulp; eliminating whiteness of the paper pulp with a defined amount of Coptis chinensis extract liquid according to the dyeing requirement; and discharging the waste liquid generated in the processes of raw material cooking and rinsing after being subject to flue gas treatment. The method provided by the invention retains the characteristics of the raw materials and processes of traditional Tibetan paper. The method for making Tibetan paper by hand is environment-friendly. The acquired Tibetan paper is excellent in uniformity, is mothproof and mildew-proof, can be stored for a long term and is flexible and folding-resisting. The appearance of the acquired Tibetan paper is laden with history. The Tibetan paper acquired by using the method can be used as a high-rank material for government document making, various classic Confucian texts, literature masterpiece printing, and Tibetan cultural handwriting.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paper manufacturing technology, especially a kind of method of hiding paper of making by hand.
Background technology
Hiding paper is that the area makes paper with manual mode general designation is lived in concentrated communities by Tibet and even whole Tibetan.It is long to hide the paper production history.About 650 years Christian eras, paper process has just been imported Tibet into by the inland of China.So far the Tibetan paper of spreading make technology mainly be divided into peeling, pound smash, boiling, embathe, smash material, several big operations such as pull an oar, manufacture paper with pulp.Nineteen fifty-seven U.S.'s work scholar at first introduces hiding paper the Hunter.Pan Jixing in 1979 hand papermaking to Tibetan in its monograph " Chinese papermaking history of technique original text " carries out special Zhang Xushu, and the raw material of pointing out Tibetan's papermaking mainly is a root of langdu grass." Tibet tradition papermaking Shi Kaolve " delivered in Jianchang, room in 1994, wherein mentions in the paper making raw material in Tibet, and structure skin and bamboo etc. are arranged.It is that " novel Tibetan paper and preparation method thereof " of raw material obtains the Chinese invention patent mandate with Chinese Stellera Root grass, golden eastern shrub skin, acanthaceous indigo, straw, sesame grass, the red moss skin of high mountain and waste paper that strong crust in 2007 is abided by pearl." Dege county and the hand papermaking investigation of Nimu County, Tibet Tibetan " that Li Xiaocen in 2007 is published on " History of Science and Tech. in China magazine " points out that the technological process of Tibetan's papermaking is: pound root-cleaning-layering-boil and expect-beat-smash starch-to water paper-take off paper.
At present, make by hand hide the paper method be with root of langdu grass be raw material, the paper method is manufactured paper with pulp with watering, a paper one curtain airing is a principal character.This preparation method forms bottleneck effect because root of langdu grass roots endothelium output is limited to the raising of hiding paper output, can not satisfy the needs in market; To do great damage to vegetation ecological when gathering root of langdu grass roots skin; Do not add dispersant and coloring agent in the making, the Tibetan paper feel of producing is poor, homogeneity is poor, and the paper look single; Using kitchen range ash or caustic soda etc. during boiling is digestant, and it is not high that the lignin in the former raw material is removed efficient, and the black digestion liquid environmental pollution that the latter forms is serious, and pollution treatment technology difficulty is big, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Hiding paper is the traditional handicraft goods of Tibetan, is Tibetan's wisdom and industrious crystallization, the precious legacy that is worth us to inherit forever and develop especially.For overcome existing hide paper make in the contradiction of feedstock capture and vegetation ecological protection existence; solve the lignin removal problem that efficient is not high or the black digestion liquid environmental pollution is serious when hiding the paper material boiling; improve and hide paper feel and homogeneity; the abundant paper chromatography of hiding; strengthen and hide paper anti-mould and anti-moth performance; in time rescue; inherit and development Tibetan excellent traditional culture cause; the present invention is inheriting and is keeping tradition to hide on the basis of paper making raw material and technology characteristics; a kind of method of hiding paper of making by hand is provided; this method of making Tibetan paper by hand can effectively be alleviated the contradiction of feedstock capture and vegetation ecological protection; effectively solve boiling efficiency and problem of environmental pollution; and can improve and hide the paper feel; homogeneity; the abundant paper chromatography of hiding is strengthened and is hidden paper anti-mould and anti-moth performance.
The present invention solves and hides paper and make the technical scheme that existing problems adopt by hand and be:
1, at first smash winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme with wooden mallet, skin is separated with interior stem, black crust and wooden interior muscle with pocket knife removal cane and root obtain the endothelium fibr tissue, dry standby.
2, the endothelium of winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme being put into clear water reserviors looks temperature and just soaks to cause in 2-5 days and carry out rinsing after feeling like jelly.
3, get ranunculaceae plant coptis rhizome bole 50-100 gram by every premium on currency, put into clear water leaching 24 hours after cleaning, shredding, heating was boiled 15 minutes then, and cooling was left standstill 2 hours, heated 20-30 minute again, and filtered through gauze is standby after cooling.
4, cactus is cut thorn, washing, pulverize making beating after, centrifuging and taking juice, filtered through gauze is standby.
5, by 7 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 3 parts of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endotheliums or 8 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 2 parts of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endotheliums, mix and put into pot, add the KOH of about 1% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure the about 4-6 of boiling hour.
6, take out the raw material boiled with the clear water washing after, put into pot again, add the KOH of about 0.5% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure secondary boiled about 2-3 hour.
7, after the well-done raw material of taking-up washs with clear water, in stone mortar, pound and smash into crude pulp, in the butter bucket, smash into thin paper pulp again to pieces.
8, adding 0.5-1% cactus juice in the thin paper pulp in the butter bucket smashes even.
9, dye yellow degree needs according to hiding paper, in copying the paper tank, add the coptis extract of about 0.5-1%, stir.
10, the copying that tight warp layer cloth on the wood frame is made, specification is about 0.66 * 0.50 meter, 1.0 * 0.7 meters, 1.0 * 1.2 meters, 1.4 * 2.1 meters or 1.6 * 3.2 meters slowly keeps flat to be copied in the paper tank, pour in the copying smashing even good an amount of paper pulp, and making paper pulp full and uniform dispersion on copying, branch then anhydrates copying vertical taking-up horizontal drop from the paper groove.
11, prop support teds with the copying behind the draining being taken next curtain one mould of sunlight.Treat that the paper curtain does not also parch a preceding arm of angle from the paper curtain fully and begins to take off paper, paper is taken off obtaining finished product Tibetan paper from the paper curtain.
12, collect black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid in waste liquid pool, the flue gas that fuel combustion produces during with boiling imports the waste liquid pool bottom, and flue gas stream is discharged by the waste liquid pool top behind black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid, handles and discharges waste liquid after 4-6 hour.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the plant canescent wikstroemia and the root of langdu are all Thymelaeceae, chemical analysis and fibre structure are closely similar, replacing the chameajasme skin with canescent wikstroemia cane skin serves as to hide the paper main raw material, not only kept hiding the substantive characteristics of paper material, and because raw material uses is the canescent wikstroemia cane, felling back canescent wikstroemia can regrow, and effectively reduces the heavy damage that feedstock capture causes vegetation ecological.
2, be digestant during boiling, because wherein potash content is less, so that the lignin in the raw material is removed efficient is not high with the kitchen range ash.Modern Tibetan paper is made the caustic soda that uses, though it is higher that lignin is removed efficient, but owing to contain a large amount of sodium ions in the black liquor of pulp making, sodium is not the necessary nutrient of plant, and sodium ion enters the deterioration that can cause the salinization of soil behind the soil and cause soil physico-chemical property, black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid directly discharging meeting do great damage to soil, and the scrubbing treatment cost is high.After replacing kitchen range ash or caustic soda as digestant with KOH, raw material wood is plain, and to remove efficient higher, and the organic acid in the raw material is a fertilizer with the organic acid potassium of KOH reaction formation, residual KOH and the CO in the flue gas in black digestion liquid and the rinsing liquid
2Reaction forms chemical fertilizer potash commonly used, SO
2, NO, NO
2Deng also forming chemical fertilizer K
2SO
4, KNO
3Flue gas is used for liquid waste processing, has both reduced flue gas and directly discharged the pollution that air is caused, waste liquid can be converted into chemical fertilizer again.
3, slightly be yellow Tibetan paper honorable and historical thick and heavy sense is arranged.Can avoid using synthetic food color with the dyeing of the plant coptis.The coptis is a pure natural plant, and it is yellow that water extract is, and plays to hide paper and dye the Huang white effect of going out, and coptis rhizome is rich in multiple alkaloids such as jamaicin simultaneously, has stronger insect protected bactericidal action, has further strengthened the anti-mould and anti-moth performance of Tibetan paper.
4, the viscosity juice of cactus can make pulp fiber evenly disperse in copying the paper groove, and it is poly-to reduce fleeces, be convenient to paper fibre before and after collocation up and down evenly, make finished product hide paper feel, homogeneity, pliability and intensity and improve and strengthen.Simultaneously, cactus is rich in flavonoids, alkaloid, steroid and triterpene compound etc., all is the chemical compositions that suppress spoilage organisms, the long preservation that helps hiding paper.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 makes by hand to hide paper technological process schematic block diagram.
Fig. 2 is flue gas treatment boiling and rinsing waste liquid technological process schematic block diagram.
Among Fig. 21, boiling vessel, 2, air blast, 3, boiling rinsing waste liquid, 4, stack gases, 5, the waste gas pipeline road, 6, purify back gas, 7, handle the back waste liquid, 8, valve.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the Tibetan paper of making by hand of the present invention carries out by the following method.
1, at first smash winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme with wooden mallet, skin is separated with interior stem, black crust and wooden interior muscle with pocket knife removal cane and root obtain the endothelium fibr tissue, dry standby.
2, the endothelium of winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme being put into clear water reserviors looks temperature and just soaks to cause in 2-5 days and carry out rinsing after feeling like jelly.
3, get about 50 grams of ranunculaceae plant coptis rhizome bole by every premium on currency, put into clear water leaching 24 hours after cleaning, shredding, heating was boiled 15 minutes then, and cooling was left standstill 2 hours, heated 20-30 minute again, and filtered through gauze is standby after cooling.
4, cactus is cut thorn, washing, pulverize making beating after, centrifuging and taking juice, filtered through gauze is standby.
5, put into pot by 7 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 3 parts of mixing of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endothelium, add the KOH of about 1% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure the about 4-6 of boiling hour.
6, take out the raw material boiled with the clear water washing after, put into pot again, add the KOH of about 0.5% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure secondary boiled about 2-3 hour.
7, after the well-done raw material of taking-up washs with clear water, in stone mortar, pound and smash into crude pulp, in the butter bucket, smash into thin paper pulp again to pieces.
8, adding 0.5% cactus juice in the thin paper pulp in the butter bucket smashes even.
9, dye yellow degree needs according to hiding paper, in copying the paper tank, add about 0.5% coptis extract, stir.
10, tight warp layer cloth on the wood frame is made, specification is about 0.66 * 0.50 meter copying and slowly keeps flat and copy in the paper tank, pour in the copying smashing even good an amount of paper pulp, and making paper pulp full and uniform dispersion on copying, branch then anhydrates copying vertical taking-up horizontal drop from the paper groove.
11, prop support teds with the copying behind the draining being taken next curtain one mould of sunlight.Treat that the paper curtain does not also parch a preceding arm of angle from the paper curtain fully and begins to take off paper, paper is taken off obtaining finished product Tibetan paper from the paper curtain.
12, collect black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid in waste liquid pool, the flue gas that fuel combustion produces during with boiling imports the waste liquid pool bottom, and flue gas stream is discharged by the waste liquid pool top behind black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid, handles and discharges waste liquid after 4-6 hour.
Embodiment 2: also can prepare by the following method.
1, at first smash winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme with wooden mallet, skin is separated with interior stem, black crust and wooden interior muscle with pocket knife removal cane and root obtain the endothelium fibr tissue, dry standby.
2, the endothelium of winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme being put into clear water reserviors looks temperature and just soaks to cause in 2-5 days and carry out rinsing after feeling like jelly.
3, get about 100 grams of ranunculaceae plant coptis rhizome bole by every premium on currency, put into clear water leaching 24 hours after cleaning, shredding, heating was boiled 15 minutes then, and cooling was left standstill 2 hours, heated 20-30 minute again, and filtered through gauze is standby after cooling.
4, cactus is cut thorn, washing, pulverize making beating after, centrifuging and taking juice filters standby.
5,8 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 2 parts of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endotheliums mixed and to put into pot, add the KOH of about 1% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure the about 4-6 of boiling hour.
6, take out the raw material boiled with the clear water washing after, put into pot again, add the KOH of about 0.5% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure secondary boiled about 2-3 hour.
7, after the well-done raw material of taking-up washs with clear water, in stone mortar, pound and smash into crude pulp, in the butter bucket, smash into thin paper pulp again to pieces.
8, adding 1% cactus juice in the thin paper pulp in the butter bucket smashes even.
9, dye yellow degree needs according to hiding paper, in copying the paper tank, add about 1% coptis extract, stir.
10, tight warp layer cloth on the wood frame is made, specification is about 1.0 * 1.2 meters copying and slowly keeps flat and copy in the paper tank, pour in the copying smashing even good an amount of paper pulp, and making paper pulp full and uniform dispersion on copying, branch then anhydrates copying vertical taking-up horizontal drop from the paper groove.
11, prop support teds with the copying behind the draining being taken next curtain one mould of sunlight.Treat that the paper curtain does not also parch a preceding arm of angle from the paper curtain fully and begins to take off paper, paper is taken off obtaining finished product Tibetan paper from the paper curtain.
12, collect black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid in waste liquid pool, the flue gas that fuel combustion produces during with boiling imports the waste liquid pool bottom, and flue gas stream is discharged by the waste liquid pool top behind black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid, handles and discharges waste liquid after 4-6 hour.
Claims (4)
1. hide paper making method for one kind, it is characterized in that raw material is Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endothelium and Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endothelium,, add cactus juice again and make dispersant, paper pulp is dyeed with natural plants coptis extraction juice with the potassium hydroxide pulping by cooking.Black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid non-pollution discharge.
2. according to the Tibetan paper of claim 1, its raw material composition characteristic is Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endothelium 7-8 part and Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endothelium 2-3 part.
3. according to the method for making by hand of the described Tibetan of claim 1 paper, it is characterized in that having following processing step:
(1) at first smash winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme with wooden mallet, skin is separated with interior stem, black crust and wooden interior muscle with pocket knife removal cane and root obtain the endothelium fibr tissue, dry standby;
(2) endothelium of winter daphne canescent wikstroemia cane and chameajasme is put into clear water reserviors and looked temperature and just soak to cause in 2-5 days and feel like jelly, standby after rinsing;
(3) get ranunculaceae plant coptis rhizome bole 50-100 gram by every premium on currency, put into clear water leaching 24 hours after cleaning, shredding, heating was boiled 15 minutes then, and cooling was left standstill 2 hours, heated 20-30 minute again, and filtered through gauze is standby after cooling.
(4) cactus is cut thorn, washing, pulverize making beating after, centrifuging and taking juice, filtered through gauze is standby.
(5) by 7 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 3 parts of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endotheliums or 8 parts of Thymelaeceae canescent wikstroemia cane endotheliums, 2 parts of Thymelaeceae root of langdu grass roots endotheliums, mix and put into pot, add the KOH of about 1% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure the about 4-6 of boiling hour.
(6) take out the raw material boiled with the clear water washing after, put into pot again, add the KOH of about 0.5% concentration, with under the slow fire normal pressure secondary boiled about 2-3 hour.
(7) after the well-done raw material of taking-up washs with clear water, in stone mortar, pound and smash into crude pulp, in the butter bucket, smash into thin paper pulp again to pieces.
(8) adding 0.5-1% cactus juice in the thin paper pulp in the butter bucket smashes even.
(9) dye yellow degree needs according to hiding paper, in copying the paper tank, add the coptis extract of about 0.5-1%, stir.
(10) copying that tight warp layer cloth on the wood frame is made, specification is about 0.66 * 0.50 meter, 1.0 * 0.7 meters, 1.0 * 1.2 meters, 1.4 * 2.1 meters or 1.6 * 3.2 meters slowly keeps flat to be copied in the paper tank, pour in the copying smashing even good an amount of paper pulp, and making paper pulp full and uniform dispersion on copying, branch then anhydrates copying vertical taking-up horizontal drop from the paper groove.
(11) prop support teds with the copying behind the draining being taken next curtain one mould of sunlight.Treat that the paper curtain does not also parch a preceding arm of angle from the paper curtain fully and begins to take off paper, paper is taken off obtaining finished product Tibetan paper from the paper curtain.
4. according to described black digestion liquid of claim 1 and rinsing liquid non-pollution discharge, it is characterized in that collecting black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid in waste liquid pool, the flue gas that fuel combustion produces during with boiling imports the waste liquid pool bottom, and flue gas stream is discharged by the waste liquid pool top behind black digestion liquid and rinsing liquid.Residual KOH and the CO in the flue gas in the waste liquid
2Reaction generates chemical fertilizer K
2CO
3, with SO
2Reaction generates chemical fertilizer K
2SO
4, with NO
2Reaction generates chemical fertilizer KNO
3Organic acid potassium that organic acid during boiling in the raw material and KOH effect produce and lignin precipitation all are organic fertilizer.
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Cited By (9)
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CN103352393A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-16 | 中国宣纸集团公司 | Process for producing Xuan paper through scooping |
CN104532637A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 北京万象影视文化艺术有限公司 | Mulberry bast paper manufacturing technology |
CN104674593A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-06-03 | 西藏优格仓工贸有限公司 | Tibet paper and manufacturing method thereof |
CN106069309A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-09 | 杭州果攸生态环境科技有限公司 | Solid heap fertilizer flowerpot |
CN107503237A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-22 | 枣庄市恒宇纸业有限公司 | A kind of high-grade light paper and its manufacture method |
CN111005257A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-14 | 天津现代职业技术学院 | Mechanical environment-friendly pulping method |
CN112030603A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-04 | 中国宣纸股份有限公司 | Preparation method of radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae rice paper and radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae grass pulp |
CN113605120A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-05 | 复旦大学 | Method for making calabash vine paper |
CN113846508A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-28 | 海南大观沉香产业发展有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aquilaria sinensis bark paper |
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Cited By (10)
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CN103352393A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-16 | 中国宣纸集团公司 | Process for producing Xuan paper through scooping |
CN104532637A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 北京万象影视文化艺术有限公司 | Mulberry bast paper manufacturing technology |
CN104532637B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-01-25 | 北京万象影视文化艺术有限公司 | Mulberry bast paper manufacturing technology |
CN104674593A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-06-03 | 西藏优格仓工贸有限公司 | Tibet paper and manufacturing method thereof |
CN106069309A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-09 | 杭州果攸生态环境科技有限公司 | Solid heap fertilizer flowerpot |
CN107503237A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-22 | 枣庄市恒宇纸业有限公司 | A kind of high-grade light paper and its manufacture method |
CN111005257A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-14 | 天津现代职业技术学院 | Mechanical environment-friendly pulping method |
CN112030603A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-04 | 中国宣纸股份有限公司 | Preparation method of radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae rice paper and radix Euphorbiae Fischerianae grass pulp |
CN113605120A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-05 | 复旦大学 | Method for making calabash vine paper |
CN113846508A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-28 | 海南大观沉香产业发展有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aquilaria sinensis bark paper |
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