CN101899794B - Green process for extracting fibers from plants - Google Patents
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- CN101899794B CN101899794B CN2009100850147A CN200910085014A CN101899794B CN 101899794 B CN101899794 B CN 101899794B CN 2009100850147 A CN2009100850147 A CN 2009100850147A CN 200910085014 A CN200910085014 A CN 200910085014A CN 101899794 B CN101899794 B CN 101899794B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P40/40—Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills
Abstract
The invention relates to a sectional green process for extracting fibers from plant raw materials with high efficiency and high yield, which comprises the steps of: firstly, infiltrating or/and soaking plant raw materials with lime water (or carbide slag water solution) or dilute alkali; then steaming or boiling the raw materials; and finally, beating or steaming discharge and pulp washing to prepare fibers. The green process can also be comprehensively used for exploiting the utilization of lignin and extract, so as to realize the full-rate development of plants. The extract in the process can be recycled as a nutrient source for organisms such as plants, microbes, alga and the like, which breaks through the key technical bottleneck of the green and ecological industry, has significant theoretic and application values on the recycling economy, the sustainable development strategy and acquisition of energy sources, advanced materials and biological nutrient source from biomasses, and has extremely profound social benefits, economic benefits and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
Efficient from plant material, the high yield that the present invention relates to a kind of sectional type extracts the friendly process of fiber.Its flow process is to soak into limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or sig water earlier or/and soak plant material, steams or boils, and pulls an oar at last or explosion is spurted, pulp washing obtains fiber.All right comprehensive development and utilization lignin of the present invention and extract are realized the full price exploitation of plant.
Background technology
The most important purposes of fiber is papermaking, and paper is the necessity in the national product life.Statistics shows, the consumption figure of China's paper and Board is by 5,440 ten thousand tons of being increased to 2004 of 2,430 ten thousand tons in 1994, and the ratio that accounts for world's aggregate consumption brings up to 13.2% by 9.1%.China's paper and Board total quantity consumed was 6,600 ten thousand tons in 2006,3,216 ten thousand tons of import volumes, and annual growth 11.3% occupies the second place of the world, is only second to the U.S..National paper in 2008 and cardboard total quantity consumed are 7,935 ten thousand tons, and a year consumption figure is 60 kilograms (13.28 hundred million people) per capita, 3,580,000 tons of import volumes.2000～2008 years, paper and production amount are average annual to increase by 12.78%, and consumption figure increases by 10.48% every year.Consumption figure increased by 121.96% than 2000 year outputs growth by 161.64% in 2008., occupy prostatitis, the world, still present growth trend in recent years.
Fiber is in another potential Application Areas---and the hydrolysis synthesis of glucose is fermented into alcohol or other organic matters again, has a high potential as industrial chemicals and vehicle fuel etc.Therefore, invention is low-cost, the fiber cleaning extractive technique of high yield, is conceived to the full price development and use of plant, has huge social benefit, economic benefit, ecological benefits.
Lime method papermaking is one of four inventions of Ancient Times in China, and its technological process is: 1. blank---→ 2. washing---→ 3. soak limewash---→ 4. boiling---→ 5. pound and smash---→ 6. making beating---→ 7. copy paper---→ 8. shine paper---→ 9. take off paper.But because low, the consuming time length of limewash soaking technology efficient, fiber quality is poor, water consumption is big, be difficult to large-scale production, by existing pulping process replacement.
Soda processes or sulfate process are the methods that present paper industry generally adopts, and caustic soda can effectively promote that as the industrial chemicals commonly used in the fiber leaching process cellulose separates with the alkaline hydrolysis of lignin in the pulping raw material digestion process.In the soda pulping process, the concentration of caustic soda is 5%～15%, and the addition of alkali is about 17% of a slurrying siccative; In sulfate pulping, not only consume alkali in a large number, but also need to add auxiliary agents such as a large amount of vulcanized sodium, anthraquinone.Two kinds of technologies exist all that the fiber yield is low, the material consumption energy consumption big, " three wastes " serious problem.Useful material discharging in violation of rules and regulations such as the cellulose of the lignin of a great deal of, hydrolysis, hemicellulose, protein, sugar, tannin, nucleic acid, sylvite in the black liquid not by good use; Though existing large-scale pulp mill is through concentrating, burning; The causticizing process recovery set is used alkali; Though the pollution problem that part has solved black liquor of pulp making; But wasted ample resources; And equipment investment is big, cost is high, energy consumption is big, produce waste gas such as containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide 、 bioxin simultaneously and contain a large amount of lignin, hydrolysis cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, sugar, tannin, nucleic acid, sylvite etc. washes and to carry a large amount of residual alkali, akali sulphide, alumino-silicate etc. secretly be main white clay waste residue etc. with calcium carbonate, caused the serious environmental pollution.
The raw material of existing paper technology; For example fiber extraction process such as bamboo, timber generally is to take the alkali with 10%～20% to mix with vulcanized sodium; Under liquor ratio is 1: 2.4 condition; Boost to 0.5MPa (about 150 ℃ of temperature) boiling and carry out defibrination about 4 hours again, float slurry and slightly starched, just can obtain 1 ton of fiber pulp with 2～3 tons the raw material of giving money as a gift usually, always roll over hundred alkali consumptions and be about 0.67～0.9 ton.
With timber is in the pulping process of raw material, and industrial chemicals generally accounts for 20%～30% of its cost of material, and caustic soda is that prime cost constitutes; And be that alkali accounts for 40%～50% of its cost in the pulping process of raw material with non-timber such as straws.The destruction that the use of a large amount of alkali can cause cellulose and lignin causes raw materials consumption higher, has not only increased the slurrying cost, has also produced the black liquor of pulp making of great deal of high concentration.Black liquor of pulp making need consume a large amount of acid could reclaim lignin, and produces a large amount of H
2Odorants such as S are difficult to recycling.Lignin in the black liquor also is difficult to be degraded by microorganisms, the sodium ion of high concentration and S
2-Also be unfavorable for biochemical treatment.Once had the people with black liquor of pulp making direct or concentrated as fertilizer sources; But inorganic salt content is high in the black liquor, is prone to cause soil compaction and salinization of soil, and particularly the existence of a large amount of sodium ions can influence plant to the absorption of potassium and the normal growth of plant; Therefore there is very big problem in as fertilizer sources; With extracting lignin after the black liquor of pulp making acidifying, but because the existence of a large amount of sulfide and inorganic salts makes that stink is big in the processing procedure, environmental pollution is serious.Therefore, if can use lime (or carbide slag) to substitute caustic soda and vulcanized sodium commonly used, use existing pulping equipment as far as possible, hang down the acquisition fiber of pollution, high efficiency, high yield, and the fiber extract is extensively utilized as the biological nutrition source, then significant.
To the deficiency of existing pulping process, the inventor has carried out intensive research.Find that through experiment causing existing fiber extraction process material loss main reason big, that the fiber recovery rate is low, of poor quality, performance inconsistency is big is the considerable damage of effective ingredients such as the fiber that caused of base excess and long-time thermophilic digestion, lignin.Therefore; How effectively to reduce alkali charge and alkali concn; Avoid the use of auxiliary agents such as vulcanized sodium, anthraquinone; Attempt obtaining fiber with the high yield of soda bath of limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or low concentration, avoid that a large amount of inorganic salts are to the influence of biological normal growth in the extract, realizing the full price exploitation of plant and fully utilizing is our main direction.
Summary of the invention
The inventor gropes through testing repeatedly for a long time, has invented substituting caustic soda or use a spot of caustic soda with lime (or carbide slag) of a kind of sectional type, and efficient from plant material, high yield extracts the friendly process of fiber.Its flow process is to soak into limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or sig water earlier or/and soak plant, does not use auxiliary agents such as sulfide, anthraquinone, steams or boils, making beating at last or explosion is spurted, pulp washing extraction fiber.
The present invention has overcome shortcomings such as traditional handicraft slurrying length consuming time, efficient are low, small scale; Can utilize fully that existing pulping equipment is extensive, low-cost, efficient, the acquisition fiber of high yield; Alleviated in the extract inorganic sodium to the interference of biological growth; Make extract become possibility, realize the full price exploitation of plant and the target of comprehensive utilization as the biological nutrition source.
The inventor finds through experiment; Cause that existing fiber extraction process material loss is big, the fiber recovery rate is low, intensity difference, main reason that performance inconsistency is big are base excess, overrich, alkalescence are strong, alkali infiltration and skewness and long-time thermophilic digestion, a large amount of dissolved destructions of effective ingredients such as the fiber that causes, lignin.Therefore, the selection preferably that overcomes above-mentioned drawback is used lime (or carbide slag) to substitute caustic soda exactly or is only used the caustic soda preliminary treatment plant of low concentration.
The inventor analyses in depth and discovers through experimental exploring repeatedly and to existing pulping process, and existing pulping process is taked to cause alkali lye and pulping raw material evenly to mix easily the direct mode defibre of the long-time thermophilic digestion of mixing of denseer aqueous slkali and paper making raw material; Cause raw material surface drawn game portion alkali lye overrich; Alkali lye is fully permeated and spread, system just is heated to higher temperature rapidly, makes cellulose, lignin and other organic component be destroyed in a large number; Cause fiber and lignin to decompose not exclusively; Cause the alkaline consumption material consumption higher, black liquor increases, and the fibre property fluctuation is big, yield is low.
Rational technical thought is to utilize the moderate and calcium hydroxide of the alkaline intensity of limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) bigger characteristics when at room temperature solubility is than the heating situation; Make paper making raw material wetting fully at normal temperatures with limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) earlier or/and infiltration; Or soak into diluted alkaline or/and soak plant, make even, abundant, an amount of absorption of alkali and be diffused in the plant, again through steaming or boiling; Destroying lignin combines with cellulosic; Making beating or explosion at last spurted and isolated cellulose and lignin, and other plant component is then stayed in the extract, so its nutrient solution that can do organism uses.A spot of calcium ion is useful to the growth of biology in the calcium method extract, can lead to carbon dioxide in case of necessity or add formation such as carbonic hydroammonium deposition to separate out.Sodium ions content significantly reduces in the new technology soda processes extract, has avoided the use of contaminative auxiliary agents such as vulcanized sodium, anthraquinone, and extract directly or through can be used as the biological nutrition source behind the most of sodium ion of film separation removal uses, and processes liquid state or solid organic fertilizer.
According to above-mentioned Thinker; The inventor passes through experimental exploring and condition optimizing repeatedly; Finally in various pulping raw materials, found the optimum process condition of realizing above-mentioned Thinker, reached the minimizing alkali charge or with the purpose of the plant full price exploitation of fiber, lignin and the biological nutrient liquid of lime (or carbide slag) and discarded stalk exploitation high added value.
The inventive method can adopt following specific embodiments:
A kind of is the friendly process that raw material extracts fiber with non-timber (can mainly with the slurrying of calcium method) or timber (soda processes efficient is higher), and it comprises the steps:
With raw material and the lime carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) by 100: 8 rate of charges; It is certain in an amount of water, to carry out pretreatment time under the normal temperature; Directly boiling or leach decatize about 160 ℃ then, take out again making beating or directly explosion spurt, pulp washing, leach and obtain crude fibre.Soak extracts can apply mechanically making beating behind the lignin or once more directly as the biological nutrition source; Polishing pulp washing filter liquor circulation cleaning reaches certain density rinsing black liquor and can further extract lignin, remaining liquid can be directly as liquid fertile or process solid organic fertilizer.
In preferred specific embodiments, technology of the present invention comprises the steps:
Pulping raw material is soaked in the water of 3～30 times of (preferred about 10 times) weight.As far as the calcium method, the consumption of the lime carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) is 5%～100% of a dried raw material, and is preferred 6%～20%, and normal temperature soaks into down or/and soaked preferred 4～100 hours 0.5～1000 hour; As far as the new technology soda processes, the consumption of caustic soda is 5%～20% of a raw material, and is preferred 5%～18%, and normal temperature soaks into or/and soaked preferred 4～50 hours 0.5～100 hour down.(during immersion,, can obviously shorten soak time if increase stirring operation or select heat soaking.) the soak strip is pressed boiling or leached decatize, heating-up temperature is 100～180 ℃, preferred 120～150 ℃; Pressure is 0.1～0.8MPa; Be preferably 0.19～0.5Mpa, decatize or digestion time are 0.5～7 hour, are preferably 1～4 hour; Taking-up places clear water or preceding batch of rinsing black liquor to polish, clean then, promptly obtains crude fibre.
In the preferred specific embodiments, technology of the present invention comprises the steps:
Pulping raw material is soaked in the water of 10 times of left and right sides weight; The amount that adds the lime carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) be siccative be 6%～20%; Or the amount that adds NaOH is 5%～18% of siccative, soaks into or/and soaked 5～30 hours at normal temperatures.(during immersion,, can obviously shorten soak time if increase stirring operation.) soak raw band and press boiling or leach decatize, heating-up temperature is 120～150 ℃, and pressure is 0.19～0.5Mpa, and decatize heat time heating time is 1～4 hour, takes out then and places the clear water or the preceding batch of rinsing black liquor polishing, cleans, and promptly obtains crude fibre.
In the present invention, limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or dilute alkaline soln are good with submergence plant material just, and soak that leaches or cooking liquor cover are used for the next group raw material soaking when handling, water of adding as required and alkali.Soak is circulation immersion repeatedly, or is used for making beating or pulp washing after extracting lignin.
When technology of the present invention was used for pulping process, the liquor ratio of paper making raw material and limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or dilute alkaline soln was good with submergence just, also can adopt circulation to spray the mode (liquor ratio can reduce) of soaking pouring according to practice in factory.For the slurrying of calcium method, according to the difference of pulping raw material, the consumption of the lime carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) is 5%～100% of a siccative, and is preferred 6%～20%, and normal temperature soaks into or/and soaked preferred 4～100 hours 0.5～1000 hour down.For soda pulping process, according to the difference of raw material, the consumption of caustic soda is 5%～20% of a siccative, is preferably 5%～18%, and normal temperature soaks into or/and soaked preferred 4～50 hours 0.5～100 hour down.(during immersion,, can obviously shorten soak time if increase stirring operation or select heat soaking.) soak material and directly be with and press boiling or leach decatize, heating-up temperature is 100～180 ℃, is preferably 120～150 ℃; Pressure is 0.1～0.8MPa, is preferably 0.19～0.5Mpa, when carrying out papermaking; Raw material after decatize or the boiling is pulled an oar or operations such as explosion is spurted, pulp washing, choosing slurry.
Technology of the present invention the most suitable use be non-wood material; Straw (such as agricultural crop straws such as wheat, paddy rice, corn, soybean, Chinese sorghum, cotton and Chinese alpine rush, bagasse, reed, coconut husk etc.) for example; All can be used for the non-wood material of slurrying bamboos etc., optimal process wheat stalk of the present invention, rice straw, soybean stalk, bamboo, Chinese alpine rush, bagasse, reed and coconut husk etc.
Experiment confirm, through the recycling to soak, the equivalent of the lime that technology of the present invention fiber per ton the consumes carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) is merely 1/3～1/2 of existing technology consumption alkali equivalent, and does not use auxiliary agents such as sulfide, anthraquinone.Dry straw per ton only needs the lime carbide slag of identical calcium oxide content (or amount to) about 75Kg in the technology of the present invention, and unscreened yield is more than 70%, and screened yield is about 60%, and fiber and lignin in the plant more than 95% are extracted.Limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) or diluted alkaline soak into or/and the preprocess method that soaks, and alkali lye is fully permeated and is diffused in the raw material, steam or boil after paper making raw material be easy to add the water polishing or directly explosion spurt pulping.If what take is the mode defibre of decatize, then soak is repeatedly applied mechanically after can adding lime (or carbide slag) or caustic soda.The making beating rinsing liquid also can be applied mechanically to higher concentration for tens of repeatedly times.Solved well thus in original paper industry that black liquor can not be applied mechanically, water consumption is big, a large amount of reluctant technical barrier of black liquor, and stink is little in the processing procedure, rinsing liquid is of light color, has simplified bleaching process.
The available good acid neutralization in extract of the present invention cooling back get final product, also can be directly as fertilizer, or process fertilizer again behind the extraction lignin.Extract after experiment shows neutralization can be directly as the nutrient solution of soilless culture and the irrigation liquid of earth culture experiment; Plant and algal grown are good; And in the existing pulping process black liquor of kindred circumstances with after be difficult to make the plant survival; Proof limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) substitutes caustic soda and all is good biological nutriment with the caustic soda of low concentration and the extract that do not add sulfide directly, possibly be developed as plant full-valence nutrition liquor or solid organic fertilizer fully, can avoid burning pollutants such as generation great amount of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide 、 bioxin; Reduce the waste of the precious resources such as organophosphor, organic nitrogen, potassium and the energy, realize the resource circulation utilization.
In sum, adopt the inventive method slurrying, not only can reduce the raw material and the energy consumption cost of investment and slurrying greatly; Can also significantly improve the fiber yield; The gained waste liquid can be used as fertilizer and returns its growth of promotion such as the plant that imposes on the crops, reaches energy-saving and cost-reducing, cleaner production, the purpose that the plant full price is utilized; Can form good agro-industryization, the ecological industry recycling economy pattern of industrial chemurgy.With the fiber that technology of the present invention makes, cost performance is that existing technology is incomparable, and as do not consider the added value of lignin and extract with 1 ton of paper pulp of the every production of stalk, its cost is merely 1/5～1/10 of existing technology cost.Extract can also as fertilizer sources after extracting the lignin of high value or is used to produce biogas; Not only can reduce and cause to such an extent that pollute in a large number in the significant cost of handling black liquor and the processing procedure; And reasonable resources and recycle have been promoted; Can therefrom obtain better income, so its economy, society, ecological benefits are inestimable.
The advantage of this sectional type process is that available limewash (or carbide slag aqueous solution) soaks or the boiling plant; Not only can save alkali number greatly; Reduce heating-up temperature; Shorten heat time heating time, efficient, high yield obtains fiber, and has avoided the secondary pollution of using high pollution property auxiliary agents such as sulfide, anthraquinone to be brought.Handle also with the same mode of diluted alkaline and can obtain similar result.The soak of these two kinds of methods, cleaning solution can circulate or/and cross cap usefulness, and then the liquid state or the solid organic fertilizer of easy acquisition high concentration.And stink is little in whole fiber extraction and the mother liquor processing procedure, and energy consumption is low, and water consumption is little, environmental friendliness.
In a word, technology of the present invention has the characteristics of small investment, instant effect, energy-efficient, clean environment firendly, has extensively huge application value, and having opened up one for the full price exploitation of living beings and comprehensive utilization has utilize the new way that is worth most.
The specific embodiment
The present invention can be further described with indefiniteness embodiment hereinafter.
Reference examples 1 (Chinese alpine rush slurrying)
The 40g solid caustic soda is dissolved in the 700 gram water, adds 300g Chinese alpine rush (moisture 10.2%), add in the digester airtight heat temperature raising boiling.Be warming up to 80 ℃ by room temperature, time 1h; Be warming up to 130 ℃, time 2h by 80 ℃; 130 ℃ of insulation 1.5h; Be warming up to 168 ℃, time 1h by 130 ℃; 168 ℃ of insulation 2h.Boiling finishes back cooling pressure release, discharging, and the boiling feed liquid is pulled an oar after removing black liquor, pulp washing, filtration, under 105 ℃, dries to constant weight, and obtains the 135g crude fibre, and the fiber yield is 50.1%.
One, calcium method slurrying
Embodiment 1 (ryegrass pulping)
Test one: 0.378g solid oxidation calcium is dissolved in the 150 gram water, adds 5g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%), normal temperature soaks after 0.5 hour down, adds airtight heat temperature raising boiling in the autoclave.Be warming up to 150 ℃ by room temperature, time 1h; 150 ℃ of insulation 2h; Boiling finishes back cooling pressure release, discharging, and the boiling feed liquid is directly pulled an oar, pulp washing, filtration; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight, obtain the 3.42g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 74.6%; After the screening of 40 mesh, get screening reject 0.60g, the screening reject rate is 17.5%, and screened yield is 61.5%.
Test two: 0.378g solid oxidation calcium is dissolved in the 150 gram water, adds 5g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%), normal temperature soaks after 24 hours down, adds in the autoclave, and is airtight, the heat temperature raising boiling.Be warming up to 150 ℃ by room temperature, time 1h; 150 ℃ of insulation 2h; Boiling finishes back cooling pressure release, discharging, and the boiling feed liquid is directly pulled an oar, pulp washing, filtration; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight, obtain the 3.8g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 82.8%; After the screening of 40 mesh, get screening reject 1.0g, the screening reject rate is 26.3%, and the fine fibre yield is 61.0%.
Embodiment 2 (bamboo slurrying)
Test one: with limewash pre-soaking bamboo 40 hours, again with after the immersion of NaOH solution secondary, decatize was pulled an oar and is washed again, is slightly starched after suitably grinding.Unscreened yield is 70%, and Kappa number is 50.51.
Test two: with limewash pre-soaking bamboo 40 hours, after suitably grinding,, use the pressure cooker decatize again, pull an oar and wash, slightly starched again with limewash secondary immersion 40 hours.Unscreened yield is 71.9%, and Kappa number is 58.15.
Embodiment 3 (pulping wood)
With 60 ℃ limewash pre-extracted woods 20 hours, soaked 20 hours in limewash through suitably grinding the back, use autoclave (160 ℃) boiling 4 hours again, making beating is at last washed and is obtained crude fibre, and the crude fibre yield is 65.7%, and the fiber recovery rate is more than 95%.
Two, soda pulping
Embodiment 1 (stirring at normal temperature employing straw slurry)
10g straw (moisture 9%) stirred in 60 ℃ 1.5%NaOH solution soaked 12 hours, leach, making beating, pulp washing, filtration, obtain the 6.2g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 68.1%.
Embodiment 2 (Chinese alpine rush recycled soda pulping)
Test one: with 300g Chinese alpine rush (moisture 10.2%), soak at room temperature leached after 6 hours in 3000ml 1.0%NaOH solution; At 0.19MPa; Decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours, under 105 ℃, dries to constant weight, and obtains the 144g crude fibre; The fiber yield is 53.5%, and the recovery rate of fiber is more than 95%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Paper performance is following: tensile index 38.86N.m/g, tear index 15.77mN.m
2/ g, burst index 4.03kPa * m
2/ g, folding strength 49 times.
Test two: 300g Chinese alpine rush (moisture 10.2%) soak at room temperature in testing the about 2500ml of soak (however, residual base content is about 0.65%) moisturizing benefit alkali to the NaOH solution of 3000ml 1.0% last in one was leached after 6 hours; At 0.19MPa; Decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight, obtain the 149.4g crude fibre, the fiber yield is 55.5%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Paper performance is following: tensile index 37.86N.m/g, tear index 14.77mN.m
2/ g, burst index 3.93kPa * m
2/ g, folding strength 47 times.
Test three: 300g Chinese alpine rush (moisture 10.2%) soak at room temperature in testing the about 2500ml of soak (however, residual base content is about 0.6%) moisturizing benefit alkali to the NaOH solution of 3000ml 1.0% last in two was leached after 6 hours; At 0.19MPa; Decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight (needing 10 hours approximately), obtain the 143g crude fibre, the fiber yield is 53.1%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Paper performance is following: tensile index 37.66N.m/g, tear index 14.57mN.m
2/ g, burst index 3.73kPa * m
2/ g, folding strength 46 times.
Test four: soak at room temperature liquid is applied mechanically
Embodiment 3 (Chinese alpine rush intersection recycled soda pulping)
300g Chinese alpine rush (moisture 10.2%) is soaked in the extract (the extract major part after the immersion is absorbed by siccative, and its pH is 6.8～7.2, has simplified last handling process greatly); Place 1.0%3000mlNaOH solution to soak again 6 hours; Leach at 0.19MPa, decatize is 2 hours under 118 ℃ of conditions, and polishing, pulp washing obtain the 150g crude fibre; The crude fibre yield is 55.7%, and the recovery rate of fiber is more than 95%.
Workshop section was more than 10 times, till elute effect is very poor before raffinate behind this technology making beating liquid, cleaning solution or the extraction lignin can overlap and use.Black liquor after the neutralization is directly as the nutrient solution of soilless culture and the irrigation liquid of earth culture experiment; Plant and algal grown are good; Under the kindred circumstances in the existing paper technology black liquor with after but be difficult to make the plant survival; The technology black liquor of the present invention that the proof alkali consumption greatly reduces and do not add sulfide is good nutriment, can be developed as plant full-valence nutrition liquor or solid organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 4 (heat intermedium soaks and the recycled soda pulping)
Test one: 15g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%) soaked in the alkali lye of 60 ℃ 150ml 1.0% leach after 6 hours; At 0.19MPa, decatize is 2 hours under 118 ℃ of conditions, leaches polishing, pulp washing; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight; Obtain the 8.64g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 62.8%, and wherein filter residue only accounts for 2.3%--2.9%.
Test two: the NaOH solution soaking of alkali to 150ml 1.0% mended in 15g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%) the last about 86ml of soak (however, residual base content is about 0.42%) moisturizing in test one; Immersion leached after 6 hours in 60 ℃ water-bath, and at 0.19MPa, decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight; Obtain the 8.65g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 62.9%, and wherein filter residue only accounts for 2.3%--6.7%.
Test three: the NaOH solution soaking of alkali to 150ml 1.0% mended in 15g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%) the last about 85ml of soak (however, residual base content is about 0.48%) moisturizing in test two; Immersion leached after 6 hours in 60 ℃ water-bath, and at 0.19MPa, decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight; Obtain the 9.57g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 69.5%, and wherein filter residue accounts for 15%--22%.
Test four: the NaOH solution soaking of alkali to 150ml 1.0% mended in 15g wheat straw (moisture 8.3%) the last about 86ml of soak (however, residual base content is about 0.5%) moisturizing in test three; Immersion leached after 6 hours in 60 ℃ water-bath, and at 0.19MPa, decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; Under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight; Obtain the 9.28g crude fibre, the crude fibre yield is 67.4%, and wherein filter residue accounts for 41%--54%.Filter residue content is higher, can no longer apply mechanically.The liquid that soaks back and circulation cleaning can add acidifying and extract faint yellow lignin.The washing of workshop section was more than 10 times, till elute effect is very poor before raffinate behind making beating liquid, cleaning solution or the extraction lignin can overlap and use.
The related data of embodiment 4 is summed up as follows:
Embodiment 5 (bamboo slurrying)
Test one: soak after 38 hours with 500g bamboo (moisture 13.1%), in 3500ml 2.5%NaOH solution and to leach; At 0.19MPa; Decatize is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 3 hours, and under 105 ℃, dry to constant weight (needing 10 hours approximately) obtains the 273g crude fibre; The fiber yield is 62.8%, and the recovery rate of fiber is more than 95%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Paper performance is following: beating degree SR 50, Kappa number 118.5, tensile index/Nmg
-144.8, tear index/mNm
2G
-17.2, burst index/kPam
2G
-13.0.
Test two: 500g bamboo (moisture 13.1%) is soaked in 3500ml 1.5%NaOH solution after 8 hours at 0.19MPa; Boiling is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached under 118 ℃ of conditions after 2 hours; (needing 10 hours approximately) dries to constant weight under 105 ℃; Obtain the 281g crude fibre, the fiber yield is 64.7%, and the recovery rate of fiber is more than 95%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Beating degree SR 47, Kappa number 112.3, tensile index/Nmg
-146.4, tear index/mNm
2G
-16.8, burst index/kPam
2G
-13.1.
Embodiment 6 (pulping wood)
With 100g pine (drying) after soaking 6 hours under NaOH solution (30gNaOH, the 600ml water) normal temperature; Boiling is taken out polishing, pulp washing, is leached after 3 hours under 150～170 ℃ of conditions; (needing 10 hours approximately) dries to constant weight under 105 ℃; Obtain the 47.4g crude fibre, the fiber yield is 47.4%, and the recovery rate of fiber is more than 90%.Operations such as paper moulding are pulled an oar, copied to crude fibre, detects paper performance at last.Paper performance is following: beating degree SR 50, Kappa number 98.7, tensile index/Nmg
-152.8, tear index/mNm
2G
-115.2, burst index/kPam
2G
-13.4.
Claims (4)
1. the friendly process that from plant material, extracts fiber of a sectional type; This technology comprises the steps: plant material is used limewash, or the carbide slag aqueous solution, or diluted alkaline soaks into or/and soak certain hour; Pressurization is steamed or is boiled again, polishing at last or explosion is spurted, pulp washing obtains fiber; Its infiltration or/and soak time and alkali concn and alkali number require be: plant material is soaked into or/and be soaked in 5%～100% the limewash of siccative weight, in immersion normal temperature or hot water under 1000 hours; Or soak into or/and be soaked in the concentration of 0.5～100 times of weight and be lower than in the diluted alkaline of 20w/v%, in immersion normal temperature or hot water under 100 hours, stir in the immersion process or feed pump is played circulation, better effects if; Its steaming or the specification requirement of boiling are: said raw material is soaked into or/and the plant after soaking leaches back pressurization decatize or do not filter boiling, and decatize or boiling temperature are 100 ℃～180 ℃, and pressure is 0.1～0.8MPa, and the time is 0.5～7 hour; Plant after long-time the immersion is directly pulled an oar, and saves boiling.
2. technology according to claim 1; Wherein soak filter liquor and be used for the processing of next group raw material soaking with making beating liquid cross cap; The rinsing black liquor that the polishing pulp washing leaches extracts lignin through neutralization; Remaining liquid is recovered as the making beating cleaning fluid and is soaked or pulping process, or as the nutrient source recycle of plant, microorganism and algae bio, or process liquid fertilizer or solid organic nutriment.
3. technology according to claim 1, wherein said plant material are bamboo or Chinese alpine rush or bagasse or reed or coconut husk.
4. technology according to claim 1, wherein said plant material is an agricultural crop straw: wheat or paddy rice or corn or soybean or Chinese sorghum or cotton agricultural crop straw.
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| CN102838403A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-26 | 西南大学 | Method for plant pulping and co-producing organic fertilizer |
| WO2013082735A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | 北京英力生科新材料技术有限公司 | Chemical mechanical pulping method |
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| CN104611966A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 山东源根石油化工有限公司 | Novel pulping process with Chinese alpine rush as raw material |
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| CN107151933B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2021-12-03 | 沙良宝 | Integrated implementation-based preparation method of low-salt-solubility clean paper pulp |
| US11401661B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-08-02 | J & J Green Paper, Inc. | Recyclable composition for waterproofing paper utilizing a plant derived wax, pellets of the composition, recyclable waterproof paper laminate including the composition, recyclable hot beverage cup including the laminate, pod for making hot beverages including the laminate, and drinking straw including the laminate |
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| CN110078106B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2021-11-16 | 李平 | Carbide slag recycling method |
| CN112211017A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-12 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Alkaline method for making paper pulp by using coconut peel as raw material |
| CN114276071A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-05 | 南通市泳宇新型建材有限公司 | Durable building wall material and processing method |
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