CN102239331A - 共轨式高压泵 - Google Patents

共轨式高压泵 Download PDF

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CN102239331A
CN102239331A CN200980148699.3A CN200980148699A CN102239331A CN 102239331 A CN102239331 A CN 102239331A CN 200980148699 A CN200980148699 A CN 200980148699A CN 102239331 A CN102239331 A CN 102239331A
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pump
eccentric hoop
pressure service
tappet plate
hardness
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卡斯腾·入多鲁夫
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THIELERT AIRCRAFT ENGINES GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0413—Cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/445—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0265—Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0426—Arrangements for pressing the pistons against the actuated cam; Arrangements for connecting the pistons to the actuated cam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F04B9/04—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
    • F04B9/045—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being eccentrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9038—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9053—Metals
    • F02M2200/9061—Special treatments for modifying the properties of metals used for fuel injection apparatus, e.g. modifying mechanical or electromagnetic properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9092—Sintered materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/10—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/12—Coating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种由航空燃料驱动的共轨式柴油发动机高压泵，所述泵包括偏心环(2)与泵活塞(8)。所述偏心环设于泵壳体(13)内，为多边形并由偏心轴(1)驱动。所述泵活塞(8)经所述偏心环的运行面(4)与挺杆板(3)的接触面(5)作媒介可在泵缸(7)内运动，所述泵活塞运行时连接到所述挺杆板的支持面(10)，预先打磨的接触面(5)和运行面(4)上覆盖有薄的类金刚石碳层(12)，而无覆盖层的支持面(10)被设计成凹形鼓起。偏心环(2)与挺杆板(3)拥有预定的高硬度。由于材料硬度、覆盖层以及凹形支持面的协同效应，摩擦力大幅度降低，所述由航空燃料驱动的高压泵的使用寿命呈数倍增加。

Description

共轨式高压泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由航空燃料驱动的共轨式柴油发动机高压泵，所述高压泵包括偏心环与泵活塞，所述偏心环设于泵壳体内、为多边形并由偏心轴驱动，所述泵活塞经所述偏心环的运行面与挺杆板的接触面作媒介可在泵缸内运动，所述泵活塞运行时连接到所述挺杆板的支持面。
背景技术
在根据共轨工作原理的燃料柴油发动机中，高压泵被用来把燃料保持在共用分配管(轨)中，使燃料处于合适的压强从而随时用于注入燃烧室。一种已知的由柴油机燃料驱动的共轨式柴油发动机高压泵包括偏心环，所述偏心环为三角多边形并由柴油发动机通过偏心轴驱动，其运行面各自在运行时经由作为底部圆盘的挺杆与泵活塞连接，使活塞气缸中的活塞抵抗螺旋式压缩弹簧的压力而运动。所述偏心轴位于泵壳体中，燃料由预进给泵引入所述泵壳体。在所述螺旋式压缩弹簧引发的各活塞的向下运动中，燃料被吸入相应的气缸，在向上运动中被压缩，从而被排入分配管。所述偏心轴轴承的润滑、挺杆与偏心环之间的摩擦表面、挺杆与活塞之间的摩擦表面、以及活塞与气缸之间的运行面均受到熟知的用于柴油发动机的柴油燃料的影响。所述偏心环上的运行面在该活塞的所述底部圆盘(挺杆板)的来回运动处承受大量荷载。因此上述运行面设有磨损保护层。已经有人提议用柴油发动机驱动飞机。然而，由于航空燃料的低润滑性与因此导致的高压泵摩擦部件的高磨损性，在飞机中使用由航空煤油燃料驱动的现有的共轨原理高压泵式的柴油发动机是不现实的。根据共轨原理操作由航空燃料驱动的柴油发动机时，即使在很短作业时间内，亦将导致高压泵的完全失效。
如专利DE 10256525A1描述的内燃机燃料喷射装置采用高压泵，其包括偏心环，所述偏心环通过支架构件移动泵活塞，所述支架构件在覆盖有非晶碳的平面上滑动。
发明内容
故本发明的目的是详述一种根据共轨原理操作的柴油发动机高压泵，所述高压泵即使在使用航空燃料时也有较长的使用寿命。
本发明的目的是由根据权利要求书中的特征设计出的高压泵来完成的。而本发明的实际配置则是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明的实质在于一种以航空燃料驱动的共轨式柴油发动机高压泵，所述高压泵有偏心环与泵活塞，所述偏心环设于泵壳体中，所述偏心环为多边形并由偏心轴驱动，所述泵活塞经所述偏心环的运行面和挺杆板的接触面作媒介可在泵缸内运动，所述泵活塞运行时连接到所述挺杆板的支持面，所述偏心环与所述挺杆板拥有预定的高硬度，类金刚石的薄碳层覆盖于所述预先打磨的接触面和运行面上，而所述无覆盖层的支持面呈凹形弯曲状。尽管所用航空燃料的润滑力低，但由于所述偏心环和挺杆板的硬度以及覆盖在所述预先打磨的运行面和接触面的薄碳层、再加上泵活塞支持面的凹形弯曲状设计的协同效应，运行面和接触面之间的摩擦力可明显降低，使所述高压泵的使用寿命增加500倍。本发明的高压泵意味着对飞机来说，采用由航空燃料驱动的共轨原理柴油发动机已成为可能。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述偏心环由高回火高硬化的钢材构成，具有一定的芯部硬度和增强的表面硬度，其中所述偏心环的所述表面硬度由气体硝化而形成且不低于800HV。
在本发明的又一配置中，所述挺杆板由粉末冶金的完全硬化高速钢构成，具有高刚性和高抗疲劳强度，其中所述挺杆板的硬度不低于800HV10。
在本发明的另一配置中，所述支持面的所述凹形弯曲介于3μm与8μm之间。
下面结合附图对本发明的一典型实施例进行详细说明：
附图说明
图1高压泵在主要摩擦部件处的部分剖面图；
图2所述偏心环的俯视图；以及
图3所述挺杆板的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示高压泵中从偏心轴1经设计为多边形的偏心环2到挺杆板3的动力传动区域的局部视图。挺杆板3随着偏心轴1的偏心旋转运动沿径向交替地向外向内运动。在此过程中，偏心环2(见图2)的运行面4沿着挺杆板3的接触面5进行前后运动。可于泵缸7内前后径向运动的泵活塞8的一端设置在挺杆板3(见图3)的接收孔6中。泵活塞8的端面9在接收孔6中与支持面10接触，使泵活塞8逆着螺旋式压缩弹簧11的作用力向外径向运动，再随弹簧弹力向内运动。如图2所示，偏心环2有3个呈120°角设置的运行面4，每个面在运行时经由挺杆板3与泵活塞8连接。高压泵的泵壳体的符号为13。
为了最小化由于使用航空燃料及其低润滑效果引起的挺杆板3的接触面5与运行面4之间的极高的摩擦力，运行面4和接触面5覆盖有具有类金刚石效果的薄碳层12(DLC：类金刚石碳元素)。偏心环2由高回火高硬化的钢材构成并具有高基础强度、高芯部硬度和一定的表面硬度(优选通过气体硝化获得)。挺杆板3由粉末冶金产生的完全硬化的高速钢制成。偏心环2的基材与挺杆板3的基材在运行面4和各挺杆板3的接触面5处被打磨抛光。通过这种基材设计与表面抛光，保证了相关表面(4、5)上的碳层12的牢固的支持力和附着力。挺杆板3的支持面10上未覆盖有具有类金刚石效果的碳层(DLC层)。然而所述支持面10被设计成大约3至8μm的凹形弯曲状，以减小泵活塞8在挺杆板3上的压力并从而减小运行面4与接触面5之间的表面压力，此外还可以防止在泵活塞8的端面9的力的作用下穿通接收孔6。即使存在高表面压力与燃料的低润滑力，这种使用煤油燃料的共轨原理式飞机柴油发动机的高压泵设计避免了偏心环2与挺杆板3之间的卡死和冷聚变，最终使本发明的高压泵的使用寿命高于通常用于汽车构造中的高压泵的使用寿命大约500倍，并使在飞机中应用共轨式柴油发动机成为可能。
符号说明
1    偏心轴
2    偏心环
3    挺杆板
4    2的运行面
5    3的接触面
6    3的接收孔
7    泵缸
8    泵活塞
9    8的端面
10   3的支持面
11    螺旋式压缩弹簧
12    碳层
13    泵壳体

Claims (6)

1.一种由航空燃料驱动的共轨式柴油发动机高压泵，所述高压泵包括偏心环(2)与泵活塞(8)，所述偏心环(2)设于泵壳体(13)内、为多边形并由偏心轴(1)驱动，所述泵活塞(8)经所述偏心环(2)的运行面(4)与挺杆板(3)的接触面(5)作媒介可在泵缸(7)内运动，所述泵活塞(8)运行时连接到所述挺杆板(3)的支持面(10)，其特征在于：所述偏心环(2)与所述挺杆板(3)各拥有预定的硬度，具有类金刚石效果的薄碳层(12)覆盖于所述预先打磨的接触面(5)和运行面(4)上，而所述无覆盖层的支持面(10)呈凹形弯曲状。
2.如权利要求1所述的高压泵，其特征在于：所述偏心环(2)由高回火高硬化钢材构成，具有确定的芯部硬度和增强的表面硬度。
3.如权利要求2所述的高压泵，其特征在于：所述偏心环(2)的表面硬度由气体硝化形成且不低于800HV。
4.如权利要求1所述的高压泵，其特征在于：所述挺杆板(3)由粉末冶金的完全硬化高速钢构成，具有高刚性和高抗疲劳强度。
5.如权利要求4所述的高压泵，其特征在于：所述挺杆板(3)的硬度不低于800HV10。
6.如权利要求1所述的高压泵，其特征在于：所述支持面(10)的凹曲度介于3μm与8μm之间。
CN200980148699.3A 2008-11-21 2009-11-17 共轨式高压泵 Pending CN102239331A (zh)

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DE102008043993A DE102008043993B3 (de) 2008-11-21 2008-11-21 Common-Rail-Hochdruckpumpe
DE102008043993.2 2008-11-21
PCT/EP2009/065330 WO2010057889A1 (de) 2008-11-21 2009-11-17 Common-rail-hochdruckpumpe

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EP (1) EP2359002A1 (zh)
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CA (1) CA2744293A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102008043993B3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2010057889A1 (zh)

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CN105593519A (zh) * 2013-09-25 2016-05-18 V·拉比 用于液压泵分配器的密封环

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GB201012634D0 (en) * 2010-07-28 2010-09-15 Delphi Technologies Holding Intermediate drive assembly

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CN105593519A (zh) * 2013-09-25 2016-05-18 V·拉比 用于液压泵分配器的密封环
CN105593519B (zh) * 2013-09-25 2017-10-24 V·拉比 用于液压泵分配器的密封环

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US20110220065A1 (en) 2011-09-15
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CA2744293A1 (en) 2010-05-27

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