CN102234254A - 一种苯并异硒唑类化合物及其制备方法和其应用 - Google Patents
一种苯并异硒唑类化合物及其制备方法和其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102234254A CN102234254A CN2010101541073A CN201010154107A CN102234254A CN 102234254 A CN102234254 A CN 102234254A CN 2010101541073 A CN2010101541073 A CN 2010101541073A CN 201010154107 A CN201010154107 A CN 201010154107A CN 102234254 A CN102234254 A CN 102234254A
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类新型取代苯并异硒唑酮衍生物及其制备方法,以及含有取代苯并异硒唑酮衍生物的药物组合物及其用于制备抗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
背景技术
脑瘤已成为危害人类健康的严重疾病之一,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。多种常见原发性恶性肿瘤,如非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小细胞肺癌(SCLC)、乳腺癌、恶性黑色素瘤、结肠直肠癌等因转移发生脑瘤的发病率分别为20%、50%~80%、15%、20%~50%、4%。而脑转移(Brain metastasis)是恶性肿瘤治疗失败的常见原因之一,临床处理通常比较困难。据潘宏铭等报道(《中国临床肿瘤学教育专辑》,2007,恶性肿瘤脑转移的诊治进展),美国每年约有80,000~170,000例新诊断脑转移瘤,欧盟的脑转移瘤发病人数高达210,000。
目前,没有治疗脑瘤的有效手段,主要治疗方法包括手术治疗、全脑放疗(WBRT)、立体定向放疗、化疗、原发肿瘤的治疗、使用肾上腺皮质激素降低颅内压减轻脑水肿以及支持治疗,其中,WBRT被认为是最有效的治疗手段;放疗所致的毒性反应具有蓄积性,患者的生存获益有限,中位生存期为4~6个月;化疗提供了另一重要的抗癌治疗选择,但是化疗在杀伤局部肿瘤的同时,也呈现较为典型的全身性反应。例如,化疗药物替莫唑胺(《[J]Ann Oncol》,2001,12:259-266,Brada M,Hoang Xuan K,Ramp ling R,et al.Multicenter phaseII trail of temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at firstrelap se;《[J]N Engl J Med》,2005,352:987-996,Stupp R,Mas on W P,van den Bent M J,et al.Radiotherapy plusconcomi tant and adjuvanttemozolomide for glioblastoma)能对多种肿瘤(如神经胶质瘤、退行性的星形细胞瘤和恶性黑色素瘤)具有较好的疗效,但也具有恶心、呕吐、倦怠和血液学反应等不良反应(《[J]Journal of Qiqihar Medical College》,2008,29(16):1954,徐梅等,替莫唑胺的临床毒副作用及其对策)。另外,提高靶向性也是有效治疗脑肿瘤的重要途径。
研究表明,化疗药物对实体瘤具有抗肿瘤活性,只要有足量的化疗药物到达脑内,就有可能对发生脑转移的癌细胞产生治疗作用,但治疗关键在于抗肿瘤药物能否很好地通过血脑屏障。尽管许多化疗药物对实体瘤具有治疗活性,但多因存在较难克服的血脑屏障,致使药物到达中枢神经系统的药物浓度不够理想而难以发挥抗脑瘤功效。例如,紫杉醇到达脑脊液(CSF)的浓度仅相当于血浆浓度的0.12%~8.3%。
目前,治疗脑肿瘤的药物主要包括:①亚硝脲类药物,如卡莫司汀(BCNU)、洛莫司汀(CCNU);②其他烷化剂,如甲基苄肼、替莫唑胺(TMZ)。这些抗脑瘤药物能够较好地透过血脑屏障,具有较好的抗脑瘤效果,但存在较为明显的细胞毒性,病人通常具有明显不良反应。
硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)与癌症的关系密切,该酶在肿瘤细胞中表达量是正常组织的10倍,也在脑瘤组织中呈现高表达的特点,Haapasalo等(《[J].Brain Pathology》,2003,13(2):155-164,Haapasalo H,Kylaniemi M,PaunulN,et al.Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Astrocytic Brain Tumors)研究表明,TrxR在433例星形胶质瘤患者中的表达率为66%,且TrxR在弥漫型胶质瘤中染色增强,并与胶质瘤恶性程度呈等级相关,坏死的胶质瘤中TrxR呈强阳性,处于有丝分裂活动期的肿瘤中TrxR呈现高表达特点。
研究表明,苯并异硒唑类化合物为TrxR抑制剂,王立辉(《北京大学硕士学位论文》,2009,创新抗肿瘤药物---乙烷硒啉对硫氧还蛋白还原酶的抑制机制研究)等研究发现,乙烷硒琳是哺乳动物TrxR直接而有效的选择性抑制剂,该化合物通过结合TrxR的C末端活性位点的氨基酸残基(Cys497/SeCys498)而发挥抑制酶活性的功能,并且具有毒性低,临床病人耐受较好等特点,但乙烷硒琳因其脂溶性较差而不能通过血脑屏障。因此,优化和改造苯并异硒唑类化合物的结构,改善其脂溶性,提高其通过血脑屏障的能力,扩展其在抗脑瘤方面的治疗用途,成为研究者迫切需要解决的技术问题。
CN1990475A提供了一种取代苯并异硒唑酮类化合物,该类化合物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤或抗血栓形成作用,该申请所公开的内容作为本申请的参考。
发明内容
需要考虑改造抗脑瘤药物的结构使其能够通过血脑屏障。为此,发明人在改造和优化苯并异硒唑酮类化合物结构时引入一些环烷烃和脂肪烃来改善其脂水分配系数,使其能够透过血脑屏障,从而开发具有脑靶向的新型苯并异硒唑类化合物,该类化合物具有较好的脂溶性和良好的抗脑瘤功效,特别是抗脑瘤功效。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗肿瘤活性的式(I)或(II)所示结构的苯并异硒唑衍生物或其药物学上可接受的盐:
其中,
R1、R3各自独立为C1-C6烷基,环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、优选为甲基、环己基中的任一种;
R2选自C1-12亚烷基、亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三苯基、亚环己烷、环戊烷、-RaSSRa-、-(RaO)nRa-、-(CH2)(RaO)3Ra-、-RaN(CH3)2Ra或-RaNH Ra-;
Rg-OH中的任一种;
R5为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
R6为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
其中,Ra是C1-6亚烷基;Rb为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基;Rc、Rd独立选自H、C1-C6烷基或苯基,或Rc、Rd与连接的N形成含氮杂环或含氮杂芳环;Re、Rg为C1-C6烷基;Rf为C3-C7环烷基;
n为0-4。
本发明的另一目的提供一种具有抗肿瘤活性的式(I’)的苯并异硒唑衍生物或其药物学上可接受的盐,
其中,R1、R3各自独立为C1-C6烷基,环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、优选为甲基、环己烷基中的任一种;
R2选自C1-12亚烷基、亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三苯基、亚环己烷、环戊烷、-Ra SS Ra-、-(Ra O)n Ra-、-(CH2)(Ra O)3Ra-、-Ra N(CH3)2Ra或-Ra NHRa-。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有抗肿瘤活性的式II’化合物或其药物学上可接受的盐,
其中,R1、R3各自独立为C1-C6烷基,环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、优选为甲基、环己烷基中的任一种;
R4为氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C7环烷基、
R5为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
R6为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
其中,Ra是C1-6亚烷基;Rb为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基;Rc、Rd独立选自H、C1-C6烷基或苯基,或Rc、Rd与连接的N形成含氮杂环或含氮杂芳环;Re、Rg为C1-C6烷基;Rf为C3-C7环烷基。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有抗肿瘤活性的苯并异硒唑类化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有下述1-12所示结构:
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述药物上可接受的盐选自由无机酸或有机酸加合所得的酸盐,如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、高氯酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、枸橼酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乳酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、苯甲酸盐的任一种或其组合;或者由无机碱或有机碱加和所得的碱盐,如碱土金属盐、有机胺盐的任一种或其组合。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述碱土金属盐选自镁盐或钙盐的任一种或其组合。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述有机胺盐选自吗啉盐、哌啶盐、三烷基胺盐、吡啶盐、二甲胺盐、二乙胺盐的任一种或其组合。
为了清楚表述本发明的保护范围,发明人对下列基团作如下定义:
“C1-C6烷基”包括具有1~6个碳原子的直链或支链低级烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、叔戊基或己基等。
所述“C1-C6烷氧基”包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、叔戊氧基或己氧基等。
所述“C1-C12亚烷基”包括具有1~12个碳原子的直链亚烷基,优选1-6个碳原子的亚烷基,例如亚甲基、亚乙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基或1,6-亚己基。
所述“亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三苯基”、“亚环己烷、亚环戊烷”是指含有两个连接键的取代基,比如,亚苯基包括1,2-亚苯基、1,3-亚苯基、1,4-亚苯基,亚环己烷包括1,2-亚己基、1,3-亚己基、1,4-亚己基,亚环戊基包括1,2-环戊基或1,3-环戊基。
“芳基”包括苯基、萘基等,并且所述芳基可以具有一个或多个(最好是1~3个)合适的取代基,例如卤素、腈基、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、单(或二或三)卤代(低级)烷基等。
所述“杂芳基”是指包括1个、2个、3个或4个诸如氨、氧或硫的杂原子的5-元芳环或6元芳环,以及与芳基环、环烷基环、杂芳基环或杂环烷基环稠合的这类环(例如,苯并噻吩基、吲哚基),并且包括可能的N-氧化物。所述杂芳基可以任选包括1-4个取代基,合适的取代基选自卤素、腈基、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、单(或二或三)卤代(低级)烷基等取代基;
“环烷基”是指4-元、5-元、6-元或7-元饱和或部分不饱和的碳环,所述环可以被合适的取代基例如卤素、腈基、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、单(或二或三)卤代(低级)烷基等取代。
“杂环烷基”或“杂环”是指4-元、5-元、6-元或7-元饱和或部分不饱和的环,它包括1-2个诸如氮、氧和/或硫的杂原子。可以具有一个或多个(最好是1~3个)合适的取代基,例如,卤素、腈基、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、单(或二或三)卤代(低级)烷基等。
所述“含氮”杂环或杂芳环,指至少含有一个N的环。
本发明的目的在于提供通式(I)或(II)所示结构苯并异硒唑类化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
2)
2Se+4NaOH+Na2s2O4→Na2Se2+Na2SO3+2H2O
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种药物组合物,该组合物包含式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐的任一种或其组合和药物学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述药物组合物适用于肠内(例如口服或直肠给药)、局部或肠胃外给药,例如,口服、注射、植入、外用、喷雾、吸入等。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述口服药物组合物选自片剂(普通片、含片、舌下片、口腔贴片、咀嚼片、分散片、可溶片、泡腾片、阴道片或阴道泡腾片、缓释片、控释片、肠溶片、口腔速释片等)、胶囊剂(硬胶囊、软胶囊、缓释胶囊、控释胶囊、肠溶胶囊等)、丸剂(滴丸、糖丸、小丸)、口服液体制剂(糖浆剂、混悬剂、口服溶液剂、口服混悬剂、口服乳剂、糖浆剂、合剂、露剂或茶剂)、颗粒剂(混悬颗粒、泡腾颗粒、肠溶颗粒、缓释颗粒、控释颗粒等)、散剂的任一种。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述注射剂包括注射液、注射用无菌粉末或无菌块状物(包括采用溶剂结晶法、喷雾干燥法或冷冻干燥法等工艺制备)、输液、注射用浓溶液的任一种。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述外用制剂选自栓剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、喷雾剂、膜剂、凝胶剂、贴剂、胶剂、贴膏剂、膏药、软膏剂、搽剂、洗剂、涂抹剂、凝膏剂的任一种。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,可采用本领域熟知的制剂技术手段来制备本发明组合物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述药物组合物选自包合制剂或分散制剂。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述的药学上可接受的载体为本领域熟知用于制备上述制剂的常用赋形剂或辅料,其中,口服制剂或外用制剂常用的赋形剂或辅料包括但不仅限于填充剂或稀释剂、润滑剂或助流剂或抗粘着剂、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、调节剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、抑菌剂、乳化剂等。粘合剂,例如糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素及其衍生物、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉浆或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,优选的纤维素衍生物为微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素;填充剂,例如乳糖、糖粉、糊精、淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐、山梨醇或甘氨酸,优选无机钙盐为硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、沉降碳酸钙;润滑剂,例如微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇;崩解剂,例如淀粉及其衍生物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素,优选的淀粉衍生物为羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉;湿润剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠、水或醇等,优选药学上可接受的载体为环糊精(α-环糊精、β-环糊精或γ-环糊精)、Celldone 102 CG、Polyplasdone XL-10、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁或乙醇等。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述注射剂常用的赋形剂或辅料包括但不仅限于:抗氧剂,例如硫代硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、二丁基苯酸或焦亚硫酸钠等;抑菌剂,例如0.5%苯酚、0.3%甲酚、0.5%三氯叔丁醇;pH调节剂,例如盐酸、枸橼酸、氢氧化钾(钠)、枸橼酸钠及缓冲剂磷酸二氧钠和磷酸氢二钠;乳化剂,例如聚山梨酯-80、没酸山梨坦、普流罗尼克F-68,卵磷酯、豆磷脂;增溶剂,例如吐温-80、甘油等。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,还可将活性成分与药学上可接受的缓控释载体按其制备要求加以混合,再按照本领域熟知的缓控释制剂的制备方法,如加入阻滞剂包衣或将活性成分微囊化后再制成微丸,如缓释微丸或控释微丸;所述的缓控释载体包括但不仅限于油脂性掺入剂、亲水胶体或包衣阻滞剂等,所述的油脂性掺入剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯、氢化蓖麻油、矿油、聚硅氧烷、二甲基硅氧烷;所述的亲水胶体为羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素等纤维素衍生物,或PVP、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶或卡波普等;所述的包衣阻滞剂为乙基纤维素(EC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HMPC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素(CAP)、丙烯酸类树脂等。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,根据所需给药方式,药学上可接受的组合物包含约1-99重量%的式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐的任一种或其组合,以及1-99重量%适宜的药用赋形剂。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述药物组合物中包含约5-75重量%的式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐的任一种或其组合,余量为药用赋形剂。
本发明的还一个方面是提供式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物用于制备抗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述抗肿瘤作用是指用于预防或治疗异常细胞生长,所述异常细胞生长可以表现为肿瘤,所述肿瘤选自脑瘤、肺癌、肝癌、血癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、黑素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、胃癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、前列腺癌、淋巴细胞瘤、膀胱癌、肾癌、输尿管癌、脊椎肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、肺癌、肝癌、血癌的任一种,优选为脑瘤。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明的苯并异硒唑酮类化合物在治疗肿瘤的给药剂量约为0.05-250mg/Kg体重,优选为0.5-200mg/Kg体重,更优选为2-125mg/Kg体重,最更优选为5-85mg/Kg体重。
附图说明
图1化合物1对荷瘤(U87)小鼠肿瘤体积的影响;
图2化合物1对荷瘤(U87)小鼠体重的影响;
图3化合物1对荷瘤(U87)小鼠瘤重的影响。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例具体说明本发明,本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并非限定本发明的实质。
实施例1 5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯的制备
1)在烧杯中加入33g 2-氨基-5-羟基苯甲酸,并加入30ml浓盐酸与200ml水组成的混合液,冰浴,保持反应温度在5℃以下,缓慢滴加21g NaNO2溶于35ml水中的溶液,滴完后继续反应2小时,制得重氮盐溶液,备用;
2)取100ml水并在其中加入15g NaOH,置于50℃搅拌溶解后,少量多次加入15g连二亚硫酸钠(Na 2 S 2 O 4 ),待澄清后加入15g硒粉,加完后继续反应3个小时,制得Na2Se2溶液,备用;
3)搅拌条件下,将1)步中得到的重氮盐滴加到2)步反应制得的Na2Se2溶液中,保持反应温度在5℃以下,滴完后继续反应2小时,并保证溶液显碱性。反应完成后,混合物用盐酸酸化,过滤得固体,水洗后置于燥干箱中干燥,制得5,5’-羟基-2,2’-二硒化双苯甲酸约15g,备用,产率约32%;
4)将60ml甲醇和6ml水置于烧瓶中,放入2.4g氢氧化钾,待溶解后,加入2.4g的2,2,-二硒化双-5,5,-羟基苯甲酸,再加入3.6ml碘甲烷,温度保持80℃反应16小时,反应完成后加入适量盐酸酸化,使pH<3,抽滤得滤液,滤液中加入少量水,并加入乙酸乙酯萃取,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥一天后旋干,制得5,5’-甲氧基-2,2’-二硒化双苯甲酸粗品。经柱层析(石油醚∶丙酮=6∶1),制得其纯品0.5g.产率约20%.m.p.234-236℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:8.098-8.076(d,2H,J=7.2HZ),7.409-7.380(dd,2H,J=2.8HZ,8.8HZ),7.261-7.254(d,2H,J=2.8HZ),3.834(d,6H)
MS-FAB:m/z=462.91[M+H]+
5)取0.4g的5,5’-甲氧基-2,2’-二硒化双苯甲酸和2ml二氯亚砜,并在其中加入1滴DMF,搅拌回流3小时,旋去多余的二氯亚砜,残渣加入50ml石油醚,回流30min,过滤,取滤液,滤液旋至半干,制得5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯,备用。
实施例2 2-环己基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.118g(0.0012mol)环己胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加若干滴三乙胺,再滴加0.30g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后,反应2小时后,旋干溶剂。柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1),制得0.20g 2-环己基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品,产率约62%,m.p.190-192℃。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.938-7.909(d,1H,J=8.7HZ),7.293(s,1H),7.231-7.203(d,1H,J=8.4HZ),4.197(s,1H),3.804(s,3H),1.889-1.604(m,5H),1.405-1.201(m,5H)
MS-FAB:m/z=312.03[M+H]+
实施例3 2-环丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.068g(0.0012mol)环丙胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干滴三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时后,旋干溶剂。柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=1∶3),制得0.15g 2-环丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品,产率约62%,m.p.186-189℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.85-7.83(d,1H,J=8.0HZ),7.27-7.26(d,1H,J=4.0HZ),7.23-7.20(dd,1H,J=4.4HZ,8.0HZ),3.80(s,3H),3.03-2.99(m,1H),0.97-0.92(m,2H),0.81-0.77(m,2H)
MS-FAB:m/z=269.99[M+H]+
实施例4 2-环戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.102g(0.0012mol)环戊胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干滴三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时后,旋干溶剂。柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1),制得0.18g2-环戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品,产率约58%,m.p.171-173℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.917-7.895(d,1H,J=8.8HZ),7.295-7.289(d,1H,J=2.4HZ),7.244-7.222(dd,1H,J=2.4HZ,8.8HZ),3.814(s,3H),3.430(s,1H),2.073-2.043(m,2H),1.781-1.770(m,2H),1.655-1.591(m,4H)
MS-FAB:m/z=298.01[M+H]+
实施例5 N-环己基-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.156g(0.0012mol)N-(3-氨丙基)环己胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干滴三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时后,旋干溶剂。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=1∶1),制得0.16g N-环己基-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品,产率约42%,m.p.190-192℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.936-7.915(d,1H,J=8.4HZ),7.301-7.294(d,1H,J=2.8HZ),7.250-7.221(dd,1H,J=2.8HZ,8.8HZ),3.819(s,3H),3.774-3.754(d,2H,J=8.0HZ),2.612-2.578(t,2H,J=13.6HZ),2.436-1.368(m,1H),1.833-1.519(m,6H),1.235-1.002(m,6H)
MS-FAB:m/z=369.10[M+H]+
实施例6 2-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.708g(0.0012mol)正丙胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入五滴三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,旋干溶剂。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=3∶2),制得0.17g 2-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品,产率约60%,m.p.175-177℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.907(s,1H),7.305-7.237(brd,2H),3.821(s,3H),3.664(s,2H),1.629(s,2H),0.881(s,3H)
MS-FAB:m/z=272.00[M+H]+
实施例7 2-正戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.104g(0.0012mol)正戊胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入五滴三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,旋干溶剂。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=1∶2),制得2-正戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品0.18g,产率约58%,m.p.163-165℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.909-7.888(d,1H,J=8.4HZ),7.303-7.296(d,1H,J=2.8HZ),7.245-7.217(dd,1H,J=2.8HZ,8.8HZ),3.814(s,3H),3.707-3.671(t,2H,J=7.2HZ),1.626-1.591(m,2H),1.311-1.258(m,4H),0.864-0.829(t,3H,J=6.8HZ)
MS-FAB:m/z=300.03[M+H]+
实施例8 2-羟乙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.136g(0.0022mol)乙醇胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,旋干溶剂。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=4∶1,并加入5滴酸),制得2-羟乙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品0.14g,产率约50%,m.p.147-149℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.908-7.886(d,1H,J=8.8HZ),7.319-7.313(d,1H,J=2.4HZ),7.246-7.218(dd,1H,J=2.8HZ,8.8HZ),5.102-5.078(t,1H,J=4.8HZ),3.813-3.781(m,5H),3.626-3.613(m,2H)
MS-FAB:m/z=273.99[M+H]+
实施例9 2-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.133g(0.0012mol)4-氟苯胺溶于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干三乙胺,再滴加0.3g(0.00105mol)5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,抽滤,取固体。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=3∶2),制得2-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品0.23g,产率约67%,m.p.190-192℃。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.959-7.930(d,1H,J=8.7HZ),7.627-7.610(d,2H,J=5.1HZ),7.378-7.194(m,4H),3.842(s,3H)
MS-FAB:m/z=323.97[M+H]+
实施例10 2-(4-羧基苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮的制备
将0.301g(0.0022mol)4-氨基苯甲酸溶于10ml二氯甲烷中,再滴加5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯0.3g(0.00105mol)溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,抽滤,取固体。柱层析(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚=3∶1,加入2滴酸),制得2-(4-羧基苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮纯品0.24g,产率约66%,m.p.195-197℃。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:8.063-8.793(m,3H),7.813-7.785(d,2H,J=8.4HZ),7.402(s,1H),7.336-7.304(d,2h,J=9.6HZ),3.858(s,3H)
MS-FAB:m/z=349.99[M+H]+
实施例11 1,2-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]乙烷的制备
将0.036g(0.0006mol)乙二胺于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干三乙胺,再滴加5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯0.3g(0.00105mol)溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,抽滤得固体。柱层析(乙酯乙酯∶甲醇=1∶1),得1,2-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]乙烷纯品0.04g,产率约16%,m.p.315-317℃。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.990-7.960(d,2H,J=9.0HZ),7.273(s,2H),7.189-7.159(dd,2H,J=2.7HZ,9.0HZ),3.951(s,4H),3.796(s,6H)
MS-FAB:m/z=484.94[M+H]+
实施例12 1,4-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]丁烷
将0.036g(0.0006mol)乙二胺于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干三乙胺,再滴加5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯0.3g(0.00105mol)溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,抽滤得固体。DMSO-H2O重结晶(DMSO∶H2O=5∶1),控制温度不高于120℃,得1,4-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]丁烷0.050g,收率约20%,m.p.275-277℃。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.89-7.87(d,2H,J=8.0HZ),7.29-7.28(d,2H,J=4.0HZ),7.23-7.21(dd,2H,J=4.0HZ,8.0HZ),3.80(s,6H),3.73(s,4H)1.63(s,4H)
MS-FAB:m/z=511.06[M+H]+
实施例13 1,5-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]戊烷
将0.036g(0.0006mol)乙二胺于2ml二氯甲烷中,并加入若干三乙胺,再滴加5-甲氧基-2-硒氯苯甲酰氯0.3g(0.00105mol)溶于2ml二氯甲烷的混合溶液。滴加完成后反应2小时,抽滤得固体。DMSO-H2O重结晶(DMSO∶H2O=5∶1),控制温度不高于120℃,得1,5-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]戊烷0.06g,收率约22%,m.p.269-271℃。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)
δ:7.912-7.884(d,2H,J=8.4HZ),7.297-7.289(d,2H,J=2.4HZ),7.254-7.225(dd,2H,J=2.4HZ,8.7HZ),3.820(s,6H),3.762-3.674(t,4H,J=2.4HZ),1.622(m,4H),1.326-1.233(m,2H)
MS-FAB:m/z=526.99[M+H]+
实施例14 化合物1-12的脂溶性评价
按照《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年版)方法,考察了本发明制得的化合物1-12在石油醚、甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等溶剂中的脂溶性。
将本发明制得的化合物1-12样品研成细粉,在25℃±2℃条件下,将其置于一定容量的溶剂中,每隔5分钟强力振摇30秒,观察30分钟内的溶解情况。如无目视可见的溶质颗粒或液滴时,即视为完全溶解。结果见表1。
表1 化合物1-12的脂溶性考察结果
编号 | 化合物名称 | 溶解性 |
1 | 2-环己基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中易溶,在乙酯乙酯中溶解,在甲苯中微溶,在二氯甲烷中略溶,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
2 | 2-环丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中溶解,在乙酯乙酯中略溶,在甲苯中极微溶解,在二氯甲烷中微溶,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
3 | 2-环戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中易溶,在乙酯乙酯中溶解,在甲苯中微溶,在二氯甲烷中略溶,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
4 | N-环己基-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中略溶,在乙酯乙酯中微溶,在甲苯中极微溶解,在二氯甲烷中极微溶解,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
5 | 2-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中易溶,在乙酯乙酯中溶解,在甲苯中微溶,在二氯甲烷中略溶,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
6 | 2-正戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中易溶,在乙酯乙酯中溶解,在甲苯中微溶,在二氯甲烷中略溶,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
7 | 22-羟乙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中略溶,在乙酯乙酯中微溶,在甲苯中极微溶解,在二氯甲烷中极微溶解,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
8 | 2-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中略溶,在乙酯乙酯中微溶,在甲苯中极微溶解,在二氯甲烷中极微溶解,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
9 | 2-(4-羧基苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮 | 在甲醇中略溶,在乙酯乙酯中微溶,在甲苯中极微溶解,在二氯甲烷中极微溶解,在石油醚中极微溶解 |
10 | 1,2-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]乙烷 | 在甲醇中极微溶解,在乙酯乙酯中几乎不溶,在甲苯中几乎不溶,在二氯甲烷和石油醚中均几乎不溶 |
11 | 1,4-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]丁烷 | 在甲醇中极微溶解,在乙酯乙酯中几乎不溶,在甲苯中几乎不溶,在二氯甲烷和石油醚中均几乎不溶 |
12 | 1,5-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]戊烷 | 在甲醇中微溶,在乙酯乙酯中极微溶解,在甲苯中几乎不溶,在二氯甲烷和石油醚中均几乎不溶 |
实施例15 化合物1-12的体外抗肿瘤活性研究
采用MTT法,研究了本发明化合物1-12对人胶质瘤细胞(U87)的体外生长抑制活性。
取处于对数生长期的U87细胞接种于96孔板,接种密度为5×104个/ml,180μl/孔;待细胞贴壁后,每孔加入20μl的药液,使药物终浓度分别为0μM,5μM,10μM,20μM,50μM,作用48h后,加入5mg/ml的MTT溶液(20μl/孔),放入CO2孵箱培养3~4h后,小心弃上清,待残留液体风干后,加入酸化异丙醇(50μl浓盐酸溶于500ml异丙醇),200μl/孔,于摇床上振摇30min-1h,待结晶完全溶解后,于酶标仪570nm处测吸光度OD值,结果见表2。
细胞存活率%=(加药细胞OD-空白组OD)/(对照细胞OD-空白组OD)×100;
细胞杀伤率%=1-细胞存活率%。
表2 化合物1-12体外对U87细胞作用48h的抑制活性(IC50)
化合物编号 | U87肿瘤细胞的抑制活性(μM) |
1 | 2.00 |
2 | >50 |
3 | 47.00 |
4 | >50 |
5 | 35.60 |
6 | >50 |
7 | >50 |
8 | 29.16 |
9 | 45.56 |
10 | 4.82 |
11 | 5.76 |
12 | 35.38 |
实施例16 化合物1的体内抗肿瘤活性研究
本实验考察了化合物1(即2-环己基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮)治疗10天后的体内抗肿瘤活性。
1材料和方法
1.1实验动物
体重16-18g的雄性昆明小鼠40只(由北京大学医学部实验动物中心提供,许可证号:SYXK(京)2006-0008),随机分为5组,即阴性对照组,实验组(高剂量、中剂量、低剂量),阳性对照组。其中,阴性对照组,正常饲养,给予相应给药量的5‰ CMC-Na溶液;实验组,腋下接种U87神经胶质瘤,待肿瘤长到一定体积后分别灌胃给予不同剂量化合物1,其中,低剂量组给药量为18mg/kg/天,中剂量组给药量为36mg/kg/天,高剂量组给药量为72mg/kg/天;阳性对照组为替莫唑胺(TMZ)组,给药剂量为22mg/Kg/天。
给药后,每天检测肿瘤体积的变化,用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的长短径,并计算其肿瘤体积(TV)、抑瘤率、相对肿瘤体积(RTV)、T/C%、体重变化、白细胞计数、瘤重等,结果见表3-4和图1-3。
表3 U87荷瘤小鼠的白细胞计数情况
组别 | 白细胞计数 |
阴性对照 | (8.89±3.53)×109 |
低剂量组 | (10.9±3.46)×109 |
中剂量组 | (9.56±7.95)×109 |
高剂量组 | (7.33±3)×109 |
TMZ | (8.04±3.23)×109 |
2 实验结论
1)体内研究表明,化合物1的低剂量组的抑瘤率为42.34%(P<0.001);中剂量组的抑瘤率为46.73%(P<0.001);高剂量组的抑瘤率为57.14%(P<0.001);TMZ的抑瘤率为78.36%(P<0.001),表明化合物1在体内表现良好的抗肿瘤作用,且抗肿瘤效果显著。
2)与阴性对照组相比,实验组小鼠在治疗过程中体重一直在增长,在治疗结束前有所下降,但与原始体重持平;TMZ组小鼠体重有所下降,未超过原始体重的20%,表明化合物1具有较低的药物毒性。
3)由表3可见,各组间的白细胞计数没有显著性差异(P>0.05),同样表明化合物1具有较低的药物毒性。
硫氧还蛋白还原酶在肿瘤组织中广泛高表达,苯并异硒唑酮类化合物可选择识别硫氧还蛋白还原酶而呈现良好的靶向性,并且,本发明的药物具有较好的脂溶性,可以良好通过血脑屏障,可用于脑瘤的防治,显著拓展已有苯并异硒唑酮类化合物的应用范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种具有抗肿瘤活性的式(I)或(II)的苯并异硒唑衍生物或其药物学上可接受的盐:
其中,R1、R3各自独立为C1-C6烷基,环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、优选为甲基、环己烷基中的任一种;
R2选自C1-12亚烷基、亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三苯基、亚环己烷、环戊烷、-RaSSRa-、-(RaO)nRa-、-(CH2)(RaO)3Ra-、-RaN(CH3)2Ra 或-RaNH Ra-;
R5为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
R6为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
其中,Ra是C1-6亚烷基;R6为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基;Rc、Rd独立选自H、C1-C6烷基或苯基,或Rc、Rd与连接的N形成含氮杂环或含氮杂芳环;Re、Rg为C1-C6烷基;Rf为C3-C7环烷基;
n为0-4。
3.一种具有抗肿瘤活性的式II’化合物或其药物学上可接受的盐,
其中,R1、R3各自独立为C1-C6烷基,环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、优选为甲基、环己烷基中的任一种;
R5为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
R6为氢、卤素、腈基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、N(C1-C6烷基)2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、COORb、SO3Rb;
其中,Ra是C1-6亚烷基;Rb为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基;Rc、Rd独立选自H、C1-C6烷基或苯基,或Rc、Rd与连接的N形成含氮杂环或含氮杂芳环;Re、Rg为C1-C6烷基;Rf为C3-C7环烷基。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的苯并异硒唑类化合物,所述化合物包括:
化合物1,2-环己基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物2,2-环丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物3,2-环戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物4,N-环己基-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物5,2-正丙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物6,2-正戊基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物7,2-羟乙基-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物8,2-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物9,2-(4-羧基苯基)-5-甲氧基苯并[d][1,2]-硒唑-3(2H)-酮;或
化合物10,1,2-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]乙烷;或
化合物11,1,4-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]丁烷;或
化合物12,1,5-[二(5-甲氧基-1,2-苯并异硒唑-3(2H)-酮)]戊烷。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的苯并异硒唑类化合物,所述药物上可接受的盐选自由无机酸或有机酸加合所得的酸盐,优选为盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、高氯酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、枸橼酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乳酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、苯甲酸盐的任一种或其组合;或者所述药物上可接受的盐选自由无机碱或有机碱加和所得的碱盐,优选为碱土金属盐、有机胺盐的任一种或其组合,更优选为镁盐、钙盐、吗啉盐、哌啶盐、三烷基胺盐、吡啶盐、二甲胺盐、二乙胺盐的任一种或其组合。
6.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含权利要求1-5任一项所述结构的式I、式II、式I’、式II’化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐的任一种或其组合和药物学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物适用于肠内、局部或肠胃外给药,优选为口服、注射、植入、外用、喷雾、吸入、直肠给药的任一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,所述口服药物组合物选自片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、口服液体制剂、颗粒剂、散剂的任一种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,所述注射剂选自注射液、注射用无菌粉末或无菌块状物、输液、注射用浓溶液的任一种。
10.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,所述外用制剂选自栓剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、喷雾剂、膜剂、凝胶剂、贴剂、胶剂、贴膏剂、膏药、软膏剂、搽剂、洗剂、涂抹剂、凝膏剂的任一种。
11.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物选自包合制剂或分散制剂。
12.根据权利要求6-11任一项所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物中含有1-99重量%的式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐的任一种或其组合,优选为5-75重量%。
13.权利要求1-5任一项所述的式I、式II、式I’、式II’所示结构化合物、化合物1-12或其药物学上可接受的盐或权利要求6-12任一项所述的药物组合物用于制备抗肿瘤的药物中的应用。
14.根据权利要求13所述的应用,所述肿瘤选自脑瘤、肺癌、肝癌、血癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、黑素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、胃癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、前列腺癌、淋巴细胞瘤、膀胱癌、肾癌、输尿管癌、脊椎肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、肺癌、肝癌、血癌的任一种,优选为脑瘤。
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