CN102231551B - Battery charger combining charging time and service life of battery - Google Patents
Battery charger combining charging time and service life of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102231551B CN102231551B CN201110185824.7A CN201110185824A CN102231551B CN 102231551 B CN102231551 B CN 102231551B CN 201110185824 A CN201110185824 A CN 201110185824A CN 102231551 B CN102231551 B CN 102231551B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a battery charger combining charging time and the service life of a battery. The battery charger comprises a master controller, a charging control circuit, a voltage acquisition module, a current acquisition module, a temperature detection module, a protective circuit module, a working state indication module, a display module and a power conversion module, wherein the master controller is connected with the charging control circuit, the voltage acquisition module, the current acquisition module, the temperature detection module, the protective circuit module, the working state indication module and the display module respectively; and the charging control circuit, the voltage acquisition module, the current acquisition module and the temperature detection module are connected with the battery to be charged respectively. The battery charger further comprises a human-computer interaction module connected with the master controller. Compared with the prior art, the battery charger has the advantages of enabling a user to self-define the charging time and realizing reduction in the ageing of the battery by regulating a charging rate under the condition of relatively longer charging time, prolonging the service life of the battery, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery charger, especially relate to a kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technical fast development, secondary cell is widely used every field.The ability of battery actual storage electric weight is to weigh the important parameter of battery performance, for same (group) battery, the electric weight that can emit and the electric weight that can be filled with have very large correlation, an important indicator weighing battery flying power so be filled with electric weight, for ensureing the long-time normal work of equipment, battery need to be stored abundant electric weight, the electric energy that is filled with as much as possible in this time that just requires to allow in charging; Secondly, be also a vital parameter useful life of battery, extending battery life to greatest extent, and for reducing equipment cost, protection of the environment etc. are significant.Under the identical situation of environmental condition, the charging rate of battery is determined by rate of charge, rate of charge is larger, charging rate is faster, be that the charging interval is shorter, but between battery life and rate of charge, exist great negative correlation, rate of charge more battery life is shorter, otherwise battery life is longer.
Charger is that the energy content of battery is carried out to supplementary special equipment, but charger in the market generally can only be according to the pattern charging of default setting, the weak point of such charger can be summarized as follows: (1) user cannot set the charging interval voluntarily, uncontrollable charging process, can not regulate charging rate; (2) charger is according to the fixing rate of charge charging of setting, rate of charge is fixed value to the impact of cell degradation, have under the condition of long period charging, charger cannot be by regulating rate of charge to realize reduction cell degradation, the function of extending battery life.There are good practical value and wide market prospects so take into account the battery charger of charging interval and battery life.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life in order to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life, comprise master controller, charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module, protective circuit module, operating state indicating module, display module, power transfer module, described main controller respectively with charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module, protective circuit module, operating state indicating module, display module connects, described charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module is connected with pond to be charged respectively, it is characterized in that, also comprise the human-computer interaction module being connected with main controller,
Described master controller is User Defined charging interval pattern or system default pattern according to the input validation mode of operation of human-computer interaction module;
If User Defined charging interval pattern, the charging interval information of user's input is sent to master controller by human-computer interaction module, master controller is according to the charging interval information of receiving, in conjunction with passing through the battery parameter of voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module and temperature detecting module dynamic acquisition, determine the charged state of battery, calculate suitable rate of charge, then by charging control circuit, battery is charged;
If system default pattern, according to the Pattern completion charging task of acquiescence, and user can set the charging interval by human-computer interaction module at any time under this pattern, after the User Defined charging interval set, master controller can switch to User Defined charging interval pattern by system default pattern by mode of operation.
Described voltage acquisition module gathers cell voltage, and current acquisition module gathers charging current, and temperature detecting module gathers battery temperature, and main controller controls voltage, electric current, temperature sampling frequency, play the effect of real-time detection battery status.
Described human-computer interaction module comprises keyboard, realizes the input of setting-up time by keyboard.
It is described that to calculate suitable rate of charge step as follows:
(1) first calculate the real account constant volume of battery;
(2) then calculate the electric weight of current battery storage;
(3) calculate respectively according to real account constant volume the electric weight that the needs of preliminary filling stage, constant-current phase, constant-voltage phase are filled with;
(4) last calculative determination constant current charge multiplying power.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has can realize the User Defined setting charging interval, in the time that can require user, ensureing the electric weight that is filled with as much as possible under the condition of cell safety, also can under allowing, the time realize reduction cell degradation, the function of extending battery life by adjusting rate of charge.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is general flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is charging process flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is User Defined charging interval model program flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that voltage, capacity, the temperate zone that the present invention is stored in charger is related to schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is User Defined charging interval pattern rate of charge calculation process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life, comprise master controller 1, charging control circuit 2, voltage acquisition module 3, current acquisition module 4, temperature detecting module 5, protective circuit module 6, operating state indicating module 7, display module 8, power transfer module 9, described main controller 1 respectively with charging control circuit 2, voltage acquisition module 3, current acquisition module 4, temperature detecting module 5, protective circuit module 6, operating state indicating module 7, display module 8 connects, described charging control circuit 2, voltage acquisition module 3, current acquisition module 4, temperature detecting module 5 is connected with pond to be charged respectively, also comprise the human-computer interaction module 10 being connected with main controller,
Described master controller 1 is User Defined charging interval pattern or system default pattern according to the input validation mode of operation of human-computer interaction module 10;
If User Defined charging interval pattern, the charging interval information of user's input is sent to master controller 1 by human-computer interaction module 10, master controller 1 is according to the charging interval information of receiving, in conjunction with passing through the battery parameter of voltage acquisition module 3, current acquisition module 4 and temperature detecting module 5 dynamic acquisition, determine the charged state of battery, calculate suitable rate of charge, then by charging control circuit 2, battery is charged;
If system default pattern, according to the Pattern completion charging task of acquiescence, and user can set the charging interval by human-computer interaction module at any time under this pattern, after the User Defined charging interval set, master controller 1 can switch to User Defined charging interval pattern by system default pattern by mode of operation.
Described charger also has that battery performance detects, battery failures prompting, according to battery temperature dynamic adjustments charging current, and the function such as auto-breaking protection.
The master controller 1 of charger can select single-chip microcomputer/DSP/MCU/MPU etc. to realize control, and according to the difference of the controller of selecting, corresponding hardware circuit needs corresponding change.
Voltage acquisition module 3 and current acquisition module 4 can be realized or be realized by the microprocessor with AD function by AD converter, require to select suitable AD converter or microprocessor according to different sampling precisions, sample frequency can be set by charger master controller 1.
Temperature detecting module 5 can be made up of temperature sensor or thermistor and corresponding circuit, by charger master controller 1 design temperature sample frequency, realizes the Real-Time Monitoring to battery temperature.
Human-computer interaction module 10 can, by the electric circuit constitute such as button or touch-screen, be realized the function of user's setting-up time by this module.
The charging interval value that master controller 1 is set by user, determine the state of battery in conjunction with the dynamic data gathering by voltage acquisition module 3, current acquisition module 4 and temperature detecting module 5, calculate suitable rate of charge, realize charging voltage to battery and the controlled control of charging current according to charging control circuit, can realize different charging voltages and the respective change of charging current according to the different charge mode of battery.Realize the countdown function in battery charging interval by timing module, then by the dynamic presentation information of display module 8.
The present embodiment is described in detail as an example of lithium ion battery example, but the present invention is not only confined to lithium ion battery, and the personnel of correlative technology field can do corresponding amendment and optimize according to dissimilar battery behavior with reference to the present embodiment easily.
Main-process stream of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, after system power-up initializing, first judge charger operating state, operating state has four kinds (can increase or simplify according to concrete actual demand): the battery of access needs that the battery of charging, access is full of, battery failures, do not connect battery, system is selected different mode of operations automatically according to different battery statuss:
(1) if battery needs charging, first judge battery initial charge pattern according to cell voltage, start charging and adopt preliminary filling, constant current or constant voltage mode, and complete charging task according to the charge sequence of setting, charging finishes, system disconnects charging circuit automatically, prevents that over-charging of battery from causing the damage of battery.
(2), if battery is full of, shows that battery has been full of information, and automatically disconnect charging circuit.
(3), if battery exists fault, show battery failures information, and automatically disconnect charging circuit.
(4), if link without battery, do not do any information and show, and automatically disconnect all circuit, with energy savings.
Fig. 3 is complete charging process flow chart, and complete charging process is divided into three successive stages, i.e. trickle precharge pattern, constant current charging mode, constant voltage charge pattern.First detect current battery voltage value V
bAT, when lower than low voltage threshold V
mINtime, start with small electric stream I
yC(general desirable continuous current I
hL1% left and right) carry out trickle precharge.By the time cell voltage rises to V
mINafter, charge mode is converted to constant current charge, and electric current is I
hLnow electric current is larger, is the Main Stage of charging.In the constant current charge stage, cell voltage increases with larger slope, when cell voltage reaches charging deboost value V
mAXafter, (charging voltage is V to transfer constant voltage charge pattern to
mAX), now charging current I
bATconstantly reduce, when dropping into a lower limit I
fULL(general desirable I
hL1% left and right) time stop charging, in this process, cell voltage remains unchanged substantially.Wherein V
mIN, I
hL, V
mAX, I
yC, I
fULLparameter can be adjusted variation according to different batteries.
According to the difference of the battery electric quantity state of access, charge mode may only comprise second and third stage (constant current and constant-voltage phase) wherein or only comprise the phase III (constant-voltage phase), and concrete Rule of judgment is as follows:
(1) start battery charging and need meet following condition: battery temperature detected value meets T
mIN≤ T
bAT≤ T
mAX(T
mINand T
mAXbe respectively minimum temperature and the maximum temperature of battery charging state).
(2) work as V
bAT< V
mINtime, start trickle precharge, use less charging current (for example desirable I
yC=0.01 × I
hLleft and right).
(3) work as V
mIN≤ V
bAT< V
mAXtime, start constant current charge.
(4) work as V
bAT>=V
mAXtime, start constant voltage charge, charging current I
bATto reduce gradually, be reduced to I
fULLtime charging circuit automatically disconnect, prevent from overcharging battery caused to damage, and realize according to this object of energy savings.
Fig. 4 is User Defined charging interval model program flow chart of the present invention, and charger of the present invention can be operated under two kinds of patterns: User Defined charging interval charge mode and system default charge mode.
(1) if user does not set the charging interval, charger charges to battery according to the charging flow of system default and rate of charge, and user can set the charging interval at any time under this pattern, after this charger can be operated under User Defined charging interval pattern;
(2), when user set after the charging interval, system goes out suitable rate of charge by the time value of setting in conjunction with the dynamic battery calculation of parameter of current collection, then adjusts battery charging mode according to user and realizes the charging to battery.
Fig. 5 is battery capacity, voltage and temperature relation schematic diagram, this graph of a relation is stored in the form of numerical tabular in the chip of charger, charger master controller obtains respectively open circuit voltage (OCV) and the Current Temperatures of battery by voltage detection module and temperature detecting module, then obtain by tabling look-up the battery capacity information matching therewith, the parameters such as the time of setting in conjunction with user can calculate information needed.
The relation of battery capacity, voltage and temperature by experiment method is determined: (sample size is more as sample body to get a certain size battery, result precision can be higher), at different temperature, selected battery is carried out to repeated charge, record the capacity of every battery and voltage, temperature relation curve, then can obtain capacity, voltage, the temperature relation curve of such battery by mean value.The user that different display precisions are required, can suitably regulate test point density (such as precision can select battery capacity 1%, 5% or 10% etc.), temperature interval value also needs to divide according to different required precisions, has only provided T1, the data at T2 temperature in schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is rate of charge calculation process under User Defined charging interval pattern of the present invention.The method step that calculates suitable rate of charge according to the charging interval of setting is as follows:
(1) first calculate the real account constant volume of battery;
The detection method of battery actual capacity is: after system access battery, first, whether test current voltage is nominal voltage value, if write down this magnitude of voltage, if not nominal voltage value is carried out charge or discharge (if the battery of access has charged complete to battery, the capacity of measuring need to calculate by discharging), and continue to monitor that cell voltage is until a nominal voltage value, and establishing this magnitude of voltage is V1, this moment is t1.Same method finds second voltage calibration point V2, and the moment is t2, draws battery capacity percentage P1 when cell voltage is V1, volume percent P2 when cell voltage is V2 by tabling look-up.The charge/discharge electric weight C of this period
bdfor the electric current of this period and the product of time, the actual capacity of battery is:
C＝C
bd/(P2-P1)
Wherein:
When battery is during in preliminary filling or constant current charging mode:
C
bd=I*t=I* (t2-t1) I is charging current
When battery is during in constant voltage charge pattern:
(2) then calculate the electric weight Ce of current battery storage;
The computational methods of Ce are: charging starts whether the rear current voltage of first testing is nominal voltage value, if write down this magnitude of voltage, if not nominal voltage value, battery is charged, and continue to monitor that cell voltage is until a nominal voltage value, establishing this magnitude of voltage is V1, moment t1.Same method finds second voltage calibration point V2, and moment t2 draws battery capacity percentage P1 when cell voltage is V1, volume percent P2 when cell voltage is V2 by tabling look-up.The charge/discharge electric weight C of this period
bdfor the electric current of this period and the product of time, the current capacity of battery is:
Ce＝C
bd*P1/(P2-P1)
Wherein: when battery is during in preliminary filling or constant current charging mode:
C
bd=I*t=I* (t2-t1) I is charging current
When battery is during in constant voltage charge pattern:
Trickle preliminary filling stage and constant current charge stage current value are constant, are filled with electric weight C
bdcalculate very conveniently, be the product of charging current I and charging interval t.In the constant voltage charge stage, battery current reduces gradually along with the lengthening in charging interval, estimate the method for charging capacity more accurately, can adopt integral way, from start to be charged to complete charge during this period of time in, current value on each time point gets up to time integral, can obtain charging capacity very accurately.So the charging capacity of stage battery can be calculated according to following formula:
In formula:, f (t) is charging coefficient, t3 is the charging interval.
This kind of method requires hardware system to have integrating function, and in order to simplify the hardware designs of charger, charger also can dispense integrating circuit, adopts discrete mathematical computations mode to estimate charge capacity, therefore above formula can be designated as:
In formula: I is charging transient current, and Δ t is the sampling interval, and n is sampling number, and more estimated value precision is higher for hits.
So being filled with the electric weight of battery can be expressed as:
Or:
(3) calculate respectively according to real account constant volume the electric weight that the needs of preliminary filling stage, constant-current phase, constant-voltage phase are filled with:
If the preliminary filling stage of default, constant-current phase, battery peak capacity percentage corresponding to constant-voltage phase are respectively P
yC, P
hL, P
hY, each charging stage, the required electric weight being filled with was respectively: C1, C2, C3, and the volume percent that charging starts battery is P, the actual capacity of battery is C,
If P≤P
yC:
C1＝C*(P
YC-P)
C2＝C*(P
HL-P
YC)
C3＝C*(P
HY-P
HL)
If P
yC< P≤P
hL:
C1＝0
C2＝C*(P
HL-P)
C3＝C*(P
HY-P
HL)
If P
hL< P≤P
hY:
C1＝0
C2＝0
C3＝C*(P
HY-P)
(4) last calculative determination rate of charge
If the charging interval that user sets is T, the charging interval that the three phases trickle preliminary filling stage of battery charging process, constant-current phase, constant-voltage phase need is respectively t1, t2, and t3:
T＝t1+t2+t3
Wherein:
T1=C1/I1 (C1: the electric weight that the trickle preliminary filling stage will be filled with, I1: trickle-charge current, getting I1 is the electric current of a fixing little electric current or I2*1%, this value need be less than maximum preliminary filling electric current I
yc);
T2=C2/I2 (C2: the electric weight that constant-current phase will be filled with, I2: constant current charge electric current, should be less than or equal to the maximum I of cell safety constant current charge electric current
mAX);
T3=C3/I3 (C3: the electric weight that constant-voltage phase will be filled with, I3: constant voltage charge average current).
Can draw constant current charge times electric current I 2:
I2＝C2/(T-C1/I1-C3/I3)
Trickle preliminary filling stage and constant current charge stage current value are constant, and the charging interval equals charge capacity C divided by charging current I.But in the constant voltage charge stage, battery current reduces gradually along with the lengthening in charging interval, and charging process meets following condition:
dF(t)＝f(t)dt
Can calculate constant-voltage phase charging interval t3 by above formula, and calculate thus the battery charge in each stage, the charging current that design calculates is I
cH, maximum charging safe current is I
mAX:
If I
cH≤ I
mAX, getting constant current charge electric current is I
cH;
If I
cH> I
mAX, getting constant current charge electric current is I
mAX.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. take into account the battery charger of charging interval and battery life for one kind, comprise master controller, charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module, protective circuit module, operating state indicating module, display module, power transfer module, described main controller respectively with charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module, protective circuit module, operating state indicating module, display module connects, described charging control circuit, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, temperature detecting module is connected with pond to be charged respectively, it is characterized in that, also comprise the human-computer interaction module being connected with main controller,
Described master controller is User Defined charging interval pattern or system default pattern according to the input validation mode of operation of human-computer interaction module;
If User Defined charging interval pattern, the charging interval information of user's input is sent to master controller by human-computer interaction module, master controller is according to the charging interval information of receiving, in conjunction with passing through the battery parameter of voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module and temperature detecting module dynamic acquisition, determine the charged state of battery, calculate suitable rate of charge, then by charging control circuit, battery is charged;
If system default pattern, according to the Pattern completion charging task of acquiescence, and user can set the charging interval by human-computer interaction module at any time under this pattern, after the User Defined charging interval set, master controller can switch to User Defined charging interval pattern by system default pattern by mode of operation;
It is described that to calculate suitable rate of charge step as follows:
(1) first calculate the real account constant volume of battery;
(2) then calculate the electric weight of current battery storage;
(3) calculate respectively according to real account constant volume the electric weight that the needs of preliminary filling stage, constant-current phase, constant-voltage phase are filled with;
(4) last calculative determination constant current charge multiplying power.
2. a kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described voltage acquisition module gathers cell voltage, current acquisition module gathers charging current, temperature detecting module gathers battery temperature, main controller controls voltage, electric current, temperature sampling frequency, play the effect of real-time detection battery status.
3. a kind of battery charger of taking into account charging interval and battery life according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described human-computer interaction module comprises keyboard, realizes the input of setting-up time by keyboard.
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