CN102227299B - 用于制造由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱的设备和方法及由此获得的由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱 - Google Patents

用于制造由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱的设备和方法及由此获得的由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱 Download PDF

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CN102227299B
CN102227299B CN200980147314.1A CN200980147314A CN102227299B CN 102227299 B CN102227299 B CN 102227299B CN 200980147314 A CN200980147314 A CN 200980147314A CN 102227299 B CN102227299 B CN 102227299B
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elastomeric yarn
equipment
yarn
press section
unit
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CN102227299A (zh
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托马斯·克洛茨
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LEMUR Spa
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LEMUR Spa
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/10—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation for articles of indefinite length
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D13/00—Complete machines for producing artificial threads
    • D01D13/02—Elements of machines in combination
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
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    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/084—Heating filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
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Abstract

用于制造由硅材料制成的连续纱(30)的设备和方法，本设备包括至少挤压部(12)，材料以无定形状态被导入挤压部(12)中；和导致材料沿挤压轴(D)从挤压部(12)离开的挤压装置(15)。本设备还包括位于挤压部(12)下游与其相距确定的距离(“L”)的硫化部(16)，在硫化部(16)中连续纱(30)以处理方向(T)被硫化。本设备还包括被布置在硫化部(16)下游的牵引单元(18)。

Description

用于制造由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱的设备和方法及由此获得的由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造硅材料的连续弹性纱的设备，该连续弹性纱可用于保护性技术织物的医学领域和那些需要具有小于0.7mm的截面(section)，有利地为0.3-0.4mm，且甚至少至0.2-0.1mm的截面且耐受某些化学试剂和/或耐高温或耐低温，并且在特定情况下可作为电导体的弹性纱的工业领域。具体地，本发明可用来制造所谓的硅橡胶弹性纱。
本发明还涉及利用本设备获得的连续弹性纱。
在此处及下文的说明书和权利要求中，术语弹性纱一般意指连续挤压制品，无论是丝状的或是具有不同的轮廓的，例如，具有高于珠、丝、线或多丝类型的轮廓的数目的包装。
发明背景
已知用于挤压用来制造具有各种截面和厚度的挤压制品的硅材料的设备。
已知的设备通常水平延伸且接连地包括，喂入以浆糊形式的材料的喂入装置(feed means)、在其中制造挤压制品的挤压部(extrusion station)和硫化部。
这种类型的已知设备具有以下缺点：在挤压过程结束时挤压制品在通常以基本上与挤压速度相等的速度前行的传送带(conveyor bel)或传送带(conveyor strip)上沉积。
因为该喂入水平地或基本上水平地进行，所以正被制造的挤压制品受到挤压压力和重力的影响，在挤压压力和重力的作用下，挤压制品倾向于改变其截面，在进入硫化部之前变平，因此，主要由于挤压压力，在至硫化部的入口处，挤压制品不再具有正确的截面而是变形的。
当待制造的挤压制品特别细时，比如在具有小于0.7mm，小至0.2mm和0.1mm的直径的硅基弹性纱的情况下，该问题加剧。
该问题也使得非常难以精确控制所获得的截面的值，并且也不能保证沿纱的长度为均匀截面。
此外，已知的设备不允许挤压诸如具有减小的截面和在液体状态的，或至少不完全是固态的硅橡胶的材料，因为从挤压部离开的弹性纱将不足够坚固以致在传送带上沉积或由夹紧装置夹持并牵引通过硫化部。
已知的设备的另一个缺点是硫化部中通常使用的炉的类型通常每次都手动移动，根据待加工的挤压制品的类型，以移近硫化部或远离硫化部，但这中断了生产过程并增加了经济成本和生产时间，并且还不能保证精确的定位。
用于生产由硅材料制成的挤压制品的已知解决方案致力于具有与本发明中所寻求的尺寸相比稍大的尺寸的厚度，比如例如DE-C2-384460。
其它解决方案致力于，其使用领域与根据本专利申请的弹性纱的生产完全不同的制品，比如DE-Al-101 45 945，其涉及多层光缆的生产，或W-A1-2008/074622，其涉及挡风玻璃雨刮刷的生产，即，具有与本专利申请的目的的连续弹性纱中所需的尺寸值和品质不能相比的尺寸值和品质。
本发明的目的是获得一种用于连续生产由硅材料制成的弹性纱的设备，该设备克服了现有技术状态的缺点并允许简单地和经济地制造具有远小于0.7mm，有利地小于0.4mm和甚至为0.2-0.1mm的截面的弹性纱。
本申请人设计、测试和实施了本发明以克服现有技术状态的缺点并获得这些和其它的目的和优点。
发明概述
本发明在独立权利要求中被阐述和表征，而从属权利要求描述本发明的其它特征或主要发明思想的变化形式。
根据以上的目的，用于制造由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱的设备包括至少挤压部、硫化部和至少牵引单元，硫化部位于挤压部的下游，与其相距确定的可调节的距离，牵引单元位于硫化部的下游并能够在硫化前对从挤压部离开的弹性纱施加包含在2和6(100％-500％)之间的比率的牵引值。
挤压部设置有挤压主体和挤压装置，材料能够以无定形状态被引入挤压主体中，挤压装置能够允许材料沿挤压轴从挤压部离开，调节了其成形。
挤压装置适合于赋予挤压轴基本上垂直的方向，从而由于牵引单元的作用，利用根据所获得的至少最终厚度的所需的牵引定额和设置，至少沿挤压部和硫化部之间的可调节距离，牵引离开的以基本上垂直的轴布置的弹性纱。
牵引作用一方面确定了达到所需的厚度值的弹性纱所需的伸长和变细，且另一方面确定了其截面的均匀性和规则性；其还以更为规则的方式使弹性纱内部的分子链取向，允许获得高于基础制品的标准的伸长值和力值。
使用具有高牵引定额的牵引单元还允许消除作用于硫化部上游的重力的变形效应，其在利用至少部分垂直的挤压的已知的解决方案中，确定了截面的变形和不精密。
此外，尤其在非常薄的挤压制品的情况下，在硫化处理完成之前，其降低了由将纱引入到硫化炉内部引起的热消减效应。
以这种方式，可产生任何长度的连续纱，且连续纱没有表面缺陷，连续纱全长具有恒定的技术弹性特性且截面无变形。
根据本发明的设备因此能够用来制造具有控制的且均匀的截面的弹性纱，其截面甚至远小于0.7mm，小至0.4-0.3mm或更小。
并且，因为没有提供水平运动，还可以将仍在液体状态、塑性状态或至少非固态的弹性纱引入硫化部中。
根据一个变化形式，该设备提供了收集单元，其位于硫化部的下游，并能够收集从硫化部离开的纱。
在另一个变化形式中，收集单元包括所述牵引单元，使得弹性纱在挤压装置的出口和硫化部的入口之间的区段中，减小其截面至所需值，同时仍保持截面形状的规则性和品质。
根据一个变化形式，根据本发明的设备包括位于硫化部的下游以及牵引和可能的收集单元的上游的控制冷却部。
冷却部能够将弹性纱冷却至接近环境温度的温度，从而防止最终制品在收集和贮存后继续结晶过程。
根据一个变化形式，硫化部包括区域硫化炉，每个区域以加热系统为特征：高温、紫外线、微波或其它。
根据本发明的另一个特征，硫化部在垂直方向是选择性地可移动的，且根据所处理的弹性纱的类型是热可调节的。这种解决方案允许利用设备的简单程序设计来选择硫化炉的各个区域的温度，降低了人力和装配时间。
根据另一个变化形式，冷却部在垂直方向也是选择性地可移动的且根据所处理的挤压制品的类型是热可调节的。
附图简述
本发明的这些和其它特征在以下的实施方案的优选形式的描述中将变得明显，该实施方案作为参考附图的非限制性实例给出，其中：
图1是根据本发明的用于制造由硅材料制成的弹性纱的设备的侧向示意图。
实施方案的优选形式的详述
参考附图，根据本发明的设备10用来制造硅材料的挤压制品，在这种情况下硅橡胶的连续弹性纱30，具有小于0.7mm，有利地0.3-0.4mm，小至0.1mm的厚度。
设备10包括纱30的喂入装置11、挤压部12、硫化部16、冷却部17以及牵引和收集单元26。
喂入装置11喂入挤压部12且是自动的。
在这种情况下，喂入装置11包括漏斗22；计量泵，其能够根据设备的容量将正确量的材料引入到漏斗22；和静态和动态混合器，其能够混合材料以致阻止气泡的形成。
喂入装置11还提供了能够使漏斗22内部的材料的水平保持恒定，从而还使来自漏斗22的材料的出口压力保持恒定的装置。
根据一个变化形式，在呈浆糊形式的材料的情况下，喂入装置11包括滚筒或一对互相配合的滚筒，其以带的形式喂入材料。
根据另一个变化形式，在连续带的材料的情况下，喂入装置11包括传送带，带被布置在传送带上。
挤压部12包括挤压主体31和挤压装置15。
挤压主体31设置有压缩装置13、计量装置14和分配材料的装置25。
压缩装置13压缩材料并将其推向计量装置14。在这种情况下，压缩装置13包括蜗杆，根据设备10的容量来按尺寸制造；和脱气区域，以消除气泡的可能形成。
根据一个变化形式，压缩装置13提供了活塞装置。
计量装置14能够计量通过压缩装置13压缩的材料以喂入以均匀和连续的方式分配材料的装置25。
在这种情况下，计量装置14包括具有齿轮的计量泵和多个压力传感器，与压缩装置13配合。
传感器检测至计量装置14的入口和来自计量装置14的出口处的压力，且根据该检测，将信号传送至压缩装置13以调节材料的速度并保持通过计量装置14的恒定输送。
分配材料的装置25均匀地喂入挤压装置15。在这种情况下，挤压主体31具有垂直的肘形结构。由于由压缩装置13施加的压力的影响，材料以喂入的水平方向进入挤压主体31，并且由于所述压力和重力的影响，以基本上垂直的方向沿挤压轴D从挤压装置15离开。
根据牵引板(draw-plate)的结构，在来自挤压装置15的出口处获得的纱30可以具有可变数目的珠或丝，例如包含2和30之间的数目。
牵引板包括具有引入端以有利于材料进入的相应穿孔和在出口处有利于材料分离的斜面。
根据一个变化形式，挤压主体31具有水平结构。
根据一个变化形式，挤压主体31具有垂直结构。
根据一个变化形式，牵引板上游的挤压装置15包括至少一个过滤器和至少一个前牵引板，有利地为两个过滤器和两个前牵引板。在每个挤压装置15包括设置有用于同时产生相应的多个弹性纱的多个穿孔的牵引板的情况下，这对于防止牵引板的穿孔的堵塞和更好地分配材料是特别有利的。
牵引板上游存在过滤器是非常重要的，以能够打破挤压螺杆施加于材料的记忆效应。过滤器的尺寸被选择成防止垂直下降的纱扭转、碰撞并防止自旋。
挤压部12还包括用于挤压部12的不同区域的自动热调节的加热和冷却装置24，从而保持挤压温度和挤压压力的理想状态。
从牵引板离开的弹性纱30垂直前行，由牵引和收集单元26牵引。在这种情况下，收集单元26包括牵引装置18，比如电动滚筒，其将预定的牵引力施加于挤压制品30上并保证挤压制品30朝硫化部16行进，维持基本上垂直的方向，而无水平位移。
并且，由于牵引装置18的牵引力，连续纱30的截面减小至所需的尺寸，牵引因子可根据需要而从2至6变化，以这种方式成比例地减小弹性纱30的截面，仍保持截面形状的高的品质和均匀性，并将分子链以更规则的方式取向。
硫化部16包括区域炉27，每个区域以加热系统为特征：高温、紫外线或微波。
在炉27内部，弹性纱30以处理方向“T”被处理，处理方向“T”基本上垂直且与来自挤压部12的纱的输出轴“D”平行。
利用已知的机械装置或气动装置，炉27是选择性地垂直可移动的，以根据弹性纱30的类型和其相关的结晶时间和硫化时间而以距牵引板不同的距离“L”来定位。
具体地，来自挤压部15的出口和进入硫化炉27的入口之间的距离“L”的变化允许根据所获得的截面(形状和厚度以及分子链的取向)而改变对连续纱30的牵引条件，除了明显地纱30自身的类型之外。
在根据本发明的连续弹性纱30的情况下，具体地根据所获得的弹性纱30的最终厚度，距离“L”通常在400mm和1500mm之间变化。
硫化炉27是热可调节的从而根据所处理的弹性纱30的类型而改变硫化温度。
冷却部17，位于硫化部16的下游，能够将弹性纱30冷却至近环境温度的温度而防止最终制品在收集和贮存之后继续结晶过程。
冷却部17是热调节的从而根据弹性纱30的类型保证维持理想的冷却温度条件。
除上述的牵引装置18外，收集单元还包括已知类型的表面处理装置19、控制装置20和收集装置21。
表面处理装置19能够处理挤压制品30的外表面以便赋予其确定的物理特性。
挤压制品30的控制装置20包括与控制装置相关的滚筒，并能够控制挤压制品30的物理特性，比如厚度、截面均匀性、弹性和其它物理特性。
收集装置21能够收集和包装弹性纱30以便贮存。收集装置21包括自动绞轮提升机或切割弹性纱30并将其插入容器中的装置。
然而，明显地，可对迄今所描述的10进行部件的修改和/或添加，而不脱离本发明的领域和范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于制造由硅橡胶制成的连续弹性纱(30)的设备，所述设备包括：至少挤压部(12)，所述挤压部(12)设置有挤压主体(31)和挤压装置(15)，所述硅橡胶能够以无定形状态被导入所述挤压主体(31)中，所述挤压装置(15)能够允许所述硅橡胶沿挤压轴(D)从所述挤压部(12)离开；以及硫化部(16)，所述硫化部(16)包括硫化炉(27)，位于所述挤压部(12)的下游，与其相距确定的距离(“L”)，其特征在于：
-所述挤压装置(15)被布置成使得所述挤压轴(D)基本上垂直，
-所述距离(“L”)根据待获得的所述弹性纱(30)的最终厚度在400mm和1500mm之间变化，
-所述设备还包括牵引单元(18)，所述牵引单元(18)被布置在所述硫化部(16)的下游，且能够在从所述挤压部(12)离开的所述弹性纱(30)进入所述硫化部(16)的所述硫化炉(27)之前对所述弹性纱(30)施加包含在2和6之间(100％-500％)的比率的牵引值，成比例地减小了所述弹性纱(30)的截面，并因此至少沿所述距离(“L”)，
-其中所述距离(“L”)在400-1500mm之间是可调节的以改变所述弹性纱(30)的牵引条件并获得具有小于0.7mm的厚度且具有所需的分子链取向的最终纱。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，在所述硫化部(16)中，挤压的弹性纱(30)沿与所述挤压轴(D)平行或重合的处理方向被硫化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述硫化部(16)相对于所述挤压部(12)是选择性地可移动的，以便至少根据待赋予所述弹性纱(30)的所需最终厚度值而改变所述距离(“L”)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述挤压主体(31)具有垂直肘形形状。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，包括收集单元(26)，所述收集单元(26)位于所述硫化部(16)的下游并能够收集挤压的弹性纱(30)，其特征在于，所述收集单元(26)包括所述牵引单元(18)。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括位于所述硫化部(16)的下游和所述收集单元(26)的上游的控制冷却部(17)。
7.如权利要求1、2和6中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述挤压部(12)包括用于所述挤压部(12)的热调节的加热和冷却装置(24)。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述最终纱的厚度在0.4-0.3mm的范围内。
9.一种由硅橡胶制成的弹性纱，在以上任一权利要求所述的设备中制造，所述弹性纱具有在小于0.7mm并且大于或等于0.1mm的范围内的直径，具有包含在2和30之间的丝数目。
10.如权利要求9所述的弹性纱，其特征在于，所述弹性纱具有在0.3-0.4mm的范围内的直径。
11.一种由硅橡胶制造连续弹性纱(30)的方法，包括：至少挤压步骤，其中借助于包括挤压装置(15)的挤压部(12)使所述硅橡胶沿挤压轴(D)以经调节的成形离开；和至少硫化部步骤，其在被布置在所述挤压装置(15)的下游的硫化炉(27)中进行，其特征在于：
-在所述挤压步骤中，所述挤压装置(15)赋予所述挤压轴(D)基本上垂直的方向，
-在所述挤压装置(15)的出口和进入所述硫化炉的入口之间的区段(“L”)中，所述区段(“L”)根据待获得的所述弹性纱(30)的最终厚度在400mm和1500mm之间是可变的，使所述弹性纱(30)经受由被布置在所述硫化炉(27)的下游的牵引单元(18)进行的牵引作用，其中在进入所述硫化炉(27)之前所述弹性纱(30)被赋予的牵引比包含在2和6之间(100％-500％)的值，成比例地减小了所述弹性纱(30)的截面，且其中所述弹性纱(30)具有小于0.7mm并且大于等于0.1mm的最终厚度。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述弹性纱(30)具有在0.4-0.3mm的范围内的最终厚度。
CN200980147314.1A 2008-10-21 2009-10-20 用于制造由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱的设备和方法及由此获得的由硅材料制成的连续弹性纱 Active CN102227299B (zh)

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