CN102223470A - CCD camera image signal processing method and system - Google Patents
CCD camera image signal processing method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a new scheme of digital domain filtering for breaking through the bottleneck of noise suppression of the traditional CCD camera, and particularly relates to a new CCD camera image signal processing method and a system. The invention directly digitizes the CCD video signal by using a high-speed high-resolution analog-to-digital converter at a sampling frequency far higher than a reading rate, and then designs a digital signal processing algorithm aiming at the characteristic of reading noise of the CCD video signal to suppress the noise to a sub-electronic level. Currently, large-scale integrated circuit technology, especially high-speed and high-resolution analog-to-digital converter technology and digital signal processing technology, provide a technical foundation for realizing the new idea. Compared with the EMCCD technology, the novel technology has stronger universality, can reduce the CCD reading noise, and provides a technical approach for meeting the requirement of realizing low-speed high-resolution (16bit) by using a high-speed low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (12 bit).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of CCD camera image signal processing method and system, be particularly useful for the CCD camera system of low-light (level), weak target.
Background technology
The application of CCD camera is very extensive, especially requires very harsh field in picture quality, as fields such as medical science, astronomical deep space observations, irreplaceable status is arranged.One of parameter of paying close attention to the most when the CCD camera design is exactly the signal to noise ratio (snr) of camera, and under the situation of low-light (level), weak target, reading noise is the main source of CCD camera noise.Still be the correlated-double-sampling method that proposes the seventies of eighties of last century or at present, mainly comprise: correlated-double-sampling method (CDS), double oblique integral method, switch exponent filtering method, differential sampling method, reflection delay method, relevant four samplings etc. based on the improved analog filtering method of the method to reading noise suppressing method.These methods emphasize particularly on different fields in use, but they are identical in itself, its principle all is to utilize the gradual characteristic of reset noise, adopt correlation processing technique, promptly all be by vision signal is carried out the front and back double sampling in a pixel period, deliver to two inputs of differential amplifier then respectively, carrying out eliminating reset noise when vision signal is amplified.This shows that traditional CCD output noise treatment technology all carries out at analog domain.It has multiple way of realization, but all is that analog circuit realizes that its frequency domain characteristic is not best for the ccd signal noise characteristic.Traditional C CD camera video signal processing link block diagram as shown in Figure 1.
The weak point of conventional method is:
1) when suppressing noise, again because exist (as: correlated double sampling circuit) of self circuit inevitably introduced circuit noise.
2) though realized having the integrated chip of correlated double sampling circuit, seek out high performance noise effects, still utilize discrete component to build correlated double sampling circuit, reduced the reliability of circuit again for this reason.
3) as shown in Figure 1, adopt the correlated-double-sampling technology when hanging down read-out speed, to read noise limit at present, when the 1MHz read-out speed, read noise and be generally the 6e-level, the application of the higher low-light (level) that can't meet the demands, weak target astronomical observation in the 2e-level.
Thereby, the new approaches and the new way that must consideration further reduce to read noise, with the dynamic range that improves optical detector especially to low light level Target Detection Ability of Infrared.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to break through the inhibition bottleneck of traditional C CD camera noise, propose new departure of a kind of numeric field filtering, be specially a kind of new CCD camera image signal processing method and system.
Technological thought of the present invention is:
Utilize the high speed, high resolution analog to digital converter with far above the sample frequency of read-out speed directly with the CCD video signal digitization, read the characteristics design digital signal processing algorithm of noise then at the CCD vision signal, with noise suppressed to the subelectron level.Current large scale integrated circuit technology especially high speed, high resolution analog to digital converter technology and Digital Signal Processing provides technical foundation for the realization of these new approaches.The relative EMCCD technology of this new technology has stronger versatility, and can not only reduce CCD and read noise, and for realizing that with high-speed low-resolution analog to digital converter (12bit) requirement of low speed high-resolution (16bit) provides a kind of technological approaches.
Technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of CCD camera image signal processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1) the pixel signal of CCD output carries out multi-point sampling by the high speed A circuit to each pixel signal after amplifying; The data that sampling obtains quantize back output digital signal;
(2) digital signal latchs and Synchronous Processing;
(3) send to collection/control computer by the digital signal of high-speed transfer interface after with Synchronous Processing, collection/control computer is obtained the sample signal of all sampled points of each pixel;
(4) all sampled points to each pixel are implemented filtering algorithm in collection/control computer, obtain the pixel value of each pixel, finally obtain a width of cloth complete image.
Above-mentioned high-speed transfer interface adopts Camera link interface protocol.
The described filtering algorithm of above-mentioned steps (4) is determined in accordance with the following methods: the frame format image transitions that will include the sample signal of interior all sampled points of picture dot cycle of each pixel becomes two-dimensional array, carry out time domain analysis and spectrum analysis, thereby determine suitable filtering algorithm.
The described multi-point sampling of above-mentioned steps (1) 120-200 the sampled point of preferably sampling.
The described filtering algorithm of above-mentioned steps (4) is numeric field correlated-double-sampling, the filtering of Gauss's weights or various frequency domain filtering algorithm.
A kind of CCD camera image signal processing system provided by the invention, comprise CCD, pre-amplification circuit, high speed A circuit, sequential driving and data processing circuit, high-speed transfer interface and the collection/control computer that links successively by data line, wherein, be interfaced to collection/control computer from sequential driving and data processing circuit, high-speed transfer, also establish the control line link.
Above-mentioned high-speed transfer interface is the Cameralink interface circuit.
Above-mentioned high speed A circuit is to have 16, the high speed A device of 160Msps.
The present invention not only can reduce noise, improves the camera signal to noise ratio, and has simplified the hardware designs of camera system, has improved the integrated level and the reliability of system.Along with the continuous development of large scale integrated circuit, provide technical foundation simultaneously for continuing to optimize noise suppression algorithm and improving arithmetic speed.Be in particular in following advantage:
1, the reliability of system and integrated level are improved: noise filtering scheme of the present invention is carried out at numeric field, compares with the traditional design scheme and has saved correlated double sampling circuit, has improved the reliability and the integrated level of system.
2, the noise filtering algorithm design flexibly, practicality and highly versatile: the present invention proposes the new solution that a kind of CCD outputting video signal carries out direct high-speed digitization.This scheme can be at the digital signal processing algorithm of the noise characteristic designing optimal of CCD vision signal, thereby obtains better noise inhibiting ability.Wherein the time-domain filtering algorithm has: numeric field correlated-double-sampling, the filtering of Gauss's weights.In addition, also can adopt various frequency domain filtering algorithms.
3, provide new ideas and general-purpose platform for the design of CCD camera system, greatly reduce development cost and cycle: can realize new algorithm and use new technology based on software, greatly reduce development cost and cycle, make the CCD camera system can catch up with the level of technical development.And this camera system can also be as required, and filtering algorithm and the camera control signal revised in the acquisition software change the camera system function.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 reads the typical relation figure of noise and read-out speed for traditional scheme CCD.
Fig. 2 is a traditional C CD camera system vision signal handle link block diagram.
Fig. 3 is a CCD camera system structured flowchart provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sequential interface circuit of CCD camera system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a CCD camera system acquisition software functional block diagram provided by the present invention.
Fig. 6 reads the graph of a relation of noise and read-out speed for CCD of the present invention.
The drawing reference numeral explanation:
The 1-pre-amplification circuit, 2-mould/number conversion circuit, the 3-sequential drives and data processing FPGA, 4-Camera Link interface, 5-collection/control computer.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on the camera system of high-speed transfer protocol interface (as: Camera link interface protocol), the structural representation of system as shown in Figure 3, the pixel signal of CCD output via pre-amplification circuit after, directly sample by the high speed A circuit, in order to satisfy of the requirement of later stage algorithm to sample point, 120 to 200 points of each pixel sampling, latch Synchronous Processing by sequential driving and data processing FPGA then, send to collecting computer through Camera Link interface again, in collecting computer, utilize acquisition software that vision signal is carried out Filtering Processing, and display image.
A kind of CCD camera video signal processing method provided by the invention specifically may further comprise the steps:
0) after the CCD camera powers up work, under the effect of driving pulse, CCD output pixel signal;
1) to step 0) vision signal of CCD output carry out every straight, amplify, the input signal range of the video amplitude of output and follow-up mould/number conversion circuit is complementary;
2) each the pixel signal through step 1) is carried out multi-point sampling (120-200 the sampled point of generally sampling), quantize back output digital signal;
3) with step 2) in the mass data that obtains send to collection/control computer by the CameraLink interface circuit;
4) sample signal to each pixel is implemented filtering algorithm in collection/control computer, obtains the pixel value of each pixel, and the image that obtains after demonstration and the preservation processing.Filtering algorithm can be numeric field correlated-double-sampling, the filtering of Gauss's weights or various frequency domain filtering algorithm.
Below in order to illustrate that how the present invention realizes, describes in further detail the present invention with embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of CCD camera system that is used for low-light (level), weak target provided by the invention, referring to Fig. 3, be based on CCD camera system functional block diagram provided by the present invention, mainly drive and data processing circuit 3 by pre-amplification circuit 1, mould/number conversion circuit 2, sequential, (what this programme adopted is Camera Link interface to the high-speed transfer interface circuit, as long as can satisfy message transmission rate interface circuit can), and acquisition controlling computer 5 is formed, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 3,4,5, introduce the function of each several part in detail:
Pre-amplification circuit 1: the vision signal of CCD sense amplifier output is carried out every straight, amplification the amplitude of outputting video signal and the input signal range of mould/number conversion circuit 2 being complementary;
Mould/number conversion circuit 2: the pixel signal to pre-amplification circuit 1 output quantizes, the output digital signal; Provided a mould/number conversion practical circuit in the accompanying drawing 3, the present invention adopts is Ling Li and the analog to digital converter LTC2209 of special company (Linear Technology), LTC2209 has 16,160Msps high-performance high-speed AD converter, has remarkable 77.1dB base band signal to noise ratio (snr) performance and 100dB base band Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR).Satisfy the many and high requirement of precision of number of samples.
Sequential drives and data processing FPGA circuit 3: produce CCD and drive clock signal, the digital video signal data of mould/number conversion circuit 2 outputs is sent to collecting computer according to the synchronous control signal of certain time sequence call format and camera system by Camera link output interface.As shown in Figure 4, sequential drives with data processing FPGA circuit the mass data and frame head data (the frame head data signal: FHDATA) send to the acquisition controlling computer by certain form down in control signal (as: frame useful signal (FVAL), row useful signal (LVAL)) effect that collect.
Cameralink interface circuit 4:, will collect mass data and arrive collecting computer via the capture card high-speed transfer by this interface circuit.And the control signal that the acquisition controlling computer is sent is sent to sequential drive and data processing circuit 3, change the operating state (as: adjusting the time for exposure, switching working mode etc.) of camera.Provided an example in the accompanying drawing 3, it is the PCIe-1429 capture card of NI company that the present invention adopts, its (National Instruments of American National instrument company, abbreviation NI) first IMAQ integrated circuit board of releasing in January, 2005 based on PCI Express, the vision that is applicable to high-throughput is used, can be high-speed at Camera Link camera, images acquired under the situation of high-resolution and high pixel depth, carry out the complex image acquisition applications.
Acquisition controlling computer 5: the difference of acquisition software of the present invention and traditional acquisition software is, every frame data that native system collects no longer are piece images, but the sample point of all pixel waveforms must carry out the true pixel values that Filtering Processing just can obtain this pixel to each pixel sampling period.The acquisition software of this programme adopts Labview to write, and embeds the MatLab program so that data processing in capture program.The acquisition software functional block diagram for the ease of the analysis to the pixel sampled signal, becomes two-dimensional array with the frame format image transitions that obtains as shown in Figure 5 in acquisition software, it is carried out time domain analysis and spectrum analysis, for writing of filtering algorithm provides foundation.
This acquisition software also has the following advantages except can controlling the camera operating state very easily:
1) existing display module of Labview and data analysis control (as: waveform shows, spectrum analysis etc.) can be called easily, software function can also be expanded as required.
2) utilize the powerful matrix operation function of Matlab, the filtering algorithm of writing by Matlab restores the picture of publishing picture fast from the sample point of gathering.And by the picture appraisal module, filtering algorithm is improved, till the user is satisfied.
Below selected Gauss's weights filtering algorithm is further described:
By analyzing the characteristics of ccd output signal, find that ccd output signal is at a pixel in the cycle, the correlation of sampled data is obviously than at a distance much higher of its both sides near the output of reference level and pixel, that is to say, sampled point has herein comprised more useful information, can effectively suppress output noise so give bigger weights to the sampled data at this place.The weights approximate Gaussian probability-distribution function that the sampled data of a pixel in the cycle given is bell like this, in order to reach the effect of the two samplings of digital correlation, wherein the weights coefficient of the first half reference level sampled value is got negative value, the algorithm that obtains each pixel value as shown in Equation 1:
In the formula, Si is an i sampled value, α
iBe the weight coefficient of i sampled point, and α
i=α
(2n+1-i), 2n sample point of sampling in the pixel cycle, wherein preceding n is the sampling number of reference level.By above operation as can be seen: to the pixel data Direct Sampling of CCD output, and carry out weights filtering, both can obtain the effect of correlated-double-sampling in the analog circuit, can save the noise that correlated double sampling circuit induces one again, thereby can improve the signal to noise ratio of signal.
Claims (8)
1. CCD camera image signal processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1) the pixel signal of CCD output carries out multi-point sampling by the high speed A circuit to each pixel signal after amplifying; The data that sampling obtains quantize back output digital signal;
(2) digital signal latchs and Synchronous Processing;
(3) send to collection/control computer by the digital signal of high-speed transfer interface after with Synchronous Processing, collection/control computer is obtained the sample signal of all sampled points of each pixel;
(4) all sampled points to each pixel are implemented filtering algorithm in collection/control computer, obtain the pixel value of each pixel, finally obtain a width of cloth complete image.
2. CCD camera image signal processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described high-speed transfer interface adopts Camera link interface protocol.
3. CCD camera image signal processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described filtering algorithm of step (4) is determined in accordance with the following methods:
The frame format image transitions that will include the sample signal of interior all sampled points of picture dot cycle of each pixel becomes two-dimensional array, carries out time domain analysis and spectrum analysis, thereby determines suitable filtering algorithm.
4. CCD camera image signal processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described multi-point sampling of step (1) is 120-200 sampled point of sampling.
5. CCD camera image signal processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described filtering algorithm of step (4) is numeric field correlated-double-sampling, the filtering of Gauss's weights or various frequency domain filtering algorithm.
6. CCD camera image signal processing system, it is characterized in that: comprise CCD, pre-amplification circuit, high speed A circuit, sequential driving and data processing circuit, high-speed transfer interface and the collection/control computer that links successively by data line, wherein, be interfaced to collection/control computer from sequential driving and data processing circuit, high-speed transfer, also establish the control line link.
7. CCD camera image signal processing system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described high-speed transfer interface is the Cameralink interface circuit.
8. CCD camera image signal processing system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described high speed A circuit is to have 16, the high speed A device of 160Msps.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103900690A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for achieving spaceborne imaging spectrometer based on multi-channel EMCCD |
| CN105578083A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low-noise CCD signal imaging electronics system |
| CN105657271A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-08 | 南京理工大学 | LabVIEW-based EMCCD camera data acquisition driving method |
| CN109451210A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-08 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of refrigeration mode electron multiplication CCD camera system |
| CN112597035A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 北京环境特性研究所 | FPGA image algorithm verification method and system based on LABVIEW |
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| CN112597035A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-02 | 北京环境特性研究所 | FPGA image algorithm verification method and system based on LABVIEW |
| CN112597035B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-09-19 | 北京环境特性研究所 | FPGA image algorithm verification method and system based on LABVIEW |
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Application publication date: 20111019 |