CN102206692B - 采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种提高黄芩苷提取量的新工艺,属中药发酵技术领域。取一定量黄芩干粉过40目筛后置发酵罐中,加适量蒸馏水浸泡12小时。按质量体积比加磷酸二氢钾0.3%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.2%~0.4%、维生素B10.002%~0.003%,蔗糖3%~5%,用2mol/LHCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟;活化后的绿色木霉菌用无菌水配成每毫升含107-9个分生孢子的悬浮液,以孢子悬液形式按体积比3%~7%比例接种发酵罐中培养发酵黄芩,发酵温度26~30℃,溶氧50%~58%,培养168小时。黄芩苷收率21%~23.4%,比常规方法提高9.0%~11.6%左右。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药发酵技术领域,尤其是一种采用中药发酵方法提高黄芩苷提取量的新工艺。
背景技术
黄芩为唇形科多年生草本植物黄芩(Sctuellaria baicalensis Georgi)的干燥根,又名山茶根、烂心草、黄金茶、子芩、条芩、枯芩等,最早收载于《神农本草经》,其性寒、味苦,归肺、胆、胃、大肠经。是我国常用的大宗药材之一,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血安胎,用于治疗发热烦渴、肺热咳嗽、泻痢热淋、湿热黄疸、胎动不安和痈肿疮毒等症。现代药理学研究表明黄芩具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗过敏、抗氧化、清除自由基、抗肿瘤、保护神经元细胞、抑制醛糖还原酶活性、阻止钙离子通道及细胞凋亡等作用,其主要活性成分为黄芩苷,目前对黄芩苷的提取方法主要有水提酸沉法、醇提酸沉法、超声法等,采用这些方法提取时均为对黄芩药材进行特殊的前处理,但是对黄芩苷的提取率显得相对较低。中药材有效成分多存在于胞浆中,植物细胞壁是由纤维素、半纤维素、果胶质、木质素等物质构成的致密结构。在中药有效成分提取过程中,当胞浆中的有效成分向提取介质扩散时,必须克服细胞壁及细胞问质的双重阻力,使有效成分浸出受阻。微生物可利用中药中的成分为营养进行分裂、生长、繁殖和代谢,在代谢过程中分泌蛋白酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶等几十种胞外酶进入培养基,使细胞破裂,细胞间隙增加,减小细胞壁、细胞问质等传质屏障对有效成分从胞内向提取介质扩散的传质阻力(葛喜珍 2008)。现代发酵过程研究表明,微生物菌群具有氧化、酯化、甲基化、羟基化、还原化等多种生物转化能力。中草药在发酵过程中还可能会伴随某些成分的分解转化而生成新的有效成分,这些新成分可能会增强其药理作用或出现新的药理作用。因此利用微生物进行发酵制药,不仅降低了用药成本,提高了药物有效成分含量及药物功效,还为开发新药提供了途径。相关研究表明,不同菌种、培养基、温度、湿度、发酵时间等条件是中药发酵的具体、关键因素。本发明利用已知的微生物菌将其选种培育,在控制条件下,利用该微生物菌对黄芩进行发酵处理,然后对黄芩中黄芩苷进行提取,较大地提高了黄芩苷的提取率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开一种采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的工艺,提高中药材黄芩中黄芩苷的提取率,以期克服上述现有技术上的不足。
实现上述发明目的的技术解决方案如下:一种采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的工艺,包括发酵菌种绿色木霉菌的活化、种子培养、培养基的制备、中药材黄芩的发酵、有效成分黄芩苷的提取步骤,步骤如下:
(1)将绿色木霉菌种(菌种保藏号:SICC 3.607)接种于麦芽汁培养基上进行活化培养,28℃培养72小时,挑取菌落接种到含5ml麦芽汁培养试管中,28℃摇床培养48小时,然后转接到含300ml麦芽汁培养基的三角瓶中,150-300rpm/min,28℃培养24小时;培养之后的菌种用无菌水配制成每毫升含107-9个分生孢子的悬浮液;
(2)称取一定量的黄芩干粉过40目筛,加适量蒸馏水浸泡12小时,按质量体积比(W/V)加入磷酸二氢钾0.3%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.2%~0.4%、维生素B10.002%~0.003%,蔗糖3%~5%,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟,灭菌后置入发酵罐中;
(3)将活化后的绿色木霉菌孢子悬液按体积比(V/V)3%~7%比例,以孢子悬液形式加入发酵罐中进行培养以发酵黄芩;
(4)有效成分黄芩苷的提取步骤是:将黄芩发酵物煎煮2次,每次30分钟,过滤除渣取滤液,用2mol/L盐酸调pH值1-2,沉淀1小时,取沉淀,加沸水洗涤两次,加乙醇洗涤一次,挥尽乙醇后,得沉淀物黄芩苷。
所述的采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的工艺,其特征是所述发酵黄芩的控制条件为:温度26~30℃,转速150~300rpm/min,溶氧50~58%,培养时间6~8天。
与现有技术相比本发明的优点与积极效果在于:
1、本发明的研究证明了发酵也是传统中药材炮制的方法之一,中药成分的生物转化将成为中药创制新药研究的重要方面。
2、本发明研究的工艺试验结果表明,所得黄芩苷收率达21%~23.4%,比常规方法提高了9.0%~11.6%左右。
具体实施方式
给出实施例,并对本发明做进一步的具体说明。本发明所要解决的技术问题是采用微生物菌发酵中药黄芩以提高黄芩中活性成分黄芩苷的提取率。具体技术原理是利用已知的绿色木霉菌,其菌种保藏号:SICC 3.607,在代谢过程中可分泌纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、果胶酶等特点,这些酶能分解黄芩中细胞壁中纤维素、半纤维素,果胶质、木质等致密结构,促使药物活性成分黄芩苷的最大限度的释放,从而提高中药活性成分提取量。其工艺包括发酵菌种绿色木霉菌的活化、种子培养、培养基的制备、中药材黄芩的发酵、有效成分黄芩苷的提取步骤,具体地还包括如下步骤:
(1)将绿色木霉菌种接种于麦芽汁培养基上进行活化培养,28℃培养72小时,挑取菌落接种到含5ml麦芽汁培养试管中,28℃摇床培养48小时,然后转接到含300ml麦芽汁培养基的三角瓶中,150~300rpm/min,28℃培养24小时;培养之后的菌种用无菌水配制成每毫升含107-9个分生孢子的悬浮液;
(2)称取一定量的黄芩干粉过40目筛,加适量蒸馏水浸泡12小时,按质量体积比(W/V)加入磷酸二氢钾0.3%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.2%~0.4%、维生素B10.002%~0.003%,蔗糖3%~5%,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟,灭菌后置入发酵罐中;
(3)将活化后的绿色木霉菌孢子悬液按体积比(V/V)3%~7%比例,以孢子悬液形式加入发酵罐中进行培养以发酵黄芩,其发酵条件为:温度26~30℃,转速150~300rpm/min,溶氧50%~58%,培养时间6~8天;
(4)将发酵过的黄芩发酵物煎煮2次,每次30分钟,过滤除渣取滤液,用2mol/L盐酸调pH值1-2,沉淀1小时,取沉淀,加沸水洗涤两次,加乙醇洗涤一次,挥尽乙醇后,得沉淀物黄芩苷即为黄芩的有效成分黄芩苷。
实施例1:
取黄芩干粉2.5kg过40目筛后置50L发酵罐中,加20L蒸馏水浸泡12小时,再加蒸馏水至至25L。按质量体积比(W/V)加磷酸二氢钾75克、硫酸镁50克、维生素B1 0.5克,蔗糖750g,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟。绿色木霉菌用无菌水配成每毫升含109个分生孢子的悬浮液,取孢子悬液1L接种到培养基中,发酵培养温度26℃,溶氧50%,150rpm/min振荡培养144小时。此发酵工艺能使黄芩苷的收率达22.3%。
实施例2:
取黄芩干粉2.5kg过40目筛后置50L发酵罐中,加20L蒸馏水浸泡12小时,再加蒸馏水至25L。按质量体积比(W/V)加磷酸二氢钾125克、硫酸镁100克、维生素B1 0.75克,蔗糖1250克,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟。绿色木霉菌用无菌水配成每毫升含109个分生孢子的悬浮液,取孢子悬液0.75L接种到培养基中,发酵培养温度26℃,溶氧50%,150rpm/min振荡培养144小时。此发酵工艺能使黄芩苷的收率达21.6%。
实施例3:
取黄芩干粉5kg过40目筛后置100L发酵罐中,加40L蒸馏水浸泡12小时,再加蒸馏水至最50L。按质量体积比(W/V)加磷酸二氢钾150克、硫酸镁100克、维生素B1 1克,蔗糖1500克,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟。绿色木霉菌用无菌水配成每毫升含108个分生孢子的悬浮液,取孢子悬液2.5L接种到培养基中,发酵培养温度30℃,溶氧58%,300rpm/min振荡培养168小时。此发酵工艺能使黄芩苷的收率达23.1%。
实施例4:
取黄芩干粉5kg过40目筛后置100L发酵罐中,加40L蒸馏水浸泡12小时,再加蒸馏水至最50L。按质量体积比(W/V)加磷酸二氢钾200克、硫酸镁150克、维生素B1 1克,蔗糖2000克,用2mol/L HCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟。绿色木霉菌用无菌水配成每毫升含109个分生孢子的悬浮液,取孢子悬液3L比例接种到培养基中,发酵培养温度27℃,溶氧53%,200rpm/min振荡培养144小时。此发酵工艺能使黄芩苷的收率达22.7%。
Claims (2)
1.一种采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的方法,包括发酵菌种绿色木霉菌的活化、种子培养、培养基的制备、中药材黄芩的发酵、有效成分黄芩苷的提取步骤,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将绿色木霉菌种,菌种保藏号:SICC3.607,接种于麦芽汁培养基上进行活化培养,28℃培养72小时,挑取菌落接种到含5ml麦芽汁培养试管中,28℃摇床培养48小时,然后转接到含300ml麦芽汁培养基的三角瓶中,150~300rpm/min,28℃培养24小时;培养之后的菌种用无菌水配制成每毫升含107-9个分生孢子的悬浮液;
(2)称取一定量的黄芩干粉过40目筛,加适量蒸馏水浸泡12小时,按质量体积比W/V加入磷酸二氢钾0.3%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.2%~0.4%、维生素B10.002%~0.003%,蔗糖3%~5%,用2mol/LHCL调pH值至6.8-7.0,121℃灭菌20分钟,灭菌后置入发酵罐中;
(3)将活化后的绿色木霉菌孢子悬液按体积比V/V3%~7%比例,以孢子悬液形式加入发酵罐中进行培养以发酵黄芩;
(4)将发酵处理过的黄芩发酵物煎煮2次,每次30分钟,过滤除渣取滤液,用2mol/L盐酸调pH值1-2,沉淀1小时,取沉淀,加沸水洗涤两次,加乙醇洗涤一次,挥尽乙醇后,得沉淀物黄芩苷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用中药发酵技术提高黄芩苷提取量的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵黄芩的控制条件为:温度26~30℃,转速150~300rpm/min,溶氧50~58%,培养时间6~8天。
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