CN102201755A - Mixed clamping type four-level converter - Google Patents
Mixed clamping type four-level converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102201755A CN102201755A CN2011101464368A CN201110146436A CN102201755A CN 102201755 A CN102201755 A CN 102201755A CN 2011101464368 A CN2011101464368 A CN 2011101464368A CN 201110146436 A CN201110146436 A CN 201110146436A CN 102201755 A CN102201755 A CN 102201755A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- switching device
- described switching
- level
- power terminal
- bus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed clamping type level converter, which is characterized by comprising a DC (direct current) bus and three four-level bridge arms, wherein two ends of the DC bus are sequentially connected with the three four-level bridge arms in parallel; each four-level bridge arm is provided with an output end; and three output ends of the three four-level bridge arms output three-phase AC (alternating current) voltages together. The four-level converter comprises the DC bus and the three four-level bridge arms; the DC bus is formed by connecting three capacitors in series; each capacitor bears 1/3 of a DC bus voltage; each four-level bridge arm is formed by eight switching elements and one clamping capacitor; and the clamping capacitor also bears 1/3 of the DC bus voltage, therefore, the different switching modes are used to realize voltage balance control of all capacitors, thus the number of the clamping elements and the number of the clamping capacitors are reduced and the phenomenon that the switching elements are directly connected in series does not exist. The four-level converter is widely applied to the topological structures of power electronic multi-level converters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power electronics multi-level converter topological structure, particularly about a kind of combination clamping type four level converters.
Background technology
The alternating current machine of high-voltage large-capacity is widely used in the industrial circles such as steel rolling, papermaking, cement, coal, railway and boats and ships.Multilevel converter carries out frequency control to alternating current machine, not only can reach purpose of energy saving, can also improve process conditions, improve production efficiency and product quality.
At present, common many level of clamp type topology mainly contains diode-clamped, capacitor-clamped type, active neutral point clamp type and general clamped multi-level topology etc.Wherein, the diode-clamped structure is used more extensive in industry, many level of diode-clamped topology (as shown in Figure 1) of five level brachium pontis structures for example, but there is following shortcoming in it: 1, increasing along with the output level number, the number of clamping diode will increase fast according to the quadratic power of number of levels, the circuit structure complexity, cost increases, and reliability is lower.2, five level and abovely be difficult to realize the bus capacitor balances of voltage at different levels need extra hardware circuit.These drawbacks limit diode-clamped topology toward higher level number development.As shown in Figure 2, many level topology of capacitor-clamped type topology brachium pontis structure, also there is similar shortcoming in it: must use a large amount of clamping capacitances, and its quantity also is directly proportional with the quadratic power of number of levels, cause system's control complicated, cost increases, and reliability also reduces greatly.Active neutral point clamp type topology is the clamp type topology that a kind of ratio is easier to export five level, and as shown in Figure 3, the clamping device that one phase brachium pontis structure is not only used is less, and bus capacitor only is divided into two sections, and the capacitance voltage balance is control easily also.But there are two situations that switching device is directly connected in it, and makes system reliability descend, and can not export the even number level.As shown in Figure 4, general clamped multi-level topology brachium pontis structure is considered to the most comprehensive also the most complicated a kind of a kind of many level structure, can realize the voltage self-balancing of all electric capacity.But switching device that its major defect is to use and electric capacity number are numerous, and cost is very high, are not suitable for promoting the use of industrial.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can significantly reduce clamping device and clamping capacitance quantity, do not have the switching device situation of directly connecting, reliability is higher, and just can realize combination clamping type four level converters that many level are exported with less clamping device.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of combination clamping type four level converters, it is characterized in that: it comprises a dc bus and three four level brachium pontis, the two ends of described dc bus described three the four level brachium pontis that are connected in parallel successively, each described four level brachium pontis is provided with an output, and three outputs of described three four level brachium pontis are realized three-phase alternating voltage output jointly.
Described dc bus comprises the electric capacity of three series connection, and each described electric capacity bears 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage; Draw first power terminal in the positive ends of first described electric capacity, between first described electric capacity and second described electric capacity, draw second power terminal, between second described electric capacity and the 3rd described electric capacity, draw the 3rd power terminal, draw the 4th power terminal at the negative polarity end of the 3rd described electric capacity; Described first power terminal and the 4th power terminal are in parallel with upper and lower two inputs of described three four level brachium pontis successively, and described second power terminal and the 3rd power terminal are in parallel with two other input of described three four level brachium pontis successively.
Each described four level brachium pontis includes eight switching devices and a clamping capacitance, the emitter of first described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 5th described switching device, and between two described switching devices, connecting the collector electrode of the 3rd described switching device, the emitter of the 3rd described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 4th described switching device; The emitter of second described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 6th described switching device, and between two described switching devices, connecting the emitter of the 7th described switching device, the collector electrode of the 7th described switching device connects the emitter of the 8th described switching device; Described clamping capacitance in parallel between the 3rd common port with the common port of the 4th described switching device and the 7th, the 8th described switching device, the emitter of the 4th described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 8th described switching device.
First, the collector electrode of second described switching device draw respectively first, the 3rd power terminal; The emitter of the 5th, the 6th described switching device is drawn second, the 4th power terminal respectively; Draw lead-out terminal between the 4th described switching device and the 8th described switching device; Described first, the 4th power terminal connect respectively described dc bus first, the 4th power terminal, described second, the 3rd power terminal connects second, the 3rd power terminal of described dc bus respectively.
First described switching device and the 5th described switching device complementation; Second described switching device and the 6th described switching device complementation; The 3rd described switching device and the 7th described switching device complementation; The 4th described switching device and the 8th described switching device complementation.
Described clamping capacitance is 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage.
Switching device in each described four level brachium pontis adopts field-effect transistor, igbt or integrated gate commutated thyristor.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is made up of dc bus and three four level brachium pontis owing to adopting, dc bus is formed by three capacitances in series, each electric capacity bears 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage, each four level brachium pontis is made up of eight switching devices and a clamping capacitance, and clamping capacitance also bears 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage.By using different on-off modes, just can realize the balance of voltage control of all electric capacity like this, therefore, significantly reduce the quantity of clamping device and clamping capacitance, not have the directly situation of series connection of switching device.2, the present invention is because each four level brachium pontis includes eight switching devices and a clamping capacitance, and each switching device all is connected with its complementary switching device with one, forms multiple on-off mode.According to the difference of controlled target, can select different on-off modes when exporting identical voltage like this, use component number less, simplify circuit structure greatly, reliability is higher, has realized many level outputs with less clamping device.The present invention can be widely used in the power electronics multi-level converter topological structure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is diode-clamped five-level converter bridge arm configuration figure in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is a capacitor-clamped type five-level converter brachium pontis structure chart in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is an active neutral point clamp type five-level converter brachium pontis structure chart in the prior art;
Fig. 4 is general clamped five-level converter bridge arm configuration figure in the prior art;
Fig. 5 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a dc bus structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is four level brachium pontis structural representations of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 5, the present invention includes a dc bus 1 and three four level brachium pontis 2, the two ends of dc bus 1 three the four level brachium pontis 2 that are connected in parallel successively, each four level brachium pontis 2 is provided with an output, and three outputs of three four level brachium pontis 2 are realized three-phase alternating voltage output jointly.
As shown in Figure 6, dc bus 1 comprises three identical series capacitance C
D1, C
D2And C
D3, each electric capacity bears 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage.In capacitor C
D1Positive ends draw first power terminal X1, in capacitor C
D1With capacitor C
D2Between draw second power terminal X2, in capacitor C
D2With capacitor C
D3Between draw the 3rd power terminal X3, in capacitor C
D3The negative polarity end draw the 4th power terminal X4.First power terminal X1 and the 4th power terminal X4 of being positioned at dc bus 1 two ends are in parallel with upper and lower two input X1 ', the X4 ' of three four level brachium pontis 2 successively, and second power terminal X2 and the 3rd power terminal X3 of being positioned at dc bus 1 middle part are in parallel with two other input X2 ', the X3 ' of three four level brachium pontis 2 successively.
As shown in Figure 7, each four level brachium pontis 2 include eight switching device S1, S2, S3, S4,
S1,
S2,
S3With
S4And clamping capacitance C
f, the emitter of switching device S1 connects switching device
S1Collector electrode, and at switching device S1 and switching device
S1Between connect the collector electrode of switching device S3, the emitter of switching device S3 connects the collector electrode of switching device S4; The emitter of switching device S2 connects switching device
S2Collector electrode, and at switching device S2 and switching device
S2Between connect switching device
S3Emitter, switching device
S3Collector electrode connect switching device
S4Emitter; Common port and switching device at switching device S3, S4
S3,
S4Common port between clamping capacitance C in parallel
f, the emitter of switching device S4 and switching device
S4Collector electrode connect after, draw lead-out terminal X5.The collector electrode of switching device S1, S2 draw respectively first, the 3rd power terminal X1 ', X3 ', switching device
S1,
S2Emitter draw second, four power terminal X2 ', X4 ' respectively.Wherein, first, the 4th power terminal X1 ', X4 ' connect respectively dc bus 1 first, the 4th power terminal X1, X4; Second, the 3rd power terminal X2 ', X3 ' connect second, the 3rd power terminal X2, X3 of dc bus 1 respectively.
In the foregoing description, clamping capacitance C
fRemain 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage, switching device S1 and switching device
S1, switching device S2 and switching device
S2, switching device S3 and switching device
S3, switching device S4 and switching device
S4Complementary respectively, promptly when wherein some switching devices were opened, corresponding complementary switch device turn-offed.
In the various embodiments described above, switching device in each four level brachium pontis 2 is according to the difference of DC bus-bar voltage grade, can select the corresponding power semiconductor switch of variety classes, such as MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, field-effect transistor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, igbt) or IGCT (Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor, integrated gate commutated thyristor) etc.
In sum, the present invention in use, the total voltage of supposing dc bus 1 is 3E, then the capacitor C in the dc bus 1
D1, C
D2And C
D3Voltage be E, clamping capacitance C
fVoltage also be E.When requiring output voltage to be Vo=3E, have only a kind of on-off mode, promptly open switching device S1, S2, S3 and S4, the rest switch device turn-offs.
When requiring output voltage to be Vo=2E, have three kinds of different on-off modes, the one, open switching device S1, S2, S3 and
S4, the rest switch device turn-offs; The 2nd, open switching device
S1,
S2, S3 and S4, the rest switch device turn-offs; The 3rd, open switching device S1, S2,
S3And S4, the rest switch device turn-offs.
When requiring output voltage to be Vo=E, three kinds of different on-off modes are also arranged, the one, open switching device
S1,
S2, S3 and
S4, the rest switch device turn-offs; The 2nd, open switching device S1, S2,
S3With
S4, the rest switch device turn-offs; The 3rd, open switching device
S1,
S2,
S3And S4, the rest switch device turn-offs.
When requiring output voltage to be Vo=0, have only a kind of on-off mode, promptly open switching device
S1,
S2,
S3With
S4, the rest switch device turn-offs.
According to the difference of controlled target, can select different on-off modes when exporting identical voltage, can realize the balance of voltage control of each electric capacity with this.All on-off modes are with as shown in table 1 with the truth table of output voltage.
The on-off mode of table 1 combination clamping type four level converters with the truth table of output voltage
| S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | Vo |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | E |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2E |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2E |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2E |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3E |
The various embodiments described above only are used to illustrate the present invention; the structure of each parts and connected mode all can change to some extent; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; all improvement and equivalents of the connection and the structure of individual component being carried out according to the principle of the invention all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. combination clamping type four level converters, it is characterized in that: it comprises a dc bus and three four level brachium pontis, the two ends of described dc bus described three the four level brachium pontis that are connected in parallel successively, each described four level brachium pontis is provided with an output, and three outputs of described three four level brachium pontis are realized three-phase alternating voltage output jointly.
2. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dc bus comprises the electric capacity of three series connection, each described electric capacity bears 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage; Draw first power terminal in the positive ends of first described electric capacity, between first described electric capacity and second described electric capacity, draw second power terminal, between second described electric capacity and the 3rd described electric capacity, draw the 3rd power terminal, draw the 4th power terminal at the negative polarity end of the 3rd described electric capacity; Described first power terminal and the 4th power terminal are in parallel with upper and lower two inputs of described three four level brachium pontis successively, and described second power terminal and the 3rd power terminal are in parallel with two other input of described three four level brachium pontis successively.
3. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: each described four level brachium pontis includes eight switching devices and a clamping capacitance, the emitter of first described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 5th described switching device, and between two described switching devices, connecting the collector electrode of the 3rd described switching device, the emitter of the 3rd described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 4th described switching device; The emitter of second described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 6th described switching device, and between two described switching devices, connecting the emitter of the 7th described switching device, the collector electrode of the 7th described switching device connects the emitter of the 8th described switching device; Described clamping capacitance in parallel between the 3rd common port with the common port of the 4th described switching device and the 7th, the 8th described switching device, the emitter of the 4th described switching device connects the collector electrode of the 8th described switching device.
4. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: first, the collector electrode of second described switching device draw respectively first, the 3rd power terminal; The emitter of the 5th, the 6th described switching device is drawn second, the 4th power terminal respectively; Draw lead-out terminal between the 4th described switching device and the 8th described switching device; Described first, the 4th power terminal connect respectively described dc bus first, the 4th power terminal, described second, the 3rd power terminal connects second, the 3rd power terminal of described dc bus respectively.
5. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: first described switching device and the 5th described switching device complementation; Second described switching device and the 6th described switching device complementation; The 3rd described switching device and the 7th described switching device complementation; The 4th described switching device and the 8th described switching device complementation.
6. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: first described switching device and the 5th described switching device complementation; Second described switching device and the 6th described switching device complementation; The 3rd described switching device and the 7th described switching device complementation; The 4th described switching device and the 8th described switching device complementation.
7. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described clamping capacitance is 1/3 DC bus-bar voltage.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 described a kind of combination clamping type four level converters, it is characterized in that: the switching device in each described four level brachium pontis adopts field-effect transistor, igbt or integrated gate commutated thyristor.
9. a kind of combination clamping type four level converters as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the switching device in each described four level brachium pontis adopts field-effect transistor, igbt or integrated gate commutated thyristor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110146436 CN102201755B (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Mixed clamping type four-level converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110146436 CN102201755B (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Mixed clamping type four-level converter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102201755A true CN102201755A (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| CN102201755B CN102201755B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
Family
ID=44662205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110146436 Active CN102201755B (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Mixed clamping type four-level converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102201755B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102593870A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-07-18 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | High-voltage high-power direct-drive offshore wind generating set based on superconducting motor |
| CN103078538A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-05-01 | 清华大学 | Combination clamping seven-level converter |
| CN104601026A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽大学 | Suspended capacitor voltage control method of five-level ANPC (Active Neutral-Point-Clamped) converter |
| CN105048842A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-11-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Single-phase four-level inverter and application circuit thereof |
| CN105226980A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A kind of four electrical level inverter low voltage traversing control method and systems |
| CN105897004A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-24 | 清华大学 | Power electronic transformer topology structure for self-balancing of multi-level DC bus |
| CN108667321A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-16 | 重庆大学 | Mix four level rectifiers |
| CN111064378A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-24 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Five-level hybrid neutral point clamped converter |
| CN113783451A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 新疆大学 | Optimal control method of multi-section zero-sequence voltage approaching HANPC multi-level converter |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080239772A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Intel Corporation | Switched capacitor converters |
| CN101483397A (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2009-07-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Diode clamping tri-level dual decompression type semi-bridge inverter |
-
2011
- 2011-06-01 CN CN 201110146436 patent/CN102201755B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080239772A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | Intel Corporation | Switched capacitor converters |
| CN101483397A (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2009-07-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Diode clamping tri-level dual decompression type semi-bridge inverter |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| F.KIEFERNDORT ETC: "《A New Medium Voltage Drive System Based on ANPC-5L Technology》", 《INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (ICIT),2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON》, 31 March 2010 (2010-03-31), pages 643 - 649, XP031681171 * |
| 叶满园，袁义生: "《四电平二极管箝位逆变器调制方法的比较》", 《南昌工程学院学报》, vol. 28, no. 1, 28 February 2009 (2009-02-28) * |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102593870A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-07-18 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | High-voltage high-power direct-drive offshore wind generating set based on superconducting motor |
| CN103078538A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-05-01 | 清华大学 | Combination clamping seven-level converter |
| CN104601026A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽大学 | Suspended capacitor voltage control method of five-level ANPC (Active Neutral-Point-Clamped) converter |
| CN105048842A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-11-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Single-phase four-level inverter and application circuit thereof |
| CN105226980A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-06 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A kind of four electrical level inverter low voltage traversing control method and systems |
| CN105897004A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-24 | 清华大学 | Power electronic transformer topology structure for self-balancing of multi-level DC bus |
| CN108667321A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-16 | 重庆大学 | Mix four level rectifiers |
| CN108667321B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2020-07-07 | 重庆大学 | Hybrid four-level rectifier |
| CN111064378A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-24 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Five-level hybrid neutral point clamped converter |
| CN113783451A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 新疆大学 | Optimal control method of multi-section zero-sequence voltage approaching HANPC multi-level converter |
| CN113783451B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-06-30 | 新疆大学 | Optimal control method of multi-section zero sequence voltage approximation HANPC multi-level converter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102201755B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102201755B (en) | Mixed clamping type four-level converter | |
| CN102427304B (en) | Single-phase half-bridge five-level inverter and application circuit thereof | |
| CN101262180B (en) | Single-phase circuit topology structure for clamp multi-level converter | |
| CN106655853B (en) | A kind of three-level inverter | |
| CN104218832B (en) | A kind of single-phase five level topology and inverters | |
| WO2017157338A1 (en) | Single-phase five-level active clamping converter unit and converter | |
| CN102594187B (en) | Four-level topological unit and application circuit thereof | |
| CN109302058A (en) | A kind of direct current-direct current Modular multilevel converter and its control method with the output of three level of class | |
| CN106655841A (en) | Novel three-phase current converter topology based on modular multilevel converter | |
| CN102769404A (en) | Four-level inversion topological unit and four-level inverter | |
| CN203761253U (en) | Circuit branch of current transformer and three-phase current transformer | |
| CN102437769B (en) | Single-phase semi-bridge five-electrical level inverter and its application circuit | |
| CN102427305B (en) | Single-phase half-bridge five-level inverter and application circuit thereof | |
| CN108988672B (en) | A kind of six level circuit topological structures for power conversion system | |
| CN107482892B (en) | Energy buffer circuit and converter | |
| CN203872078U (en) | N-output single-phase N+1 switch group MMC inverter | |
| CN102437761A (en) | Single-phase full bridge three-level inverter and three-phase three-level inverter | |
| CN102437768B (en) | Single-phase half-bridge five-level inverter and application circuit thereof | |
| CN202059344U (en) | Topology of five-level circuit | |
| CN103762881A (en) | Double-output single-phase three-switch-block MMC inverter and control method thereof | |
| CN102761286A (en) | Four-level inverter topological unit and four-level inverter | |
| CN102570881B (en) | Four-level topology unit and application circuit thereof | |
| CN103078538A (en) | Combination clamping seven-level converter | |
| CN102427307B (en) | Three-phase four-wire three-level inverter | |
| CN105703647A (en) | Three-level clamping type three-leg 15-switch converter topology structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |