CN102195427B - Two-stage hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor - Google Patents
Two-stage hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102195427B CN102195427B CN 201010122060 CN201010122060A CN102195427B CN 102195427 B CN102195427 B CN 102195427B CN 201010122060 CN201010122060 CN 201010122060 CN 201010122060 A CN201010122060 A CN 201010122060A CN 102195427 B CN102195427 B CN 102195427B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor, which is characterized by comprising a hybrid excitation main generator, an exciter and a rotating rectifier, wherein the main generator is a rotating magnetic pole type hybrid excitation generator of which a rotor is provided with an exciting winding and a permanent magnet source; the exciter is a rotating armature type synchronous generator; an input end and an output end of the rotating rectifier are connected with an exciter armature winding and a main generator exciting winding respectively; and the rotating rectifier is arranged on the rotor. When the motor operates, alternating current generated by an exciter armature is rectified through the rotating rectifier and then is supplied to the main generator exciting winding. The invention has the advantages that: a motor exciting problem is solved without the addition of the initial excitation equipment by utilizing a permanent magnet field of the hybrid excitation main generator, so that the generator achieves stable voltage gradually and is completely self-excited. A special permanent magnet auxiliary exciter or an auxiliary exciting power supply is eliminated, and a two-stage hybrid excitation synchronous motor with a brushless structure is formed; moreover, the synchronous motor has a simple structure and high power density, and is self-excited and convenient to control.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of two-stage type composite excitation brushless synchronous motor, belongs to the field of composite excitation brushless synchronous motor.
Background technology
Hybrid exciting synchronous motor is a kind of electric machine structure form that is proposed by Russian scholar the earliest eighties of last century eighties.Different from traditional electric excitation synchronous motor and permanent magnetic synchronous motor structure, existing permanent magnet has again excitation winding in the hybrid exciting synchronous motor, and two magnetic potential sources exist simultaneously.The advantages such as the adjustable magnetic of it is integrated electric excitation synchronous motor is convenient and the adjustable magnetic capacity is little and efficient permagnetic synchronous motor is high, torque/mass ratio is large have overcome again the defective of permagnetic synchronous motor flux control difficulty simultaneously, and larger application value is arranged.The rotor field coil of existing hybrid exciting synchronous motor needs DC excitation, exciting current is introduced by electric brush slip ring, therefore on operational reliability and regular maintenance, just exist very large hidden danger, thereby restricted it in the contour performance applications of aerospace field and development.The non-brushing scheme of hybrid exciting synchronous motor is divided into two classes:
1. the magnetic conduction bridge of excitation winding is installed in stator side, axial excitation magnetic field is provided, but causes the motor additional air gap many, excitation efficiency is low, and the rotor core material need adopt monoblock mild steel, and core loss is larger, the brushless excitation scheme of the empty generator of therefore uncomfortable cooperation high-speed aircraft.
2. excitation winding directly provides excitation field around stator, such as double-convex pole hybrid excitation motor, mixed magnetic circuit flux switching motor etc., but such motor is only suitable for doing DC generator.
Traditional electric excitation synchronous generator adopts AC exciter to add the rotation rectifier and realizes non-brushing, and three grades of formula brushless synchrnous ac generators of aviation all adopt this excitation mode.This scheme is comprised of permanent magnetic auxiliary exciter, exciter, three grades of formula structures of main generator, utilizes permanent magnet generator to the excitation winding power supply realization self-excitation of exciter, and the armature winding of exciter is powered to the main generator excitation winding through rotating rectifier.Provide exciting current if replace pilot exciter with an outside DC source to exciter, then consisted of the two-stage type brushless structure, two-stage type electric exciting brushless synchronous generator must utilize external power source could realize self-excitation.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention proposed is a kind of two-stage type composite excitation brushless synchronous motor, and its purpose is intended to overcome the existing defects of prior art, utilizes the characteristic of the permanent-magnet magnetic potential source of composite excitation main generator, makes up a kind of two-stage type composite excitation brushless synchronous motor.The motor operational reliability of bringing when avoiding electric brush slip ring is low, the defectives such as regular maintenance difficulty.Simultaneously, utilize the permanent-magnet magnetic potential source of main generator, solve the excitation problem, guarantee the fully self-excitation of motor, save pilot exciter or external dc power.
Technical solution of the present invention: it is characterized in that comprising main generator, exciter, rotating rectifier three parts form, and wherein main generator adopts the rotary pole formula, and the hybrid excitation generator of excitation winding and Magnets is arranged on the permanent magnet (rotor); Exciter is revolving-armature type electric excitation generator or mixed excitation electric machine; The input of rotating rectifier, output connect respectively the armature of exciter winding (with the main generator excitation winding, rotating rectifier is installed on the rotor, when motor rotation, (alternating current of generation is supplied with the main generator excitation winding to armature of exciter after the rotating rectifier rectification, by regulating the exciter excitation winding current, change the output voltage of main generator armature winding, realize the non-brushing of generator, power by excitation winding.
Advantage of the present invention: because special composite excitation structure, permanent magnetism has a small amount of magnetic flux to pass air gap generation residue armature voltage, utilize this part electric energy to provide enough initial magnetization energy to exciter, can make generator progressively reach stable voltage, need not additionally to increase initial energizing apparatus, thereby solved the excitation problem of motor.This part electromotive force can be used to save special permanent magnetic auxiliary exciter into voltage regulator and the power supply of control protector simultaneously, formed novel two-stage type brushless structure scheme, thereby the realization main generator is encouraged oneself fully.
Compared with prior art have following advantage:
1, the main generator of composite excitation has simple in structure, the advantage such as excitation efficiency is high, power density is large, control is convenient, demagnetization and fault protecting method are simple.Its power density all can be higher than electric excitation synchronous motor.This brushless scheme continues to keep the advantage of mixed excitation electric machine.
2, the present invention utilizes the Magnets of main generator, has consisted of the two-stage type brushless structure.Compare with three grades of brushless schemes of formula of tradition, this programme need not to add one-level pilot exciter (permanent magnet generator) again; Compare with traditional electrical excitation two-stage type brushless generator scheme, this programme need not outside dc excitation power or outside electric power network, need not additionally to increase initial energizing apparatus to solve the excitation problem of motor.This part electromotive force can be used to formed novel two-stage type brushless structure scheme, thereby the realization main generator be encouraged oneself fully into voltage regulator and the power supply of control protector simultaneously.Greatly reduce the volume of whole motor, alleviated motor weight, simplified electric machine structure, make it have higher power density.
3, adopt compound-wound pressure regulation strategy, gather simultaneously output voltage and electric current.Having guaranteed under the various working such as zero load, short circuit can reliably working, has guaranteed this two-stage type brushless electric machine reliability of operation.
4, have that volume is little, efficient is high, power density is large, control is convenient, the operational reliability advantages of higher.Production and regular maintenance are simple, can substitute traditional electric exciting brushless synchronous generator as the main generator of the devices such as aircraft, naval vessels, vehicle, also can be used as water wheels, steamer and wind-driven generator etc.; This programme also can be made to have and start/generate electricity bifunctional motor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 main generator (normal/radial magnetic path parallel connection hybrid exciting synchronous motor) sectional view
Fig. 4 is exciter of the present invention (revolving-armature type synchronous machine) sectional view;
Fig. 5 is exciter electric current amplification characteristic figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is two-stage compound-wound non-brushing scheme specific implementation block diagram of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing 1 is rear end cap, the 2nd, casing, the 3rd, exciter stator is unshakable in one's determination, the 4th, the exciter excitation winding, the 5th, rotating rectifier, the 6th, main generator unit stator is unshakable in one's determination, the 7th, main generator armature winding, the 8th, front end housing, the 9th, the main generator excitation winding, the 10th, main generator rotor is unshakable in one's determination, the 11st, the armature of exciter winding, the 12nd, exciter rotor is unshakable in one's determination, the 13rd, rotating shaft, the 14th, permanent magnet (rotor), the 15th, the main generator rotor pole shoe, the 16th, the main generator rotor yoke, the 17th, the main generator rotor tooth, the 18th, the exciter stator groove, the 19th, the exciter stator tooth, the 20th, the exciter rotor tooth, the 21st, the main generator excitation winding, the 22nd, the exciter rotor groove, the 23rd, bearing.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, main generator is without excitation the time, and the magnetic flux that permanent magnet produces forms the closed-loop path along rotor core, thereby forms a more saturated magnetic field at rotor, also has in addition a small amount of remanent magnetism closed along stator core, produces remanent magnetism voltage.Utilize this part electric energy to provide enough initial magnetization energy to exciter, can make generator progressively reach stable voltage, need not additionally to increase initial energizing apparatus, thereby solved the excitation problem of motor.This part electromotive force can be used to save special permanent magnetic auxiliary exciter into voltage regulator and the power supply of control protector simultaneously.Compare with three grades of formula brushless structures of tradition, this programme saves this one-level of pilot exciter (permanent magnet generator), has consisted of two-stage type brushless structure as shown in the figure.Compare with traditional electrical excitation two-stage type brushless generator scheme, this programme need not outside dc excitation power or outside electric power network, need not additionally to increase initial energizing apparatus to solve the excitation problem of motor, formed novel two-stage type brushless structure scheme, thereby the realization main generator is encouraged oneself fully.Formed novel two-stage type brushless structure scheme, thereby the realization main generator is encouraged oneself fully.Rotating rectifier 5 is fixed on the exciter rotor, rotates with exciter rotor.It adopts not control rectifying circuit of three phase full bridge at circuit topology, namely forms full-bridge by six diodes.The input of rectifier 5 links to each other with the armature winding of exciter 11, output links to each other with main generator excitation winding 9, the three-phase alternating current of drawing from armature of exciter winding 11 is after rotating rectifier 5 rectifications, and the direct current that obtains is as the exciting current of main generator.
But the method for two-stage type composite excitation brushless synchronous motor specific implementation has multiple.By the difference of excitation winding power supply, can be divided into separated exciting and self-excitation type; The main generator unit stator iron core can be salient-pole structure, also can be the non-salient pole structure; Its winding can be distributed winding, also can be to concentrate winding; The exciter rotor iron core can be the non-salient pole structure, also can be salient-pole structure; Its winding can be distributed winding, also can be to concentrate winding etc.
As shown in Figure 2, its structure is to comprise main generator, exciter and rotating rectifier.Main generator comprises stator and rotor, stator is made of parts such as main generator unit stator iron core 6, main generator armature winding 7, casings 2, main generator unit stator iron core 6 press-fits 2 li of casings, main generator armature winding 7 is embedded in the main generator unit stator iron core 6, and one of them end cap 1 is installed in respectively casing 2 one ends; Rotor comprises the parts such as main generator rotor iron core 10, main generator excitation winding 9, and main generator excitation winding 9 is concentrated on the wound rotor iron core 10, and rotating shaft 13 is fixed on the end cap of motor two ends by bearing 23.After drawing, 9 wiring of main generator excitation winding connect rotating rectifier 5 outputs.Excitation electromotor comprises stator and rotor, and stator is made of parts such as stator core 3, excitation winding 4, end cap 8, casings 2.Exciter excitation winding 4 is embedded in the exciter stator iron core 3.Rotor comprises exciter rotor iron core 12, armature of exciter winding 11 etc., and armature of exciter winding 11 is embedded in the exciter rotor groove.After drawing, armature of exciter winding 11 connects the rotating rectifier input.
As shown in Figure 3, main generator tangential and radially composite excitation of the present invention is unshakable in one's determination adopts certain thickness silicon steel sheet to form.Main generator unit stator is the same with general alternating-current motor stator structure, and main generator armature winding 7 is embedded in the main generator unit stator groove, can be distributed winding, also can be to concentrate winding; Rotor core can be divided into main generator rotor tooth 17, main generator rotor pole shoe 15 and main generator rotor yoke 16 and form.Magnet exciting coil is concentrated on the rotor pole 17 of field spider iron core, and the coil on each magnetic pole links up by series and parallel, consists of main generator excitation winding 21.Permanent magnet 14 embeds respectively 15 of adjacent two main generator rotor pole shoes, and main generator rotor pole shoe 15 surfaces also can embed damping winding.
As shown in Figure 4, be the revolving-armature type synchronous generator, electric machine iron core adopts certain thickness silicon steel sheet to form, rotor core is the non-salient pole structure, also can be salient-pole structure, and the armature of exciter winding is distributed winding, also can be to concentrate winding, armature winding be embedded in the exciter rotor groove 22.Salient-pole structure is adopted in stator core 3, and magnet exciting coil is concentrated on salient pole exciter stator tooth 19, and the coil on each magnetic pole gets up by coupled in series, the excitation winding.
As shown in Figure 5, the abscissa variable is exciting current of exciter, and ordinate is the main generator excitation winding current.In the two-stage type brushless structure, the problem of most critical is the appropriate design of exciter.At first and since exciter through rotating rectifier to main generator excitation winding power supply, for the load that adapts to main generator and the significant variation of working temperature, should make the rectification of exciter after output voltage can in very large range regulate; In addition, because AC exciter can realize the approximately linear conversion of from the exciting current to the output current (being the exciting current of main generator), thereby it is also referred to as " current amplifier ".Therefore, when exciter is carried out Electromagnetic Design, take 1.5-2 times of allowance of the main generator rated exciting current standard as the design exciting current of exciter, thereby guarantee that the magnetic circuit under its nominal operation state can not be saturated.And good electric current amplification characteristic is arranged.
As shown in Figure 6, its structure is to comprise main generator, output current sample circuit, rotor, wherein main generator comprises exciting current controller, AC exciter, output current voltage sampling circuit, voltage signal and the current signal of sampling main generator armature winding 7, the input exciting current controller is to regulate the exciting current size.Exciting current passes into the exciter excitation winding, and exciter is powered to the main generator excitation winding through rotating rectifier.
Adopt the compound excitation scheme in voltage-regulation, namely exciting current controller generates exciting current to guarantee that main generator all can reliably working under zero load, short circuit and various operating mode according to output voltage and the output current of main generator.Especially under short-circuit conditions owing to there being excitation component proportional to size of current, so effect is encouraged by force in existence when armature supply is large, can so that protector move rapidly.In normal working conditions, exciting current controller gathers output voltage signal and the output current signal of main generator simultaneously.So that feedback loop is comprised of outer voltage and current inner loop, accelerate the control reaction speed of whole system.
Claims (1)
1. a two-stage type composite excitation brushless synchronous motor is characterized in that comprising main generator, exciter, and rotating rectifier three parts form, and wherein main generator adopts the rotary pole formula, and the hybrid excitation generator of excitation winding and Magnets is arranged on the permanent magnet; Exciter is revolving-armature type electric excitation generator or mixed excitation electric machine; The input of rotating rectifier, output connect respectively armature of exciter winding and main generator excitation winding, rotating rectifier is installed on the rotor, when motor rotation, the alternating current that armature of exciter produces is supplied with the main generator excitation winding after the rotating rectifier rectification, by regulating the exciter excitation winding current, change the output voltage of main generator armature winding, realize the non-brushing of generator, power by excitation winding; Described rotating rectifier forms a three phase full bridge or three-phase full-wave/half-wave rectifying circuit by six diodes; The Magnets of described hybrid excitation generator is realized the fully self-excitation of motor, when main generator excitation winding (9) electric current is zero, the Magnets of main generator has a small amount of magnetic flux to pass air gap generation residue armature voltage, utilize this part electric energy to provide enough initial magnetization energy to exciter, make generator progressively reach stable voltage, need not additionally to increase the excitation power supply; By the difference of excitation winding power supply, can be divided into separated exciting and self-excitation type; The main generator unit stator iron core is salient-pole structure or non-salient pole structure; Its winding is distributed winding or concentrated winding; Exciter rotor non-salient pole structure unshakable in one's determination or salient-pole structure; Main generator comprises exciting current controller, AC exciter, output current voltage sampling circuit, voltage signal and the current signal of sampling main generator armature winding (7), and the input exciting current controller is to regulate the exciting current size; Exciting current passes into the exciter excitation winding, and exciter is powered to the main generator excitation winding through rotating rectifier.
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| CN 201010122060 CN102195427B (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Two-stage hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor |
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| CN 201010122060 CN102195427B (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Two-stage hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor |
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| CN102195427B true CN102195427B (en) | 2013-02-06 |
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| CN109951119A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-28 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of three-level formula aviation brushless synchronous starts/generates electricity excitation system |
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| CN112104111A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-18 | 北京世纪康华电气科技有限公司 | Exciter stator punching sheet, stator core, stator, hybrid excitation device and generator |
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