Two air gap composite excitations are directly driven switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator and machine set system thereof
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of wind-powered electricity generation field, particularly relates to a kind of large-scale pair of air gap composite excitation and directly drives switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator and machine set system thereof.
Background technology
Continuous development along with the wind-powered electricity generation industry; Wind power technology is also constantly being upgraded, is being regenerated; Mainly show as: raising single-machine capacity, development new technology are improved the wind-powered electricity generation unit performance, improve wind energy utilization, are reduced wind power cost, pay attention to the control of wind-powered electricity generation unit safety property and system reliability more.The wind energy turbine set operation is controlled, the prediction dispatching technique is also perfect constantly, simultaneously, utilizes the wind energy on the sea resource, and development marine wind electric field construction technique, the large-scale offshore wind farm machine of development consist of the technical development emphasis.
At present power at MW class and above large-scale wind electricity unit mainly with the double feed wind power generator group with directly to drive total power changing type wind turbine generator be main.The double feed wind power generator group has best cost performance, but to the ride-through capability of electric network fault and enabling capabilities a little less than.The driving-chain of double feed wind power generator group must have high power gearbox, and this reliability and maintainability to unit has proposed harsher requirement.Directly drive total power changing type wind turbine generator and be incorporated into the power networks through frequency converter, stronger to the ride-through capability of electric network fault, certain support electrical network ability is arranged; Avoided the maintenance workload of high power gearbox, reliability increases, but because its rotating speed is very low; Along with the increase of power, multipole several direct-drive permanent-magnetism synchronous generators, directly to drive the manufacturing process of electric excitation synchronous generator complicated, and technical difficulty is big; Motor volume is big; Cost is high, and along with the continuous increase of unit capacity, big-power transducer costs an arm and a leg has increased its use cost simultaneously.
Switching magnetic-resistance formula wind generator system is the energy converting between mechanical core with the switch reluctance generator; Switch reluctance generator is a double salient-pole electric machine; Stator, rotor are salient pole teeth groove structure, and stator is provided with concentrated winding, have not both had winding on the rotor and have not also had permanent magnet.Bring the terseness of frequency converter and control, driving thus.The power characteristic of wind energy conversion system has the characteristics of himself; For the best results that wind energy is caught; Just must make cooperating that switch reluctance generator and wind energy conversion system can be good; Through control to electricity generation system, wind energy conversion system is operated on the best power load line, switch reluctance generator itself has the advantages that controllable parameter is many, non-linear, lack the explicit mathematical model.Have brush DC generator and rotary rectifier no-brush synchronous generator to compare with traditional, switch reluctance generator has that tangible fault-tolerant ability is strong, combination starting and generating easily, be fit to operation of high temperature (>250 ℃) environment and advantages such as big capacity, high efficiency and high power density operation.This power generator air gap magnetic field and magnetic linkage mutually with rotor-position and winding phase current continue, cyclic variation, do not have the stable magnetic circuit working point of conventional motors, but a dynamic 3 D magnetic space.Switch reluctance generator does not have independently excitation winding, but unites two into one with concentrating the stator armature that embeds, and realizes excitation and generating through controller timesharing control, thereby simplifies the structure, and has improved reliability.Simultaneously, no electric lotus root is closed in this generator phase winding, and its fault-tolerant ability strengthens greatly.In addition, switch reluctance generator mechanical structure is simple, firm reliable.
Along with the raising of device for high-power power electronic cost performance and the development of control strategy, the advantage of switching magnetic-resistance wind generator system will be able to embody gradually.
Along with the increase of power of motor, the volume of motor will be increasing.Especially for slowspeed machine, switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator for example, when power was above greater than megawatt or number megawatt, it is quite huge that its volume will become, to such an extent as to can bring very big difficulty to transportation.Simultaneously, conventional switch reluctance motor stator armature winding current is born excitation and the double action that produces electromagnetic torque simultaneously, and winding and inverter capacity requirement are bigger, and the efficient of system and the effective rate of utilization of material are lower.
This shows that above-mentioned existing switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator obviously still has inconvenience and defective, and demands urgently further improving in structure and use.How to found and a kind ofly can significantly reduce motor volume and weight, reduce cost, convenient transportation and the large-scale pair of new air gap composite excitation that improve unit efficiency are directly driven switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator and machine set system thereof, are that the current industry utmost point needs improved targets.
The utility model content
The technical problem that the utility model will solve provides a kind of pair of air gap composite excitation and directly drives the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator, makes it can significantly reduce volume and weight, not only reduces cost but also make things convenient for transportation, thereby overcomes the deficiency of existing switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; A kind of pair of air gap composite excitation of the utility model directly driven the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator; Comprise main shaft, shell, stator and rotor, described stator comprises external stator and internal stator, and external stator and internal stator include stator core, stator winding and permanent magnet; Described rotor adopts the biconvex electrode structure, between inside and outside stator, and links with main shaft; External stator and rotor form first working gas gap, and rotor and internal stator form second working gas gap, the corresponding winding in the same way of the stator winding differential concatenation of external stator and internal stator, and first working gas gap is connected with the second working gas gap magnetic circuit.
As a kind of improvement of the utility model, also be provided with layer slot insulator between the stator core of described external stator and internal stator and the stator winding, and in stator winding, be provided with the intercoil insulation layer, between stator winding and permanent magnet, magnetic slot-seal is set.
Also comprise rotor turntable, hollow minor axis, bearing and centering machine, wherein: the rotor front end is fixedly connected with rotor turntable, and the rear end is rotatably connected through centering machine and shell; Hollow minor axis is connected with main shaft, and the inner ring sleeve of bearing is contained on the hollow minor axis, and by rotor turntable it is compressed.
Described bearing adopts double-row roller bearing.
Described centering machine comprises alignment bearing and fixedly bearing (ball) cover, front shaft sleeve and the rear axle housing of alignment bearing position; Wherein: bearing (ball) cover is fixedly connected with the rotor rear end through rotor rear end strutting piece, and front shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with shell through the generator rear flange with rear axle housing.
Also be provided with bearing sealed ring, bearing sealing plate and bearing sealed ring dividing plate between described bearing (ball) cover and the forward and backward axle sleeve.
Described external stator is installed on the outer casing inner wall, and internal stator is installed in enclosure through support and generator rear flange.
The utility model also provides a kind of pair of air gap composite excitation directly to drive the machine set system of switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator, makes it can significantly improve unit efficiency, thereby overcomes the deficiency of existing switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator machine set system.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; A kind of wind-driven generator group system of the utility model; Comprise that wheel hub, power inverter, dc-battery, inverter and load, control system, accessory power supply and above-mentioned two air gap composite excitations directly drive the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator; Wherein: the main shaft of two air gap composite excitation switch magnetic resistance wind-driven generators and wheel hub link, and are connected with power inverter; Be parallel with dc-battery between power inverter and inverter and the load; Dc-battery, power inverter and accessory power supply are connected with control system respectively.
As further improvement, described control system comprises drive circuit, over-voltage over-current protection circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, rotor position detection circuit, single-chip microcomputer or DSP minimum system circuit.
After adopting such design; The utility model has adopted two gap structures in directly driving switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator and machine set system thereof; On excitation mode, adopted the mode of electric excitation and permanent magnet composite excitation; In driving-chain, adopted simultaneously single shaft to hold the technical scheme of support, therefore had the following advantages:
1, simplified the drive system of wind turbine generator, saved high-power machinery speed change tooth case,, just saved complicated oil treatment system because the wind-powered electricity generation unit of its composition has saved high-power gearbox;
2, directly drive two air gap switch reluctance generators with respect to single air gap switch reluctance generator, the motor output power of unit volume increases, thereby reduces motor volume and weight, has both reduced cost, has made things convenient for transportation again;
3, directly drive two air gap composite excitation switch reluctance generators with respect to directly driving two air gap electricity field switch reluctance generators; The inside and outside stator armature electric current of two air gap electricity field switch reluctance generators is born excitation and the double action that produces electromagnetic torque simultaneously; Winding and inverter capacity requirement are bigger, and the efficient and the stock utilization of system are lower; And directly drive two air gap composite excitation switch reluctance generators; The characteristics that both kept switch reluctance generator; Again high-performance rare-earth permanent magnet material is used among the generator; The air gap flux density of generator is produced by armature supply and permanent magnet jointly, make it have that electromagnetic torque is big, copper consumption is few, reduce copper loss, stock utilization is high, the unit efficiency advantages of higher;
4, the kind of drive of the directly driven wind-powered unit in the utility model adopts single shaft to hold supporting way, makes hollow spindle shorter, has greatly simplified drive mechanism, has significantly reduced complete machine length and weight simultaneously;
5, the directly driven wind-powered unit of the utility model adopts single shaft to hold supporting construction when reducing complete machine length, has reduced the distance at wind wheel center to tower tube center, thereby has reduced the tilting moment of driftage bearing and the power of driftage driving;
6, the two air gap composite excitations in the utility model are directly driven switch reluctance generator rotor open end and have been adopted the alignment bearing structure, can guarantee the concentric of whenever stator and rotor.
As stated; The air gap flux density of the utility model motor is produced by inside and outside stator armature electric current and the permanent magnet that is installed on the inside and outside stator magnetic slot-seal jointly; Owing to adopted two air gap composite excitation switch reluctance generators simple and reliable for structure; MW class and above weight and the cost that directly drives the switching magnetic-resistance wind turbine generator have significantly been reduced; The efficient of machine set system and the effective rate of utilization of material have been improved; Improved the competitive advantage of switching magnetic-resistance wind turbine generator greatly, can extensively replace direct-driving permanent magnetic wind generator system, direct-driving type electricity excitation wind generator system, direct-driving type switching magnetic-resistance wind generator system, had extensive market prospects in the wind-powered electricity generation industry.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned only is the general introduction of the utility model technical scheme, in order more to know the technological means of understanding the utility model, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is done further to specify.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the two air gap composite excitations of the utility model are directly driven the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator.
Fig. 2 is the rotor schematic cross-section that directly drives the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the local enlarged diagram at A place among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the local enlarged diagram at B place among Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the local enlarged diagram at C place among Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the composition structural representation that the two air gap composite excitations of the utility model are directly driven switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator group system.
Embodiment
See also shown in Figure 1; Some short and small center lines are represented the screw bolt and nut of all size among the figure; The two air gap composite excitations of the utility model are directly driven the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator and are adopted the single rotor double-stator structure, mainly comprise main shaft 1, shell 2, rotor 3, external stator 4 and internal stator 5.
Wherein, please cooperate and consult shown in Figure 2ly, rotor 3 adopts biconvex electrode structure as shown in the figure, be installed between external stator 4 and the internal stator 5, and with main shaft 1 interlock.
Specifically; External stator 4 is installed on the inwall of shell 2; Please cooperate consult shown in Figure 3; External stator 4 mainly comprises external stator core 41, external stator winding 42 and outer permanent magnet 43, and the external stator layer slot insulator 44 between external stator core 41 and external stator winding 42, be positioned at external stator winding 42 external stator intercoil insulation layer 45, be positioned at external stator winding 42 and outside the external stator magnetic slot-seal 46 of 43 of permanent magnets.
Internal stator 5 is installed in the inside of shell 2 through support 7 and generator rear flange 22; Please cooperate consult shown in Figure 4; Internal stator 5 mainly comprises inner-stator iron core 51, internal stator winding 52 and interior permanent magnet 53, and at the internal stator layer slot insulator 54 between inner-stator iron core 51 and the internal stator winding 52, be positioned at insulating barrier 55 between the inner stator coil of internal stator winding 52, be positioned at the internal stator magnetic slot-seal 56 of 53 of internal stator winding 52 and permanent magnets.
The utility model is different with conventional switch reluctance generator structure; Adopt two gap structures; External stator 4 forms first working gas gap with rotor 3; Rotor 3 forms second working gas gap with internal stator 5, external stator winding 42 and the internal stator winding 52 corresponding differential concatenations of winding in the same way, and first working gas gap is connected with the second working gas gap magnetic circuit.In addition; The utility model is separately installed with the permanent magnet with the same quantity of inside and outside number of stator slots in inside and outside stator slot; Compare with the conventional switch reluctance motor, the utility model has been equivalent in inside and outside stator excitation parallel connection permanent magnet magnetic source, adopt the composite excitation structure after; In the excited work stage of generator; The required magnetic flux of generator is made time spent output magnetic flux sum separately by magnetic flux and inside and outside permanent magnet that inside and outside stator winding exciting current produces, and under the situation of identical power output, electric efficiency improves greatly.
Preferable, the front end of rotor 3 is installed in shell 2 inside through rotor turntable 31, hollow minor axis 32, bearing 33 and centering machine 6, and links with main shaft 1.
The front end of rotor 3 is provided with end clamp plate 35 before the rotor, and through rotor tension stay bolt with rotor 3, rotor before end clamp plate tight 35 solid in the seam groove of rotor turntable 31.Bearing 33 preferred double-row roller bearings, its inner ring sleeve is contained on the hollow minor axis 32, and it is compressed through the rotor turntable fastening bolt by rotor turntable 31, the front end of hollow minor axis 32 through the seam flange by linking to each other with main shaft 1.The outer shroud of bearing 33 is installed in the bearing pedestal of generator forward flange 21, and fastening by holding down bolt.
Please cooperate consult shown in Figure 5; Centering machine 6 comprises alignment bearing 61 and fixedly bearing (ball) cover 62, front shaft sleeve 63 and the rear axle housing 64 of alignment bearing 61 positions; Bearing (ball) cover 62 is fixedly connected through end clamp plate 36 behind rotor rear end strutting piece 34 and rotor 3 and the rotor thereof; Front shaft sleeve 63 all is fixedly connected with generator rear flange 22 with rear axle housing 64; And at bearing (ball) cover 61 and forward and backward axle sleeve 63, bearing sealed ring 65, bearing sealing plate 66 and bearing sealed ring dividing plate 67 are set between 64, thereby sealing alignment bearing 61 and is realized the installation that is rotatably connected relatively of rotor 3, centering machine 6 and shell 2.
Specifically; Alignment bearing 61 is placed between the interior ring of outer shroud and rotor rear end strutting piece 34 of generator rear flange 22 external parts; Front shaft sleeve 63, rear axle housing 64 are positioned on the outer shroud of generator rear flange 22 external parts, and with alignment bearing 61 be installed in forward and backward axle sleeve 63, between 64.Bearing (ball) cover 62 is positioned over alignment bearing 61 outsides, and is fixed together through fastening bolt and rotor rear end strutting piece 34.The external part of generator rear flange 22 is fixed together through fastening bolt and internal stator support 7.
The cylindrical of generator forward flange 21 is fastened on the front end of generator casing 2 through the seam flange by generator forward flange fastening bolt, and generator casing 2 rear ends tighten together through seam flange and generator rear flange 22, frame 8.Because generator rear flange 22 connects centering machine 6 and internal stator support 7 simultaneously, even after can guaranteeing that rotor 3 produces some distortion, still can be concentric with external stator 4, internal stator 5.
Please cooperate consult shown in Figure 6; The wind-driven generator group system of the utility model comprises that the two air gap composite excitations of wheel hub, power inverter, dc-battery, inverter and load, control system, accessory power supply and the utility model directly drive the switching magnetic-resistance wind-driven generator.
Wherein, the biconvex utmost point rotor of wind-driven generator drags rotation through main shaft by wheel hub, is wind energy/mechanical energy conversion device.Simultaneously, wind-driven generator is connected with power inverter, is parallel with dc-battery between power inverter and inverter and the load, and dc-battery, power inverter and accessory power supply are connected with control system respectively.The control command that the power inverter receiving control system sends; The direct current that wind-driven generator is sent is exported to energy storage device---the dc-battery of system; Inverter becomes alternating current and directly supplies with AC load with the dc inverter that wind-driven generator is sent in load, and accessory power supply 25 provides for control system 24 ± 15V, ± multiple power supplies such as 5V.
Preferable; The control system of the utility model comprises drive circuit, over-voltage over-current protection circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, rotor position detection circuit, single-chip microcomputer or DSP minimum system circuit etc.; The effect of control system; Be feedback information and the outside instructions of importing such as motor rotor position, speed and electric current that integrated treatment rotor position detector, electric current and voltage detector provide; Realization is controlled each phase winding of inside and outside stator and is taken turns to operate the control of two air gap composite excitation switch reluctance generator running statuses, realizes the conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy.
What should explain at last is: the above is merely the preferred embodiment of the utility model; Be not limited to the utility model; Although the utility model has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to previous embodiment; For a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.All within the spirit and principle of the utility model, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the protection range of the utility model.