CN102193074A - Magnetic-field measurement device and manufacturing method thereof as well as magnetic-field measurement method - Google Patents
Magnetic-field measurement device and manufacturing method thereof as well as magnetic-field measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102193074A CN102193074A CN2011100626454A CN201110062645A CN102193074A CN 102193074 A CN102193074 A CN 102193074A CN 2011100626454 A CN2011100626454 A CN 2011100626454A CN 201110062645 A CN201110062645 A CN 201110062645A CN 102193074 A CN102193074 A CN 102193074A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a magnetic-field measurement device and a manufacturing method thereof as well as a magnetic-field measurement method. The magnetic-field measurement device comprises a combined optical fiber, monocrystal diamond particles, a microwave transmission line, a microwave generator, a laser device and a spectrometer, wherein the combined optical fiber is prepared by connecting two optical fibers; the monocrystal diamond particles are packaged between the end faces of the two optical fibers and provided with single NV colour centers; the microwave transmission line is arranged at the external wall of the combined optical fiber; the microwave generator is connected with the microwave transmission line; the laser device is connected with one end of the combined optical fiber; and the spectrometer is connected with the other end of the combined optical fiber; and exciting lights are input from one end of the combined optical fiber, and fluorescent lights of single NV colour centers are received from the other end of the combined optical fiber. In the invention, through carrying out measurement on magnetic fields by using the single NV colour centers packaged in the optical fiber, the application of a confocal microscope system is avoided, the cost for finding the single NV colour centers is reduced, and the time and manpower are saved; and meanwhile, the magnetic-field measurement can be conveniently performed by using the single NV colour centers in any magnetic-field environment without being limited by the confocal microscope system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic-field measurement technology, relate in particular to a kind of magnetic field measuring device and preparation method thereof, a kind of magnetic-field measurement method.
Background technology
In diamond crystal, there is a kind of impurity defect by N atom replacement C atom, when this impurity defect is adjacent with a C atom vacancy, just constituted a NV colour center.Single NV colour center has special electronic structure and optical transition character, in fields such as magnetic-field measurement and magnetic imagings potential important application is arranged.
The NV colour center can send fluorescence when being subjected to the optical excitation of suitable wavelength, and the wavelength of fluorescence of NV colour center wherein has the glow peak of a zero-phonon line at 600～800nm in the 637nm position.The fluorescence intensity of NV colour center can be subjected to adding the influence in microwave and magnetic field, utilizes the method for photodetection magnetic resonance spectrum can record magnetic field intensity, and the process that adopts this method to measure magnetic field intensity is specially:
When adding a microwave for the NV colour center, this microwave can influence the electron spin state of NV colour center, because special electronic structure and the optical transition character of NV colour center, its electron spin state changes, the fluorescence intensity of NV colour center also can change thereupon, therefore, change microwave frequency, can obtain the variation relation of the fluorescence intensity and the microwave frequency of NV colour center, different NV colour centers, but its fluorescence intensity is identical with the variation relation of microwave frequency basically, therefore the difference of the microwave frequency that fluorescence intensity is hour the most corresponding is very little, substantially all about 2.87GHz,, different NV colour centers, the microwave frequency when the fluorescence intensity peak value occurring is much the same.
Described fluorescence intensity is meant that NV colour center fluorescence is when a certain wave band, summation at default section integral time (being generally a few tens of milliseconds) inner glow intensity, summation such as the luminous intensity of wavelength in the 600nm-800nm scope, the microwave frequency and the 2.87GHz that add when the NV colour center differ more for a long time, fluorescence intensity is bigger, when microwave frequency about 2.87GHz is, it is minimum that fluorescence intensity reaches, fluorescence intensity peak value described here just is meant the variation with microwave frequency, the minimum value of fluorescence intensity, it is about 2.87GHz that this fluorescence intensity peak value appears at microwave frequency.
The number of fluorescence intensity peak value is relevant with the quantity of NV colour center, for single NV colour center, only adding microwave, and when not having externally-applied magnetic field, has only 1 fluorescence intensity peak value, behind the externally-applied magnetic field, because Zeeman effect and electron spin, the energy level of single NV colour center can divide, thereby 2 fluorescence intensity peak values appear, and the difference of two pairing two microwave frequencies of fluorescence intensity peak value (it is poor to be called for short microwave frequency) has certain linear with magnetic field intensity, by measuring the magnetic field intensity that two microwave frequency differences between the fluorescence intensity peak value just can obtain externally-applied magnetic field, this process as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 is not when having externally-applied magnetic field, the graph of a relation of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency, when Fig. 2 is the magnetic field of 100Gauss for externally-applied magnetic field intensity, the graph of a relation of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency, horizontal ordinate is represented microwave frequency among the figure, unit is GHz, and ordinate is represented the number percent that fluorescence intensity changes.
Accordingly, for a plurality of NV colour centers, only adding microwave, and when not having externally-applied magnetic field, 2 or a plurality of fluorescence intensity peak value are just being arranged, behind the externally-applied magnetic field, the fluorescence intensity peak value will be more, thereby are not easy to adding the calculating of magnetic field intensity.Therefore, when measuring externally-applied magnetic field intensity, generally adopt single NV colour center.
Utilize single NV colour center to carry out magnetic-field measurement and magnetic imaging is the new method that grew up in recent years, the prerequisite of utilizing this method is to need finding single NV colour center earlier, measure should list NV colour center putting into magnetic field afterwards, searching at present also confirms that the method that the single NV colour center in the adamas adopts is the burnt microtechnic of copolymerization, promptly utilize confocal microscope system can seek and locate single NV colour center, but this method has following some deficiency:
1) confocal microscope system needs best micro imaging system and nano level scanning system, therefore must cause with high costs;
2) seek and locate single NV colour center and also require a great deal of time and manpower, therefore use single NV colour center to measure in the process in magnetic field, also will inevitably expend a large amount of time and manpower in the searching and location of single NV colour center;
3) owing to the Focus Club of confocal microscope system drifts about because of multiple extraneous factors such as temperature, interference, thereby cause the location instability of single NV colour center, thereby influence the accuracy of magnetic-field measurement;
4) adopt the burnt microtechnic of copolymerization can only study a NV colour center simultaneously, a cover confocal microscope system can only corresponding one or one group of colour center, in case just be difficult to find original colour center after changing colour center again;
5) the single NV colour center that adopts the burnt microtechnic of copolymerization to find can not break away from the confocal microscope system use, and confocal microscope system is not easy to be transplanted to and goes in the outer field systems such as low temperature, magnetic field and electric field, and this just must limit the development of measuring magnetic field technique with single NV colour center.
Therefore,, just must overcome on the basis of above-mentioned difficulties, develop brand-new magnetic field measuring device and the method for a cover if will utilize single NV colour center to measure magnetic field.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of magnetic field measuring device and preparation method thereof, a kind of magnetic-field measurement method, the problems of the prior art have been solved, reduced the cost that utilizes single NV colour center to measure magnetic field, time and manpower have been saved, simultaneously, can in arbitrary magnetic field environment, utilize single NV colour center to measure magnetic field easily, and not be subjected to the restriction of confocal microscope system.
For addressing the above problem, the embodiment of the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of magnetic field measuring device comprises:
A combination of fiber-optic that is formed by connecting by two optical fiber;
Be encapsulated in the single-crystalline diamond between described two fiber end faces with single NV colour center;
Be arranged on the microwave transmission line of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall;
The microwave generator that links to each other with described microwave transmission line;
The laser instrument that links to each other with an end of described combination of fiber-optic;
The spectrometer that links to each other with the other end of described combination of fiber-optic;
Wherein, at the end input exciting light of described combination of fiber-optic, receive the fluorescence of single NV colour center at the other end of described combination of fiber-optic.
Preferably, described microwave transmission line is specially: be wrapped in the metal tube of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall, or be wrapped in the metal wire of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall.
Preferably, the diameter range of the pipe thickness scope of described metal tube or described metal wire is 10 μ m-90 μ m.
Preferably, also comprise: be arranged at the optical filter in the described combination of fiber-optic.
Preferably, also comprise: the pull-up resistor that links to each other with described microwave transmission line.
Preferably, also comprise: two coupling mechanisms, wherein, a coupling mechanism is between described laser instrument and described combination of fiber-optic one end, and another coupling mechanism is between the described spectrometer and the described combination of fiber-optic other end.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of method for making of magnetic field measuring device, comprising:
A) fix two optical fiber, the end face of described two optical fiber is relative, and is located along the same line, and wherein, an optical fiber connects laser instrument, the transmission exciting light, and another root optical fiber connects spectrometer;
B) suspension that will contain single-crystalline diamond drops between the end face of described two optical fiber, treats to observe the typical fluorescence that whether occurs the NV colour center on the described spectrometer after the solvent evaporation, if having, enters step c), otherwise, enter step g);
C) optical fiber that will connect spectrometer is connected to time amplitude converter, by test anticorrelation function, judges whether the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is single NV colour center, if, enter step d), otherwise, step g) entered;
D) end face of described two optical fiber of connection, the diamond particles that will have single NV colour center is encapsulated between the end face of described two optical fiber, obtains combination of fiber-optic;
E) outside described combination of fiber-optic, microwave transmission line is set;
F) end with described combination of fiber-optic links to each other with laser instrument, and the other end links to each other with spectrometer, and described microwave transmission line is linked to each other with microwave generator, finishes the making of this magnetic field measuring device;
G) wash single-crystalline diamond between described two fiber end faces, repeating step b).
Preferably, judge that whether NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is that the process of single NV colour center is specially:
Judge the relation of g (τ) and Δ τ according to following relational expression:
Wherein, I (0) and I (τ) are respectively to be 0 and the fluorescence intensity during τ the time, and I is overall average fluorescent strength, and g (τ) is the anticorrelation function, and Δ τ=τ-0 is to measure the time interval of fluorescence intensity twice;
When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) judges then that greater than 0.5 the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the polychrome heart; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ)=0.5 judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is two colour center systems; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) levels off to 0, judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the monochromatic heart.
A kind of magnetic-field measurement method adopts above-described magnetic field measuring device, and this method comprises:
At the end input exciting light of described combination of fiber-optic, the other end connects spectrometer, and imports the microwave of certain frequency in described microwave transmission line;
Utilize a standard Magnetic Field that the single NV colour center in the described combination of fiber-optic is calibrated, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that obtains per unit intensity is poor;
The combination of fiber-optic of finishing single NV colour center calibration is placed magnetic field to be measured, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, and measure the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges, obtain pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
Calculate the difference of described two microwave frequencies;
Microwave frequency according to the magnetic field correspondence of described difference and per unit intensity is poor, calculates the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field.
Preferably, the process of described calibration is specially:
Described combination of fiber-optic is placed standard Magnetic Field, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, obtain two the fluorescence intensity peak values of single NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges in the described combination of fiber-optic, and measure pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
Calculate the difference of described two microwave frequencies;
According to the magnetic field intensity of described standard Magnetic Field and the difference of described two microwave frequencies, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that calculates per unit intensity is poor.Compared with prior art, technique scheme has the following advantages:
Magnetic field measuring device that the embodiment of the invention provided and preparation method thereof, the magnetic-field measurement method, the single NV colour center that is encapsulated in the optical fiber by utilization carries out the measurement in magnetic field, and the searching of single NV colour center and encapsulation process do not need to adopt confocal microscope system yet, and, this device in use, exciting and collect all and in optical fiber, finish single NV colour center, thereby reduced the cost of seeking single NV colour center, promptly reduced the cost that utilizes single NV colour center to measure magnetic field, save time and manpower, also avoided the various deficiencies of confocal microscope system.
Simultaneously, because single NV colour center has been encapsulated in the optical fiber, make that the location of single NV colour center is more accurate and stable, and, the single NV colour center that is encapsulated in the optical fiber can place various environment to carry out the measurement in magnetic field very easily, and be not subjected to the restriction of confocal microscope system, thereby expanded the developing direction of utilizing single NV colour center to measure magnetic field technique.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 when not having externally-applied magnetic field, the graph of a relation of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency;
When Fig. 2 is the magnetic field of 100Gauss for externally-applied magnetic field intensity, the graph of a relation of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency;
The structural representation of the magnetic field measuring device that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The structural representation of the magnetic field measuring device that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The process flow diagram of the magnetic field measuring device method for making that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The synoptic diagram of two optical fiber modes of emplacements that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the typical fluorescence pattern of NV colour center;
The process flow diagram of the magnetic-field measurement method that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The process flow diagram of calibration process in the magnetic-field measurement method that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
A lot of details have been set forth in the following description so that fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also adopt other to be different from alternate manner described here and implement, those skilled in the art can do similar popularization under the situation of intension of the present invention, so the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of following public specific embodiment.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with synoptic diagram, when the embodiment of the invention is described in detail in detail; for ease of explanation; the sectional view of expression device architecture can be disobeyed general ratio and be done local the amplification, and described synoptic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.The three dimensions size that in actual fabrication, should comprise in addition, length, width and the degree of depth.
Just as stated in the Background Art, utilize single NV colour center to carry out magnetic-field measurement in the prior art in the face of a lot of difficulties, having these difficult basic reasons is exactly must adopt confocal microscope system in the searching of single NV colour center and position fixing process, but because each characteristics of this system itself, cause utilizing single NV colour center to carry out in the magnetic-field measurement process inconvenience being arranged more, make the development of this magnetic-field measurement method be severely limited.
Optical fiber is used very extensive aspect optical communication and light conduction, and optical fiber also can be used for carrying out the collection and the transmission of NV colour center fluorescence, so, the inventor considers, if single NV colour center can be fixed in the optical fiber, just can utilize single NV colour center to carry out magnetic-field measurement easily, owing to can not use confocal microscope system in this process, thus avoided the various deficiencies of confocal microscope system.
Based on above-mentioned thought, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of magnetic field measuring device and manufacture method thereof, magnetic-field measurement method, specifically referring to following each embodiment.
Embodiment one
The structural representation of the disclosed magnetic field measuring device of present embodiment as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, this device comprises:
A combination of fiber-optic 12 that is formed by connecting by two optical fiber;
Be encapsulated in the single-crystalline diamond with single NV colour center 13 between described two fiber end faces, this single-crystalline diamond 13 is also just among combination of fiber-optic 12, preferred nanoscale or the micron-sized single-crystalline diamond of adopting in the present embodiment, promptly diameter is that several nanometers are to the single-crystalline diamond between the hundreds of nanometer;
Be arranged on the microwave transmission line of described combination of fiber-optic 12 outer walls;
Need to prove, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, described microwave transmission line is mainly used to Transmission Microwave, microwave is loaded on the single NV colour center in the described combination of fiber-optic 12, this microwave transmission line can be for being wrapped in the metal tube 19 (as shown in Figure 4) of described combination of fiber-optic 12 outer walls, can also be for being wrapped in the metal wire 14 (as shown in Figure 3) of described combination of fiber-optic 12 outer walls, the pipe thickness of metal tube 19 is preferably tens microns, be that its thickness range is 10 μ m-90 μ m, the diameter range of metal wire 14 also is preferably 10 μ m-90 μ m, be preferably metal tube about the about 50 μ m of pipe thickness or diameter in the present embodiment and be about metal wire about 50 μ m, but how to depend on that specifically the material of metal tube and metal wire selects.
Wherein, the material of metal tube 19 and metal wire 14 with electric conductivity preferably material be excellent, as silver, copper etc., be that example describes with copper pipe or copper cash in the present embodiment.Microwave transmission line is specifically selected metal tube or metal wire in the present embodiment, and material and thickness thereof or diameter can be comprehensively definite according to actual conditions, but is not used for limiting the protection domain of the embodiment of the invention.
The microwave generator 18 that links to each other with described microwave transmission line;
Being preferably the high-frequency microwave generator in the present embodiment, is the microwave generator of APSIN3000 as model, and the microwave frequency range of its generation is 9KHz-3.3GHz.
With the laser instrument 11 that an end of described combination of fiber-optic 12 links to each other, laser instrument 11 can be imported exciting light in combination of fiber-optic 12, produces fluorescence to excite the single NV colour center in the single-crystalline diamond 13;
Need to prove that the laser instrument 11 in the present embodiment can be connected with combination of fiber-optic 12 by the coupling mechanism (not shown), thereby the exciting light of laser instrument 11 emissions can be directly coupled in the combination of fiber-optic 12 by coupling mechanism.In addition, laser instrument in the present embodiment only is intended for lasing light emitter and produces exciting light, the lasing light emitter that except that laser instrument, also has other, as long as other lasing light emitter can satisfy single-photon source need for equipment in the present embodiment, also can be applied in the present embodiment, therefore, only be that example describes in the present embodiment, and the selection of lasing light emitter can not be used as the restriction to present embodiment with the laser instrument.
With the spectrometer 16 that the other end of described combination of fiber-optic 12 links to each other, can be used to measure the fluorescence intensity of single NV colour center and wavelength of fluorescence etc., also can combination of fiber-optic 12 be linked to each other with spectrometer 16 in the present embodiment, so that the collection of single NV colour center fluorescence by coupling mechanism.
In addition, need to prove, after the single NV colour center of excitation produces fluorescence, from the light that these combination of fiber-optic 12 other ends come out, both comprised single NV colour center fluorescence, also comprise exciting light, and what measure required measurement in the magnetic field intensity process is single NV colour center fluorescence, therefore, in utilizing spectrometer 16 measuring processes, the light of only measuring single NV colour center fluorescence wave band gets final product.
Certainly, the accuracy for the existence influence of avoiding exciting light is measured as far as possible can also be provided with optical filter/filter coating 15 (as shown in Figure 4), with the filtering exciting light in combination of fiber-optic 12.Optical filter/filter coating 15 and laser instrument 11 lay respectively at the both sides of single- crystalline diamond 13, and 15 of optical filter/filter coatings allow the fluorescence of single NV colour center to pass through, thereby can the filtering exciting light, so that the fluorescence that has only single NV colour center that comes out from the other end of combination of fiber-optic 12.
And, if described combination of fiber-optic 12 is SiO
2The glass optical fiber of base, this magnetic field measuring device also comprises, be positioned at described two fiber end face places, be used to seal the optical cement of diamond particles with single NV colour center, and be wrapped in the outer screen layer of this combination of fiber-optic, especially near two optical fiber opposing end faces, this diamond particles 13 with single NV colour center comes off to avoid in use; If described combination of fiber-optic is a polymer optical fiber, this device also comprises, is wrapped in the screen layer outside this combination of fiber-optic 12.
And, for the ease of in the magnetic-field measurement process, guarantee the security of circuit, the pull-up resistor 17 that links to each other with described microwave transmission line can also be set, the selection of the resistance value size of this pull-up resistor 17, can decide according to the actual needs of circuit, in the present embodiment only the pull-up resistor with 50 Ω be that example describes.
The disclosed magnetic field measuring device of present embodiment, the single NV colour center that is encapsulated in the optical fiber by utilization carries out the measurement in magnetic field, exciting and collect all and in optical fiber, finish single NV colour center, thereby reduced the cost of seeking single NV colour center, promptly reduced the cost that utilizes single NV colour center to measure magnetic field, save time and manpower, also avoided the various deficiencies of confocal microscope system.
Simultaneously, because single NV colour center has been encapsulated in the optical fiber, make that the location of single NV colour center is more accurate and stable, and, the single NV colour center that is encapsulated in the optical fiber can place various environment to carry out the measurement in magnetic field very easily, and be not subjected to the restriction of confocal microscope system, thereby expanded the developing direction of utilizing single NV colour center to measure magnetic field technique.
Embodiment two
Corresponding with a last embodiment, present embodiment discloses the method for making of the described magnetic field measuring device of a last embodiment, and the process flow diagram of this method may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 5:
Step S11: fix two optical fiber, the end face of described two optical fiber is relative, and is located along the same line, and wherein, an optical fiber connects laser instrument, the transmission exciting light, and another root optical fiber connects spectrometer;
Concrete, can adopt fibre-optical fixator to fix two optical fiber in the embodiment of the invention, two optical fiber opposing end faces parts especially are to guarantee the stable of optical fiber in the encapsulation process.
As shown in Figure 6, it is the synoptic diagram of the modes of emplacement of two optical fiber, only connect laser instrument in the present embodiment with a end face of 1# optical fiber, it is that example describes that the d end face of 2# optical fiber connects spectrometer, therefore need can keeping parallelism for the c end face of the b end face of 1# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber, preferably two end faces are relative, and be located along the same line, and, need to keep certain distance between the end face of two optical fiber, so that the diamond particles of the follow-up placement of clamping, the distance between two fiber end faces should be a bit larger tham the diameter of diamond particles, but can not be excessive, be as the criterion with the suspension that contains single-crystalline diamond that can adsorb follow-up dropping.In addition, in order to guarantee better clamping diamond particles, the b end face of 1# optical fiber and the c end face of 2# optical fiber can cut these two end faces before fixing, so that these two end faces can keeping parallelism.
Need to prove, the length of 1# optical fiber shown in Fig. 6 and 2# optical fiber can be selected according to actual needs, satisfy above-mentioned requirements as long as can guarantee after two optical fiber are fixing near the c end face of the b end face of 1# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber, and be not to be that all parts of two optical fiber all will be on same straight line, that is to say that other zone except that the c end face near zone of the b end face of 1# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber can be bent into any form.
Two optical fiber in the present embodiment can be selected single-mode fiber for use, also can select multimode optical fiber for use, specifically comprise SiO
2The glass optical fiber and the polymer optical fiber of base, in addition, the diameter of two optical fiber can be identical, also can be different, the preferential two identical single-mode fibers of diameter that adopt in the present embodiment, fibre diameter is preferably 10 μ m, and the length of optical fiber is preferably 2m.
Step S12: the suspension that will contain single-crystalline diamond drops between the end face of described two optical fiber;
Need to prove, encapsulation for the ease of single NV colour center, preferably be no more than a NV colour center in the single diamond particles that adopts in the present embodiment, therefore, the preferential single-crystalline diamond that adopts can be nanoscale or micron-sized single-crystalline diamond in the present embodiment, and the single-crystalline diamond of synthetic and the single-crystalline diamond of natural production all can, the diameter that is described single-crystalline diamond is that example describes with nano level single-crystalline diamond as long as all can use in several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers only in the present embodiment.
In conjunction with previous step suddenly as can be known to the size of single-crystalline diamond in the requirement of distance between two fiber end faces and the present embodiment, as long as the distance between two fiber end faces is a bit larger tham the diameter of nanoscale or micron-sized single-crystalline diamond, because what select for use in the present embodiment is nano level single-crystalline diamond, therefore, the distance between two fiber end faces needs less than 1 μ m.
The preparation method of described suspension is specially, and earlier the nanoscale single-crystalline diamond is distributed in the deionized water, carries out ultrasonic cleaning afterwards in the ultrasonic cleaning machine, thereby the nanoscale single-crystalline diamond is fully disperseed to form suspension.The concentration of the suspension that forms in the present embodiment is preferably 100mg/L, and the power of ultrasonic cleaning machine is preferably 100W, and the time of carrying out ultrasonic cleaning is preferably 30 minutes.Certainly, the concentration of above-mentioned suspension etc. is not used for limiting the protection domain of the embodiment of the invention, as long as in the encapsulation process of single NV colour center, the single-crystalline diamond of being convenient to contain the NV colour center is clamped between two fiber end faces and gets final product.
After in this step described suspension being dropped between the end face of described two optical fiber; because capillary action; single-crystalline diamond can penetrate between two fiber end faces along with suspension; can promote wherein one or two optical fiber afterwards a little, thereby can be clamped in single-crystalline diamond between two fiber end faces.
Need to prove in addition in the process that promotes optical fiber, can judge in the suspension between two fiber end faces that splash into whether have single-crystalline diamond, if have, then enter next step, if do not have, after then solvent evaporation need being treated, between two fiber end faces, splash into suspension again.Certainly, judge that the process that whether has single-crystalline diamond in the suspension between two fiber end faces that splash into also can be after solvent evaporation, observe definitely by naked eyes, magnifier, microscope etc., concrete mode can be decided according to actual conditions, does not do concrete qualification here.
Step S13: treat to observe the typical fluorescence that whether occurs the NV colour center on the described spectrometer after the solvent evaporation,, enter step S14 if having, otherwise, enter step S19;
After single-crystalline diamond being fixed between the end face of two optical fiber, on a of 1# optical fiber end face, import exciting light, by with spectrometer that 2# optical fiber links to each other on observe in certain wavelength coverage, the typical fluorescence that the NV colour center whether occurs, can judge whether the single-crystalline diamond between the end face that is clamped in two optical fiber comprises the NV colour center, if do not observe the typical fluorescence of NV colour center on the spectrometer, then illustrate in the single-crystalline diamond between the end face that is clamped in two optical fiber and do not have the NV colour center, then wash this single-crystalline diamond, to avoid influencing the accuracy of follow-up deterministic process, the suspension that continuation afterwards will contain single-crystalline diamond drops between the end face of two optical fiber, repeat this step, if have, need determine then whether this single-crystalline diamond only comprises a NV colour center.
As shown in Figure 7, be the luminous collection of illustrative plates of NV colour center, horizontal ordinate is represented wavelength, unit is nm, and ordinate is represented relative luminous intensity, as can be seen from the figure, each NV colour center has only a crest location, and the NV colour center that different crest locations is corresponding different has marked NV among the figure
-And NV
0Two kinds of different NV colour center types, in the present embodiment only with NV
-Colour center is that example describes.NV colour center typical case fluorescence described in the present embodiment is specially the colour center fluorescence of wavelength in the 600nm-800nm scope, and being preferably wavelength is the colour center fluorescence of the zero-phonon line about 637nm.
Therefore, for whether single-crystalline diamond fixing between the end face of determining two optical fiber comprises the NV colour center, need observing in the 600nm-800nm wavelength coverage on the spectrometer, whether signal as shown in Figure 5 particularly appears near the 637nm, if have, illustrate that then the single-crystalline diamond of fixing between the end face of two optical fiber comprises the NV colour center, if there is not signal on the spectrometer, then need repeat described suspension is dropped between the end face of two optical fiber, with the fixing step of single-crystalline diamond.
In addition, need to prove, described exciting light is meant the wavelength of wavelength less than NV colour center fluorescence, and can excite the NV colour center to produce the laser of fluorescence, since in the present embodiment with the NV colour center as research object, and the crest place wavelength of NV colour center is 637nm, so the excitation wavelength in the present embodiment needs less than 637nm, be preferably 532nm, the power of exciting light is preferably 100 μ w.
According to above description as can be known, in 2 optical fiber shown in Fig. 4, it is light about 532nm that 1# optical fiber need allow by wavelength, so that the transmission exciting light, it is light in the 600nm-800nm scope that 2# optical fiber need allow by wavelength, so that the fluorescence of transmission NV colour center.Based on this, 2 optical fiber that the embodiment of the invention is selected for use must satisfy above requirement can be adopted, and is preferably the single-mode fiber that 2 diameters are 10 μ m in the present embodiment, and certainly, other optical fiber that satisfies condition also can adopt, and present embodiment is not done concrete restriction.
Step S14: the optical fiber that will connect spectrometer is connected to time amplitude converter, test anticorrelation function;
After single-crystalline diamond in previous step is rapid between the c end face of the b end face of definite stuck-at-# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber has the NV colour center, need in this step to judge whether the NV colour center in this single-crystalline diamond is single NV colour center, in conjunction with Fig. 3, concrete, 2# optical fiber need be connected to time amplitude converter (time-to-amplitude converter, be called for short TAC), by test anticorrelation function g (τ), judge that Δ τ leveled off at 0 o'clock, the numerical value of g (τ) is determined the NV colour center quantity of the single-crystalline diamond between the c end face of the b end face of 1# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber according to judged result.
Wherein, judge the relation of described g (τ) and Δ τ according to following relational expression:
Wherein, I (0) and I (τ) are respectively to be 0 and the fluorescence intensity during τ the time, and I is overall average fluorescent strength, and g (τ) is the anticorrelation function, and Δ τ=τ-0 is to measure the time interval of fluorescence intensity twice;
When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) judges then that greater than 0.5 the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the polychrome heart; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ)=0.5 judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is two colour center systems; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) levels off to 0, judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the monochromatic heart.
In addition, need to prove, the concrete grammar that 2# optical fiber is connected to time amplitude converter TAC has multiple, adopt the light coupling mechanism of one-to-two that 2# optical fiber is connected on the time amplitude converter in the present embodiment, because time amplitude converter itself needs the two-way input, the light that the effect of the fiber coupler of one-to-two will be imported is exactly divided equally and is two-way, but fluorescence input for single NV colour center, same time point should only can send a photon by list NV colour center, and the output that this photon can be at random is in a certain road.That is to say, a photon that sends sometime can be at random output in a certain road, still can export at random at the photon that next time point sends, both might be also in the output of same road, also may be in the output of another road, described anticorrelation function is exactly to survey this two enough hour of time intervals one tunnel situation that output arranged whether to occur having only.
Step S15: by test anticorrelation function, judge whether the NV colour center between the end face of described two optical fiber is single NV colour center, if, then enter step S16, otherwise, step S19 entered;
Judge that by the relation of judging Δ τ and g (τ) mode of NV colour center type is a kind of method of measuring single photon, as mentioned above, time amplitude converter measures, when Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) also levels off to 0, illustrate that then the single-crystalline diamond between the c end face of the b end face of stuck-at-# optical fiber and 2# optical fiber has single NV colour center, promptly finished the encapsulation of single NV colour center, otherwise, illustrate that this single-crystalline diamond has a plurality of NV colour centers, after need washing this single-crystalline diamond, encapsulate again.
Step S16: connect the end face of described two optical fiber, the diamond particles that will have single NV colour center is encapsulated between the end face of described two optical fiber, obtains combination of fiber-optic;
After determining that being encapsulated in two single-crystalline diamonds between the fiber end face has single NV colour center, can adopt the method for optical cement or heating and fusing to connect the end face of described two optical fiber, specifically select for use which kind of mode to depend on the kind of optical fiber.
Concrete, if two optical fiber that adopted are SiO
2The glass optical fiber of base, then can adopt optical cement to connect the end face of root optical fiber, seal with the diamond particles that this is had single NV colour center, and wrap screen layer in outside of fiber, so that this list NV colour center is protected, avoiding in use, this diamond particles with single NV colour center comes off; If two optical fiber that adopted are polymer optical fiber; then can adopt the method for heating and fusing to connect the even end face of root optical fiber; after two fiber end face fusions; this diamond particles with single NV colour center is wrapped up; wrap screen layer in this outside of fiber afterwards, so that this list NV colour center is protected.
In addition, after encapsulation finishes, can also measure the anticorrelation function, be encapsulated in the optical fiber to guarantee diamond particles with single NV colour center with the time amplitude converter.
Step S17: outside described combination of fiber-optic, microwave transmission line is set;
As above an embodiment is described, described microwave transmission line can be for being wrapped in the metal tube of combination of fiber-optic outer wall, also can be for being wrapped in the metal wire of combination of fiber-optic outer wall, the embodiment of the invention is that copper pipe about 50 μ m or diameter are the copper cash about 50 μ m being preferably pipe thickness.
In addition, if need in combination of fiber-optic, to be provided with optical filter/filter coating, combination of fiber-optic can be cut off earlier in the present embodiment, place optical filter or plating filter coating at section part, can adopt methods such as optical cement or heating and fusing that this combination of fiber-optic is coupled together afterwards, so just optical filter/filter coating can be arranged in the combination of fiber-optic, set optical filter/filter coating after, also can wrap screen layer in the outside of fiber at optical filter/filter coating place.Certainly, other method that optical filter/filter coating is set is also passable, as long as can reach the effect of the embodiment of the invention.
Step S18: an end of described combination of fiber-optic is linked to each other with laser instrument, and the other end links to each other with spectrometer, and described microwave transmission line is linked to each other with microwave generator, finishes the making of this magnetic field measuring device;
This combination of fiber-optic can directly link to each other with spectrometer with laser instrument, also can link to each other with spectrometer with laser instrument by coupling mechanism, is preferably the latter in the present embodiment.
If shown in be provided with optical filter/filter coating in the combination of fiber-optic, then the end that this combination of fiber-optic is relative with optical filter links to each other with laser instrument, end with optical filter links to each other with spectrometer, connect microwave generator afterwards, the described magnetic field measuring device of a last embodiment can complete, be arranged in the 2# optical fiber among Fig. 6 as optical filter/filter coating, then laser instrument can be connected a end of 1# optical fiber, and spectrometer can be connected the d end of 2# optical fiber.
In addition, in this step, with microwave transmission line with when microwave generator links to each other, in order to guarantee in the use, the security of this device, a pull-up resistor can also be linked to each other with microwave transmission line, concrete resistance sizes etc. can be preferably the pull-up resistor of 50 Ω by concrete Devices Characteristics decision in the present embodiment.
Step S19: wash the single-crystalline diamond between the end face of described two optical fiber, repeating step S12.
This step mainly is for when being fixed on two single-crystalline diamonds between the fiber end face when not having the NV colour center, and this single-crystalline diamond is when having a plurality of NV colour center, get rid of this single-crystalline diamond, so that recycling 1# and 2# optical fiber carry out the encapsulation process of above-mentioned single NV colour center.Concrete, adopt the mode of ultrasonic cleaning to get rid of two single-crystalline diamonds between the fiber end face in the present embodiment, repeat afterwards described suspension is dropped between two fiber end faces, and the fixing step of single-crystalline diamond.
Need to prove that the encapsulation process of the whole single NV colour center in the embodiment of the invention is all finished in clean room, avoid in encapsulation process introducing other impurity, with the quality of the single-photon source device that guarantees to make.
The method for making of the magnetic field measuring device that the embodiment of the invention provided, by single NV colour center is encapsulated in the described combination of fiber-optic, install in use in the whole encapsulation process and to this, exciting and collect all and in optical fiber, finish the NV colour center, do not need to adopt confocal microscope system to seek single NV colour center, thereby reduced the cost of seeking single NV colour center, the various deficiencies of confocal microscope system have also been avoided simultaneously, and, single NV colour center in the embodiment of the invention is fixed in the combination of fiber-optic, make that the location of single NV colour center is more accurate and stable, and, can be very easily will should list NV colour center be placed into the measurement of carrying out magnetic field in other external field environment arbitrarily etc.
Embodiment three
The process flow diagram of the disclosed magnetic-field measurement method of present embodiment as shown in Figure 8, this method adopts embodiment one described magnetic field measuring device that magnetic field intensity is measured, this method may further comprise the steps:
Step S21: at the end input exciting light of described combination of fiber-optic, to excite single NV colour center to produce fluorescence, the other end connects spectrometer so that measure the fluorescence intensity of the single NV colour center in the combination of fiber-optic at any time, and in described microwave transmission line the microwave of input certain frequency;
Step S22: utilize a standard Magnetic Field that the single NV colour center in the described combination of fiber-optic is calibrated, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that obtains per unit intensity is poor;
Step S23: the combination of fiber-optic that will finish single NV colour center calibration places magnetic field to be measured, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, and measure the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges, obtain pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
Described fluorescence intensity is meant that NV colour center fluorescence is when a certain wave band, summation at default section integral time (being generally a few tens of milliseconds) inner glow intensity, when described fluorescence intensity peak value is meant with the variation of microwave frequency, the minimum value of fluorescence intensity, when not adding magnetic field, it is about 2.87GHz that the fluorescence intensity peak value appears at microwave frequency, and at this moment, graph of a relation and Fig. 1 of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency are similar; With single NV colour center place treat measuring magnetic field after, similar among the graph of a relation of single NV colour center fluorescence intensity and microwave frequency and Fig. 2, be the different measuring magnetic fields for the treatment of, the microwave frequency difference when the fluorescence intensity peak value occurring.Described microwave frequency official post refers to that when the fluorescence intensity of single NV colour center changed with microwave frequency, two fluorescence intensity peak values of appearance were distinguished the difference of two corresponding microwave frequencies.
Step S24: the difference that calculates described two microwave frequencies;
Step S25: the microwave frequency according to the magnetic field correspondence of described difference and per unit intensity is poor, calculates the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field.
Wherein, the process of described calibration specifically may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 9:
Step S31: described combination of fiber-optic is placed standard Magnetic Field, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, obtain two the fluorescence intensity peak values of single NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges in the described combination of fiber-optic, and measure pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
The selection of described standard Magnetic Field does not have special requirement, as long as its magnetic field intensity is known, preferred magnetic field intensity is 100Gauss magnetic field in the embodiment of the invention.
Step S32: the difference that calculates described two microwave frequencies;
Step S33: according to the magnetic field intensity of described standard Magnetic Field and the difference of described two microwave frequencies, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that calculates per unit intensity is poor.
Below to adopt NV as shown in Figure 7
-Colour center is an example, and the method for measuring magnetic field in the present embodiment is described.
With above-mentioned magnetic field measuring device connect finish after, through coupling mechanism, end input wavelength at combination of fiber-optic is the exciting light of 532nm, excite this list NV colour center to produce fluorescence, and with spectrometer that the combination of fiber-optic other end links to each other on measure the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center, microwave generator is imported the microwave of certain frequency on microwave transmission line simultaneously, microwave is loaded on this list NV colour center, change the microwave frequency that loads, measure the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center simultaneously, can record microwave frequency be about 2.87GHz in, the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center is minimum, adds a magnetic field intensity B for then this list NV colour center
0The standard Magnetic Field of=100Gauss, change the microwave frequency that is loaded on this list NV colour center again, the fluorescence intensity of while measuring N V colour center, can record two different microwave frequency place fluorescence intensities and obviously weaken, thereby form two fluorescence intensity peak values, fluorescence intensity peak value herein is the minimum value of fluorescence intensity, distinguish corresponding microwave frequency during according to these two fluorescence intensity peak values, calculate this two the pairing microwave frequency difference of fluorescence intensity peak value Δ f=280MHz, afterwards, by Δ f/B
0, get the microwave frequency difference Δ f of f to the magnetic field correspondence of per unit intensity
0=2.8MHz has promptly finished the calibration process to this list NV colour center.
Afterwards, the combination of fiber-optic that comprises this NV colour center of finishing calibration is placed magnetic field to be measured, connect laser instrument, spectrometer and microwave generator etc., adopt and use the same method, promptly change the microwave frequency that is loaded into this list NV colour center, measure the fluorescence intensity of this NV colour center simultaneously, record two the pairing microwave frequency difference of fluorescence intensity peak value Δ f of appearance
1, afterwards, according to formula B
1=Δ f
1/ Δ f
0, calculate the magnetic field intensity B that treats measuring magnetic field
1, unit is Gauss.
The disclosed magnetic-field measurement method of the embodiment of the invention, the single NV colour center that is encapsulated in the optical fiber by utilization carries out the measurement in magnetic field, thereby avoided the use of confocal microscope system, and then reduced the cost that utilizes single NV colour center to measure magnetic field, time and manpower have been saved, simultaneously, can in arbitrary magnetic field environment, utilize single NV colour center to measure magnetic field easily, and not be subjected to the restriction of confocal microscope system.
And, compare with the method for utilizing magnetic probe or giant magnetic resistance to carry out magnetic-field measurement in the prior art, method in the embodiment of the invention is to carrying out the measurement in magnetic field by light and microwave, to magnetic field itself without any influence, and highly sensitive (can reach 2.8MHz/Gauss), be particularly suitable for the magnetic-field measurement of magnetic Nano material.
Various piece adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this instructions, and what each part stressed all is and the difference of other parts that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between the various piece.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined herein General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to embodiment illustrated herein, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.
Claims (10)
1. a magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that, comprising:
A combination of fiber-optic that is formed by connecting by two optical fiber;
Be encapsulated in the single-crystalline diamond between described two fiber end faces with single NV colour center;
Be arranged on the microwave transmission line of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall;
The microwave generator that links to each other with described microwave transmission line;
The laser instrument that links to each other with an end of described combination of fiber-optic;
The spectrometer that links to each other with the other end of described combination of fiber-optic;
Wherein, at the end input exciting light of described combination of fiber-optic, receive the fluorescence of single NV colour center at the other end of described combination of fiber-optic.
2. magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described microwave transmission line is specially: be wrapped in the metal tube of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall, or be wrapped in the metal wire of described combination of fiber-optic outer wall.
3. magnetic field measuring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the pipe thickness scope of described metal tube or the diameter range of described metal wire are 10 μ m-90 μ m.
4. magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: be arranged at the optical filter in the described combination of fiber-optic.
5. magnetic field measuring device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, also comprises: the pull-up resistor that links to each other with described microwave transmission line.
6. magnetic field measuring device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise: two coupling mechanisms, wherein, a coupling mechanism is between described laser instrument and described combination of fiber-optic one end, and another coupling mechanism is between the described spectrometer and the described combination of fiber-optic other end.
7. the method for making of a magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that, comprising:
A) fix two optical fiber, the end face of described two optical fiber is relative, and is located along the same line, and wherein, an optical fiber connects laser instrument, the transmission exciting light, and another root optical fiber connects spectrometer;
B) suspension that will contain single-crystalline diamond drops between the end face of described two optical fiber, treats to observe the typical fluorescence that whether occurs the NV colour center on the described spectrometer after the solvent evaporation, if having, enters step c), otherwise, enter step g);
C) optical fiber that will connect spectrometer is connected to time amplitude converter, by test anticorrelation function, judges whether the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is single NV colour center, if, enter step d), otherwise, step g) entered;
D) end face of described two optical fiber of connection, the diamond particles that will have single NV colour center is encapsulated between the end face of described two optical fiber, obtains combination of fiber-optic;
E) outside described combination of fiber-optic, microwave transmission line is set;
F) end with described combination of fiber-optic links to each other with laser instrument, and the other end links to each other with spectrometer, and described microwave transmission line is linked to each other with microwave generator, finishes the making of this magnetic field measuring device;
G) wash single-crystalline diamond between described two fiber end faces, repeating step b).
8. the method for making of magnetic field measuring device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, judges that whether NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is that the process of single NV colour center is specially:
Judge the relation of g (τ) and Δ τ according to following relational expression:
Wherein, I (0) and I (τ) are respectively to be 0 and the fluorescence intensity during τ the time, and I is overall average fluorescent strength, and g (τ) is the anticorrelation function, and Δ τ=τ-0 is to measure the time interval of fluorescence intensity twice;
When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) judges then that greater than 0.5 the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the polychrome heart; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ)=0.5 judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is two colour center systems; When Δ τ levels off to 0 the time, g (τ) levels off to 0, judges that then the NV colour center between described two fiber end faces is the monochromatic heart.
9. a magnetic-field measurement method is characterized in that, adopts each described magnetic field measuring device of claim 1-7, and this method comprises:
At the end input exciting light of described combination of fiber-optic, the other end connects spectrometer, and imports the microwave of certain frequency in described microwave transmission line;
Utilize a standard Magnetic Field that the single NV colour center in the described combination of fiber-optic is calibrated, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that obtains per unit intensity is poor;
The combination of fiber-optic of finishing single NV colour center calibration is placed magnetic field to be measured, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, and measure the fluorescence intensity of this list NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges, obtain pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
Calculate the difference of described two microwave frequencies;
Microwave frequency according to the magnetic field correspondence of described difference and per unit intensity is poor, calculates the magnetic field intensity for the treatment of measuring magnetic field.
10. magnetic-field measurement method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the process of described calibration is specially:
Described combination of fiber-optic is placed standard Magnetic Field, change the frequency of the microwave of importing in the described microwave transmission line, obtain two the fluorescence intensity peak values of single NV colour center in its fluorescent wavelength ranges in the described combination of fiber-optic, and measure pairing two microwave frequencies when two fluorescence intensity peak values of this list NV colour center;
Calculate the difference of described two microwave frequencies;
According to the magnetic field intensity of described standard Magnetic Field and the difference of described two microwave frequencies, the microwave frequency of magnetic field correspondence that calculates per unit intensity is poor.
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