CN102189145B - 一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺及模具 - Google Patents
一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺及模具 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102189145B CN102189145B CN 201110060107 CN201110060107A CN102189145B CN 102189145 B CN102189145 B CN 102189145B CN 201110060107 CN201110060107 CN 201110060107 CN 201110060107 A CN201110060107 A CN 201110060107A CN 102189145 B CN102189145 B CN 102189145B
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Abstract
本发明主要公开一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺及模具，模具主要包括主动径向外模套、分瓣凹模和垂直凸模。分瓣凹模为两个垂直对称结构，固定在冲程机构上水平移动，内部为零件形状的模腔。主动径向外模套套于分瓣凹模外部，主动径向外模套内模面与分瓣凹模的外模面相合。垂直凸模固定在分瓣凹模上方的垂直凸模冲程机构上。本发明又公开了使用该模具的成型工艺，在挤压步骤中使用多向挤压模具对铝合金枝芽类壳体零件毛坯进行多向挤压，将毛坯放入模具的模膛，在连续动作下将铝合金枝芽类壳体零件一次成型。本发明有效克服现有传统挤压成形和铸造、焊接等制造工艺所存在的自身缺陷带来的问题，同时模具结构简单、成形性好。
Description
一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺及模具
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及金属材料塑性加工工艺及成形技术领域，特别涉及用于铝合金枝芽类壳体零件的成形。
背景技术
[0002] 铝合金由于具有强度高、耐腐蚀、重量轻(比重约为钢的三分之一)、加工性好适宜于压制、焊接、锻造等多种加工的特点，符合工业应用及航空航天应用领域的选材标准。铝合金枝芽类壳体零件因其质量轻，耐高压的特点在武器装备、航空和动力工程、石油和煤气工业等领域大量使用。由于其特殊的形状及关键的作用，对其制造工艺提出了严格的要求。目前铝合金枝芽类壳体零件生产方式主要有机械加工、分体制造后焊接或铸造方式加工，但存在着以下主要问题:
[0003] 单纯的机械加工方法表面精度高，但生产效率低、原材料浪费严重，并且产品的强度及各种性能达不到要求。
[0004] 用铸造的方法可制成形状复杂的壳体，如箱体、机座等，但由于铸造组织粗大，存在汽孔、砂眼、裂纹等缺陷，·严重影响铸件的质量，容易造成产品报废。壳体铸件在实际生产中受熔炼、浇注、砂芯、结构等影响，壳体零件要求强度高，壁厚相差大，凝固过程中易产生应力集中，引起裂纹。传统的铸造加工产品性能低，难以保证应有的机械强度，且成型过程中存在的隐形缺陷导致高的废品率。
[0005] 焊接结构由于受到制造过程中各种因素的影响，往往会产生裂纹、未焊透、未熔合，夹渣和气孔等各种缺陷。这些缺陷将影响结构的疲劳性能，使结构的强度大大降低，为结构的安全运行埋下隐患。这些缺陷也严重降低焊缝的力性能、致密性和焊件的使用性能。铝合金焊接结构在重复外力作用下，往往发生疲劳断裂。疲劳破坏过程一般很难觉察到，因此疲劳断裂具有很大的危险性。有数据表明，铝合金焊接构件中90%的断裂是由于焊接接头处的疲劳破坏引起的。特别是枝芽类铝合金壳体零件其枝芽部位一般都是承力部位，因而制造工艺对于枝芽类壳体零件的可靠性有着至关重要的作用。如果采用整体传统挤压成形的方式，则可以弥补上述工艺的缺陷，但是由于挤压成形方式的特点，对于枝芽类壳体零件这类的复杂零件，一般需多道工序完成，严重地影响了生产效率。另外，多次的成形前加热也会严重地影响零件的性能。
[0006] 中国专利:200810046626.0公开了一种“7A04铝合金机匣体类零件多向模锻工艺与模具”，但是该套装置仍然需要多道次成形，而预锻成形和终端成形道次之间的接合给零件的成形精度和模具的设计及制造都带来相关的问题，另外，该模具在实际操作中还存在许多不方便之处。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的主要目的是综合以上所述现有技术存在的不足，提出一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺及模具，利用所设计的多向加载设备进行成形，目的在于有效克服现有传统挤压成形和铸造、焊接等制造工艺所存在的自身缺陷带来的问题。同时本发明中的模具结构简单、成形性好。
[0008] 本发明所采用的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形模具，包括主动径向外模套、分瓣凹模和垂直凸模；分瓣凹模为两个垂直对称结构，固定在各自的分瓣凹模冲程机构上水平相向或者相反移动，合模后为有底无盖桶体状，且内部为零件形状的模腔，外部形成圆台结构；主动径向外模套套于分瓣凹模外部，由滑动机构带动上下移动，主动径向外模套内模面与分瓣凹模的外模面相合，将主动径向外模套对分瓣凹模的加载力分解成垂直加载力和水平加载力；垂直凸模固定在分瓣凹模上方的垂直凸模冲程机构上，对准在分瓣凹模的模腔开口处。
[0009] 所述的主动径向外模套固定在开有供垂直凸模穿行的开孔的上联接模板，上联接模板固定于滑块做上下移动。
[0010] 所述的分瓣凹模安装在导轨座板之上，导轨座板沿分瓣凹模移动方向开设有T型导轨，分瓣凹模底部具有嵌入T型导轨的导条；所述的分瓣凹模外侧通过联接机构固定在水平冲程机构上，所述的联接机构包括联接头、连接杆、连接模板，联接头嵌固于分瓣凹模的外侧，连接杆连接联接头和连接模板；连接模板固定于水平冲程机构上。
[0011] 所述的分瓣凹模的外部圆台结构为7°的锥形斜面。
[0012] 本发明所采用的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其顺序包括:下料、预加热、挤压、加热、镦口部步骤，其中，挤压步骤中使用所述的多向挤压成形模具对铝合金枝芽类壳体零件毛坯进行多向挤压，将毛坯放入模具的模膛，在连续动作下将铝合金枝芽类壳体零件一次成型。
[0013] 所述的挤压步骤中，毛坯放入模具的模膛后，先向下放下多向挤压成形模具中的主动径向外模套，等主动径向外模套与两个分瓣凹模相碰后，同时驱动两个分瓣凹模相对运动，待分瓣凹模完全合模后，启动垂直凸模向下冲孔，使得铝合金枝芽类壳体零件继续成形。
[0014] 所述的挤压步骤中，在放下主动径向外模套之前，两个分瓣凹模先相对移动一段距离，将枝芽部凸台先成形出一部分。
[0015] 所述的主动径向外套和两个分瓣凹模的相合面形成一角度，在相合面上的加载力分解成垂直加载力和水平加载力，使得毛坯成形时效果更佳，同时节省部分设备能源。
[0016] 所述的预加热步骤中，毛坯温度加热到445°C〜460°C，模具中两个分瓣凹模和垂直凸模的温度加热到400°C。
[0017] 采用上述方案后，本发明具有以下技术效果:工艺中，采用多项挤压模具直接一次成形完毕，成形精度高，模具的设计及制造简便。采用温挤压成形技术，铝合金材料容易充满异形型腔，并且挤压成形力不大。坯料经过水平方向和垂直方向不同程度的加载后，各个部位的应变相对均匀。在成形过程中，随上面的主动径向外模套的垂直向下运动，分瓣凹模的外模面和上面的主动径向外模套的内模面相互作用，完全将分瓣凹模径向封死并实现成形。而且可以利用主动径向外模套的垂直作用力转化为水平加载力，可以大大节约设备能量。产品加工后，水平方向的两个分瓣凹模开合都由多向加载设备控制，自动开合，工件可以从分瓣凹模中顺利地脱出 ，操作方便简单，生产效率高。与传统工艺相比，零件的枝芽部位可一次同步成形,加工工序少,被加工产品的飞边小,显著地提高了毛坯的精化程度,并且降低了生产成本，适用于大批量生产。
[0018] 说明书附图
[0019] 图1-A是本发明较佳实施例中加工零件的结构示意图；
[0020] 图1-B是图1-A的A向示意图；
[0021] 图2是本发明较佳实施例中多向挤压模具的组装示意图；
[0022] 图3是本发明较佳实施例中导轨座板的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
[0023] 本实施例中是以图1-A和图1-B中所示的零件图为对象进行具体说明。该零件I的是铝合金中空的壳件，底部具有枝芽类部件2。
[0024] 本发明要加工零件I所采用的模具如图2所示，主要包括垂直凸模3、上联接模板
4、主动径向外模套5、左分瓣凹模6、右分瓣凹模7、右联接头8、左联接头9、右联接杆10、左联接杆11、右水平联接模板12、左水平联接模板13、导轨座板14。
[0025] 垂直凸模3由多向成形液压机冲孔缸单独连接并驱动，做上下垂直运动。垂直凸模3位于左分瓣凹模6、右分瓣凹模7的上方，对准在模腔的开口处。上联接模板4和主动径向外模套5通过内六角螺栓15和圆柱销钉16连接定位。由于垂直凸模3向下冲程，所以在上联接模板4上需要开设 通孔17，供垂直凸模3穿过。上连接模板4是固定在滑块上实现上下移动。
[0026] 两个分瓣凹模为垂直对称结构，分成左分瓣凹模6和右分瓣凹模7，位于纵向对称线的左、右两边。左分瓣凹模6和右分瓣凹模7合模后，内部是按照零件形状制成的模腔18，其中底部具有成形枝芽类部件2的型腔21。
[0027] 在左分瓣凹模6的外侧通过联接机构与水平冲程机构连接，实现水平方向的移动。在本实施例中联接机构包括左联接头9、左连接杆11、左水平联接模板13，左联接头9嵌固于左分瓣凹模6的外侧，左连接杆11连接左联接头9和左水平联接模板13。左水平联接模板13固定于水平冲程机构上。水平冲程机构上的水平缸工作就带动左连接模板13水平移动，然后带动左分瓣凹模6的水平移动。
[0028] 当然这种联接机构也并非局限于本实施例中所举，只要能实现相同功能的所有联接机构都可以为本发明所用。
[0029] 另外右分瓣凹模7的联接结构与左分瓣凹模6的相同,通过右联接头8、右连接杆10、右水平联接模板12实现，这里不做赘述。
[0030] 为了使得左、右分瓣凹模6、7水平移动平稳顺畅，将其安装在导轨座板14之上，如图3所示，导轨座板14上开设有T型导轨19，在左右分瓣凹模6、7的底部都具有嵌入T型导轨的导条。这样，导条可以引导左右分瓣凹模6、7沿T型导轨19移动向左右两边开合。
[0031] 这里还需要值得说明的是，主动径向外模套5的内模面和左分瓣凹模6、右分瓣凹模7的外模面是相互贴合的。左分瓣凹模6、右分瓣凹模7合模后，外表是为圆台形状，上底面小，下底面大，圆台的母线和高形成7°角，主动径向外模套5的内模面与圆台的侧面完全贴合。这样的设计，是为了把主动径向外模套5对分瓣凹模的加载力可以分解成垂直加载力和水平加载力。当然，这里的7°角可以需要加载的力度适当调正。
[0032] 本发明的工艺主要是包括:下料、预加热、挤压、加热、镦口部等步骤。[0033] 下料:将毛坯从原料中按照一定尺寸裁剪下来。
[0034] 预加热:装配以前，先将多向挤压模具的左、右分瓣凹模6、7和垂直凸模3预热到350。。。
[0035] 将多向挤压模具进行装配:上联接模板4与主动径向外模套5的组件与滑块通过压板螺栓固定，将垂直凸模3与设备垂直冲程结构的冲孔缸活塞螺纹联接。然后将导轨座板14与设备工作台连接，将左分瓣凹模6和右分瓣凹模7分别装到导轨座板14的T型导轨19上。同时右水平联接模板12和左水平联接模板13分别与设备的水平冲程机构的水平缸联接，通过开启设备，保证模具的开合与设备的行程相适应，左右分瓣凹模6、7开启保证一定直径的毛坯可以放入。毛坯在放入前加热到460°C，
[0036] 多向挤压:毛坯放入凹模，启动滑块，主动径向外模套5向下运动，和左、右分瓣凹模6、7接触后，同时开启滑块和左、右冲程结构中的水平缸，带动左、右分瓣凹模6、7相对移动，使坯料径向流动，开始填充模腔18底部成形枝芽类部件2的型腔21。等左、右分瓣凹模
6、7完全合模后，启动垂直冲程机构的冲孔缸带动垂直凸模3向下冲孔，使得底部型腔21继续成形。成形完毕后，垂直凸模3回程，滑块带动主动径向外模套5向上运动，与左、右两分瓣凹模6、7分离，等全部回程后，左右分瓣凹模6、7开模，然后取出挤压件。
[0037] 多向挤压过程完全是一次成型，没有经过多道次的重复加工。其中主动径向外模套5和左、右分瓣凹模6、7的接触面与垂直中心线是一个7°角，所以在挤压时将主动径向外模套5本身的垂直加载力形成作用在左、右分瓣凹模6、7垂直加载力和水平加载力,挤压力度更加均匀，同时可以节省部分设备能源，达到同样的挤压效果。[0038] 挤压件再进行加热、镦口部处理等步骤，就最后完工。
Claims (9)
1.一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形模具，其特征在于:包括主动径向外模套、分瓣凹模和垂直凸模；分瓣凹模为两个垂直对称结构，固定在各自的分瓣凹模冲程机构上水平相向或者相反移动，合模后为有底无盖桶体状，且内部为零件形状的模腔，外部形成圆台结构；主动径向外模套套于分瓣凹模外部，由滑动机构带动上下移动，主动径向外模套内模面与分瓣凹模的外模面相合，将主动径向外模套对分瓣凹模的加载力分解成垂直加载力和水平加载力；垂直凸模固定在分瓣凹模上方的垂直凸模冲程机构上，对准在分瓣凹模的模腔开口处。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形模具，其特征在于:所述的主动径向外模套固定在开有供垂直凸模穿行的开孔的上联接模板，上联接模板固定于滑块做上下移动。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形模具，其特征在于:所述的分瓣凹模安装在导轨座板之上，导轨座板沿分瓣凹模移动方向开设有T型导轨,分瓣凹模底部具有嵌入T型导轨的导条；所述的分瓣凹模外侧通过联接机构固定在水平冲程机构上，所述的联接机构包括联接头、连接杆、连接模板，联接头嵌固于分瓣凹模的外侧，连接杆连接联接头和连接模板；连接模板固定于水平冲程机构上。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形模具，其特征在于:所述的分瓣凹模的外部圆台结构为7°的锥形斜面。
5.一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其顺序包括:下料、预加热、挤压、加热、镦口部步骤，其特征在于:挤压步骤中使用权利要求1所述的多向挤压成形模具对铝合金枝芽类壳体零件毛坯进行多向挤压，将毛坯放入模具的模膛，在连续动作下将铝合金枝芽类壳体零件一次成型。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其特征在于:所述的挤压步骤中，毛坯放入模具的模膛后，先向下放下多向挤压成形模具中的主动径向外模套，等主动径向外模套与两个分瓣凹模相碰后，同时驱动两个分瓣凹模相对运动，待分瓣凹模完全合模后，启动垂直凸模向下冲孔，使得铝合金枝芽类壳体零件继续成形。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其特征在于:所述的挤压步骤中，在放下主动径向外模套之前，两个分瓣凹模先相对移动一段距离，将枝芽部型腔先成形出一部分。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其特征在于:所述的主动径向外模套和两个分瓣凹模的相合面形成一角度，在相合面上的加载力分解成垂直加载力和水平加载力，使得毛坯成形时效果更佳，同时节省部分设备能源。
9.如权利要求5所述的一种铝合金枝芽类壳体零件多向挤压成形工艺，其特征在于:所述的预加热步骤中 ，毛坯温度加热到445°C〜460°C，模具中两个分瓣凹模和垂直凸模的温度加热到400°C。
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