CN102188970A - 催化剂组合物和包含钇的催化还原系统 - Google Patents
催化剂组合物和包含钇的催化还原系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102188970A CN102188970A CN2011100572191A CN201110057219A CN102188970A CN 102188970 A CN102188970 A CN 102188970A CN 2011100572191 A CN2011100572191 A CN 2011100572191A CN 201110057219 A CN201110057219 A CN 201110057219A CN 102188970 A CN102188970 A CN 102188970A
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- metal oxide
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 29
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Abstract
本发明提供催化剂组合物、包含催化剂组合物的催化还原系统和使用催化还原系统的系统。催化剂组合物包含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质。模板化金属氧化物基体包含钇,并且具有许多孔。钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。催化剂物质包括置于模板化金属氧化物基体上的催化剂金属。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及催化剂组合物,具体地讲,涉及用于通过选择性催化还原(SCR)还原氮氧化物(NOx)的催化剂组合物和系统。
背景技术
在选择性催化还原(SCR)中,氮氧化物(NOx)还原可在这些气体通过固体催化剂时利用一起送入排气的氨或脲完成。现已报告氨和脲-SCR两者的高NOx还原。然而,氨和脲还原方法两者均需要基础结构提供还原剂,并且在使用氨时,氨可能通过催化剂泄漏,导致不可接受的氨排放。另一种技术是烃(HC)SCR,其中烃作为还原剂用于NOx转化。HC-SCR所用的烃包括相对较小分子,如甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷和丙烯及直链烃如己烷、辛烷等。
为了在排气流中补充HC,已探索在一些重型柴油机中注入柴油或甲醇。从基础结构方面看,最好用机载柴油燃料作为HC-SCR的烃源。
由于在操作环境中存在水(蒸汽)、氧气和热量,水热稳定性对NOx SCR催化剂有利害关系。为了研发NOx催化剂,需要提高水热稳定性或所谓的老化性质,而同时保持NOx还原活性。
因此,可能需要具有催化剂组合物,该催化剂组合物具有提高的水热稳定性和可接受的NOx还原活性。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,催化剂组合物包含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质。模板化金属氧化物基体包含钇,并且具有许多孔。钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。催化剂物质包括置于模板化金属氧化物基体上的催化剂金属。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供包括以上催化剂组合物的催化还原系统。催化剂组合物包含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质。模板化金属氧化物基体包含钇,并且具有许多孔。钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。催化剂物质包括置于模板化金属氧化物基体上的催化剂金属。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供包括催化剂组合物的催化还原系统。催化剂组合物包含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质。模板化金属氧化物基体包含钇、锆,并且具有许多孔。钇和锆作为基体的一部分布置,以便钇以基体的约0.1%摩尔至约2%摩尔的量存在,锆以基体的约0.5%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。催化剂物质包含银,并且置于模板化金属氧化物基体上。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种系统。该系统包括内燃机和催化还原系统,该催化还原系统经布置,以从内燃机接收排气流。催化还原系统包括催化剂组合物,且催化剂组合物包含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质。模板化金属氧化物基体包含钇,并且具有许多孔。钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。催化剂物质包含置于模板化金属氧化物基体上的催化剂金属。
附图说明
图1为描绘模板化氧化铝上未掺杂的3%摩尔银(Ag-TA)催化剂组合物的NOx还原活性的图。
图2为描绘钇掺杂的3%摩尔Ag-TA的NOx还原活性的图。
图3为比较未掺杂、锆掺杂以及钇和锆掺杂的3%摩尔Ag-TA的NOx还原活性的图。
图4为比较两种不同锆百分数的锆掺杂的以及钇和锆掺杂的3%摩尔Ag-TA的NOx还原活性的图。
具体实施方式
本文所述系统包括涉及催化剂组合物的实施方案,和涉及包括催化剂组合物的催化还原系统的实施方案,和用催化还原系统还原氮氧化物的系统的实施方案。本发明一般公开NOx还原催化剂和NOx还原系统,它们用于还原从燃烧装置排放的排气中的NOx。适合的燃烧装置可包括加热炉、烘箱或发动机。
在以下说明书和权利要求书中,除非上下文另外清楚地规定,单数形式“一”、“该”和“此”包括复数讨论对象。
如本文使用,没有进一步的限定语,“中孔”指物质包含具有约2纳米至约50纳米的直径的孔。催化剂为可引起化学反应速率变化而自身在反应中不消耗的物质。粉末为包含精细分散固体颗粒的物质。形成模板(templating)是指控制形成模型(patterning),模板化是指所施加模型(pattern)的确定控制,并且可包括分子自组合。块料可以为具有许多通道的陶瓷块,并且可通过挤出粘土、粘合剂和添加剂,推过染料(dye)产生结构来制备。洗涂层(washcoat)是指在形成粗糙、不规则表面的芯上的薄涂层,此表面比平芯表面具有更大表面积。如在整个说明书和权利要求中使用,可用近似语言来修饰任何定量表达,这些表达可容许改变,而不引起所涉及的基本功能的改变。因此,由术语例如“约”修饰的数值不限于所指定的精确值。在某些情况下,近似语言对于测定数值可能相当于仪器的精确度。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种组合物。该组合物包含具有许多孔的模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质,该催化剂物质包括催化剂金属,并且置于所述基体上。如本文使用,催化剂金属的量表示为基体的百分数。除非另外提到,本文提供的百分数为摩尔百分数。摩尔百分数为掺杂剂元素的摩尔数占模板化基体摩尔数的分数。例如,在Ag-TA中,将银表示为模板化氧化铝(Al2O3)的摩尔数的分数。
适合的基体可包括无机物质。适合的无机物质可包括例如氧化物、碳化物、氮化物、氢氧化物、碳氮化物、氧氮化物、硼化物或硼碳化物。在一个实施方案中,无机氧化物可具有氢氧化物涂层。在一个实施方案中,无机氧化物可以为金属氧化物。金属氧化物可具有氢氧化物涂层。其他适合的金属无机物可包括一种或多种金属碳化物、金属氮化物、金属氢氧化物、金属碳氮化物、金属氧氮化物、金属硼化物或金属硼碳化物。在前述无机物质中使用的金属阳离子可以为过渡金属、碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属等。
在一个实施方案中,催化剂基体包括氧化物物质。在一个实施方案中,催化剂基体包括氧化铝、二氧化锆、二氧化硅、沸石或包含这些成分的任何混合物。适合的基体物质可包括例如铝硅酸盐、铝磷酸盐、六铝化物(hexaaluminate)、锆酸盐、钛硅酸盐、钛酸盐或其两种或更多种的组合。在一个示例性实施方案中,金属氧化物为氧化铝。在其他实施方案中,其他基体可能适用,并且可根据最终使用参数选择。
催化剂基体的所需性质包括例如相对较小粒度和高表面积。在一个实施方案中,催化剂基体的粉末具有小于约100微米的平均直径。在一个实施方案中,平均直径小于约50微米。在另一个实施方案中,平均直径为约1微米至约10微米。催化剂基体粉末可具有大于约100m2/g的表面积。在一个实施方案中,催化剂基体粉末的表面积大于约200m2/g。在一个实施方案中,表面积为约200m2/g至约500m2/g,在另一个实施方案中,为约300m2/g至约600m2/g。
催化剂基体可具有确定尺寸的周期排列的模板化孔。尺寸可包括孔径、弯曲度、内表面的均匀性等。在一些实施方案中,中值孔径大于约2nm。在一个实施方案中,中值孔径小于约100nm。在一些实施方案中,中值孔径为约2nm至约20nm。在另一个实施方案中,中值孔径为约20nm至约60nm,在还另一个实施方案中,中值孔径为约60nm至约100nm。在一些实施方案中,孔具有大于约的周期性。在一些实施方案中,孔具有小于约的周期性。在一个实施方案中,孔具有约至约的周期性。在另一个实施方案中,孔具有约至约的周期性。
在某些实施方案中,孔径具有窄单峰分布。在一个实施方案中,孔具有小于1.5的孔径分布多分散指数。本文所用多分散指数为所给样品孔径分布的量度。在另一个实施方案中,多分散指数小于1.3,在一个具体实施方案中,多分散指数小于1.1。在一个实施方案中,孔径(diameter size)分布可以为双峰或多峰。
适合的催化剂金属可包括镓、铟、铑、钯、钌和铱中的一种或多种。其他适合的催化剂金属包括过渡金属元素。适合的催化剂金属也包括铂、金和银中的一种或多种。在一个实施方案中,催化剂金属包括银。在一个具体实施方案中,催化剂金属基本上为100%银。
催化剂金属可以基体的至少约0.5%摩尔的量存在。在一个实施方案中,催化剂金属以基体的等于或大于3%摩尔的量存在。在一个实施方案中,存在的催化剂金属的量为催化剂基体的约6%摩尔。在一个实施方案中,催化金属可以基体的约1%摩尔至约9%摩尔的量存在。
期望NOx还原催化剂具有优良的水热老化性质。可将水热老化过程描述为真实发动机条件模型。在水热老化期间,催化剂性能经常被热量、氧气和水(蒸汽)削弱。通常将老化描述为NOx还原性能的降低率。在老化过程中催化剂降级可描述为涉及两个不同机制:(1)热膨胀和(2)孔塌缩。有人提出在第一机制中,小孔径变化与热膨胀有关。有人提出在第二机制中,孔间的壁塌缩,并且物质受到更严重破坏,这通常与孔径的显著变化有关。
一种示例性NOx还原催化剂组合物为模板化氧化铝上的银(Ag-TA)催化剂。这种催化剂组合物包含中孔、模板化氧化铝基体和基本上为100%银的催化剂金属。本发明人把Ag-TA作为实例研究NOx还原催化剂的老化性质。发明人进行的研究表明,对Ag-TA骨架的某种掺杂减慢Ag-TA的水热老化。为减慢水热老化加入的掺杂剂在本文被称为水热掺杂剂。
在一个实施方案中,Ag-TA的水热掺杂剂包括过渡金属。在另一个实施方案中,水热掺杂剂选自钇、锆和铈。在另一个具体实施方案中,水热掺杂剂选自钇和锆。在一个示例性实施方案中,用于Ag-TA系统水热稳定性的水热掺杂剂基本上由钇组成。用于Ag-TA的掺杂剂可以为金属形式或氧化物形式。Ag-TA中水热掺杂剂的量为基体的约0.05%摩尔至约10%摩尔。在另一个实施方案中,水热掺杂剂的量为基体的约0.1%摩尔至约9%摩尔。在还另一个实施方案中,水热掺杂剂的量为基体的约1%至约3%。在一个示例性实施方案中,水热掺杂剂的量为基体的约0.1%至约2%。
不受理论限制,发明人设想水热掺杂剂起双向作用。在一种作用中,水热掺杂剂作为基体的一部分,并帮助提高基体稳定性。在第二种作用中,水热掺杂剂用作催化剂物质。作为催化剂物质,水热掺杂剂提高催化剂金属的催化活性。水热掺杂剂可以为金属形式或化合物形式。在一个示例性实施方案中,水热掺杂剂为氧化物形式。
在一个实施方案中,氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝为NOx催化剂的基体或骨架。在一个示例性实施方案中,氧化铝为Ag-TA的基体。基体的作用是(1)在利用腐蚀性气体和蒸汽的工作温度下提供坚固载体/骨架和(2)提供NOx和还原剂的气体通道,以与催化物质例如Ag接触。因此,基体的坚固性在改善Ag-TA催化剂的老化性质中起重要作用。在氧化铝中,用其他金属例如钇代替一些铝部位可产生较佳的高温稳定性、抗热冲击性和水热稳定性。不受理论限制,发明人相信掺杂剂元素如钇加到氧化铝基体(matrix)导致氧化铝骨架中的替代,这提高基体的水热稳定性。不同的掺杂剂可试验研究,并且适用于Ag-TA或任何其他NOx还原催化剂的水热稳定性。
已发现氧化铝具有有限的热和水热稳定性,其受几个因素影响,例如内在的阳离子和阴离子空位。由于“水热烧结作用”,内在阳离子空位和阴离子空位之间的相互作用,氧化铝可能在高温失去其表面积。氧化铝在暴露于水热环境时变得更结晶化。将钇引入氧化铝抑制水热烧结,从而使中孔结构稳定。
与以上段落中提到的水热掺杂剂一起,组合物可进一步具有提高组合物的水热稳定性和/或催化剂金属的催化活性的另外的掺杂剂。在一个实施方案中,一种或多种另外的掺杂剂可选自锆、铁、镓、铟、钨、锌、铂和铑。在一个实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂包括锆。在另一个实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂包括铑,在还另一个实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂包括镓和铟两者,其中以重量计,镓的量超过铟的量的两倍。在一个实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂可以基体的约0.1%摩尔至约20%摩尔的量存在。在另一个实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂可以基体的约0.1%摩尔至约5%摩尔的量存在。在一个示例性实施方案中,另外的掺杂剂可以基体的约0.5%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在。
在一个实施方案中,在产生催化表面中可包括催化剂组合物。在一个实施方案中,可使催化剂组合物成形,并作为催化剂表面形成。在另一个实施方案中,可使液体介质中的催化剂组合物浆料成形,并与催化剂载体接触,以形成具有洗涂的(washcoated)块料催化剂的催化还原系统。因此,在一个实施方案中,催化还原系统包含催化剂载体和含模板化金属氧化物基体和催化剂物质的催化组合物。
催化剂载体可以为任何形式,包括泡沫、块料和蜂巢状物。用于催化剂载体的适合物质包括陶瓷和金属。陶瓷的实例包括氧化物,如氧化铝、二氧化硅、钛酸盐化合物及耐高温氧化物、堇青石、富铝红柱石和沸石。其他实例包括金属碳化物和金属氮化物。在一些实施方案中可使用碳。在具体实施方案中,催化剂载体包括碳化硅、熔融二氧化硅、活性炭或钛酸铝。本文所用沸石包括水合铝硅酸盐,如方沸石、菱沸石、片沸石、钠沸石、钙十字石和辉沸石。本文所用富铝红柱石为硅酸铝形式。在另一个示例性实施方案中,适合的催化剂载体包括金属波纹形式。
在一个实施方案中,催化剂粉末的浆料洗涂到催化剂载体上,例如块料。在本发明的一个实施方案中,催化剂载体为块料,包括堇青石。可将施加的洗涂层干燥,烧结,并用于还原排放内容物,例如NOx。
在使用催化还原系统的方法中,催化还原系统置于内燃机的排气流中。内燃机可以为各种移动或固定/不动资产中任何资产的一部分,例如汽车、机车或发电机。由于不同的发动机具有不同的燃烧性质并且由于使用不同的燃料,排气流部件在一个系统与另一个系统之间存在差异。这些差异可包括NOx水平变化、硫的存在、氧气水平、蒸汽含量和反应产物的其他物质的存在或量。发动机的操作参数变化也可改变排气流性质。不同操作参数的实例可包括温度和流速。可以需要的速率并且在适于所给系统和操作参数的需要的温度下,用催化还原系统将NOx还原成氮。
在使用催化还原系统的一种方法中,催化还原系统置于汽车的排气流中。催化还原系统的催化剂组合物将氮氧化物还原成氮。可在约250℃或更高温度下还原气流中存在的氮氧化物。在一个实施方案中,还原在约250℃至约350℃进行。在另一个实施方案中,温度为约350℃至约500℃。在另一个具体实施方案中,温度为约500℃至约600℃。在一个示例性实施方案中,可在小于约350℃温度下还原气流中存在的氮氧化物。
实施例
以下实施例举例说明根据示例性实施方案的方法和实施方案,因此,不应解释为对权利要求的限制。所有组分均购自一般化学供应商。
物质的制备:
制备0.1%摩尔钇掺杂的3%摩尔Ag-TA
1000mL 3颈圆底烧瓶装配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和加料漏斗。将50g(0.2mol)仲丁醇铝(Al(OsecBu)3)溶于200mL异丙醇(IPA),并加入到烧瓶。将0.0386g(0.0001mol)2,4-戊二酮根合钇加入到烧瓶。
在加入到烧瓶后,打开机械搅拌器,保持半小时,直到Y前体溶于IPA。将约2.65g(0.02mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯(EA)、14g TRITON X-114和60mL IPA混合,并加入到烧瓶。在环境条件下以中等速度搅拌混合物30分钟。在30分钟环境搅拌期间,将约0.5332g(0.003mol)AgNO3溶于与85mL IPA混合的7.5mL H2O。将此溶液加到注射泵。在30分钟后,打开注射泵,并使注射泵以中等速度滴加。水解期间,由于混合物增加粘度,将搅拌器调高。水解完成后,将混合物在环境条件下搅拌约0.5小时。在约0.5小时后,在搅拌下使反应混合物在60℃老化24小时。然后将所得凝胶过滤过夜,并使用索氏提取用乙醇(EtOH)提取24小时。然后使经提取的固体在真空烘箱中在50℃干燥24小时。将干燥粉末在N2/空气中在550℃煅烧6小时。
制备锆掺杂的3%摩尔Ag-TA
1000mL 3颈圆底烧瓶装配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和加料漏斗。将50g(0.2mol)仲丁醇铝(Al(OsecBu)3)溶于200mL IPA,并加入到烧瓶。加入0.001mol(0.3877g)和0.005mol(1.9384g)异丙醇锆·异丙醇络合物,以制备具有不同(1%摩尔和5%摩尔)Zr浓度的催化剂。在加入到烧瓶后,打开机械搅拌器,保持2小时,直到锆前体溶于IPA。将2.65g(0.02mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯(EA)、14g TRITON X-114和60mL IPA混合,并加入到具有Al(OsecBu)3溶液的烧瓶。在环境条件下以中等速度搅拌混合物30分钟。在30分钟环境搅拌期间,将0.003mol AgNO3(0.5332g)溶于与85mL IPA混合的7.5mL H2O。将此溶液加到注射泵。在30分钟后,打开注射泵,并使注射泵以中等速度滴加。水解期间,由于混合物增加粘度,将搅拌器调高。水解完成后,将混合物在环境条件下搅拌约0.5小时。在0.5小时后,在搅拌下使反应混合物在60℃老化24小时。然后将所得凝胶过滤过夜,并使用索氏提取用乙醇(EtOH)提取24小时。然后使经提取的固体在真空烘箱中在50℃干燥24小时。将粉末在N2/空气中在550℃煅烧6小时。
制备0.5%摩尔钇和1%摩尔锆掺杂的Ag-TA
1000mL 3颈圆底烧瓶装配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和加料漏斗。将50g(0.2mol)仲丁醇铝(Al(OsecBu)3)溶于200mL IPA,并加入到烧瓶。加入0.001mol(0.3877g)异丙醇锆·异丙醇络合物和0.1931g(0.0005mol)2,4-戊二酮根合钇。在加入到烧瓶后,打开机械搅拌器,保持2小时,直到钇和锆前体溶于IPA。将2.65g(0.02mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯(EA)、14g TRITON X-114和60mL IPA混合,并加入到具有Al(OsecBu)3溶液的烧瓶。在环境条件下以中等速度搅拌混合物30分钟。在30分钟环境搅拌期间,将0.003mol AgNO3(0.5332g)溶于与85mL IPA混合的7.5mL H2O。将此溶液加到注射泵。在30分钟后,打开注射泵,并使注射泵以中等速度滴加。水解期间,由于混合物增加粘度,将搅拌器调高。水解完成后,将混合物在环境条件下搅拌约0.5小时。在0.5小时后,在搅拌下使反应混合物在60℃老化24小时。然后将所得凝胶过滤过夜,并使用索氏提取用乙醇(EtOH)提取24小时。使经提取的固体在真空烘箱中在50℃干燥24小时。将粉末在N2/空气中在550℃煅烧6小时。
催化剂测试
在煅烧后,测试一些粉末的新制性能,并使一些粉末在650℃用水和氧气老化96小时。并列测试新制催化剂组合物和经老化催化剂组合物,并绘制它们的NOx还原活性图。
试验结果
图1显示新制和96小时老化的3%Ag-TA催化剂组合物的NOX活性,而图2显示新制和96小时老化的0.1%钇掺杂的3%Ag-TA催化剂组合物。通过比较这两张图可以看到,钇掺杂略微提高Ag-TA的NOx还原活性,同时,老化不降低0.1%钇掺杂的Ag-TA催化剂组合物的NOx还原活性。
图3图形显示在模板化氧化铝上未掺杂、1%锆掺杂及0.5%钇和1%锆掺杂的3%银(Ag-TA)的催化剂组合物的新制和老化样品的NOx还原活性比较。图显示,在约275℃至约375℃温度下,经老化样品的还原活性小于新制样品的还原活性。另外,可清楚地看到,锆掺杂提高Ag-TA组合物的新制和老化NOx还原性能,加钇进一步提高还原性能。
图4为比较两种不同锆掺杂水平下,96小时老化锆掺杂的及0.5%钇和锆掺杂的3%Ag-TA催化剂组合物的NOx还原活性的图。可清楚地看到,加0.5%Y提高了具有1%Zr和5%Zr两者的活性。
本文所述的实施方案为组合物和制品的实例,此类组合物和制品具有对应于权利要求中所述发明要素的要素。本书面说明能够使本领域的技术人员制备并使用具有替代要素的实施方案,此类替代要素同样的对应于权利要求中所述发明的要素。因此,本发明的范围包括与权利要求的字面语言没有差异的组合物和制品,并且还包括与权利要求字面语言无实质差别的其他组合物和制品。虽然,本文只说明和描述了某些特征和实施方案,但相关领域的技术人员可进行很多修改和变化。附加权利要求覆盖所有这些修改和变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物包含:
模板化金属氧化物基体,该基体具有许多孔并且包含钇,其中钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在;和
催化剂物质,该催化剂物质包括催化剂金属,并且置于所述基体上。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中钇的量为基体的约0.1%摩尔至约2%摩尔。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述催化剂金属包括银。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述模板化金属氧化物基体包括氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述模板化金属氧化物具有周期性排列的模板化孔,其中平均孔径为约2纳米至约100纳米,并且孔具有约50埃至约130埃的周期性。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述基体还包含另外的掺杂剂物质,所述另外的掺杂剂物质选自锆、铁、镓、铟、钨、锌、铂和铑。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中所述另外的掺杂剂物质为约0.1%摩尔至约5%摩尔的锆。
8.一种催化还原系统,所述催化还原系统包括:
催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物包含:
模板化金属氧化物基体,所述模板化金属氧化物基体具有许多孔,并且包含钇,其中钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在;和
催化剂物质,该催化剂物质包括催化剂金属,并且置于所述基体上。
9.一种催化还原系统,所述催化还原系统包括催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物包含:
模板化金属氧化物基体,所述模板化金属氧化物基体具有许多孔,并且包含作为基体的一部分布置的钇和锆,其中钇以基体的约0.1%摩尔至约2%摩尔的量存在,且锆以基体的约0.5%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在;和
催化剂物质,所述催化剂物质包括银,并且置于所述模板化金属氧化物基体上。
10.一种系统,所述系统包括:
内燃机,和
催化还原系统,所述催化还原系统经布置,以从内燃机接收排气流,其中所述催化还原系统包括催化剂组合物,所述催化剂组合物包含:
模板化金属氧化物基体,所述模板化金属氧化物基体具有许多孔,并且包含钇,其中钇以基体的约0.05%摩尔至约3%摩尔的量存在;和
催化剂物质,所述催化剂物质包括催化剂金属,并且置于所述基体上。
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US7767175B2 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2010-08-03 | Catalytic Solutions, Inc. | Ammonia SCR catalyst and method of using the catalyst |
RU2009132612A (ru) * | 2007-01-31 | 2011-03-10 | Басф Каталистс Ллк (Us) | Газовые катализаторы, включающие пористую сотовидную стенку |
US8530369B2 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2013-09-10 | General Electric Company | Catalyst and method of manufacture |
US8291891B2 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2012-10-23 | Southwest Research Institute | EGR system with dedicated EGR cylinders |
US20100068130A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-18 | Frederick Carl Wilhelm | Process for the Production of Hydrogen Gas Employing a Thermally Stable Catalyst |
US20100196236A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | General Electric Company | Templated catalyst composition and associated method |
US8353155B2 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2013-01-15 | General Electric Company | Catalyst and method of manufacture |
-
2010
- 2010-02-26 US US12/713,436 patent/US20110209466A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-02-09 BR BRPI1100388-0A patent/BRPI1100388A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-02-10 CA CA2731505A patent/CA2731505A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-15 EP EP11154440A patent/EP2361669A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-25 CN CN2011100572191A patent/CN102188970A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113893686A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2022-01-07 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 催化剂床和用于还原氮氧化物的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2731505A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 |
US20110209466A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2361669A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
BRPI1100388A2 (pt) | 2012-07-31 |
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