CN102187159A

CN102187159A - Ember-resistant and flame-resistant roof ventilation system

Info

Publication number: CN102187159A
Application number: CN2009801156029A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 格雷戈里·S·丹尼尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-05-13
Filing date: 2009-05-13
Publication date: 2011-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-05-13
Also published as: US9011221B2; US10105559B2; AU2009246322A1; AU2009246322B2; RU2010149942A; CA2724010C; US20150343247A1; EP2304330B1; EP2304330A1; WO2009140422A1; JP2011521127A; US11850457B2; US11383111B2; CA2724010A1; JP5745398B2; JP2015092057A; EP2304330A4; MY159003A; US20230058616A1; JP5971569B2

Abstract

This application relates to ventilation systems, more particularly to roof ventilation systems that help to protect buildings against fires. The roof vent has an ember impedance structure that impedes the entry of flames and embers or other floating burning materials while still permitting sufficient air flow to adequately ventilate a building. Several configurations of vents employing baffle members and fire-resistant mesh material are described, which can substantially prevent the ingress of floating embers and flames.

Description

The roof ventilation system of anti-ashes and flame

The cross reference of related application

The application requires the priority of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/052862 of proposition on May 13rd, 2008, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates to ventilating system, relate more specifically to help building fireproof roof ventilation system.

Background technology

Constructure ventilation all has many benefits for building and occupant thereof.For example, the ventilation in attic space can prevent that the temperature of attic from rising to undesirable degree, and this also can reduce the heat radiation cost in the living space, inside of building.In addition, increasing in the attic space ventilates the tendency that reduces the roof indoor humidity, and this can reduce the incidence of mould and dry rot fungus, thus the service life that is used for building frame and other local timber that prolongs.And, ventilate and encourage the introducing of pure and fresh outdoor air, the living environment of building can be promoted to more healthy degree.Also have, building laws and local regulations all require to ventilate usually, and the required ventilation of mandatory provision.Most of compass of competency is required to have " the clean free draught area " of determining size, and this is a well-known and ventilation criterion that extensively adopt.

An important ventilation type is " the covering top ventilates " (AboveSheathing Ventilation " ASV "), this is the ventilation of the roof inner region of covering top on the roofing board, in the tile batten cavity between roofing board top and cover piece downside.The beneficial effect that increases ASV is cooling tile batten cavity and reduces the radiations heat energy that can enter fabric structure (such as the attic space).Enter the radiations heat energy of building by minimizing, structure can keep lower temperature, needs less energy be used for heat radiation (for example, passing through air-conditioning).

In many zones, building has the risk of contact prairie fire.The prairie fire wood that can burn, or produce ashes, as the byproduct of the material that in prairie fire, burns.These ashes can be propagated, and aloft propagate, and propagate into from the distance of the initial nidus of prairie fire more than one mile, and this has increased the order of severity and the scope of prairie fire influence.A kind of mode that prairie fire damages building is that the ashes of fire drop on the building or near it.Equally, burning structures can produce ashes, and they also can propagate into place away from institute's burning structure along air-flow, cause the harm that is similar to the prairie fire ashes.Vegetation and/or nonfireproof construction material around ashes can be lighted.In addition, ashes can enter building by a plurality of approach: the conventional roof field ventilating opening of ventilating opening, soffit ventilating opening, gable end ventilating opening and femerell or other types under basic ventilating opening, the eaves.The ashes that enter structure may be run into combustible material and building is caught fire.Fire also can produce flame, can cause burning when these flames enter in the building by ventilating opening equally or make building otherwise impaired.

Summary of the invention

Need a such system, this system can provide enough ventilations, but can protect building not entered by flame, ember, ashes or other harmful floating things.It is desirable to, ventilating system should prevent that entering of flame and/or ashes from still can satisfy simultaneously clean free air-conditioning requirement.

Embodiment more disclosed herein seek to address the above problem in the following way: such femerell is set, it can hinder entering of flame and ashes or other floating incendiary materials, simultaneously still allow to enter enough air-flows, so that building fully ventilates.In some preferred embodiments, femerell comprises that a kind of ashes and/or flame hinder structure, and this structure can prevent basically that flame and floating ashes from entering by ventilating opening.Ashes can be as small as the 3-4 millimeter.In some preferred embodiments, such ashes are collected in ashes and/or fray-out of flame hinders in the structure, and do not enter building.In one aspect, ashes and/or flame obstruction structure comprises a baffle component.Why this structure can also hinder flame, is because flame can be had to pass through roundabout and be passed baffle component.In yet another aspect, this ashes hinder structure and comprise a kind of refractory fibre material that interweaves.Aspect another, the low thickness vent design of crossing over easily by a kind of flame strengthens flame obstruction function, and by contrast, high thickness vent design (as the skylight ventilating opening) then provides natural inlet point for flame.

Several structural forms of baffle component have been described in the literary composition.In some structural forms, the air-flow from a side of baffle component to opposite side must pass wherein has the runners that turn to greater than 90 degree at least.Outside this class formation form or substitute this structural form, some structural forms of baffle component provide comprise at least one width less than or approximate the runner in 2.0 centimetres passageway.The length in this passageway can greater than or approximate 0.9 centimetre.

In certain embodiments, ventilating system comprises the first and second ventilating opening members, first ventilating opening member permission air communication is crossed hole or the opening on the roofing board, and the second ventilating opening member replaces one or more roof cover piece (for example, closing on some roof tiles of the second ventilating opening member).The position of the first and second ventilating opening members can laterally be moved away from each other, and makes to scurry into and the flame by the second ventilating opening member and ashes must pass along the runner of roofing board and could arrive the first ventilating opening member.Also can cover fire-resistant ground cushion on the roofing board not influenced by ashes and flame with the protection roofing board.Have, forming ventilative gap between roofing board and roof cover piece is the supporting member of tile batten and so on again, and available refractory material forms.In certain embodiments, the 3rd ventilating opening member can allow more air communication to cross holes different on the roofing board, and the 3rd ventilating opening member can be randomly substantially the same with the first ventilating opening member.

In other embodiments, the first and second ventilating opening members can in conjunction with and form incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening.This monomer-type ventilating opening can comprise and prevents that flame and ashes from entering the baffle component of building.Perhaps, this monomer-type ventilating opening also can comprise the fire-resistant Web materials that can prevent that basically floating ashes from entering via ventilating opening.This monomer-type system may have special-purpose in the what is called combination roof that is formed by compound roof Material.

According to an embodiment, provide field, a kind of roof ventilating opening.This ventilating opening comprises the first ventilating opening member, and the first ventilating opening member comprises first opening that allows circulation of air between the roof lower zone and the first ventilating opening member upper area.This ventilating opening also comprises the second ventilating opening member, and the second ventilating opening member is suitable for being communicated with the first ventilating opening member upper area fluid.The second ventilating opening member comprises second opening that allows circulation of air between the zone, the described second ventilating opening member above and below.At least one comprises baffle component in first opening and second opening, and this baffle component can prevent basically that floating ashes and/or flame from entering, and baffle component constitutes that its orientation is arranged essentially parallel to field, described roof when ventilating opening is installed on the field, roof.

According to another embodiment, provide field, a kind of roof ventilating opening.This ventilating opening comprises the first ventilating opening member, and the first ventilating opening member comprises first opening that allows circulation of air between the roof lower zone and the first ventilating opening member upper area.This ventilating opening also comprises the second ventilating opening member, and the second ventilating opening member is suitable for being communicated with the first ventilating opening member upper area fluid.The second ventilating opening member comprises second opening that allows circulation of air between the zone, the described second ventilating opening member above and below.This ventilating opening comprises that also the ashes and/or the flame that are connected with one of first and second ventilating opening members hinder, and hinders structure so that flow through the air of one of first and second ventilating opening members by these ashes and/or flame.These ashes and/or flame hinder the upper guard-plate member that structure comprises prolongation, this upper guard-plate member comprises top and at least one edge part that extends that is connected with this top downwards, and this top and the edge part that at least one extends downwards are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of upper guard-plate member.These ashes and/or flame hinder the under shield member that structure also comprises prolongation, this under shield member comprises bottom and at least one the upwardly extending edge part that is connected with this bottom, and this bottom and at least one upwardly extending edge part are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of under shield member.The longitudinal axis of upper and lower baffle component is parallel to each other basically, and the edge part overlaid of upper and lower baffle component and form a gorge betwixt so that flow through this ashes/or at least some air that flame hinders structure pass through the circuitous path that partly forms by gorge.

According to another embodiment, provide the roof plate.This roof plate comprises the part of roofing board, wherein comprises at least one roofing board opening.This roof plate also comprises the first ventilating opening member that is installed in roofing board opening part in the roofing board, this first ventilating opening member comprises first opening, and this first opening permission air communication is crossed the roofing board opening between the roof lower zone and the first ventilating opening member upper area.This roof plate also comprises one deck roof cover piece that is arranged on the roofing board, and these roof spares are engaged with each other with recirculation mode.This roof plate also comprises the second ventilating opening member that is communicated with the first ventilating opening member upper area fluid, and this second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, allows circulation of air between second ventilating opening member top, the lower zone.At least one comprises baffle component in first and second openings, and this baffle component can prevent entering of floating ashes and/or flame basically, and the orientation of this baffle component is arranged essentially parallel to roofing board.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of femerell.This femerell comprises the first ventilating opening member that contains first opening, and this first opening allows circulation of air between the roof lower zone and the first ventilating opening member upper area.The roof also comprises and is suitable for the second ventilating opening member that is communicated with the regional fluid of first ventilating opening member top.The second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, and it allows circulation of air between second ventilating opening member top, the lower zone.At least one comprises fire-resistant Web materials in the first and second ventilating opening members, and it can prevent basically that floating ashes from entering by first opening or second opening.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of femerell, it comprises the first and second ventilating opening members.The first ventilating opening member comprises first opening, and this first opening allows circulation of air between the roof lower zone and the first ventilating opening member upper area.The second ventilating opening member is suitable for being communicated with the first ventilating opening member upper area fluid.The second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, and this second opening allows circulation of air between the zone, the second ventilating opening member above and below.At least one comprises that ashes and/or flame hinder structure in the first and second ventilating opening members, and it can prevent basically that floating ashes from entering via the opening of ventilating opening member.

This paper has a mind to make all these embodiment all to fall in the invention scope that discloses in the text.According to following with reference to accompanying drawing to some detailed description of preferred embodiment, these and other embodiment of the present invention will become obviously for those skilled in the art, the present invention is not limited to any one or a plurality of specific embodiment that discloses in the literary composition.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram, not necessarily draw in proportion, and it is intended to explanation, rather than the restriction embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 is the perspective illustration of roof parts, and it comprises an embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 2 is the front view of the second ventilating opening member of roof ventilation system shown in Figure 1

Fig. 3 A is the front view of the first ventilating opening member of roof ventilation system shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 B is the bottom view of the first ventilating opening member shown in Fig. 3 A.

Fig. 3 C is the top view of the first ventilating opening member shown in Fig. 3 A.

Fig. 3 D is the bottom perspective view of the first ventilating opening member shown in Fig. 3 A.

Fig. 4 A1 is the cutaway view of the embodiment of the baffle component that uses in a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 4 A2 is the perspective illustration of the baffle component part shown in Fig. 4 A1.

Fig. 4 A3 is the detail drawing of the cutaway view shown in Fig. 4 A1.

Fig. 4 B is the cutaway view of another embodiment of the baffle component that uses in a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 4 C is the cutaway view of another embodiment of the baffle component that uses in a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 4 D is the cutaway view of another embodiment of the baffle component that uses in a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 5 A is the schematic sectional view of roof parts, and it comprises an a kind of embodiment of ventilating system.

Fig. 5 B is another schematic sectional view of the roof parts shown in Fig. 5 A.

Fig. 6 A is the schematic sectional view of roof parts, and it comprises another embodiment of a kind of ventilating system.

Fig. 6 B is the schematic sectional view of roof parts, and it comprises another embodiment of a kind of ventilating system.

Fig. 7 is the perspective illustration of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Fig. 8 A is the side view of roof ventilation system shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 8 B is the front view of roof ventilation system shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 8 C is the top view of roof ventilation system shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 9 is the top perspective view according to first ventilation component of a kind of another embodiment of ventilating system.

Figure 10 A is the front view according to second ventilation component of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Figure 10 B is the front view according to second ventilation component of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Figure 10 C is the front view according to second ventilation component of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Figure 11 is the perspective illustration of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system.

Figure 12 is the perspective view that is provided with according to the building of the roof ventilation system of preferred embodiment.

Figure 13 is the cutaway view of another embodiment that is used for the baffle component of roof ventilation system.

Figure 14 A is the top view that is used for a kind of ventilating opening of roof ventilation system.

Figure 14 B is the top view that is used for the another kind of ventilating opening of roof ventilation system.

Figure 14 C is the top view that is used for the another kind of ventilating opening of roof ventilation system.

Figure 14 D is the side view cutaway drawing of ventilating opening shown in Figure 14 A.

Figure 14 E is the side view cutaway drawing of ventilating opening shown in Figure 14 B.

Figure 14 F is the side view cutaway drawing of ventilating opening shown in Figure 14 C.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the perspective illustration of roof parts, and it comprises the embodiment of the roof ventilation system 10 with ashes and/or flame obstruction structure.Show catamaran type ventilating system 10 especially, comprise the first ventilating opening member 100 and the second ventilating opening member 200.The example of catamaran type ventilating system is described in U.S. Patent No. 6050039 and No.6447390, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.With reference to Fig. 1, the first ventilating opening member 100 is called as " following water fender " or " main ventilating opening member " sometimes, and the second ventilating opening member 200 is called as " ventilator hole cover " or " secondary ventilating opening member " sometimes.The second ventilating opening member 200 can be placed on the first ventilating opening member 100.In other embodiments, the second ventilating opening member 200 can embed roof tiles on every side and not contact with the first ventilating opening member 100.In such embodiments, the second ventilating opening member 200 may or may not can be positioned on the first ventilating opening member 100, and is as explained in further detail below.The outward appearance of the roof cover piece 20 (such as roof tiles) of the shape of the second ventilating opening member 200 around can imitating, thus ventilating system 10 is visually merged with the outward appearance on roof

The first ventilating opening member 100 can be placed on the roofing board 50.In certain embodiments, protective layer 40 (as fire-resistant underlayment) can cover roofing board 50.Therefore, protective layer 40 can place between the roofing board 50 and the first ventilating opening member 100, as shown in Figure 1.In other constituted modes, the first ventilating opening member 100 is arranged on the roofing board 50, and protective layer 40 covers the part of the first ventilating opening member 100, so that the part of the first ventilating opening member 100 places between roofing board 50 and the protective layer 40.That refractory material comprises is generally missing of ignition when suffering flame or hot ashes, the material of fusing or burning.Refractory material includes but not limited to " fire proofing " as California building laws 702A part (Section 702A of the California Building Code) defined, and it comprises that its propagation of flame when carrying out test in 30 minutes according to ASTM E84 is no more than 25 and do not have a product of progreesive burning sign.Refractory material can be made of category-A material (ASTM E-108, NFPA 256).Be suitable for PCT Shen Qing Publication (the No.2001/40568PCTApp.Pub.No.2001/40568 to Kiik et al of the refractory protection of roofing underlayment in the people's such as Kiik that are entitled as " roofing underlayment " June 7 calendar year 2001; entitled " Roofing Underlayment; " published Jun.7; 2001) be described in, its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.In other embodiments, non-fire-resistant underlayment can use with the fire-resistant cap sheet that covers or seal underlayment.Also have among some embodiment, protective layer 40 can omit.

In certain embodiments, tile batten 30 (seeing Fig. 5 A and 6A) can be placed on (such as by placing on the protective layer 40) on the roofing board 50, to support cover piece 20 and form ventilative gap 32 (for example " lath chamber ") between roofing board 50 and cover piece 20.Constitute the tile batten that allows air communication to cross (" flowing through ") and can be used to increase ASV.In certain embodiments, tile batten 30 can be formed by refractory material.The example that is suitable for the refractory material of tile batten comprises metal and alloy, such as steel (as stainless steel), aluminium, zinc/aluminium alloy.Select as another kind, or except refractory material being used as tile batten, also can be to tile hanging row culture refractory process, as can use fire retardant or other fire-resistant chemical substances at tile batten.Fire-resistant tile batten can be from Metroll ofRichlands QLD, and Australia buys.

The first ventilating opening member 100 comprises the substrate 130 (seeing Fig. 3 A, 3C, 5A and 5B) with opening 110, circulation of air between the zone of its permission roofing board 50 (for example attic) below and the zone of the first ventilating opening member, 100 tops.In certain embodiments, opening 110 is essentially rectangle (for example having the size of about 19 " * 7 " or bigger).What be positioned at opening 110 is one or more baffle components 120, thereby can prevent basically that ashes or flame are by opening 110.This will be hereinafter more detailed description, in the use, air can flow into ventilative gap 32 from the zone of roofing board 50 belows by opening 110 and baffle component 120.Some air can pass through in the roof cover piece 20 and the opening between them from ventilative gap 32.Air also can flow through opening 210 (see figure 2)s in the second ventilating opening member 200 and arrive the zone of the second ventilating opening member, 200 tops.With facility, the air flow channel of describing in the literary composition generally enters the zone of top, roof up from the roofing board below for the sake of simplicity.Yet, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that ventilating system also can constitute can control even encourage other runners, as down air-flow substantially from the zone of the field flow orientation roofing board below of top, roof, for example by using the fan related with femerell.The U.S. Patent application No.2007/0207725 that is entitled as " being used for the apparatus and method that the solar energy house top board ventilates " (" Apparatus and Methods for ventilation of Solarroof Panels ") that some such structural forms were announced on September 6th, 2007 is described, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.

Fig. 2 is the front view 1 of the second ventilating opening member 200 shown in Figure 1.The second ventilating opening member 200 can comprise upper cover part 230 and kerve part 232.The second ventilating opening member 200 with upper cover part 230 and kerve part 232 shown in Figure 2 constitutes and is applicable to the roof with so-called " S shape " watt, so that watt align with upper cover part 230 and adjacent upward slope watt and descending, and kerve part 232 also watt is alignd with adjacent upward slope watt and descending.Upper cover part 230 can constitute and allow rainwater wander slot part 232 on earth, and kerve part 232 can allow rainwater flow down along pitched roof.Upper cover part 230 comprises the lid 233 by support 234 supportings, thereby forms the interval that air can therefrom pass between the main body 205 of the lid 233 and second ventilating opening member 200.Though embodiment shown in Figure 2 constitutes the roof that is used to have S shape watt, other embodiment can constitute can be combined with the roof with other types cover piece.For example, the second ventilating opening member 200 also can constitute the outward appearance of imitation so-called " M type " watt or plain tile.

The second ventilating opening member 200 also comprises opening 210, and it allows circulation of air between the zone of the zone (for example, ventilative gap 32) of main body 205 belows of the second ventilating opening member 200 and the second ventilating opening member, 200 tops.These openings 210 comprise one or more baffle components 220, and it can prevent basically that ashes or flame are by opening 210.Baffle component 220 can constitute by the mode that is similar to baffle component 120 in the first ventilating opening member 100.In addition, in certain embodiments, just the side in opening 110 and the opening 210 comprises baffle component, because in some arrangements, being provided with once the cover baffle component is enough to fully prevent the intrusion of ashes or flame.

The effect that baffle component is set in opening 110,210 is to reduce the flow velocity of air by opening 110,210.The target that prevents ashes or flame intrusion building should average out with the target that adequate ventilation is provided.A mode that obtains this balance is that only the side in opening 110,210 is provided with baffle component.In some arrangements, the baffle component only side in opening 110,210 is provided with, the first ventilating opening member 100 can be opened with respect to second ventilating opening member 200 sidesway, such as by the first ventilating opening member 100 is left the second ventilating opening member 200 and slope disposed thereon or descending place (seeing Fig. 6 A).These arrangements cause additional obstacle can for the ashes or the flame of invading by ventilating system 10, because ashes that enter by the second ventilating opening member 200 or flame must be extraly could be arrived the first ventilating opening member 100 by the air gap 32 along roofing board 50 segment distance of passing by.Force ashes or flame to flow for preventing that its intrusion may be effective especially to going up a slope.

Because baffle component 120,220 can constitute flow restriction, the first and second ventilating opening members 100,200 may need to readjust to take modified flow behavior into account.For example, in an arrangement, the first ventilating opening member 100 comprises baffle component 120 but the second ventilating opening member 200 does not have baffle plate, allows more air to flow through the second ventilating opening member 200.Because the second ventilating opening member 200 can allow the air-flow greater than the first ventilating opening member 100 in such embodiments, and the first additional ventilating opening member 100 can be set at an opening part again of roofing board 50.The first additional ventilating opening member 100 may also comprise one or more baffle components 120.The second ventilating opening member 200 can with these two first ventilating opening members 100 all fluid be communicated with, such as by accepting to arrive the air of the second ventilating opening member 200 via the ventilative gap 32 " open system ", see below Fig. 5 A and 5B and discuss from these two first ventilating opening members 100.In other embodiments, may need to comprise the second ventilating opening member 200, for example under the situation of the first ventilating opening member, 100 permissions greater than the air-flow of the second ventilating opening member 200 than the first ventilating opening member more than 100.

Fig. 3 A-3D illustrates several views of the first ventilating opening member 100 shown in Figure 1.The first ventilating opening member 100 comprises substrate 130, and it can place on the roofing board 50 or its top, such as placing (see figure 1) on the protective layer 40.In certain embodiments, substrate 130 generally is the plane, and this substrate can be on-plane surface in other embodiments, for example when roofing board is on-plane surface.Opening 110 permission air on the first ventilating opening member 100 flow through the hole on the roofing board 50.Opening 110 can comprise baffle component 120.Shown in Fig. 3 D, baffle component 120 can connect general plane member 130 at its two ends.Shown in Fig. 3 A and 3C, the first ventilating opening member 100 can comprise from general plane member 130 upwardly extending flanges 140.Flange 140 can prevent that sealing is along roofing board 50 (for example at protective layer more than 40) inlet opening 110.

In certain embodiments, the first ventilating opening member 100 shown in Fig. 3 A-3D can be inverted, so that flange 140 stretches out downwards from general plane member 130.In such arrangement, flange 140 can assist the first ventilating opening member by location, the hole on the roofing board 50.In other embodiments, baffle component can be located in the same side as the general plane member of flange, makes baffle component be positioned at flange.In also having some embodiment, two flanges are arranged on the first ventilating opening member, one protrudes upward preventing that rainwater from entering, and another stretches out downwards with the auxiliary first ventilating opening member 100 location.

Fig. 4 A1-4D represents the section of several exemplary baffle component 120.Though for simplicity baffle component is labeled as baffle component 120 among Fig. 4 A1-4D, the baffle component 120 among Fig. 4 A1-4D can be in ventilating system 10 as baffle component 120 and/or baffle component 220 (being that illustrated baffle component can be arranged in the first ventilating opening member 100, the second ventilating opening member 200 or the two).In addition, indicate air at the arrow shown in Fig. 4 A1-4D and be passed to runner above the baffle component 120 below the baffle component 120.One of runner shown in the ashes of baffle component 120 tops or flame can have to reverse basically is to pass through illustrated baffle component 120.

Baffle component 120 can by they with general plane member 130 in the connection of baffle component 120 terminations and keep relative position (seeing Fig. 3 D) mutually.Equally, baffle component 220 can keep relative position with the connection of the main body 205 of the second ventilating opening member 200 mutually by them.Therefore, baffle component 120,220 does not need directly to contact other baffle components, thereby the uniform basically runner between the baffle component is provided.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A1-4A3, the air that flows through baffle component 120 is run into the web 121 of baffle component 120, flows to flange between the baffle component 120 or the passageway between the edge part 122 along web 121 then.Shown in Fig. 4 A3, the air that goes out from an effluent of baffle component 120 passes the passageway of being defined by flange 122, and this passageway has width W and length L.In certain embodiments, W can less than or approximate 2.0 centimetres, preferably in the 1.7-2.0 cm range.In certain embodiments, L can greater than or approximate 2.5 centimetres (or greater than 2.86 centimetres), and preferred in 2.5-6.0 centimetre scope, or in narrower 2.86-5.72 centimetre scope.In addition, with reference to Fig. 4 A3, the angle α between web 121 and the flange 122 is more preferably less than 75 degree preferably less than 90 degree.

Fig. 4 B shows the structural form that is similar to Fig. 4 A, and just the angle between flange 122 and the web 121 requires strictness so, such as about 85-95 degree, or about 90 degree.Because turn to requirement not too tight at the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 B to the runner by baffle component 120, the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 B may have than air flow than the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A is easier.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 C, air is moving perpendicular to the roofing board surface current, then by baffle component 120 to run into web 121 greater than 90 angle betas (as the 90-110 degree) of spending, flow into the passageway between the flange 122 then.Web 121 can help air-flow is imported passageway between the flange 122.Angle α between Fig. 4 C median ventral plate 121 and the flange 122 is preferably between 45 degree and 135 degree, more preferably between 75 degree and 115 degree.

Baffle plate 120 has adopted the V-arrangement design among the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 D.Air is run into the bottom surface of inverted V-shaped baffle component 120, flows through the passageway between the adjacent screen member 120 then.

Ashes shown in Fig. 4 A-4D and/or flame hinder structure and comprise the upper guard-plate member 120A of extension and the under shield member 120B of extension.The upper guard-plate member that extends can comprise the edge part 122 of top 192 and the downward extension that is connected with top 192.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4D, top 192 and the edge part 122 that extends downwards are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of upper guard-plate member 120A.The under shield member 120B that extends can comprise bottom 198 and the 122 upwardly extending edge parts 122 that are connected with bottom 198.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4D, bottom 198 and upwardly extending edge part 122 are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of under shield member 120B.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A-4D, the longitudinal axis of upper guard-plate member 120A and under shield member 120B is parallel to each other basically, the edge part of upper and lower baffle component 122 is overlapping, form a gorge between the two, at least some pass through the circuitous path that part is formed by catwalk in the air that ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through.In certain embodiments, at least one gorge spreads all over the length of one of upper and lower baffle component and extends.At least one gorge spreads all over the length of one of upper and lower baffle component and extends, and its width can be less than or equal to 2.0 centimetres, and length is more than or equal to 2.5 centimetres.In certain embodiments, when in the field, roof ventilating opening being installed, the longitudinal axis of upper and

lower baffle component

120A, 120B constitutes separately and is arranged essentially parallel to the field, roof.

In certain embodiments, shown in Fig. 4 A-4B, upper guard-plate member 120A is included in the edge part 122 of a pair of downward extension that the both sides at top 192 connect.In addition, under shield member 120B can be included in a pair of upwardly extending edge part 122 of the both sides connection of bottom 198.Ventilating opening can also comprise that being similar to first extends the second extension upper guard-plate member 120A that upper guard-plate member 120A constitutes, and its longitudinal axis is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first extension upper guard-plate member 120A.One of edge part 122 of the first upper guard-plate member 120A can and the edge part 122 of under shield member 120B in first is overlapping and form gorge between the two.In addition, in the edge part of one of the edge part 122 of the second upper guard-plate member 120A and under shield member 120B second can be overlapping and form second gorge between the two, and at least some pass through the circuitous path that is partly formed by this second gorge in the air that ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through.

In certain embodiments, under shield member 120B type is included in a pair of upwardly extending edge part 122 of the both sides connection of bottom 198.In addition, upper guard-plate member 120A can be included in the edge part 122 of the downward extension that the both sides at top 192 connect.This ventilating opening can comprise that also second extends under shield member 120B, and it extends with first that under shield member 120B constitutes similarly and its longitudinal axis is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first extension under shield member 120B.One of edge part 122 of the first under shield member 120B can and the edge part 122 of upper guard-plate member 120A in first is overlapping and form gorge between the two.In addition, one of edge part 122 of the second under shield member 120B can and the edge part 122 of upper guard-plate member 120A in second overlapping and between the two, formed second gorge at least some pass through the circuitous path that is partly formed by this second gorge in the air that ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through.

Though Fig. 4 A-4D has illustrated some examples of the baffle component that can prevent basically that ashes or flame from invading, those skilled in the art will recognize that the usefulness that ashes or flame pass through that prevents of these examples will depend in part on concrete size and the angle that is used to constitute baffle component.For example, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 D, if the passageway between the baffle component 120 makes longer narrowlyer, then baffle component 120 can more effectively prevent ashes or flame intrusion.Yet longer narrower passageway also will delay the air velocity by baffle component.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that baffle component should construct to such an extent that yet the reduction degree that ashes or flame is blocked basically also make air-flow reduces to minimum.

Baffle component makes air pass through runner from an effluent of baffle component to opposite side.In certain embodiments, as in the structural form shown in Fig. 4 A and the 4D, runner comprises at least one turning to greater than 90 degree.In other embodiments, runner comprise at least one width less than or approximate 2.0 centimetres or passageway in the 1.7-2.0 cm range.For example, Fig. 4 A3 has illustrated the walkway clearance W that preferably meets this numerical limits.The passageway of restricted width can have greater than or approximate 2.5 centimetres length, preferably in 2.5-6.0 centimetre scope.Fig. 4 A3 has illustrated the passageway length L that preferably meets this numerical limits.

Done a test, with the performance of some structure of the baffle component 120 determining to constitute according to embodiment shown in Figure 13, this embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 B.In this test, the ventilating opening with different size has been done mutual comparison.In each tested ventilating opening, width W ₁Keep and length L ₂Identical, and width W ₂Be retained as and length L ₃Identical.In addition, upper and

lower baffle component

120A and 120B are defined the position and have mutually the same size and a shape.

Figure 14 A-C is the top view of the tested ventilating opening of expression, and Figure 14 D-F is the side view cutaway drawing of the ventilating opening shown in Figure 14 A-C.Shown in Figure 14 A-C, all three ventilating openings have the appearance and size of 19 " * 7 ".Because the baffle component 120 in three tested ventilating openings has adopted different size, each ventilating opening uses the baffle component 120 of varying number, and is constant with the appearance and size that keeps 19 " * 7 ".Figure 14 A and 14D represent first tested ventilating opening, the wherein W ₁=0.375 ", W ₂=0.5 ", W ₃=1.5 ".Figure 14 B and 14E represent second tested ventilating opening, the wherein W ₁=0.5 ", W ₂=1.0 ", W ₃=2.0 ".Figure 14 C and 14F represent the 3rd tested ventilating opening, wherein W ₁=0.75 ", W ₂=1.5 ", W ₃=3.0 ".

Testing arrangement comprises the ashes generator that is placed on tested ventilating opening top, and flammable filter medium is set below tested ventilating opening.Fan is housed, to produce on the ventilating opening from ashes generator and the air-flow by ventilating opening and filter medium.Insert the dry and soft pin of a hectogram in the ashes generator, its burning of igniting relief lasts about two minutes halfs to extinguishing.Take off any burning sign on flammable filter medium and observation and the record filtering medium then.Then other ventilating openings are repeated this test.Following table 1 has gathered test result, and size relevant with each tested ventilating opening and clean free draught area.Hereinafter will specifically discuss about clean free draught area, yet with regard to tested ventilating opening, clean free draught area is calculated as gap width W1 between the flange 122 of adjacent screen member 120 and multiply by the length of baffle component 120 (for each this length of tested ventilating opening is that 19 ") be multiply by the quantity in this gap again.

Table 1

Compare by covering the base apparatus that opening replaces with tested ventilating opening wherein, each tested ventilating opening has strengthened the defence that ashes are invaded.Result in the table 1 shows that the first tested ventilating opening has the ashes that improve than the second tested ventilating opening and invades defending performance.In addition, the first tested ventilating opening also has the clean free draught area that is higher than the second tested ventilating opening.

Result in the table 1 shows that also the 3rd tested ventilating opening provides best ashes to invade defending performance.It is believed that this part ground is that this has limited the path that ashes can pass through because the number of gaps between the adjacent screen member 120 reduces in the 3rd tested ventilating opening.Another factor that is believed to be helpful in the ashes inhibition of the 3rd tested ventilating opening is that this can be the chance that ashes extinguish provides bigger because the big ashes of the size of baffle component 120 have to just can pass ventilating opening through long distance.The clean free draught area of the 3rd tested ventilating opening is minimum.The result shows, yet that structure is similar to the 3rd tested ventilating opening size is bigger (as W ₁=1.0 ", W ₂=2.0 ", W ₃=4.0 " ventilating opening) will be kept ashes and invade the obstruction performance, increase clean free draught area than the 3rd tested ventilating opening simultaneously.The upper limit of baffle component size will depend on the type on the roof that ventilating opening will be set, size and other considerations of roof tiles.

Mention especially as elsewhere among the application, prevent that the target of ashes intrusion from must take into account the ventilation that provides enough.The result of current test shows, for the ventilating opening that constitutes by mode shown in Figure 13, the ventilating opening with bigger baffle component and less opening provides the bigger defence to ashes, but has reduced clean free draught area.Therefore, in some cases need be more than one this ventilating opening, so that enough ventilations to be provided.Result of the test also shows, for the ventilating opening that constitutes by mode shown in Figure 13, compare with ventilating opening with middle-sized baffle component and less opening, be provided with have more opening the ventilating opening of less baffle component bigger clean free draught area can be provided.

Fig. 5 A and 5B explanation are with reference to the air-flow in the catamaran type ventilating system of describing among Fig. 1-3D 10.As used herein, " catamaran type ventilating opening " comprises two ventilating openings, and one of them is fastened or connected to roofing board and another is set in one deck cover piece (for example, roof tiles), and these two ventilating openings do not interfix.As used herein, " monomer-type ventilating opening " comprises a kind of ventilating opening that is made of integrally formed parts, or as another form, the ventilating opening (for example shown in Figure 7) that a kind of wherein two or more individual components interfix.Fig. 5 A is a pitched roof cutaway view along inclined direction.Tile batten 30 crosses in the direction of ridge that is arranged essentially parallel to the roof and eaves, supports cover piece 20.Tile batten 30 separates cover piece 20 from roofing board 50, thereby ventilative gap 32 is provided.Fig. 5 B is a roof cutaway view along the direction vertical with incline direction (ridge and the eaves that promptly are parallel to the roof).In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 A and the 5B, the second ventilating opening member 200 is set directly at the top of the first ventilating opening member 100 basically.Fig. 5 A and 5B have illustrated one " open system ", it advantageously allows air to flow through ventilative gap 32, and (this can be regarded as to expand to basically and spreads all over some or all fields, roof, rather than be confined to be close to the zone of specific ventilating opening 10), and,, some air flow out through ventilative gap 32 so that can not flowing through the second ventilating opening member 200 in certain embodiments by the gap between the cover piece 20.One of roof ventilation system example that adopts open system is No. 6491579, the U.S. Patent No. of authorizing Harry O ' Hagin, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.

Yet as noted above, perhaps desirable mode is, in certain embodiments the first ventilating opening member 100 is located at the roof parts different with the second ventilating opening member 200.Embodiment of Fig. 6 A and 6B explanation, wherein the first ventilating opening member 100 with respect to the second ventilating opening member 200 at transverse shift.Fig. 6 A is a pitched roof cutaway view along inclined direction.Fig. 6 B is the roof cutaway view on the along inclined direction vertical direction.Shown in Fig. 6 A and 6B, air-flow is upwards by the first ventilating opening member 100, again by the ventilative gap 32 between roofing board 50 and the cover piece 20, until arriving the second ventilating opening member 200, then by the second ventilating opening member 200.It is also understood that some air-flow may allow between cover piece 20, do not pass through the second ventilating opening member 200 so that some air flows out from ventilative gap 32.In addition, although the above main direction of having described air-flow in some enforcements, other air streams also can exist in ventilative gap 32, comprise the air-flow on the direction opposite with above description.

Fig. 6 A has illustrated an embodiment, and wherein the first ventilating opening member 100 is arranged on the direction of fall position with respect to the second ventilating opening member 200.In this structural form, the tile batten 30 of flowing through can flow air along the slope, roof, so that can pass through tile batten 30 in ventilative gap 32 and flow towards the second ventilating opening member 200 to going up a slope from the air of the first ventilating opening member 100.The upward slope descending or offset the first ventilating opening member 100 with respect to the second ventilating opening member 200 in the skew of direction of fall or upward slope direction, can be used as the first ventilating opening member 100 with respect to the additional or alternative of the second ventilating opening member 200 in lateral shift.In other structural forms, the first and second ventilating opening members are lateral shift relatively, but basically not going up a slope or the direction of fall skew, so that the first and second ventilating opening members are identical along the position of the gradient on roof.

As mentioned above, the first ventilating opening member 100 with respect to the second ventilating opening member 200 (horizontal or upward slope/direction of fall) skew, can enter ventilating system 10 advantageously for ashes or flame further obstacle is set.Skew can be protected the people that walks on the roof such as fireman to drop by way of parenthesis or fall into hole in the roofing board.This is because if a people's pin falls into the second ventilating opening member 200, hole in the roofing board 50 (that is the hole of the first ventilating opening member 100, wherein is set) departed from the second ventilating opening member 200 just help to prevent that this hole is positioned at the position that can allow pin enter the roofing board hole.Therefore, if people's the foot-operated second ventilating opening member 200 of wearing is arranged, roofing board 50 just can stop that it falls.The skew of the first time and the second ventilating opening member 100,200 also can provide other performance advantages.For example, have been found that skew helps to prevent " back loads (backloading) " of ventilating system.After be carried in as taking place under the exceptional conditions such as high wind or storm wind, force air to flow through this ventilating system from the direction opposite with the design direction of this ventilating system.

Fig. 7 is the perspective illustration of another embodiment of roof ventilation system 10, wherein the first ventilating opening member 100 and the second ventilating opening member 200 can in conjunction with and form incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening.An example of incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6390914, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.Another kind of integrated monomer-type example ventilating opening is to disclose in the United States Patent (USP).Another example of incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. D549316, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.The what is called that monomer-type system shown in Figure 7 can be used in particular for being formed by the composite roof material makes up the roof.Fig. 8 A-8C is the possibility view of monomer-type system shown in Figure 7.

The mode that the first ventilating opening member 100 of monomer-type embodiment can be described with reference to Fig. 3 A-3D basically as mentioned constitutes.The second ventilating opening member 200 of monomer-type embodiment comprises that its end face has shutter seam 216 and its forward position that the angled top of opening 218 is arranged.Between the first ventilating opening member and the second ventilating opening member is cavity, wherein can comprise filter screen or other filtrations, invades to prevent fragment, strong wind rain and insect.This cavity can further comprise above-described baffle component 120, invades to prevent ashes or flame.In use, air by the first ventilating opening member 100 (it can comprise baffle component 120), again by the cavity between the first and second ventilating opening members 100,200, stitches 216 and/or opening 218 by shutter from the zone of roofing board below then.Monomer-type embodiment shown in Fig. 7-8C is useful for some application of paying attention to the installation convenience.

Fig. 9 is the top view according to the first ventilating opening member 300 of another embodiment.The first ventilating opening member 300 comprises and can place on the roofing board or the substrate 330 of its top, with the substrate 130 shown in Fig. 1 and 3 roughly the same.This substrate 330 comprises opening 310, and it allows air to flow between the zone above the roofing board lower zone and the first ventilating opening member 300.In an illustrated embodiment, opening 310 is a rectangle.Yet opening 310 can have different shapes, comprises circle or ellipse etc.Be provided with vertical retaining wall or flange 320 around opening 310.Retaining wall 320 can prevent that the water on the roofing board from flowing into opening 310.

Continuation is with reference to Fig. 9, and the first ventilating opening member 300 comprises that ashes hinder structure, and it is made of the Web materials 340 in the opening 310.In certain embodiments, Web materials 340 is a kind of fiber interweaving materials.In certain embodiments, Web materials 340 can be fire-retardant.This Web materials 340 can form with various materials, and one of them is a stainless steel.In a preferred embodiment, Web materials 340 is thick about 1/4 " the stainless steel velvet, make with AISI 434 type stainless steels.This special steel wool can tolerate the peak temperature (reaching 10 minutes and not damaged or degeneration) of above temperature of 700 degree and 800 degree, when the most of acids that run into usually by femerell, significantly do not degenerate, and the vibration that stands usually in the roof (vibration of bringing out as fan) can keep its characteristic down.In addition, this special steel wool provides the NFVA of every square feet about 133.28 square inches (promptly 7% tamp, 93% space).This is the every square feet of NFVA that is higher than woven wire, is used for blocking the opening in the following water fender (being main ventilating opening member) of the femerell that O ' Hagins company sells." thick galvanized steel wire netting is as thin filter screen to have some to use 1/4 in this commercially available water fender.For the following water fender opening of about 7 " * 19 ", these commercially available ventilating openings provide about 118 square inches NFVA.

Web materials can be by any being fixed on substrate 330 and/or the retaining wall 320 in the various distinct methods, comprising but be not limited to bonding, welding or the like.In certain embodiments, substrate 330 comprises that this crosspiece helps to support Web materials 340 from the crosspiece (not shown) of retaining wall 320 inside radial extensions.

In various embodiments, Web materials 340 can suppress floating ashes basically and enters.Compare with 220 with above-described baffle component 120, Web materials 340 can provide bigger ventilation.This baffle system is according to ICC acceptance criteria-AC132 (ICCAcceptance Criteria for Attic Vents-AC132) clean free draught area of restriction (NFVA) amount of attic ventilating opening.According to AC132, the NFVA amount is calculated by the area of section of the ventilating opening gas circuit of minimum or most critical.Theing contents are as follows of the 4.1.1 money of AC132 (in February, 2009) and 4.1.2 money:

" the free net area of any current path of 4.1.1. (gas circuit) should be total sectional area and deducts area by any physical barrier of the area of section of minimum in the gas circuit or most critical.This free net area is tackled in each gas circuit of erection unit and is determined.”

" NFVA of this equipment of 4.1.2. should be the clean free area sum that all gas circuits in the erection unit are determined.”

Consider femerell 10 shown in Figure 1 now, for the sake of simplicity, suppose that this ventilating opening comprises baffle component 120, but do not have baffle component 220.The NFVA of femerell 10 is that the opening 110 in the main ventilating opening member 100 deducts the obstacle to path.In other words, this NFVA is the summation of the area that provides of baffle component 120.With reference to Fig. 4 A3, NFVA multiply by the gross area that the quantity (this decides according to the baffle component number) of this gap W obtains again by length (i.e. the size of extending perpendicular to the figure paper plane, rather than the size L) area of gained that gap W multiply by baffle component 120.

This ventilating opening is compared with the femerell of the main ventilating opening member 300 of use shown in Figure 9.As noted above, Web materials 340 can provide with baffle component 120 (or 220) and compare the ability that the floating ashes of equal obstruction enter.Yet in certain embodiments, main ventilating opening member 300 provides the draft of increase.As noted above, the Web materials 340 that comprises the stainless steel velvet made from AISI 434 type stainless steels can provide the NFVA of every square feet about 133.28 square feet (promptly 7% tamp, 93% space).By contrast, adopt the ventilating opening of baffle component 120 and/or 220 to estimate to provide the void area of (in certain embodiments) about 15-18%.The NFVA that is increased by Web materials 340 becomes possibility so that the ventilating opening that adopts the system of main ventilating opening member 300 to reduce with quantity satisfies construction standards (requiring to reach the minimum flow of NFVA usually), and this provides competitive advantage for builder and roof contractor on total ventilation expense.

Figure 10 A is the front view according to the secondary ventilation mouth member 400 of an embodiment.Secondary ventilation mouth member 400 can be aspect nearly all secondary ventilation mouth member 200 with shown in Figure 2 identical, just set up Web materials 440.Particularly, secondary ventilation mouth member 400 comprises main body 405, and it limits chassis portion 432 and upper cover part 430.Be provided with in the position of upper cover part and cover 433, separate with for example spacer (not shown) and main body 405.This main body the 405th comprises the opening 410 that is positioned at upper cover part 430.410 places are provided with Web materials 440 at opening, by the downside that is fixed on any (comprise bonding, welding or the like) main body 405 in the various methods availalbes.Web materials 440 can comprise the material that the netted material of Fig. 9 described above adopts.Though the embodiment shown in Figure 10 A constitutes the roof that is used to have S shape watt, other embodiment also can constitute the roof that is used to have the other types cover piece.For example, the second ventilating opening member 400 also can constitute the outward appearance of imitation so-called " M shape " watt or plain tile.

Figure 10 B is the front view of secondary ventilation mouth member 400, identical with shown in Figure 10 A, and just Web materials 440 is located at main body 405 and covers between 433.Web materials 440 can be bonding by comprising, any in the multiple methods availalbe of welding or the like is fixed on main body 405 and/or cover on 433.

Figure 10 C is the front view of secondary ventilation mouth member 400, and identical with shown in Figure 10 A just also is located at main body 405 with Web materials 440 and covers between 433 except the downside that Web materials 440 is located at main body 405.Web materials 440 can be bonding by comprising, any in the multiple methods availalbe of welding or the like is fixed on main body 405 and/or cover on 433.

Figure 10 A-10C illustrates the Web materials 440 of being located at opening 410 belows or top.In other embodiments, Web materials 440 can partially or even wholly be arranged in the opening 410.

In a preferred embodiment, the ventilating opening that discloses in the literary composition is preferably designed so that according to the repetition junction figure of cover piece and engages with on every side roof cover piece (for example roof tiles).In other words, the ventilating opening of embodiment can be assembled and need not cutting or otherwise revise the next adaptive ventilating opening cover piece of roof cover piece with the roof cover piece.As mentioned above, secondary ventilation mouth member (include but not limited to describe in the literary composition all embodiment) can be offset 2-4 piece roof cover piece for example (include but not limited to literary composition described in catamaran type embodiment) at horizontal, upward slope direction, direction of fall from main ventilating opening member.When using with fire-resistant underlayment and construction material, the skew of this ventilating opening member has strengthened the defence to the intrusion of flame and ashes.

Figure 11 is the perspective illustration of another embodiment of a kind of roof ventilation system, wherein the first ventilating opening member 300 and the second ventilating opening member 400 can in conjunction with and form incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening.As mentioned above, the example of incorporate monomer-type example ventilating opening discloses in U.S. Patent No. 6390914 and No.D549316, and its full content is incorporated this paper into way of reference.The what is called that monomer-type system shown in Figure 11 can be used in particular for being formed by the composite roof material makes up the roof.

The first ventilating opening member 300 of monomer-type embodiment can constitute basically to be described with reference to Fig. 9 as mentioned.The first ventilating opening member 300 can comprise the Web materials 340 in the opening 310 of substrate 330.In an illustrated embodiment, opening 310 is a rectangle, but opening 310 can be various shape, comprises circle or ellipse etc.Vertical retaining wall or flange 320 are around opening 310.Retaining wall 320 can prevent that sealing is at roofing board inlet opening 310.

The second ventilating opening member 400 of monomer-type embodiment comprises that its end face has shutter seam 416 and its forward position that the angled top of opening 418 is arranged.Between the first ventilating opening member 300 and the second ventilating opening member 400 is cavity, can comprise that wherein filter screen or other filtrations are to prevent fragment, the intrusion of strong wind rain and insect.During use, air is from the roofing board lower zone, again by between the first and second ventilating opening members 300,400, then by shutter seam 416 and/or opening 418.Monomer-type embodiment shown in Figure 11 can be useful in the application of some emphasis installation conveniences.In addition, the embodiment of monomer-type is favourable, because tend to cross ventilating opening rather than enter with regard to the ventilating opening this point with regard to flame, its low Thickness Design can increase the obstruction to flame.This and high thickness vent design form contrast, as the skylight ventilating opening will to flame and ashes provide the nature inlet point and allow them pass blow vent.

Figure 12 is the perspective view that is equipped with according to the building 500 of the air vent systems 6,7 of an embodiment.This building has the roof 2 of band ridge 4 and two eaves 5.Field, roof 3 is limited between ridge 4 and each eaves 5 (shown in the figure one of them).Be understood that more complicated roof has field, plural roof 3.In one embodiment, at least one field, roof 3 of building 500 comprises a plurality of field, roof ventilating openings 6,7 (such as above-mentioned air vent) that are provided with ashes and/or flame obstruction structure.In illustrated embodiment, field, a plurality of roof ventilating opening 6 is arranged near the ridge 4, preferably is arranged essentially parallel to the ridge alignment.In certain embodiments, field, roof ventilating opening 6 separates 1-4 roof cover piece (as tile) with ridge 4.In illustrated embodiment, field, a plurality of roof ventilating opening 7 is arranged near the eaves 7, preferably is arranged essentially parallel to the eaves alignment.In certain embodiments, field, roof ventilating opening 7 separates 1-4 roof cover piece (as tile) with eaves 5.During use, the ventilating opening of arranging like this 6,7 promotes the air attic that flows through as shown in arrow 8.That is to say that air tends to flow into building (for example, entering the attic of building) by ventilating opening 7, air tends to flow out building by ventilating opening 6.In addition, can there be aforesaid lath chamber on the roof, and air also can be by its circulation.

Though the present invention has done disclosure in the environment of some embodiment and example, what those skilled in the art took it for granted is, scope of the present invention can be crossed the embodiment of concrete disclosure and be extended to other alternate embodiments and/or purposes and they some are significantly revised and equivalent processes.Therefore, this paper is not intended to the preferred embodiment of wherein concrete disclosure the present invention be limited.

Claims

1. field, roof ventilating opening comprises:

The first ventilating opening member, the described first ventilating opening member comprises first opening, and it allows circulation of air between roof lower zone and the described first ventilating opening member upper area; And

The second ventilating opening member, it is suitable for being communicated with the described first ventilating opening member upper area fluid, and the described second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, and it allows circulation of air between the zone, the described second ventilating opening member above and below,

At least one comprises baffle component in wherein said first opening and described second opening, described baffle component can prevent basically that floating ashes from entering, and described baffle component constitutes that its orientation is arranged essentially parallel to field, described roof when described ventilating opening is installed on the field, roof.

2. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said baffle component cause air to pass through runner from an effluent of described baffle plate to opposite side, and described runner comprises at least one turning to greater than 90 degree.

3. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said baffle component cause air from an effluent of described baffle component pass through to opposite side have less than or approximate at least one passageway of 2.0 centimetres width.

4. field, roof as claimed in claim 3 ventilating opening, wherein said at least one passageway have greater than or approximate 1.7 centimetres width.

5. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said baffle component cause air to pass through a plurality of passageways from an effluent of described baffle component to opposite side, described passageway respectively have less than or approximate 2.0 centimetres width.

6. field, roof as claimed in claim 5 ventilating opening, wherein said passageway respectively have greater than or approximate 1.7 centimetres and less than or approximate 2.0 centimetres width.

7. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said ventilating opening provide have about 15% and about 18% void area between clean free draught area.

8. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, the wherein said second ventilating opening member constitute the outward appearance of one or more roof tiles of imitation.

9. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member constitute that its orientation is arranged essentially parallel to field, described roof when described ventilating opening is installed on the field, roof.

10. field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening, wherein said baffle component prevents entering of flame basically.

11. a building comprises the roof with field, roof as claimed in claim 1 ventilating opening.

12. field, roof ventilating opening comprises:

The first ventilating opening member, the described first ventilating opening member comprises first opening, and it allows circulation of air between roof lower zone and the described first ventilating opening member upper area;

The second ventilating opening member, it is suitable for being communicated with the described first ventilating opening member upper area fluid, and the described second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, and it allows circulation of air between the zone, the described second ventilating opening member above and below; And

Ashes and/or flame hinder structure, it is connected in described first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member, the air of one of described first opening and described second opening flows through described ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through, and described ashes and/or flame hinder structure and comprises:

The upper guard-plate member that prolongs, it comprises top and at least one edge part that extends that is connected with described top downwards, described top and described at least one edge part that extends downwards are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of described upper guard-plate member; And

The under shield member that prolongs, it comprises bottom and at least one the upwardly extending edge part that is connected with described bottom, described bottom and described at least one upwardly extending edge part are arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of described under shield member;

The longitudinal axis of wherein said upper guard-plate member and described under shield member is parallel to each other basically, and the edge part overlaid of described upper guard-plate member and described under shield member and form gorge betwixt so that flow through described ashes/or at least some air that flame hinders structure pass through the circuitous path that partly forms by described gorge.

13. field, roof as claimed in claim 12 ventilating opening, the longitudinal axis of wherein said upper guard-plate member and described under shield member constitute separately, and its orientation is arranged essentially parallel to field, described roof when described ventilating opening is installed on the field, roof.

14. field, roof as claimed in claim 12 ventilating opening, wherein at least one gorge spreads all over the length extension of one of described upper guard-plate member and described under shield member.

15. field, roof as claimed in claim 12 ventilating opening, wherein said at least one gorge less than or approximate 2.0 centimetres and greater than or approximate 1.7 centimetres.

16. field, roof as claimed in claim 12 ventilating opening, the edge part of a pair of downward extension that the both sides that described at least one edge part that extends downwards of wherein said upper guard-plate member is included in described top connect.

17. field, roof as claimed in claim 16 ventilating opening, wherein:

Described at least one upwardly extending edge part of described under shield member is included in a pair of upwardly extending edge part of the both sides connection of described bottom;

Described upper guard-plate member comprises the first upper guard-plate member;

Described femerell comprises that also second prolongs the upper guard-plate member, it comprises the edge part of a pair of downward extension that the top is connected with described top with the described second upper guard-plate member, the edge part of described top and the described second upper guard-plate member is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the described second upper guard-plate member, and the longitudinal axis of described first upper guard-plate member and the described second upper guard-plate member is parallel to each other basically;

In the described edge part of one of edge part of the described first upper guard-plate member and described under shield member first is overlapping and form described gorge between the two; And

In the described edge part of one of edge part of the described second upper guard-plate member and described under shield member second is overlapping and form second gorge between the two, and at least some pass through the circuitous path that is partly formed by described second gorge in the air that described ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through.

18. field, roof as claimed in claim 12 ventilating opening, described at least one upwardly extending edge part of wherein said under shield member are included in a pair of upwardly extending edge part that the both sides of described bottom connect.

19. field, roof as claimed in claim 18 ventilating opening, wherein:

The edge part of a pair of downward extension that the both sides that described at least one edge part that extends downwards of described upper guard-plate member is included in described top connect;

Described under shield member comprises the first under shield member;

Described femerell comprises that also second prolongs the under shield member, it comprises a pair of upwardly extending edge part that the bottom is connected with described bottom with the described second under shield member, the edge part of described bottom and the described second under shield member is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the described second under shield member, and the longitudinal axis of described first under shield member and the described second under shield member is parallel to each other basically;

In the described edge part of one of edge part of the described first under shield member and described upper guard-plate member first is overlapping and form described gorge between the two; And

In the described edge part of one of edge part of the described second under shield member and described upper guard-plate member second is overlapping and form second gorge between the two, and at least some pass through the circuitous path that is partly formed by described second gorge in the air that described ashes and/or flame hinders structure so that flow through.

20. a roof plate comprises:

The part of roofing board, it comprises at least one roofing board opening;

The first ventilating opening member, it is installed in the described roofing board opening part in the described roofing board, and the described first ventilating opening member comprises first opening, and it allows circulation of air between described roof lower zone and the described first ventilating opening member upper area;

One deck roof cover piece is arranged on the described roofing board and with recirculation mode and is engaged with each other; And

The second ventilating opening member, it is communicated with the described first ventilating opening member upper area fluid, the described second ventilating opening member comprises second opening, it allows circulation of air between described second ventilating opening member top, the lower zone, the wherein said second ventilating opening member is arranged within described one deck roof cover piece basically

At least one comprises and can prevent the baffle component that floating ashes enter basically in wherein said first opening and described second opening, and the orientation of described baffle component is arranged essentially parallel to described roofing board.

21. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate, the wherein said second ventilating opening member substitute one or more described roof cover pieces and are engaged in roof cover piece on every side by recirculation mode.

22. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate, the wherein said second ventilating opening member is arranged to cover described first opening.

23. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate, the wherein said second ventilating opening member is with respect to the described first ventilating opening member lateral shift.

24. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate, wherein said first ventilating opening member upper area and the described second ventilating opening member lower zone are unlimited substantially for the cavity between described roof cover piece and the described roofing board.

25. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate, also comprise the 3rd ventilating opening member that is arranged on basically in the described roofing board, described the 3rd ventilating opening member comprises the 3rd opening, it allows circulation of air between described roof lower zone and described the 3rd ventilating opening member upper area, and the described second ventilating opening member is communicated with described the 3rd ventilating opening member upper area fluid.

26. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate; also comprise the roofing board protective layer of being located between described roofing board and the described roof cover piece; described protective layer comprises the protective layer opening that is superimposed on basically on the described roofing board opening, and described protective layer is formed by refractory material.

27. roof as claimed in claim 20 plate comprises that also at least one roof cover piece of being located under the described roof cover piece supports, described being supported between described roof cover piece and the described roofing board forms the air gap.

28. roof as claimed in claim 27 plate, wherein said at least one support is formed by refractory material.

29. roof as claimed in claim 27 plate, wherein the air of walking to described second opening from described roofing board opening flows through described the air gap.

30. a femerell comprises:

The first ventilating opening member, it comprises first opening that allows circulation of air between roof lower zone and the described first ventilating opening member upper area; And

At least one comprises fire-resistant Web materials in wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member, and it prevents that basically floating ashes from entering by described first opening or described second opening.

31. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials comprises the crossed fiber material.

32. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials comprises the stainless steel velvet.

33. femerell as claimed in claim 32, wherein said steel wool is made with the AISI434 stainless steel.

34. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials about 1/4 is " thick.

35. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials provide the clean free draught area that has greater than 125 square feet every square feet.

36. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials provide the clean free draught area that has greater than about 80% open area.

37. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said Web materials provide the clean free draught area that has greater than about 90% open area.

38. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member comprise described fire-resistant Web materials.

Its orientation is arranged essentially parallel to the field, roof when described ventilating opening is installed on the field, described roof 39. femerell as claimed in claim 30, wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member constitute.

40. femerell as claimed in claim 30, the wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member in conjunction with and form incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening.

41. a building comprises the roof with femerell as claimed in claim 30.

42. a femerell comprises:

The first ventilating opening member, it comprises first opening, described first opening allows circulation of air between roof lower zone and the described first ventilating opening member upper area; And

At least one comprises that ashes hinder structure in wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member, and it prevents that basically floating ashes from entering by the opening of described ventilating opening member.

Comprise that (1) constitutes when described ventilating opening is installed on described roof field timebase and be parallel to the baffle component of field, roof and at least one side in (2) fire-resistant Web materials on this 43. femerell as claimed in claim 42, wherein said ashes hinder structure.

44. femerell as claimed in claim 42, the wherein said first ventilating opening member and the described second ventilating opening member in conjunction with and form incorporate monomer-type ventilating opening.

45. a building comprises the roof with femerell as claimed in claim 42.