CN102185639A - Characteristic analyzer used for low-voltage power line carrier wave channel - Google Patents
Characteristic analyzer used for low-voltage power line carrier wave channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a characteristic analyzer used for a low-voltage power line carrier wave channel, wherein the analyzer comprises a panel, a power plate, a function plate I, a function plate II and a power amplification plate, can complete the functions such as the analysis on low-voltage power line transmission characteristic, multi-path fading analysis, noise analysis, impedance measurement and the like, and provides scientific basis for selecting the carrier wave frequency and carrier wave technology of the power line carrier wave communication of the electric consumption information collecting system.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of analyzer, be specifically related to a kind of signature analysis instrument that is used for the low voltage power line carrier channel.
Background technology:
Power line carrier is the distinctive communication mode of electric power system, power line carrier communication is meant and utilizes existing power line, by carrier system analog signal or digital signal carried out the technology of high-speed transfer, and maximum characteristics are not need to set up again network, as long as live wire just can carry out transfer of data.
The power consumer power information acquisition system construction that develops into today of voltage power-line carrier communication technology provides convenient, the most most economical communication resource, satisfied the primary demand of user power utilization information gathering, established necessary base for State Grid Corporation of China works out the correlated carrier wave communication technology standard.Be mature on the whole the opportunity of at present comprehensively unified voltage power-line carrier communication technology physical layer, link layer and network layer technical standard, for realize collecting device interconnect and exchange provides feasibility.
But low-voltage power line exists diversity of settings noise (comprising coloured background noise, narrow-band noise, asynchronous recurrent pulses noise), property synchronizing cycle impulsive noise and random pulses to make an uproar, and load variations is frequent on the low-voltage power line, the line impedance amplitude of variation is bigger, and this can cause very big decay to carrier signal.We can say that the voltage electricity line is one and constantly changes " filter " that the characteristic of this " filter " is continuous the variation with the different of place and time.The signal transmission of low-voltage power line also is accompanied by multipath effect.Transmit through too much bar power line path arriving signal receiving terminal, the signal that mulitpath arrives has different time-delays, different channel gains.The carrier wave acknowledge(ment) signal is for transmitting, and usually all with tangible distortion, receiver has become the key factor of its performance of decision to the resolving power of channel multi-path parameter Estimation.For the power line carrier communication net, the low voltage power line carrier channel is because the frequency selective fading that causes of multipath, is different for the carrier signal transmission characteristic of different frequency, and the power line network of different topology structure also has different Network Transmission characteristics.
Summary of the invention:
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of analyzer, in single device, power line is carried out noise analysis, signal spectral analysis, Transmission characteristics and impedance analysis, for the frequency of carrier signal of power information acquisition system power line carrier communication and the selection of ZAP provide scientific basis.
A kind of signature analysis instrument that is used for the low voltage power line carrier channel provided by the invention, its improvements are that described analyzer is made up of panel, power panel, feature board I, feature board II and power board; Described panel comprises LCD, button, encoder and potentiometer; Described power panel comprises high performance switch power supply and signal coupling circuit; Described function version I comprises noise analysis module and man-machine interface; Described function version II comprises impedance analysis module and transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module; Described power board comprises the power amplifier of high bandwidth;
Signal is passed to described noise analysis functional module, described impedance analysis module and described transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module respectively behind described signal coupling circuit; Described impedance analysis module and described transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module transfer data to by serial ports and deposit buffer memory in after the described man-machine interface and pass through liquid crystal display displays; Described panel, described power panel, described feature board I, described feature board II and described power board adopt the circuit board pluggable mode.
The signature analysis instrument of first preferred version provided by the invention, its improvements are, the described man-machine interface of described feature board I comprises processor, clock circuit, reset circuit, parameter and data storage circuit, signal inputs such as button, encoder, potentiometer on the real time scan panel, control sampling configuration and speed, and the result is shown on LCD.
The signature analysis instrument of second preferred version provided by the invention, its improvements are that the described noise analysis module of described feature board I comprises noise real-time waveform analysis circuit and spectrum analyzer circuit; Described real-time waveform analysis circuit comprises AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit, AD sample circuit, FIFO buffer memory and signal trigger; Carry out the AD sampling behind the described signal process AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit, deposit the FIFO buffer memory in.
The signature analysis instrument of the 3rd preferred version provided by the invention, its improvements are that the described impedance analysis module of described feature board II comprises signal source, power divider, directional coupler, width of cloth phase treatment circuit and AD sample circuit; Described signal carries out the amplitude ratio of reflection wave signal and incident wave signal behind the treatment circuit mutually by power divider and the width of cloth, is depositing buffer memory in by the AD sampling.
The signature analysis instrument of the 4th preferred version provided by the invention, its improvements are that the described transmission characteristic of described feature board II and multipath fading analysis module comprise swept signal source, signal gain control circuit and test wave circuit; The transmission characteristic of power line network adopts the frequency sweep principle to measure, swept signal source is injected into the signal of setting power in the power line network, receiving terminal can be measured the amplitude that receives signal by testing wave circuit, carry out sweep measurement output by the mode of frequency step, draw the transfer curve of two port power line networks.
The signature analysis instrument of more preferably scheme provided by the invention, its improvements are that described processor is the ARM controller.
The signature analysis instrument of another preferred version provided by the invention, its improvements are that described spectrum analyzer circuit comprises signal conditioning circuit, mixing and I/Q modulation circuit, local oscillation signal source and AD sample circuit; Signal carries out the mixing down-converted through behind the signal conditioning circuit, and carries out the I/Q modulation, carries out the AD sampling behind the signal experience ripple of modulation back, sends into described processor.
The signature analysis instrument of a preferred version more provided by the invention, its improvements are that described AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit comprises signal attenuation, impedance conversion, signal programmable amplifying circuit; Signal carries out exporting after the signal attenuation behind signal attenuation, impedance conversion, signal programmable amplifying circuit again.
The signature analysis instrument of a preferred version more provided by the invention, its improvements are that described signal conditioning circuit comprises signal attenuation circuit and the low-pass filter circuit that connects successively.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention provides scientific basis for the frequency of carrier signal of power information acquisition system power line carrier communication and the selection of ZAP.
On-the-spot test is convenient in the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of analyzer provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of analyzer provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is real-time waveform analysis principle figure provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is a theory of spectrum analysis block diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is an impedance measurement principle block diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is transmission characteristic provided by the invention and multipath fading analysis principle block diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Analyzer mainly is made up of panel, power panel, feature board I, feature board II and power board.Its block diagram as shown in Figure 1.
(1) panel
Panel mainly comprises TFT LCD, button, encoder and potentiometer.Sampling configuration and speed are controlled in signal inputs such as button, encoder, potentiometer on the function version I real time scan panel, and the result is shown on the TFT display.
(2) power panel
Power panel comprises two parts function, the one, adopt the high performance switch power supply, input AC 220V voltage produces 4 required main DC voltages of each feature board of analyzer, comprise 12V ,-12V, 5.7V and-5.7V; The 2nd, the carrier signal that analyzer is produced is coupled on the power line.
(3) feature board I
Feature board I comprises noise analysis module and man-machine interface.
(human interface function) comprises processor, clock circuit, reset circuit, parameter and data storage circuit.
The noise analysis module comprises the two large divisions: real-time waveform analysis circuit and spectrum analyzer circuit.
Real-time waveform analyze by: AFE (analog front end) signal condition, AD sample circuit, FIFO buffer memory, hardware trigger circuit are formed, and its schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3.Operation principle is: power line signal enters the analog signal processing circuit of function version I after the power panel coupling, after the AD conversion, primary processor reads transformation result by fifo circuit, deposits buffer memory in through calculation process such as spectrum analyses, shows through LCDs again.
1) AFE (analog front end) signal condition
AFE (analog front end) comprises signal attenuation, impedance conversion, the program control amplification of signal and signal attenuation four parts.Passive network is adopted in signal attenuation, is essentially a kind of balanced bridge.Lower frequency shows as the electric resistance partial pressure decay, shows as the decay of reactance dividing potential drop in the time of high frequency, can realize the signal attenuation in the big frequency band range.
Because the sending-end impedance of tested low-voltage power line is lower, in order to reduce of the influence of signals sampling part, reduce the distortion factor of signal to input signal, need carry out impedance conversion, improve the impedance of input.This analysis instrument adopts J-FET type operational amplifier to realize the conversion of impedance.When signal was more weak, signal demand amplified.
2) AD conversion
AD conversion and FIFO are the cores of front-end collection data.Signal is sampled via AD, is transformed into digital signal and sends into FIFO and carry out buffer memory.The systematic sampling precision is 10, maximum sampling rate 75MSPS, dynamic range 56dB.
3) sampling clock
Sampling clock is very important in the whole data collection system, and it participates in ADC sampling and FIFO storage directly, and hardware trigger.The shake of sampling clock is directly connected to the precision of sampled data.
4) signal triggering
Circuits for triggering are to carry out signal sampling in order to guarantee at correct signal edge, guarantee that simultaneously sampled data can show on LCD stably.The circuits for triggering course of work is: reset, begin to trigger that AD sampling is completely protected with FIFO storage, pre-sampling, sampling, data, data extract.Triggering mode is divided into automatic triggering and single triggers.Automatically trigger and be used for observing the noise dynamic change, single triggers and is used for observing the noise of once gathering.
Spectrum analysis is made up of functional circuits such as signal condition, local oscillation signal source, mixing and I/Q modulation, AD samplings, and its schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4.
In order to realize than the spectrum analysis in the great dynamic range, must carry out the mixing down-converted to measured signal, and carry out the I/Q modulation, carry out the AD sampling behind the signal experience ripple of modulation back, send into processor then and handle.Change by local oscillation signal being carried out frequency sweep mode, can realize the spectrum analysis of high bandwidth.Do the FFT conversion after will sampling through the signal of intermediate frequency filtering simultaneously, can realize the spectrum analysis of the high frequency resolution of signal in the arrowband scope.
The advantage of comprehensive spectrum analysis of this analysis instrument and frequency sweep spectrum analysis adopts the mixed type spectrum analysis, and its schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4.The zero intermediate frequency mixing is adopted in the frequency sweep spectrum analysis, and local oscillation signal adopts the 10MHz intermediate-freuqncy signal, and the I/Q modulator is made up of 90-degree phase shifter, two frequency mixers, filters.If requiring frequency resolution is in the 100Hz, can directly carry out the FFT spectrum analysis to the signal that is lower than 100kHz.The pass of frequency resolution and signal bandwidth is: f=F/N, and wherein f is a frequency resolution, and F is the signal sampling frequency, and N is a sampling number.For the processor that this programme is selected for use, N is 1024 to the maximum.
1. signal amplifies and gain controlling
AFE (analog front end) adopts variable gain amplifier AD8331.AD8331 is a single channel, ultra-low noise, linear dB variable gain amplifier (VGA), can be used as the low noise variable gain element, and frequency is up to 120MHz.The built-in ultra-low noise preamplifier of this device (LNA), a 48dB gain ranging
VGA and an optional gain post amplifier with adjustable output limiting facility.The LNA gain is 19dB, has the output of single-ended input and difference.In the practical application, used a resistance to regulate LNA input impedance,, thereby do not influenced noiseproof feature so that be complementary with signal source.
2. mixing and I/Q modulation
Frequency mixer (with which is corresponding in the accompanying drawing) (or claiming frequency converter or multiplier) is to be used for the circuit unit of signal from certain band shifting to another frequency range.The local oscillation signal of a signal and a higher level is input to frequency mixer simultaneously, and it is the medium-frequency IF signal that frequency mixer is exported required sideband signals.The output frequency of frequency mixer comprises two main sideband: IF=LO ± RF (LO: local frequency); This programme frequency mixer adopts AD8333, and inside comprises binary channels quadrature (I/Q) demodulator and phase shifter, produces that two amplitudes equate, the intermediate frequency of quadrature in phase is exported.Sending into ADC after the two-way i/q signal of AD8333 output amplifies through operational amplifier samples.
3. test ripple
Wave detector is a circuit of passing judgment on the input power size.The output voltage of testing wave circuit change can reflected input signal power variation, that adopt here is logarithmic amplifier AD8307.AD8307 is a 500MHz demodulating logarithmic amplifier based on continuous compress technique, and the dynamic range of 92dB can be provided, even still can provide the 88dB dynamic range under up to the frequency of 100MHz, its error is ± 1dB.Utilize the great dynamic range of AD8307 can detect the small-signal of 56 μ V and the large-signal of 2.2V.Signal adopts single-ended input, and during operate as normal, logarithm is-84dBm that slope is about 20mV/dB zero point.
Function version II comprises impedance analysis module and transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module.
The impedance measurement actual measurement be the reflection coefficient of one port network, the amplitude by measuring reflected wave and incident wave signal is than the impedance that just can draw current network.After a step pulse is added to test line, will produce reflection at the impedance discontinuity point.Its principle as shown in Figure 5.Known source impedance Z0 then just can calculate the size of measured point impedance according to reflection coefficient S21.
Reflection coefficient S21=R/T.Wherein: R is a reflex amplitude, and T is the incident wave amplitude.
Can get network impedance ZDUT:ZDUT=Z0/* (1+S21)/(1-S21) thus.
I) power divider
Power divider is the passive device of a low consumption, and it is divided into two outputs to an input signal, has constant amplitude, homophase between output signal, isolates three characteristics mutually.Directional coupler has directionality, can realize directional couple to the signal in the transmission line, distinguishes incident wave and reflected wave; Directional coupler coupled reflection ripple can draw the signal amplitude of reflected wave through the coupling detection.
II) width of cloth is measured mutually
That width of cloth phase process chip is selected for use is AD8302, is used to measure two amplitude and phase places between the independent input signal.The broadband logarithmic amplifier of built-in two precision-matched of AD8302, wide-band linearity multiplier/phase discriminator, the accurate reference voltage source of 1.8V, and simulation export ratio computing circuit.Input reference signal is-60dBm to 0dBm (reference impedance 50 Ω) that the corresponding dynamic scope is 60dB.AD8302 output+/-provide accurate amplitude measurement in the scope of 30dB, slope is 30mV/dB; The phase measurement scope is 0 ° to 180 °, and slope is the 10mV/ degree.
Transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module comprise swept signal source, signal gain control circuit and test wave circuit; The transmission characteristic of power line network adopts the frequency sweep principle to measure, swept signal source is injected into the signal of setting power in the power line network, receiving terminal can be measured the amplitude that receives signal by testing wave circuit, carry out sweep measurement output by the mode of frequency step, draw the transfer curve of two port power line networks.
The multipath fading analysis to measure be a multiport power line network, measuring principle is similar with the transmission characteristic of measuring two-port network.
Transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis principle block diagram are as shown in Figure 6.
I) swept signal source
Swept signal source adopts Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS), can accurately adjust signal frequency and phase place fast under the control of digitial controller, possesses higher frequency and phase resolution.
Ii) swept-frequency signal is amplified and gain controlling
Because the power line impedance excursion is bigger, when load was heavier on the power line, impedance can be hanged down to below 1 ohm, therefore needed bigger transmitting power if drive low-impedance network, and the output signal of DDS signal source need be carried out power amplification.
Should be noted that at last: only illustrate that in conjunction with the foregoing description technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit.Those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: those skilled in the art can make amendment or are equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, but these modifications or change are all among the claim protection range that application is awaited the reply.
Claims (9)
1. a signature analysis instrument that is used for the low voltage power line carrier channel is characterized in that, described analyzer is made up of panel, power panel, feature board I, feature board II and power board; Described panel comprises LCD, button, encoder and potentiometer; Described power panel comprises high performance switch power supply and signal coupling circuit; Described function version I comprises noise analysis module and man-machine interface; Described function version II comprises impedance analysis module and transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module; Described power board comprises the power amplifier of high bandwidth;
Signal is passed to described noise analysis functional module, described impedance analysis module and described transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module respectively behind described signal coupling circuit; Described impedance analysis module and described transmission characteristic and multipath fading analysis module transfer data to by serial ports and deposit buffer memory in after the described man-machine interface and pass through liquid crystal display displays; Described panel, described power panel, described feature board I, described feature board II and described power board adopt the circuit board pluggable mode.
2. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described man-machine interface of described feature board I comprises processor, clock circuit, reset circuit, parameter and data storage circuit, signal inputs such as button, encoder, potentiometer on the real time scan panel, control sampling configuration and speed, and the result is shown on LCD.
3. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described noise analysis module of described feature board I comprises noise real-time waveform analysis circuit and spectrum analyzer circuit; Described real-time waveform analysis circuit comprises AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit, AD sample circuit, FIFO buffer memory and signal trigger; Carry out the AD sampling behind the described signal process AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit, deposit the FIFO buffer memory in.
4. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described impedance analysis module of described feature board II comprises signal source, power divider, directional coupler, width of cloth phase treatment circuit and AD sample circuit; Described signal carries out the amplitude ratio of reflection wave signal and incident wave signal behind the treatment circuit mutually by power divider and the width of cloth, is depositing buffer memory in by the AD sampling.
5. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described transmission characteristic of described feature board II and multipath fading analysis module comprise swept signal source, signal gain control circuit and test wave circuit; The transmission characteristic of power line network adopts the frequency sweep principle to measure, swept signal source is injected into the signal of setting power in the power line network, receiving terminal can be measured the amplitude that receives signal by testing wave circuit, carry out sweep measurement output by the mode of frequency step, draw the transfer curve of two port power line networks.
6. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described processor is the ARM controller.
7. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described spectrum analyzer circuit comprises signal conditioning circuit, mixing and I/Q modulation circuit, local oscillation signal source and AD sample circuit; Signal carries out the mixing down-converted through behind the signal conditioning circuit, and carries out the I/Q modulation, carries out the AD sampling behind the signal experience ripple of modulation back, sends into described processor.
8. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described AFE (analog front end) signal conditioning circuit comprises signal attenuation, impedance conversion, signal programmable amplifying circuit; Signal carries out exporting after the signal attenuation behind signal attenuation, impedance conversion, signal programmable amplifying circuit again.
9. signature analysis instrument as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described signal conditioning circuit comprises signal attenuation circuit and the low-pass filter circuit that connects successively.
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| CN104184494A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-03 | 国家电网公司 | Testing system and method for broadband power line carrier channel access resistance |
| CN105915266A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-31 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Multi-parameter estimations based power line state monitoring method |
| CN116800212A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-09-22 | 中北大学 | Gain-adjustable non-contact ultrasonic receiving signal processing circuit with clamping function |
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| CN104184494A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-03 | 国家电网公司 | Testing system and method for broadband power line carrier channel access resistance |
| CN104184494B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-09-21 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of test system and method for broadband power line carrier channel access impedance |
| CN105915266A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-31 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Multi-parameter estimations based power line state monitoring method |
| CN105915266B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-09-03 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Power line state monitoring method for multi-parameter estimation |
| CN116800212A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-09-22 | 中北大学 | Gain-adjustable non-contact ultrasonic receiving signal processing circuit with clamping function |
| CN116800212B (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-03 | 中北大学 | Gain-adjustable non-contact ultrasonic receiving signal processing circuit with clamping function |
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