CN102183446A - Device and method for measuring sizes of flexible pores on basis of capillary pressure and viscous force grading - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring sizes of flexible pores on basis of capillary pressure and viscous force grading Download PDFInfo
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- CN102183446A CN102183446A CN2011100548493A CN201110054849A CN102183446A CN 102183446 A CN102183446 A CN 102183446A CN 2011100548493 A CN2011100548493 A CN 2011100548493A CN 201110054849 A CN201110054849 A CN 201110054849A CN 102183446 A CN102183446 A CN 102183446A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for horizontally measuring sizes and distribution of capillary pores on the basis of capillary pressure and viscous force grading and along the plane of a flexible sample. By the device and the method, deformation and size distortion of a flexible material caused by pressurizing and vacuumizing are avoided; and the defect that sizes of nano-grade pores are difficult to measure by a vertical mass grading method is overcome. An equation is established according to a capillary pressure and viscous force balance principle; a method for performing subtraction on liquid content of the adjacent fractions during osmotic balance of the liquid to the flexible sample is provided; corresponding aperture data is acquired according to a fraction liquid-containing formula and an aperture equation provided by the inventor. The test device is designed and comprises a sample-clamping and tension-adjusting mechanism, a free section inclined angle adjusting mechanism and a multi-head parallel cutting device. A residual liquid collecting and calculating method is adopted, so that measuring precision and reproducibility are improved. The method and the device are simple in operation, high in precision and high in data reproducibility. By the method and the device, practicability is achieved; and nano dimension aperture distribution of the flexible material can be quantitatively measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flexible capillary aperture Determination of distribution apparatus and method.
Background technology
The microcellular structure of flexible material has significant impact to its performance.Particularly the pore structure of fabric all is vital for its wet processing and the wet comfortableness of heat.Pore aggregate as both ends open, partial order, wettability of fabrics is common and its pore distribution is closely related, because no matter be to wet to process or take in the process, transporting of moisture, organic solvent and sweat all mainly is to carry out in pore, and processes such as the absorption that wherein relates to, diffusion, infiltration, evaporation all depend on the structure (shape, roughness, size, distribution etc.) of pore.Complicacy in view of fabric construction, the method of measuring wetting property of the fabric for a long time mostly is than the pore tolerance on the large scale more, mainly comprise: capillary wicking method, sessile drop method, sedimentation etc., the pore structure direct correlation with fabric owing to fail, restricted the essence of further investigation fabric wetting behavior and further quantification measure and to the accurate control of above-mentioned each process.Applicant in earlier stage declared patent of invention (application number: 200910194353.9), but also do not see the relevant report that utilizes liquid capillary pressure and viscous force to carry out fractionation testing flexibility capillary pore diameter distribution so far along the pore diameter distribution method of testing on fabric plane based on the quality grading method.The quality grading method can only be measured the aperture of tens microns-millimeter magnitudes because the limitation of vertical gravity effect is difficult to manifest to the grading of liquid in the small hole.And the driving force of horizontal capillary percolation depends primarily on the competition between viscous force and the capillary pressure, the motion state difference of liquid in the hole that formula that the applicant derives and method of testing can disclose the nanometer level, and then hole dimension and the distribution that can measure and calculate nanoscale according to correlation parameter.These data and the complementation of quality grading method pore size distribution data can be contained the Size Distribution data of nano-micrometre-millimeter, can more fully react the microcellular structure of flexible material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of measurements and calculations method that adopts capillary pressure-viscous force stage method to flexible capillary pore diameter distribution is provided, the present invention can measure the distribution of nanoscale along capillary aperture, print plane, and can regulate and control test specification and precision flexibly by the governing stage partial width, solved the deficiency that the quality grading method can not be measured the nanometer range pore diameter distribution.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Relate to a kind of along continuous straight runs based on capillary pressure and viscous force classification and measure device along flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution, comprising: print horizontally suspends frame mounting, dailies roll winding apparatus, liquid tank, timer and little cutter sweep of statistics fraction.,, measure its liquid content and calculate corresponding pore size distribution data and chart when the horizontal print wettability equilibrium by liquid along cut into little of some fractions that are used for statistical treatment perpendicular to liquid working direction print wetted portions.
Described print horizontally suspends the rectangular frame device and is used to hang the rectangle print and carries out horizontal wicking, this device is made up of with a plurality of adjuster bars that are connected two horizontal bar clevis plates, clamping plate are clamped the print main body along its length from both sides, the print front end leaves the not free section of clamping of fraction, but distance makes print reach suitable tension force between adjuster bar lateral adjustments clamping plate.
Described dailies roll winding apparatus is used for the clamping print and immerses the freedom section of liquid and its tension force of adjusting that passes through to reel.This device is by a pair of vertical and be fixed in the back up pad of base plate and the turning axle of a fastening print is formed, and this axle passes two plates, and the one end has turning handle and self-locking mechanism, regulates also fixing print of the free section tension force of print by the rotation fastener shaft.
Described liquid tank is used to fill the wetting liquid of test and collecting device is put into bottom land, and liquid level is wanted the fastening turning axle of submergence collecting device.Trench bottom is equipped with a plurality of adjusting screw, is used for regulating height and keeps liquid level.Stretch out that a free section print that liquid bath links to each other with clamping plate keeps suitable tight state and from the horizontal by 1-10 degree inclination angle by highly regulating to make.Print tension force soaks behind the liquid center section with free section and does not produce that to subside sagging be foundation; Angular adjustment is to as far as possible little, and must not to contact groove edge be principle to eliminate gravity shadow, a free section edge to keep approaching horizontal attitude as far as possible.
Little cutter sweep of described fraction is used for little of many fractions of accurate parallel cutting simultaneously, eliminates the long content liquid that causes owing to the liquid infiltration of shear time as far as possible and changes at the print each several part, and then eliminate the test and the error of calculation;
The liquid that sticks on the cutter must be calculated in the lump in the fraction liquid content during little cutting of described fraction;
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of along continuous straight runs measurements and calculations based on capillary pressure and viscous force classification, may further comprise the steps along flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution:
Step 1 is carried out pre-treatment to print, removes surface contaminants;
Step 2, the experimentation control moisture temperature is constant;
Step 3 will long 0.5-2m, and the print of wide 0.05-0.5m clamps with the bar shaped clamping plate, the free section that front end is reserved certain-length is used for reeling and placing bottom land, regulate lateral separation between clamping plate with adjuster bar, print is suitably tightened, not sinking with wetting back center section is limit;
Step 4 is regulated the liquid tank height, makes the free section of print as far as possible little with horizontal sextant angle, but can not contact trough rim;
Step 5 adds wetting liquid, makes it to flood the axle of winding stand, picks up counting simultaneously, and record different time liquid frontal line no longer obviously advances until liquid apart from the distance of liquid level, and time this moment is as the time-parameters in the formula of substitution calculated hole diameters distribution;
Step 6 cuts into the little fillet of a plurality of rectangles with little cutter sweep of fraction along soaking part simultaneously perpendicular to liquid infiltration direction, and little width is D
i, count each seepage distance H of little from the print metal line
1, H
2, H
3... H
nCorrespond to D successively
1, D
1+ D
2, D
1+ D
2+ D
3... D
1+ D
2+ D
3+ ... + D
n
Step 7 weighs up each weight in wet base of wet little, weighs up its dry weight after the drying more respectively, deducts the liquid content G that dry weight obtains little of each fraction with weight in wet base
i
Step 8, according to the data that step 5, six, seven obtains, the data computation of proposition and disposal route is characterized in that:
A. deduct little of adjacent the place ahead with little of rear successively along the infiltration direction
Liquid content G
i-G
I+1It is of living in apart from the liquid content in respective radius (being calculated by the following formula) hole, the formula X that utilizes the applicant to derive to obtain little of rear
i=∑ G
i/ G
1-G
nCalculate each little contain liquid number percent X
i, promptly be somebody's turn to do the frequency of adding up fraction, also be respective radius r
iThe percent by volume in hole;
B. the inventor is as follows to calculating formula
The Washburn equation that in pore, permeates according to the laminar flow fluid:
H
2＝Kt (1)
In the formula: the H-seepage distance, the t-time of penetration,
Wherein:
K＝rγcos?θ/2η (2)
In the formula:
R-fabric average pore size;
The interfacial tension of γ-liquid-gas;
θ-fabric and test fluid contact angle;
η-test fluid viscosity;
Transposition obtains:
K＝H
2/t (3)
Each parameter of substitution obtains the aperture computing formula
r＝2ηH
2/tγcosθ (4)
By formula (4) as can be known, for same observing time of t, the pore radius r is big more, liquid seepage distance H therein is far away more, so liquid exists only in than in the macropore in the adjacent two fraction middle distances fraction far away, liquid then both had been contained in than also being contained in the macropore slightly in the aperture in the nearer fraction, the liquid that the liquid of nearer fraction deducts fraction far away just obtains in the nearer fraction than the amount of liquid in the aperture, the volume in corresponding this hole that is directly proportional with it.Because different apertures pore is equally distributed vertically, subtracts and just can obtain each fraction volume and percent by volume apart from the correspondingly-sized hole of living in so carry out adjacent fraction liquid content difference successively.
C. when permeating near balance, promptly the liquid forward position no longer changed in the section in observing time, was decided to be the time t that measures pore diameter distribution the wherein the shortest time
m, cutting simultaneously will be fixed along print axis liquid gradient rapidly, littler center line of each cutting fraction will be decided to be H from the distance of liquid level
i, calculate corresponding each seepage distance H by (4) formula
iFraction aperture r
i,
A. the X that corresponding each fraction is little
iAnd r
iPore diameter distribution histogram, curve map and cumulative chart draw.
Compared with prior art, do not have the distortionless characteristics of the flexible material pore structure of maintenance owing to need not pressurize or vacuumize the present invention, also have the little characteristics of measurement size, can measure nanoscale capillary aperture and distribution, device is simple, method is easy to operate, and with the complementation of quality grading method, can solve the difficult problem that long-term puzzlement flexible material pore diameter distribution is measured, promptly pressurize or vacuumize a difficult problem that makes flexible bore deformation distortion.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representations;
Fig. 2 is the test result of the embodiment of the invention: 150D * 530D * 564 * 264/72F twill polyamide fibre pore diameter distribution histogram;
Fig. 3 is the test result of the embodiment of the invention: 150D * 530D * 564 * 264/72F twill polyamide fibre pore diameter distribution histogram;
Fig. 4 is the test result of the embodiment of the invention: 150D * 530D * 564 * 264/72F twill polyamide fibre pore diameter distribution cumulative chart.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, present embodiment is implemented under the technical solution of the present invention prerequisite, has provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limit the following embodiment of what.
The present invention proposes a kind of flexible capillary aperture Determination of distribution apparatus and method of a kind of quality grading method complementation, mainly drives according to liquid capillary pressure in the material pore and the retardation opening relationships formula of viscous force and propose related device and method.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment relates to a kind of along continuous straight runs based on capillary pressure and viscous force classification and measures device along flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution, and comprising: print horizontally suspends frame mounting, dailies roll winding apparatus, liquid tank, timer and little cutter sweep of statistics fraction.,, measure its liquid content and calculate corresponding pore size distribution data and chart when the horizontal print wettability equilibrium by liquid along cutting into little of some fractions perpendicular to liquid working direction print wetted portions.
Described print horizontally suspends the rectangular frame device, be used to hang the rectangle print and carry out horizontal wicking, this device is by two wide 1cm, thickness 1.5cm, 6 horizontal bar clevis plates of long 15cm are formed with 6 adjuster bars of equidistantly placing that are connected, and print is 150D * 530D * 564 * 264/72F twill polyamide fibre, wide 10cm, long 100cm, clamping plate clamp the long print main body of 90cm along its length from both sides, front end leaves the long free section of 10cm.Six adjuster bars are fixed in two clamping plate bottom, divide equally distance along its length places from two ends, each bar two ends is along the left-hand thread screw mandrel, connect corresponding both sides clamping plate respectively, make the clamping plate keeping parallelism, screw mandrel can be regulated clamping plate laterally apart from making print reach suitable tension force with nut, does not sink to being as the criterion in the middle of the print when wetting.
Described dailies roll winding apparatus is used for the clamping print and immerses the freedom section of liquid and its tension force of adjusting that passes through to reel.This device is fixed in the back up pad of base plate and the turning axle of a fastening print is formed side by side by a pair of, this axle passes two plates, the one end has turning handle and self-locking mechanism to be used for fixing print and regulates the free section of print tension force by the rotation fastener shaft, and its size is with not sagging being as the criterion of wetting back print center section.Because collecting device is fixed on the trough floor, along with the level inclination of the free section of groove lifting scalable.
Described liquid tank is used to fill the wetting liquid of test and collecting device is put into bottom land, and liquid level is wanted the fastening turning axle of submergence collecting device.Trench bottom is equipped with a plurality of adjusting screw, is used for regulating height and keeps liquid level.Stretch out the free section print that liquid bath links to each other with clamping plate and keep suitable tight state and spend inclination angles by highly regulating to make from the horizontal by 8.A free section print soaked behind the liquid center section and did not produce and subside saggingly this moment, and a free section edge must not contact groove edge;
Little cutter sweep of described fraction is combination bull parallel shears, clip is used for little of 7 fractions of accurate parallel cutting simultaneously simultaneously, eliminate the long content liquid that causes owing to the liquid infiltration of shear time as far as possible and change, and then eliminate the test and the error of calculation at the print each several part;
Little cutter sweep of described fraction is furnished with the imbibition paper handkerchief, the draws fluid of sticking on the cutter also must be weighed in the lump and calculate in the fraction liquid content during cutting;
A kind of along continuous straight runs measurements and calculations based on capillary pressure and viscous force classification is characterized in that along the method for flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is carried out pre-treatment to print, removes surface contaminants;
Step 2, the experimentation control moisture temperature is constant;
Step 3 will long 0.5-2m, and the print of wide 0.05-0.5m clamps with the bar shaped clamping plate, and the free section that front end is reserved certain-length is used for reeling and placing bottom land, regulates lateral separation between clamping plate with adjuster bar, and print is suitably tightened, and center section does not sink in wetting back;
Step 4 is regulated the liquid tank height, makes free section of print and horizontal sextant angle 3-8 degree, but can not contact trough rim;
Step 5 adds distilled water, makes it to flood the axle of winding stand, picks up counting simultaneously, and record different time distilled water frontal line no longer obviously advances until liquid apart from the distance of liquid level;
Step 6 cuts into the little fillet of a plurality of rectangles along soaking part perpendicular to distilled water infiltration direction simultaneously with little cutter sweep of fraction rapidly, and little width is 2.5cm, counts each seepage distance H of little from the print metal line
1, H
2, H
3... H
nCorrespond to 2.5cm successively, 5.0cm, 7.5cm,
Step 7 weighs up each weight in wet base of wet little, weighs up its dry weight after the drying more respectively, deducts the liquid content G that dry weight obtains little of each fraction with weight in wet base
i
Step 8, according to the data that step 5, six, seven obtains, the data computation of proposition and disposal route is characterized in that:
B. deduct little of adjacent the place ahead with little of rear successively along the infiltration direction
Liquid content G
i-G
I+1Obtain little the formula X of living in apart from the liquid content in the respective radius hole, as to utilize the applicant to derive in rear
i=∑ G
i/ (G
1-G
n) calculate each little contain liquid number percent X
i, promptly be somebody's turn to do the frequency of adding up fraction, also be the percent by volume in correspondingly-sized hole;
C. by Washiburn equation, H
2=Kt can calculate equilibration time t and corresponding each seepage distance H
iPermeability K
i, also promptly be positioned at H
iApart from little radius R of fraction
iThe hole in the infiltration rate constant K of capillary liquid
i
D. according to the formula K that derives
i=R
iγ cos θ/2 η (R wherein
iBe pore radius, γ is a surface tension of liquid, and θ is a contact angle, and η is a liquid viscosity) calculate apart from being H
iThe pore radius R of little correspondence of each fraction
i
D. the X that corresponding each fraction is little
iWith R draw pore diameter distribution histogram, curve map and cumulative chart;
Experimental data is as follows
The average pore size scope of 150D * 530D * 564 * 264/72F twill polyamide fibre cloth specimen is 0.83-75.62nm.
This enforcement has only provided a concrete examples of applications, but for the patent personnel that are engaged in flexible material pore structure mensuration, also can design the modified product of multiple mode according to above enlightenment, and this still is considered to be covered by among the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. measure device based on the along continuous straight runs of capillary pressure and viscous force classification for one kind along flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution, comprise: print horizontally suspends frame mounting, dailies roll winding apparatus, liquid tank, timer and little cutter sweep of statistics fraction, by liquid when the horizontal print wettability equilibrium, along cutting into little of some fractions rapidly, measure its liquid content and subtract pore size distribution data and the chart that the formula of deriving with the applicant calculates correspondence by adjacent level divided data difference perpendicular to liquid working direction print wetted portions.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described print horizontally suspends the rectangular frame device and is used to hang the rectangle print and carries out horizontal wicking, this device is made up of with a plurality of adjuster bars that are connected two horizontal bar clevis plates, clamping plate are clamped the print main body along its length from both sides, the print front end leaves the not free section of clamping of fraction, but distance makes print reach suitable tension force between adjuster bar lateral adjustments clamping plate.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dailies roll winding apparatus is used for the clamping print and immerses the freedom section of liquid and its tension force of adjusting that passes through to reel, this device is by a pair of vertical and be fixed in the back up pad of base plate and the turning axle of a fastening print is formed, this axle passes two plates, the one end has turning handle and self-locking mechanism, regulates print free section tension force and fixing print by the rotation fastener shaft.
4. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that described liquid tank.Be used to fill the wetting liquid of test and collecting device is put into bottom land, liquid level is wanted the fastening turning axle of submergence collecting device.Trench bottom is equipped with a plurality of adjusting screw, be used for regulating height and keep liquid level, stretch out that a free section print that liquid bath links to each other with clamping plate keeps suitable tight state and from the horizontal by as far as possible little inclination angle by highly regulating to make, soak behind the liquid center section with a free section print and do not produce that to subside sagging be foundation, be generally the 1-10 degree, free section edge must not contact groove edge.
5. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, little cutter sweep of described fraction is used for little of many fractions of accurate parallel cutting simultaneously, eliminates the long content liquid that causes owing to the liquid infiltration of shear time as far as possible and changes at the print each several part, and then eliminate the test and the error of calculation;
6. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the liquid that sticks on the cutter must be calculated in the lump in the fraction liquid content during little cutting of described fraction;
7. one kind based on the along continuous straight runs measurements and calculations of capillary pressure and the viscous force classification method along flexible print plane capillary dimensions and distribution, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1 is carried out pre-treatment to print, removes surface contaminants;
Step 2, the experimentation control moisture temperature is constant;
Step 3 will long 0.5-2m, and the print of wide 0.05-0.5m clamps with the bar shaped clamping plate, and the free section that front end is reserved certain-length is used for reeling and placing bottom land, regulates lateral separation between clamping plate with adjuster bar, and print is suitably tightened, and center section does not sink in wetting back;
Step 4 is regulated the liquid tank height, makes the free section of print as far as possible little with horizontal sextant angle, but can not contact trough rim;
Step 5 adds wetting liquid, makes it to flood the axle of winding stand, picks up counting simultaneously, and record different time liquid frontal line no longer obviously advances until liquid apart from the distance of liquid level;
Step 6 cuts into the little fillet of a plurality of rectangles along soaking part perpendicular to liquid infiltration direction simultaneously with little cutter sweep of fraction rapidly, and little width is D
i, count each seepage distance H of little from the print metal line
1, H
2, H
3... H
nCorrespond to D successively
1, D
1+ D
2, D
1+ D
2+ D
3... D
1+ D
2+ D
3+ ... + D
n
Step 7 weighs up each weight in wet base of wet little, and wherein weight in wet base comprises the residual liquid that sticks on the cutter, weighs up its dry weight after the drying more respectively, deducts the liquid content G that dry weight obtains little of each fraction with weight in wet base
i
Step 8, data computation and disposal route that data that obtain according to step 5, six, seven and inventor propose are calculated radius and percent by volume that little of each integration includes the liquid pore, it is characterized in that:
A. deduct the liquid content G in little of adjacent the place ahead successively with little of rear along the infiltration direction
i-G
I+1Obtain little the formula X of living in apart from the liquid content in the respective radius hole, as to utilize the applicant to derive in rear
i=∑ G
i/ (G
1-G
n) calculate each little contain liquid number percent X
i, promptly be somebody's turn to do the frequency of adding up fraction, also be the percent by volume in correspondingly-sized hole;
B. by Washiburn equation, H
2=Kt=(r γ cos θ/2 η) t, the H that obtains from experiment
2-t finds out the no longer time dependent flex point of the liquid seepage distance H equilibration time t of place in drawing
m, the substitution following formula calculates corresponding each seepage distance H
iThe little cylindrical void of fraction in liquid at t
mPermeability K constantly
i,
C. with K
iThe substitution following formula:
r
i＝2ηH
i 2/t
mγcosθ
Obtain being in different distance H
iLittle radius r that includes the liquid pore of fraction
i, γ is a surface tension of liquid in the formula, and θ is a contact angle, and η is a liquid viscosity;
The X of little pore of d. corresponding each fraction
iAnd r
iPore diameter distribution histogram, curve map and cumulative chart draw.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110054849.3A CN102183446B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Device and method for measuring sizes of flexible pores on basis of capillary pressure and viscous force grading |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110054849.3A CN102183446B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Device and method for measuring sizes of flexible pores on basis of capillary pressure and viscous force grading |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102183446A true CN102183446A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN102183446B CN102183446B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5425265A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-20 | Jaisinghani; Rajan A. | Apparatus and method for measuring the capillary pressure distribution of porous materials |
| JP2002048694A (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Test method for water permeability of constructional material |
| CN101216410A (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2008-07-09 | 东华大学 | Testing device and method for simulating skin water vapour permeability |
| CN101738359A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-06-16 | 五邑大学 | Method for determining capillary radius distribution of flexible porous system by mass classification |
-
2011
- 2011-03-08 CN CN201110054849.3A patent/CN102183446B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5425265A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-20 | Jaisinghani; Rajan A. | Apparatus and method for measuring the capillary pressure distribution of porous materials |
| JP2002048694A (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-15 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Test method for water permeability of constructional material |
| CN101216410A (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2008-07-09 | 东华大学 | Testing device and method for simulating skin water vapour permeability |
| CN101738359A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-06-16 | 五邑大学 | Method for determining capillary radius distribution of flexible porous system by mass classification |
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| Title |
|---|
| 狄剑锋 等: "织物毛细孔径分布与其组织结构及组分的关系", 《纺织学报》 * |
| 王其 等: "有孔隙的纤维、纱线和织物导湿结构模型研究", 《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》 * |
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