CN102179023A - 一种新型灭火方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新型灭火方法，其特征在于：以烟火类药剂为热力源(能量)和动力源(驱动气体)，在使用时，通过点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧产生的高温使灭火组合物产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。与传统的气溶胶灭火系统、气体灭火系统、水系灭火系统相比，本发明的灭火方法更高效、更安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型灭火技术领域，涉及一类新型灭火方法。
背景技术
火灾的发生，给人们的生命和财产会造成重大损失。目前存在的灭火方式主要有以下几种：一、利用压缩气体直接灭火，如气体灭火器，常用的气体有二氧化碳，IG541等。这类灭火方式的缺点为灭火效能差，装置笨重，保养成本高；二、利用压缩气体将灭火物质带出灭火，如贮压式干粉灭火器，利用压缩气体将干粉带出灭火；泡沫灭火器，利用压缩气体将泡沫带出灭火；七氟丙烷灭火器，利用压缩气体将七氟丙烷带出灭火。这类灭火方式同样需要压缩气体，对装置的耐压要求高，同样具有保养成本高的缺点；三、利用水压灭火，如水喷淋灭火设备，利用水流或水雾直接灭火。这类灭火方式的缺点为灭火效能差，并且不能用于扑灭带电设备；四、利用脉冲药剂燃烧喷洒出灭火物质灭火，如脉冲式干粉灭火器，利用烟火药剂燃烧瞬间产生的大量气体喷洒出干粉灭火。这类灭火方式的缺点为喷发时声音非常大，并且有一定的安全隐患；五、利用烟火药剂燃烧产生灭火物质灭火。如气溶胶灭火器，利用烟火类材料燃烧产生的大量气体、水蒸气及微粒灭火。这类灭火方式的缺点为烟火药剂燃烧产生大量的热，灭火装置如果不设计冷却系统，则有可能引发可燃物的二次燃烧；如果灭火装置设计冷却系统，则体积笨重。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种不同于上述传统灭火剂作用方式的一类新型灭火方法。
我们知道，火焰燃烧的本质是氧化剂与还原剂发生氧化还原反应，火焰本身为正离子、负离子、电子、原子、分子等组成的等离子体。以氢气的燃烧为例，反应机理如下：
H2+O2→2OH· (1)
H2+OH·→H·+H2O (2)
H·+O2→OH·+O· (3)
O·+H2→OH·+H· (4)
OH·+M→MOH (5)
H·+M→MH (6)
O·+M→MO (7)
其中式(1)-(4)为链增长过程，(5)-(7)为链终止过程，M代表可以使自由基湮灭的物质。实际燃烧过程还要更复杂。不管采用何种方式灭火，其本质是阻断自由基的链式反应，使产生自由基的速率小于自由基湮灭的速率。
本发明思路为：将受热易产生灭火物质的化学物质与加工助剂、粘合剂组成灭火组合物(也可不加入加工助剂或粘合剂)，以烟火药剂或气溶胶发生剂为热力源(能量)和动力源(驱动气体)，使灭火组合物释放出可阻断火焰燃烧的链式反应的化学物质，利用释放出的可灭火的化学物质进行灭火。
根据本发明，所述的受热易产生灭火物质的化学物质包括以下几类：
1)受热易分解，且能释放出可灭火的气体、液态或固态粒子的化合物或灭火组合物。
所述的化合物包括碱金属和碱土金属的碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、碱式碳酸盐、溴系阻燃剂，氯系阻燃剂，有机磷系阻燃剂，磷-卤系阻燃剂，氮系及磷-氮系阻燃剂，无机阻燃剂等。
2)受热易升华，升华物为可灭火物质的单质、化合物或灭火组合物。
所述的单质或化合物包括碘、二茂铁、二茂铁衍生物、熔点在50℃以上的卤代脂肪烃、卤代芳烃等。
3)受热发生化学反应，反应产物可有效灭火的灭火组合物。此处所说的化学反应指组分物质之间可发生化学反应，一般为氧化还原反应。
所述的灭火组合物包括可发生氧化还原反应的组合物，如将氧化剂如硝酸钾、硝酸钠等，还原剂如木炭、酚醛树脂等，与不燃物质如氯化钠、氯化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾等混合。该组合物受热时氧化剂和还原剂之间可发生氧化还原反应，产生灭火物质而灭火，但本身不能燃烧。因此，并不同于常规意义的气溶胶发生剂。
4)将上述三类化学物质的两类或三类组合使用形成的新组合物。
在本发明中，灭火药剂可制成球型、立方体或不规则形状，优选为球型。
在本发明中，灭火药剂可为实体或蜂窝状，优选为蜂窝状。
在本发明中，灭火药剂粒度小于20mm，优选为1-10mm。
本发明的灭火方法的优点在于：与传统的气溶胶灭火器相比，灭火效能大大提高。另外灭火组合物可非常显著地带走烟火药剂燃烧产生的热量，因此，灭火装置的喷口温度更低，使用更安全。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将质量百分含量为40％的碳酸锌、50％的碳酸钾、10％的微晶石蜡混合均匀，用打片机制备小球，取一定量上述制备的小球，放置在灭火器的喷口与烟火类药剂之间，组成简易新型灭火器。
点燃烟火类药剂，产生的热量使碳酸锌分解为可以灭火的氧化锌和二氧化碳，气溶胶发生剂燃烧产生的气体将分解产物喷出，浓度分布灭火实验结果见表一。
实施例2
将一定量碘粒，放置在灭火器的喷口与烟火类药剂之间，组成简易新型灭火器。
点燃烟火类药剂，产生的热量使碘粉升华，气溶胶发生剂燃烧产生的气体将升华物喷出，浓度分布灭火实验结果见表一。
实施例3
将质量百分含量为10％的硝酸钾、15％的酚醛树脂、55％的氯化钠、15％的端羟基聚丁二烯、5％的甲苯二异氰酸酯混合均匀，浇注为棱柱蜂窝体，固化后加工成块状蜂窝体。取一定量上述块状药剂，放置在灭火器的喷口与烟火类药剂之间，组成简易新型灭火器。
点燃烟火类药剂，放出的热量使硝酸钾与酚醛树脂、端羟基聚丁二烯、甲苯二异氰酸酯发生反应，生成可以灭火的二氧化碳、氮气、碳酸钾粒子等物质，气溶胶发生剂燃烧产生的气体将生成物喷出。浓度分布灭火实验结果见表1、表2及表3。
表1简易新型灭火器的装配方式及灭火效果
(以某S型气溶胶发生剂为动力源和热力源)**
*五发平行试验平均值。
表2简易新型灭火器的装配方式及灭火效果
(以某K型气溶胶发生剂为动力源和热力源)**
*五发平行试验平均值。
表3简易新型灭火器的装配方式及灭火效果
(以某烟火药剂为动力源和热力源)**
*五发平行试验平均值。
**灭火模型
参照GA499.1-2004《气溶胶灭火系统第1部分：热气溶胶灭火装置》7.13浓度分布试验，制作试验模型，采用该试验程序。
试验箱为内边长1m的立方体。以试验箱的正门为参照，试验箱的左前上部、右后上部、左后下部、右前下部、挡板后各放着一个内径为30mm，高度为100mm的燃料罐，采用的燃料为正庚烷。点燃正庚烷，预燃30秒，关闭试验箱门，启动简易新型灭火器灭火。
灭火器喷发完成30秒后打开试验箱，取5发平行试验的灭火个数的平均值，统计平均灭火个数。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型灭火方法，其特征在于：以烟火类药剂为热力源(能量)和动力源(驱动气体)，在使用时，要先点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述的烟火类药剂为烟火类气溶胶灭火剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物包括受热易分解，且能释放出可灭火的气体、液态或固态粒子的化学物质。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物包括受热易升华，升华后可灭火的化学物质。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物包括受热组分物质间发生化学反应，反应产物可灭火的化学物质。
Priority Applications (14)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102855415A CN102179023B (zh) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | 一种灭火方法 |
| CA2812278A CA2812278C (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | New method for extinguishing fire |
| AU2011301569A AU2011301569B9 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | New method for extinguishing fire |
| MYPI2013000919A MY160658A (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | New method for existinguishing fire |
| KR1020137006836A KR101562715B1 (ko) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | 신규 소화 방법 |
| PCT/CN2011/079423 WO2012034489A1 (zh) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | 一种新型灭火方法 |
| MX2013003087A MX348992B (es) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | Novedoso metodo para extinguir fuego. |
| JP2013528502A JP2013542752A (ja) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | 新規の消火方法 |
| RU2013116540/05A RU2587176C2 (ru) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | Новый способ тушения огня |
| EP11824559.6A EP2617470B1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | New method for extinguishing fire |
| BR112013006253-3A BR112013006253B1 (pt) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | Método para extinguir fogo |
| US13/824,282 US9675825B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-07 | Method for extinguishing fire |
| IL225270A IL225270B (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-03-17 | A method of extinguishing a fire |
| ZA2013/02025A ZA201302025B (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2013-03-18 | New method for extinguishing fire |
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| CN2010102855415A CN102179023B (zh) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | 一种灭火方法 |
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| US (1) | US9675825B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2617470B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2013542752A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101562715B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102179023B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2011301569B9 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR112013006253B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2812278C (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL225270B (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX348992B (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY160658A (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2587176C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2012034489A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201302025B (zh) |
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| CN102824715A (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2012-12-19 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种磷酸盐类灭火组合物 |
| CN103170084A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种金属羰基灭火组合物 |
| CN103321098A (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-25 | 青岛曦屹欧蜂窝新材料有限公司 | 一种新型阻燃纸蜂窝专用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103736240A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-23 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103736238A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-23 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有含硫类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103751943A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有含氮类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103768754A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-07 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 |
| CN111888706A (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-06 | 安徽博泰电子材料有限公司 | 一种烷基铝类化合物专用d类干粉灭火剂的制备方法 |
| CN116785636A (zh) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-09-22 | 苏州大学 | 基于溴化物扑灭氢火焰的系统和方法 |
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| CN102179027B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种二茂铁类灭火组合物 |
| CN102179024B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温进行组分间发生化学反应产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
| CN102179026B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温分解产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
| CN102179025B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温升华产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
| CN102949802B (zh) * | 2011-08-16 | 2016-04-06 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有有机酸类化合物的灭火组合物 |
| GB201200829D0 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-02-29 | Albertelli Aldino | Fire suppression system |
| CN113018722A (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-06-25 | 应急管理部消防产品合格评定中心 | 一种无人机机载双组分水基型灭火装置 |
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- 2011-09-07 MX MX2013003087A patent/MX348992B/es active IP Right Grant
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- 2011-09-07 AU AU2011301569A patent/AU2011301569B9/en active Active
- 2011-09-07 RU RU2013116540/05A patent/RU2587176C2/ru active
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- 2011-09-07 BR BR112013006253-3A patent/BR112013006253B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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| US9636533B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-05-02 | Xi'an Westpace Fire Technology Co., Ltd | Metal-carbonyl-containing fire extinguishing composition |
| CN103170084A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种金属羰基灭火组合物 |
| WO2013091387A1 (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-27 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 一种金属羰基灭火组合物 |
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| CN103321098A (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-25 | 青岛曦屹欧蜂窝新材料有限公司 | 一种新型阻燃纸蜂窝专用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103321098B (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2016-04-13 | 吴江曦屹欧阻燃纸有限公司 | 一种新型阻燃纸蜂窝专用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103736238A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-23 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有含硫类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103751943A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有含氮类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103768754A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-07 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有不饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103736240A (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-23 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有饱和烃类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103736238B (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2020-10-13 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | 一种含有含硫类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN103751943B (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2020-10-13 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | 一种含有含氮类有机化合物的灭火组合物 |
| CN111888706A (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-06 | 安徽博泰电子材料有限公司 | 一种烷基铝类化合物专用d类干粉灭火剂的制备方法 |
| CN116785636A (zh) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-09-22 | 苏州大学 | 基于溴化物扑灭氢火焰的系统和方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2013542752A (ja) | 2013-11-28 |
| RU2587176C2 (ru) | 2016-06-20 |
| KR20130140639A (ko) | 2013-12-24 |
| MY160658A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| AU2011301569B9 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| KR101562715B1 (ko) | 2015-10-22 |
| US20130175060A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
| CA2812278A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| ZA201302025B (en) | 2014-05-28 |
| US9675825B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| WO2012034489A1 (zh) | 2012-03-22 |
| BR112013006253A8 (pt) | 2017-10-10 |
| AU2011301569A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| AU2011301569B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
| MX348992B (es) | 2017-06-26 |
| EP2617470A4 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| RU2013116540A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
| MX2013003087A (es) | 2013-10-01 |
| IL225270A0 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| EP2617470A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| CN102179023B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
| EP2617470B1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
| BR112013006253A2 (pt) | 2017-09-19 |
| IL225270B (en) | 2018-11-29 |
| CA2812278C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
| BR112013006253B1 (pt) | 2020-05-26 |
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