CN102178125B - Mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in initial bloom stage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in initial bloom stage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 title abstract description 7
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Abstract
The invention discloses mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in an initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in an initial bloom stage and a preparation method thereof, and relates to mixed silage of two kinds of leguminous forages and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: harvesting the Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in the initial bloom stage and the Medicago Sativa in the initial bloom stage; mincing the two kinds of fresh forages; uniformly mixing 30 to 70 weight percent of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. and 30 to 70 weight percent of Medicago Sativa; filling, compacting, and sealing; and fermenting at normal temperature and preserving. By the method, the problems that thorn-shaped pedicels of the Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. affect the palatability of the feed, the soluble sugar content of the Medicago Sativa is low, the buffer energy is high, and the direct ensiling is difficult are solved, and the silage with high protein content and high quality is obtained; and the silage has high aerobic stability, can retain the nutritional characteristics of green and juiciness of the Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. and the Medicago Sativa for a longer time, and is environment-friendly, additives are not required, ensiling equipment is simple, and the method is easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Camel thorn (Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.) is that pulse family (Leguminosae) camel thorn belongs to (Alhagi Gagnebin) fruticuli, and extensive in desert, Xinjiang and edge distribution thereof, only the Turfan Prefecture camel thorn group gross area of eastern boundary reaches 80.6 * 10
3Ha, theoretical animal number reaches 90.3 ten thousand sheep unit/years (heat seal wood all draws, 1994).Camel thorn is as feed, and nutritive value is good, and gross protein value is higher, and the florescence gross protein value reaches 13.187% (Li Ruinian etc., 1992), be a kind of feed resource of worth comprehensive development and utilization, be subjected to time restriction but herd to utilize, utilization rate is very low, only about 30% (Wang Hao etc., 2006).Because camel thorn has the thorn-like bennet, the modulation hay stores the palatability (Xu Peng, 1993) that can influence feed.It is the good method of preserving the camel thorn nutritive value and improving palatability that ensiling is handled.
Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) (hereinafter to be referred as clover), it is the bigger a kind of perennial leguminous forage of cultivated area in the world, have the grass yield height, adaptability is strong, herbaceous stem is good, nutritious, good palatability, be easy to characteristics such as domestic animal digestion, enjoys the good reputation of " king of herbage ".Main by modulation hay deposit, but in the hay curing process, the blade of clover is short drying time than the stem stalk, cause leaf abscission easily, and clover is under strong sunlight direct projection, because the effect of ultraviolet discoloration and vivo oxidation enzyme destroys most of the decomposition such as the contained carrotene of clover, chlorophyll, vitamin C, B family vitamin etc., thereby reduce the nutritive value of alfalfa hay.The defective that can overcome above hay curing is handled in ensiling.
Yet, comprising that most of leguminous forage soluble sugar content of clover, camel thorn is low, the resiliency height is difficult for ensiling.Therefore the Silage Quality of improving leguminous forage becomes the focus of research for the moment, and a lot of scholars have done research widely for this reason, and summing up the method that solves a leguminous forage ensiling difficult problem has two kinds: a kind of is hay silage, and another kind is the additive ensiling.But preceding a kind of loss increase that in the careless airing dehydration with aquatic foods, can cause nutriment, though a kind of miscellaneous additive (as lactobacillus preparation, fermented green juice, enzyme preparation, organic acid preparation and soluble sugar etc.), the additive ensiling cost height found out in back.
The present invention finds that through experimental study initial bloom stage camel thorn and initial bloom stage clover mixed silage can the realization advantage arrange in pairs or groups, bring into play synergy, thereby overcome above defective.And up to the present, research report and patent application with initial bloom stage camel thorn and initial bloom stage clover mixed silage are not arranged, there are not document or report to propose camel thorn yet and can carry out technology enlightenment or the relevant guide of mixed silage with clover.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides and a kind ofly need not add any additives, silage equipment is simple, environmental protection, easy to operate mixed silage feed and preparation method thereof.By the enforcement of this method, reach clover is carried out the high-moisture ensiling, improve the ensilage quality, the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, improve its palatability, preserve the purpose of the nutritional labeling of clover and camel thorn to greatest extent.Not only the organoleptic indicator is good for camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed, and quality also reaches the good ensilage level that waits.Preparation method is simple, and small-sized peasant household and large-scale machines are produced all easy to operate.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed is characterized in that this feed is to make by the method for being made up of following step:
(1) harvesting of ensiling raw material: harvesting camel thorn and clover are as raw material;
(2) chopping: camel thorn and clover are cut into 1～4cm length respectively;
(3) raw material blending: the camel thorn of percentage by weight 30～70% and 30～70% clover are mixed;
(4) fill, compacting, sealing: with mixed material compacting successively, be filled in the closed container, density reaches 550～650g/L, seals air tight;
(5) silage fermentation: 20-30 ℃ of (normal temperature) silage fermentation, fermentation time are 60 days～180 days;
(6) product detects: the pH value was lower than 3.9 after fermentation was finished, and crude protein content is more than 15.80%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage; Preferably, also reach following index: ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%, and especially, lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture 74.5%～79.3%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage;
(7) preservation is stand-by: after detection is passed through, preserve stand-by.
In the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (3), be with the clover of percentage by weight 30% and 70% camel thorn further, perhaps 50% clover and 50% camel thorn, perhaps 70% clover and 30% camel thorn mix;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (5), fermentation time is 60 days;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described camel thorn is the camel thorn of initial bloom stage, and perhaps described clover is the clover of initial bloom stage;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described camel thorn is the camel thorn of initial bloom stage, and described clover is the clover of initial bloom stage;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described clover is alfalfa;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described feed has following proterties: the organoleptic indicator is good, and denseer tart flavour and fragranced are arranged, color is yellow green, and near the color of raw material, cauline leaf is complete, the quality softness, the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, and loose softness is tack-free;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (7), avoid rainwater and the plague of rats during preservation, can preserve more than 6 months, and can preserve dark green succulence characteristic and the nutritive value of camel thorn and clover.
In addition, the technical scheme that the present invention also provides is that the preparation method of camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed is characterized in that, is made up of following step:
(1) harvesting of ensiling raw material: harvesting camel thorn and clover are as raw material;
(2) chopping: camel thorn and clover are cut to 1～4cm length respectively;
(3) raw material blending: the camel thorn of percentage by weight 30～70% and 30～70% clover are mixed;
(4) fill, compacting, sealing: with mixed material compacting successively, be filled in the closed container, density reaches 550～650g/L, seals air tight;
(5) silage fermentation: 20-30 ℃ of (normal temperature) silage fermentation, fermentation time are 60 days～180 days;
(6) product detects: the pH value was lower than 3.9 after fermentation was finished, and crude protein content is more than 15.80%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage; Preferably, also reach following index: ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%; Especially, lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture 74.5%～79.3%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage;
(7) preservation is stand-by: after detection is passed through, preserve stand-by.
In the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (3), be with the clover of percentage by weight 30% and 70% camel thorn further, perhaps 50% clover and 50% camel thorn, perhaps 70% clover and 30% camel thorn mix;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (5), fermentation time is 60 days;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described camel thorn is the camel thorn of initial bloom stage, and perhaps described clover is the clover of initial bloom stage;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described camel thorn is the camel thorn of initial bloom stage, and described clover is the clover of initial bloom stage;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described clover is alfalfa;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, described feed has following proterties: the organoleptic indicator is good, and denseer tart flavour and fragranced are arranged, color is yellow green, and near the color of raw material, cauline leaf is complete, the quality softness, the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, and loose softness is tack-free;
Further in the optimized technical scheme, in the described step (7), avoid rainwater and the plague of rats during preservation, can preserve more than 6 months, and can preserve dark green succulence characteristic and the nutritive value of camel thorn and clover.
The invention has the advantages that: the ensilage that two kinds of leguminous forage mixed silages are obtained reaches good ensilage standard, possesses following advantage:
(1) the thorn-like bennet that the invention solves camel thorn influences the palatability of feed, the clover soluble sugar content is low, the high-leveled and difficult problem with direct ensiling of buffer capacity, obtain high protein, high-quality ensilage, this feed aerobic stability is good, the nutritive peculiarity of camel thorn and the dark green succulence of clover can be preserved the long period, and any additives, environmental protection need not be added, silage equipment is simple, and is easy to operate.
(2) being of high nutritive value of mixed silage feed of the present invention: crude protein content is more than 15.80; Preferably, also reach following index: ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%; Especially, lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture 74.5%～79.3%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage.
(3) the pH value of mixed silage feed of the present invention is low, has denseer tart flavour and fragranced, can significantly improve animal appetite and feed intake: ferment after 60 days, every group of pH value of mixing bin stock all is lower than 3.9.
(4) the present invention utilizes the leguminous forage of two kinds of high protein contents to be raw material, the organoleptic indicator of mixed silage feed is good, denseer tart flavour and fragranced are arranged, color is near the color of raw material, the quality softness, cauline leaf is complete, and the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, and makes the huge herbage resource of camel thorn be fully utilized.
(5) aerobic stability of mixed silage material of the present invention is good: the back secondary fermentation phenomenon that do not occur more than 7 days breaks a seal.
(6) the mixed silage material holding time that ensiling of the present invention is good is long: can deposit more than 6 months.
(7) effect of mixed silage feed of the present invention is good: compare test with clover dry powder feeding, camel thorn dry powder feeding, clover and camel thorn mixed powder feed and independent alfalfa ensilage feed or camel thorn ensilage and find; palatability and the nutritive index of camel thorn of the present invention and clover mixed silage feed all are significantly increased; production cost then reduces significantly, and therefore has favorable social and economic benefit.
Table 1,2,3 is respectively the performance indications requirement that the ensilage of " ensilage subjective appreciation standard ", " ensilage ammoniacal nitrogen evaluation criteria ", " ensilage organic acid content evaluation criteria " regulation should reach.
Table 1 ensilage subjective appreciation standard
Annotate: ensiling sense organ grading standard: excellent, 100 minutes-76 minutes; Well, 75 minutes-51 minutes; Generally, 50 minutes-26 minutes; Of inferior quality, below 25 minutes.
Table 2 ensilage ammoniacal nitrogen evaluation criteria
| Ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen (%) | Invocation point | Ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen (%) | Invocation point |
| ＜5 | 50 | 15.1-16 | 22 |
| 5.1-6 | 48 | 16.1-17 | 19 |
| 6.1-7 | 46 | 17.1-18 | 16 |
| 7.1-8 | 44 | 18.1-19 | 13 |
| 8.1-9 | 42 | 19.1-20 | 10 |
| 9.1-10 | 40 | 20.1-22 | 8 |
| 10.1-11 | 37 | 22.1-26 | 5 |
| 11.1-12 | 34 | 26.1-30 | 2 |
| 12.1-13 | 31 | 30.1-35 | 0 |
| 13.1-14 | 28 | 35.1-40 | -5 |
| 14.1-15 | 25 | ＞40.1 | -10 |
Table 3 ensilage organic acid content evaluation criteria
Annotate: ammoniacal nitrogen and organic acid Comprehensive Assessment grade classification: 0-20 branch, extreme difference; The 20-40 branch, poor; The 40-60 branch can; The 60-80 branch, good; The 80-100 branch, excellent
The specific embodiment:
Understand for technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, embodiments of the invention now are described.
The following stated only is the schematic specific embodiment of the present invention, is not in order to limit scope of the present invention.Any those skilled in the art, the equivalent variations of doing under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and principle, modification and combination all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1-3: camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed, make by the method for being formed by following steps:
1. harvesting: in the initial bloom stage harvesting of clover and camel thorn.
2. chopping: fresh clover and the camel thorn that will gather in are cut into 1～4cm length separately.
3. mixing: initial bloom stage clover and the initial bloom stage camel thorn of chopping are mixed as following weight percent:
Clover 70%: camel thorn 30% (A1---embodiment 1);
Clover 50%: camel thorn 50% (A2---embodiment 2);
Clover 30%: camel thorn 70% (A3---embodiment 3).
4. fill, compacting, sealing: with mixed material compacting successively, be filled in the closed container, density reaches 550～600g/L, seals air tight;
5. silage fermentation: 20-30 ℃ of (normal temperature) silage fermentation, fermentation time is 60 days;
6. product detects: the pH value was lower than 3.9 after fermentation was finished, and crude protein content is more than 15.80%; Preferably, also reach following index: ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%; Especially, lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture 74.5%～79.3%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage;
Preferably, this feed has following proterties: the organoleptic indicator is good, and denseer tart flavour and fragranced are arranged, and color is yellow green, and near the color of raw material, cauline leaf is complete, the quality softness, and the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, and loose softness is tack-free;
7. preserve stand-by: after detection is passed through, preserve stand-by.
The detection of the every index of mixed silage feed, can select the additive method known to following method or this those skilled in the art for use:
The moisture of the mixed silage feed after the fermentation is measured according to the direct drying method of GB/T6435-1986; Crude protein is measured according to the Kjeldahl method of GB-T6432-1994; Ammoniacal nitrogen is with phenol-clorox colorimetric method for determining; The pH value is with pH analyzer (PH
S-3) measure; Lactic acid content is measured with the Water-2695 high performance liquid chromatograph; Acetic acid, butyric acid content Tianjin, island GC-14B gas chromatograph for determination.Comprehensive Assessment score and grade are undertaken by Chinese ensilage evaluation criteria, integrate score=ammoniacal nitrogen score+1/2 organic acid score.
The performance indications of camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed reach the index request of the good grade of ensilage regulation shown in table 4,5.
In addition, the applicant has also carried out fermenting 120 days, fermentation 180 days, fermentation time a year and a half etc. mixed silage experiment repeatedly respectively (except fermentation time by the preparation method of embodiment 1-3 and step, preparation process and other operations all are same as embodiment 1-3), the result all meets the These parameters requirement.
Table 4 ensilage subjective appreciation
Table 5 ensilage index of correlation and Comprehensive Assessment thereof
Claims (6)
1. camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed is characterized in that, are to get by the method preparation of being made up of following step:
(1) harvesting of ensiling raw material: harvesting initial bloom stage camel thorn and initial bloom stage clover are as raw material;
(2) chopping: camel thorn and clover are cut into 1～4cm length respectively;
(3) raw material blending: the camel thorn of percentage by weight 30～70% and 30～70% clover are mixed;
(4) fill, compacting, sealing: with the compacting successively of above-mentioned mixed material, be filled in the closed container, density reaches 550～650g/L, seals air tight;
(5) silage fermentation: 20-30 ℃ silage fermentation, fermentation time are 60 days～180 days;
(6) product detects: the pH value was lower than 3.9 after fermentation was finished, crude protein content is more than 15.80%, and ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%, and lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture is not less than 70%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage;
(7) preservation is stand-by: after detection is passed through, preserve stand-by.
2. camel thorn as claimed in claim 1 and clover mixed silage feed; it is characterized in that, in the described step (3), be with the clover of percentage by weight 30% and 70% camel thorn; perhaps 50% clover and 50% camel thorn, perhaps 70% clover and 30% camel thorn mix.
3. camel thorn as claimed in claim 1 and clover mixed silage feed; it is characterized in that; described feed has following proterties: the organoleptic indicator is good; denseer tart flavour and fragranced are arranged, and color is yellow green, near the color of raw material; cauline leaf is complete; the quality softness, the thorn-like bennet of camel thorn is softened, and loose softness is tack-free.
4. the preparation method of camel thorn and clover mixed silage feed is characterized in that, is made up of following step:
(1) harvesting of ensiling raw material: harvesting initial bloom stage camel thorn and initial bloom stage clover are as raw material;
(2) chopping: camel thorn and clover are cut into 1～4cm length respectively;
(3) raw material blending: the camel thorn of percentage by weight 30～70% and 30～70% clover are mixed;
(4) fill, compacting, sealing: with mixed material compacting successively, be filled in the closed container, density reaches 550～650g/L, seals air tight;
(5) silage fermentation: 20-30 ℃ silage fermentation, fermentation time are 60 days～180 days;
(6) product detects: the pH value was lower than 3.9 after fermentation was finished, crude protein content is more than 15.80%, and ammoniacal nitrogen accounts for the ratio of total nitrogen below 8.3%, and lactic acid accounts for the ratio of total acid more than 49%, moisture is not less than 70%, and above-mentioned percentage all is weight percentage;
(7) preservation is stand-by: after detection is passed through, preserve stand-by.
5. the preparation method of camel thorn as claimed in claim 4 and clover mixed silage feed; it is characterized in that; in the described step (3); be with the clover of percentage by weight 30% and 70% camel thorn; perhaps 50% clover and 50% camel thorn, perhaps 70% clover and 30% camel thorn mix.
6. the preparation method of camel thorn as claimed in claim 4 and clover mixed silage feed; it is characterized in that, in the described step (7), avoid rainwater and the plague of rats during preservation; can preserve more than 6 months, and can preserve dark green succulence characteristic and the nutritive value of camel thorn and clover.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101162739A CN102178125B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in initial bloom stage and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101162739A CN102178125B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in initial bloom stage and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102178125A CN102178125A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN102178125B true CN102178125B (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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| CN2011101162739A Expired - Fee Related CN102178125B (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2011-05-06 | Mixed silage of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. in initial bloom stage and Medicago Sativa in initial bloom stage and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104171342A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-03 | 王选 | Method for preparing silage |
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| CN104642730B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-06-05 | 塔里木大学 | Sugar grass and clover mixed silage feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109730201A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 | A kind of Silaging method improving clover liposoluble vitamin E |
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| CN104171342A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-03 | 王选 | Method for preparing silage |
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