CN102160176A - 太阳能面板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种太阳能电池，包括衬底，所述衬底为纺织平面结构。这种纺织平面结构由光透明的玻璃纤维线和不透明但导电的碳纤维线组合而成。所述玻璃纤维线作为碳纤维线的隔离器以及填充物，因此碳纤维线之间产生了足够光透明且闭合的裂缝，光线可通过所述裂缝穿过衬底。半导体层位于上述形成的衬底两侧，所述半导体层之间形成了阻挡层，所述衬底的碳纤维线形成了一个电极。
Description
太阳能面板包括衬底，衬底上设置有多个半导体层，衬底对设置在衬底上的多个半导体层同时提供力学支撑。所述多个半导体层形成了一个平面阻挡层，当受到光照时，该平面阻挡层中将产生自由电子。通过太阳能面板外部的线路系统，这些自由电子转变为直流电。
已知的太阳能电池中，用于力学支撑的衬底通常是非透明的。
从这些条件出发，本发明的目的在于，提供一种太阳能电池/面板，能够有效提高效率。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池/面板。
本发明提供的太阳能电池，机械刚性衬底由光透明且导电的材料制成，衬底的两侧平坦的侧面上均设有一对半导体层。每对半导体层的两个半导体层的导电类型相同，该两个半导体层分别与衬底直接相邻。在每对半导体层的两个半导体层之间的边界层处形成有阻挡层，阻挡层能够在光激发后输出电子。
由于衬底是光透明的，所以打到第一个阻挡层的光子不会被吸收，而是能够穿过该光透明支撑部以进入第二个阻挡层，并可能被第二阻挡层所俘获，进而用于产生自由电子。
因此，本发明提供的太阳能电池，在衬底或支撑部的两个侧面分别具有两个有用的阻挡层，显著提高了效率。
衬底可以是格结构或类似格的结构。
衬底能够由纺织品平面结构形成，这样衬底的重量轻而且柔韧性好，因此即使衬底很薄也不易受到损坏。
当衬底为纺织品平面结构时，这种纺织品平面结构可以包括由光透明线和不透明导电纤维或线制成的混合体。
其中，光透明线优选由玻璃纤维制成。
而导电材料制成的线可以为金属线或碳纤维线。
由于光透明导电线或纤维之间的连接，电子可以流出形成在支撑部或衬底附近的阻挡层。在这方面，支撑部或衬底作为一个电极，支撑部或衬底中处于占优势的不透明线之间的光透明线提供必要的“洞”，通过该洞光可以穿过衬底或支撑部而到达后方层，即，远离光源的阻挡层。
在各种情况下，所获得的衬底非常柔韧，相对非常轻且薄。
衬底或载体可呈现为编织织物、针织织物或者打结织织物的形式。在衬底或载体为亚麻或斜纹编织织物的情况下，经线为玻璃纤维线，而纬线为碳纤维线。相反的设置同样是可以想到的，在该相反的设置中用于经线和纬线的材料相互交换，这取决于那种设置更容易编织。
在衬底或载体为针织织物或打结织织物的情况下，针行可由玻璃纤维线和碳纤维线交替制成。
光透明导电层优选为由ZnO制成，可设置在每个外部半导体层上。
为了连接，使用了铝格，铝格例如可通过移印方法设置。
为了增加效率，至少一个外侧面设置有抗反射层。
当外部层为钻石结构的C-层时，刮伤敏感性得到了改善。
为了理解本发明，下面对附图的描述解释了本发明的各个方面。从附图中，本领域技术人员可以采用习惯方式，而获得本发明未描述的细节特征，并通过这些特征来在这方面对附图的说明进行补充。显然，一系列的修改是可行的。精确的尺寸能够由本领域技术人员在特定数据的基础上根据经验得到。
下面的附图没有按照比例绘制。为了表示细节，某些区域不成比例地放大显示。此外，附图中进行了明显的简化，并未包括实际实施方式中的每一个可选特征。
图中显示了本发明的对象的实施方式。
图1为本发明提供的太阳能电池的通过切口的纵向截面图。
图2为一种能够作为本发明提供的太阳能器件的衬底的针织织物的透视图。
图1显示了一个太阳能电池1的非常图式化且明显简化的部分。太阳能电池1包括一衬底2，衬底2为具有亚麻或斜纹编织织物的编织织物形式。形成衬底2的编织织物包括经线3和纬线4。这种编织织物可通过已知的纺织品技术而获知，因此，不需对其进行进一步的描述或图片解释。如左侧所示，经线3由多个的玻璃纤维单丝组成，该多个玻璃纤维单丝互相平行放置并随意地互相缠绕。因此，它们是光透明的，但不导电。
相反地，纬线4由碳纤维制成，因此是导电的。
可以理解的是，经线和纬线可以互相交换位置，即，标记为4的线可以为经线，标记为3的线可以为纬线，这对进一步的考虑是不重要的。
参考图1所示，p型掺杂Si层5位于上述采用纺织品平面结构的形式的衬底2的顶部侧面，另一个p型掺杂Si层6设置于衬底2的底部侧面，n型掺杂Si层7位于Si层5的朝向远离衬底2的侧面上，另一个n型掺杂Si层8位于Si层6的朝向远离衬底2的侧面上。
Si层5和7之间相接触的侧面处形成了半导体pn结，就像两个层6和7。阻挡层是太阳能电池1实际活跃的部分。
具有良好导电性的层9，例如层9可以由ZnO制成，设置在Si层7的自由侧面上，即，朝向远离衬底2的侧面。这个氧化锌层为减小内部电阻而设置。一个相应的氧化锌层11位于Si层8上，事实上，位于与该Si层相反的一侧面上。
为了ZnO层9和11的连接，还设置有两个铝格结构12和13，铝格结构12和13在图1中象征性的以线网显示。铝格结构12和13作为连接Si层7和8的电极。
仅仅为了达到可辨认的目的，格结构12和13利用横截面在图1中显示。实际上，所述格包括通过移印方法(Pad Printing Method)印刷的多个格结构，这样一个结构无法在图中辨认出来，所选的线结构作为一个代表显示，这种格结构的应用在现有技术中非常常见。
为了使入射光线尽可能少地反射，由Si3N4制成的防反射层14和15分别设置在ZnO层9的外侧面上和ZnO层11的外侧面上。最后，在防反射层14和15中的每一个外侧面上，分别设置有保护层16和17，以用于机械保护。层16和17为钻石结构的碳层。这些层通常采用化学气相沉积CVD(Chemical Vapor Desposition)工艺而形成。
Si层5、6、7和8同样可采用CVD工艺形成，或者采用DE 10 2007 50 288中所详细描述的方法和方式形成。
为了连接这种方式下所产生的平面硅光电二极管，格结构12或13在太阳能电池的边缘与相对应的铜导体相连接。为了上述目的，格结构12、13在太阳能电池1的侧面边缘或边缘处突出相应的长度。
第二电极形成线4，线4由碳纤维构成并且由于织品编织而互相平行延伸。同样地，这里为了与金属导体形成良好的连接，碳纤维要从太阳能电池1横向突出，并且在其突出的尾部处以适当的方式设置一个金属层。
太阳能电池1的功能描述如下：
以图1所示为例，当光线从上方照射太阳能电池1时，光线穿过保护层16、防反射层14、格结构12以及连接层9，进入到硅层5和7之间的阻挡层。由此入射光子将产生电子，所产生的电子能够通过电极4和12流入负载，在流过所述负载之后还能够返回进入到阻挡层的另一侧面。
由于不是所有入射光线的光子均产生了自由电子，相反的，光子穿过Si层5和7之间的阻挡层未受干扰时，这部分光子将穿过衬底2的格结构而进入到Si层6和8之间的阻挡层。因此，在上部的阻挡层没有消耗的光子将被俘获到第二阻挡层并产生自由电子。
基于上述功能的详细描述，本领域相关技术人员能够获得衬底2的尺寸。导电碳纤维4和不导电而光透明的玻璃线3的数目需要根据应用场景进行有利的改变。如果碳纤维线4之间的距离过大，太阳能电池1的内部电阻将增加。反之，如果选择的距离过小，远离光源的阻挡层和这时位于衬底2背面的阻挡层很难接收到光线。
同样地，如上述功能描述所述，与碳纤维线4交织的玻璃纤维线3作为碳纤维线的隔离器。一个柔韧的衬底，一方面，为光透明的，另一方面，为导电并被制作为足够刚性的。因此，当衬底被机械地加载时，所设置的层不会损坏到使太阳能电池无法工作的程度。Si层5至8的破碎和断裂不会最终消极地影响太阳能电池1的功能，因为由破碎所形成的小岛相互之间通过电极而平行地电连接，该电极的形式为格结构12、13、以及碳纤维线4。
图1所示的结构是关于衬底2对称设置的，然而，可以理解的是，例如，反面的防反射层15也可以去除。
衬底2的结构不限于图1所示的纺织织物结构，还可以为图2所示的针织织物结构。在图2所示的针织织物中，针行21和针行22在针织织物内交替，这些针行交替由玻璃纤维线和碳纤维线构成。另一种可能性在于，例如，制造由玻璃纤维线构成的直接相邻的两个针行，和由碳纤维线构成的每个第三针行。
在针织织物中，玻璃纤维线作为碳纤维线的隔离器，因此，穿过衬底到达位于光源反面的阻挡层的光线通道没有被阻挡。
不需要进一步的解释的是，针织织物必须被制造为相对紧密的形式，而且在针织线之间不要含有孔洞；在这方面，附图并不是实际采用的针织织物的准确无误的显示，为了说明需要，附图中的针织线之间明显分离。
如果针织织物的弹性大于需要，如图所示可在针行中采用流动线23。流动线23可由玻璃纤维线或碳纤维线构成。如果流动线为碳纤维线，则针行可以专门由玻璃纤维线进行编织，这样更利于更轻松的针织。可取的，作为衬底，使用简单从右到左的针织方式，这样可以针织得非常薄。
本发明提供了一种太阳能电池，包括衬底，所述衬底为纺织平面结构。这种纺织平面结构由光透明的玻璃纤维线和不透明但导电的碳纤维线组合而成。玻璃纤维线作为碳纤维线的隔离器以及填充物，因此碳纤维线之间产生了足够光透明且闭合的裂缝，光线可通过所述裂缝穿过衬底。半导体层位于上述形成的衬底两侧，所述半导体层之间形成了阻挡层。所述衬底的碳纤维线形成了一个电极。
Claims (14)
1.一种太阳能面板(1)，其特征在于，包括：
衬底(2)，所述衬底(2)具有两个侧面和侧面边缘，且所述衬底(2)为光透明的且导电的；
第一掺杂半导体层(5)，设置在所述衬底(2)的一个侧侧面上；
第二掺杂半导体层(7)，设置在所述第一掺杂半导体层(5)上，并与所述第一掺杂半导体层(5)形成pn结；
第三掺杂半导体层(6)，设置在所述衬底(2)的另一个侧面上，并与所述第一掺杂半导体层(5)的导电类型相同；
第四掺杂半导体层(8)，设置在所述第三掺杂半导体层(6)上，并与所述第三掺杂半导体层(6)形成pn结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)具有格结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)由纺织品平面结构形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)具有由光透明材料制成的线(3)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述由光透明材料制成的线(3)为玻璃纤维线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)具有由导电材料制成的线(4)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述导电线(4)的材料从包括碳纤维和金属的组中选择，例如，铜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)为亚麻编织或斜纹编织的编织织物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述编织织物(2)具有透明材料制成的经线(3)和导电材料制成的纬线(4)；或者相反。
10.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，所述衬底(2)为针织织物或打结织织物，所述针织织物或打结织织物中，由光透明材料制成的行(21，22)和由导电材料制成的行(21，22)交替。
11.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，光透明导电层(9，11)被设置在每个外部半导体层(7，8)上，所述光透明导电层(9，11)优选由ZnO制成。
12.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，还具有由导电材料制成的格(12，13)，所述导电材料优选为铝，所述格结构(12，13)作为外部半导体层(7，8)的外部电极。
13.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，在所述太阳能面板的至少一个侧面具有防反射层(14，15)，所述防反射层优选由Si3N4制成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能面板，其特征在于，
在所述太阳能面板的至少一个侧面具有保护层(16，17)，所述保护层(16，17)为钻石结构。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102008033217.8 | 2008-07-15 | ||
| DE102008033217A DE102008033217A1 (de) | 2008-07-15 | 2008-07-15 | Solarpanel |
| PCT/EP2009/058757 WO2010006988A1 (de) | 2008-07-15 | 2009-07-09 | Solarpanel |
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| CN102160176B CN102160176B (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
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| EP (1) | EP2308086B1 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101366119B1 (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105897149A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-24 | 天津工业大学 | 一种新型太阳能电池片用柔性电池盒 |
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| DE102010031639A1 (de) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verbundbauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils |
| EP2447262A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | Basf Se | Pyrrole, furane and thiophene derivatives and their use as fungicides |
| EP2447261A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | Basf Se | Pyrrole, furane and thiophene derivatives and their use as fungicides |
| EP3086404A1 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-26 | BAE Systems PLC | Fabric antenna |
| WO2016146977A1 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | Bae Systems Plc | Fabric antenna |
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- 2009-07-09 CN CN200980136229.5A patent/CN102160176B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-09 US US13/054,220 patent/US20110214711A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2010006988A8 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
| CN102160176B (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
| US20110214711A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| DE102008033217A1 (de) | 2010-01-21 |
| EP2308086B1 (de) | 2014-01-15 |
| KR101366119B1 (ko) | 2014-02-25 |
| KR20110050453A (ko) | 2011-05-13 |
| WO2010006988A1 (de) | 2010-01-21 |
| EP2308086A1 (de) | 2011-04-13 |
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