CN102157627B - Synergy method of surface plasmon metallic nano-chain in solar battery - Google Patents

Synergy method of surface plasmon metallic nano-chain in solar battery Download PDF

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CN102157627B
CN102157627B CN2011100688681A CN201110068868A CN102157627B CN 102157627 B CN102157627 B CN 102157627B CN 2011100688681 A CN2011100688681 A CN 2011100688681A CN 201110068868 A CN201110068868 A CN 201110068868A CN 102157627 B CN102157627 B CN 102157627B
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张彤
张晓阳
朱圣清
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar batteries, in particular relating to a synergy method of a surface plasmon metallic nano-chain in a solar battery. In the process of manufacturing the solar battery, a layer of metallic nano-film consisting of the metallic nano-chain is manufactured between the back electrode and photovoltaic layer of the solar battery. An incident light is localized on the surface of the metallic nano-chain after passing through a light cathode and the photovoltaic layer to form a horizontally transmitted surface plasmon transmission mode, therefore, the effective transmission distance of the incident light at the photovoltaic layer is greatly increased, thereby, improving the absorption efficiency of the solar battery to the incident light and greatly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery. The technology further has the advantages of diversified manufacturing processes, low manufacturing cost, obvious synergy effect and the like.

Description

The synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar batteries, specifically is the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in a kind of solar cell.
Background technology
Energy problem is one of major issue of facing of current society, along with petering out of fossil fuel energy, seeks the popular problem that novel, reproducible energy source becomes present scientific research field.Solar energy is human inexhaustible, nexhaustible renewable, clean energy resource, the most potential main flow energy that becomes the world, and its development and utilization has obtained people and has paid close attention to widely.The important technology bottleneck of area of solar cell is exactly that present solar cell is not high to the absorption efficiency of sunlight, and particularly the efficiency of light absorption for the long-wave band of wavelength more than 600 nanometers is very low.And the sunlight of these long-wave bands accounts for 30% of whole solar spectrum gross energy, if can be absorbed effectively by solar cell, with the photoelectric conversion efficiency that greatly improves solar cell, and then significantly reduces the cost of solar cell.Therefore, the synergisting method of the solar cell that research cost is low, efficient is high is a solar cell industry development key technology.
Surface plasma excimer is a kind of electromagnetic transmission pattern that the interaction between the free electron of light and metal surface forms.This optical mode can form resonance and transmission with the light local in the scope of sub-wavelength, light forms high optics local effect in the metal surface.When incident illumination is mapped to the metal nanoparticle surface with nanoscale; The free charge on the electric field composition in the incident light and metal nanoparticle surface forms consumingly and interacts, light field strengthen amplitude can reach -
Figure 712428DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
doubly.This significant optics enhancement effect makes metal nanoparticle realize using in various fields, as utilizes metal nanoparticle development surface raman enhancement probe, is used for biological cell and drug ingedient and detects; Utilize metal nanoparticle to prepare metal waveguide, realize the optical transmission of nanoscale, the nanocomposite optical chip that development is following; Metal nanoparticle and cancer cell are bound together, utilize the photo-thermal effect kill cancer cell of metal nanoparticle, the treatment cutaneum carcinoma.These unusual optical characteristics make metal nanoparticle also can use to some extent in technical field of solar batteries.Utilize the sub-wavelength transmission characteristic and the optics enhancement effect of metal nanoparticle; The photovoltaic layer that promotes solar cell is to absorption of incident light efficient; And then the photoelectric conversion efficiency of raising solar cell; Be the new direction of solar battery technology development, can make the solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency realize breakthrough lifting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in a kind of solar cell is provided.Utilize various physics, chemical method between the back electrode of solar cell and photovoltaic layer, to produce some metal nano chain micro-structurals.Make the light field energy obtain localization through the plasmon transmission mode that produces between incident light and the metal nano chain and strengthen, thereby improve the efficiency of light absorption that has solar cell now.This synergisting method is applicable to various solar cells, can make that existing solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency obtains significantly to promote.
Technical scheme:The synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain is in solar cell manufacturing process in the solar cell of the present invention, between the back electrode of solar cell and photovoltaic layer, prepares the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of the metal nano chain; The diameter of metal nanoparticle for the number nanometers between hundreds of nanometers, overlapped and be linked to be the metal nano chain between the metal nanoparticle; Incident light is through light anode and photovoltaic layer; Surperficial by local at the metal nano chain; And the surface plasma excimer transmission mode of formation lateral transport; So the effective propagation path of incident light at photovoltaic layer that increased substantially, thereby improve solar cell to absorption of incident light efficient, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
The preparation method who between the back electrode of solar cell and photovoltaic layer, prepares the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of the metal nano chain is: at first prepare metal nanoparticle colloidal solution through chemical synthesis process; Again through chemical self-assembling method or chemical anisotropic lithographic method or chemical welding method or laser irradiation welding method or heat welded method; Metal nanoparticle in the colloidal solution is welded into the metal nano chain; Be deposited on the back electrode surface of solar cell to the metal nano chain in the sol solution through deposition process or chemical self-assembling method or drop-coating then, and solvent is volatilized naturally.
The preparation method who between the back electrode of solar cell and photovoltaic layer, prepares the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of the metal nano chain is: at back electrode surface plating one layer thickness of the solar cell metallic film for number nanometer to hundreds of nanometers, the nanometer micro-processing technology through nano-photoetching or nanometer coining or electron beam lithography is prepared into the metal nano chain with metallic film again through sputtering film coating method or thermal evaporation plated film or other metal-plated embrane methods.
The elementary cell of metal nano chain comprises the metal nanoparticle of metal nano ball or metal nano disc-shape, and nanosphere and nanometer plate number are not limit.
The used metal material of preparation metal nano chain is gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, platinum, or above material alloy separately, or the compound material of different metal layer.
The solar cell of implementing this synergisting method comprises crystal silicon solar energy battery, silicon-based film solar cells, copper indium gallium selenium solar cell, CIS solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, gallium arsenide solar cell, gallium aluminium arsenic solar cell, gallium indium phosphorus germanium solar cells, DSSC and organic thin film solar cell.
Beneficial effect:The present invention has following advantage compared with prior art:
This synergisting method; Can significantly increase the effective propagation path of incident light in solar cell under to the situation of side to light absorption of incident light not influencing the cell photovoltaic layer; And then greatly increase the utilance of sunlight, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the integral body of solar cell.
This synergisting method can significantly increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the visible light and the near infrared band light (wavelength is more than 600 nanometers) of the very low long-wave band of conventional solar cell absorption efficiency.
Advantages such as this synergisting method also has preparation method's variation, and cost is low, and synergistic effect is obvious, and be applicable to various solar cells, can obtain extremely strong economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the metal nano chain is applied to solar cell,
Fig. 2 is that metal nano chain elementary cell is the structural representation of spherical metal nano particle,
Fig. 3 is that metal nano chain elementary cell is the structural representation of disk metal nanoparticle,
Fig. 4 is the metal nano chain surface surface of intensity distribution that three metal nanoparticles link together
Fig. 5 is the metal nano chain surface surface of intensity distribution that four metal nanoparticles link together.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell proposed by the invention; See as shown in Figure 1 from structure; Be in solar cell manufacturing process, between the back electrode 2 of solar cell and photovoltaic layer 3, prepare the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of metal nano chain 11.The elementary cell of metal nano chain 11 comprises the metal nanoparticle 12 of metal nano ball or metal nano disk or other different shapes; Like metal nano set square, nanometer stub, nanometer polyhedral etc.; Nanosphere that metal nano chain 11 comprises and nanometer plate number are not limit; The diameter of metal nanoparticle 12 for the number nanometers between hundreds of nanometers, overlapped and be linked to be the metal nano chain between the metal nanoparticle 12.Incident light is through light anode 4 and photovoltaic layer 3; By local on metal nano chain 11 surfaces; And the surface plasma excimer transmission mode of formation lateral transport; So the effective propagation path of incident light at photovoltaic layer 3 that increased substantially, thereby improve solar cell to absorption of incident light efficient, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
The preparation method of metal nano chain 11 comprises multiple physico-chemical process; Specifically comprise; At first prepare metal nanoparticle 12 colloidal solution through chemical synthesis process; Through chemical self-assembling method or chemical anisotropic lithographic method or chemical welding method or laser irradiation welding method or heat welded method etc., the metal nanoparticle in the colloidal solution 12 is welded into metal nano chain 11 again.Be deposited on back electrode 2 surfaces of solar cell to the metal nano chain 11 in the sol solution through deposition process or chemical self-assembling method or drop-coating then, and solvent is volatilized naturally.Perhaps; At back electrode 2 surface platings one layer thicknesses of solar cell metallic films, through nanometer micro-processing technologies such as nano-photoetching or nanometer coining or electron beam lithographies metallic film is prepared into metal nano chain 11 through sputtering film coating method or thermal evaporation plated film or other metal-plated embrane methods again for number nanometer to hundreds of nanometers.Preparation metal nano chain 11 used metal materials are metals such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, platinum, or alloy separately, or the compound material of different metal layer.
The synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain is applicable to various solar cells in the solar cell proposed by the invention, comprises crystal silicon solar energy battery, silicon-based film solar cells, copper indium gallium selenium solar cell, CIS solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, gallium arsenide solar cell, gallium aluminium arsenic solar cell, gallium indium phosphorus germanium solar cells, DSSC, organic thin film solar cell and other various solar cells.
Surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell proposed by the invention can be made up of difform metal nanoparticle 12, and Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively the structural representations of two kinds of typical metal nano chains 11.Fig. 2 is that metal nano chain 11 elementary cells are the structural representation of spherical metal nano particle 12.A plurality of spherical metal nano particles 12 link together, and the diameter of metal nanoparticle arrives between hundreds of nanometers for the number nanometer, and the overlapping thickness between the metal nanoparticle 12 is for counting about nanometer.Fig. 3 is that (11 elementary cells are the structural representation of disk metal nanoparticle 12 to metal nano, and disk metal nanoparticle 12 thickness, diameter are between several nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, and the overlapping thickness between the metal nanoparticle 12 is for counting about nanometer.
The synergisting method that arrives involved in the present invention is concrete to be realized as follows: when incident light shines the thin layer at (vertical direction) metal nano chain 11 places in solar cell; Incident light forms the surface plasma excimer transmission mode of lateral transport (horizontal direction) on metal nano chain 11 surfaces; This surface plasma excimer pattern has high light intensity, and can be on the metal micro structure surface of nanoscale with the hot spot transmission of sub-wavelength.This effect produces the effect that strong localization strengthens to incident light; Have great distribution of light intensity (like Fig. 4, shown in 5) at the two ends of metal nano chain 11 and the junction of nano particle, the big I of field intensity reaches
Figure 911328DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
-
Figure 143988DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
times of incident light.The characteristic of the metal nano chain performance of different chain length is also different; Like Fig. 4,5; To comprise a nanometer number many more when the metal nano chain; The light intensity at metal nano chain two ends stronger (this position field intensity of the intensive more expression of lines of field intensity among the figure around the metal nanoparticle is high more) explains that light is converted into along the horizontal direction transmission on metal nano chain 11 surfaces by original vertical incidence.
Traditional solar cell, photovoltaic layer thickness are merely tens nanometers between hundreds of nanometers, and incident light impinges perpendicularly in the solar cell, and its transmission path is very short, and has a large amount of light to be reflected away, so sunlight can't be absorbed fully.And the synergisting method that adopts the present invention to propose increases the film that one deck is made up of metal nano chain 11 on back electrode 2 surfaces of solar energy, when sunlight impinges perpendicularly on the back electrode surface; Be converted into the surface plasma excimer pattern of high-energy-density; With the high light intensity and the mode profile of nanoscale, be the laterally long Distance Transmission of horizontal direction of photovoltaic layer 3 along metal nano chain 11, therefore; Effective optical path of incident light increases substantially, and the absorbed efficient of light strengthens thereupon.Long-wave band (wavelength is greater than the visible light of 600 nanometers and the light of the near infrared band) sunlight that particularly can't effectively utilize to conventional solar cell can be realized effective absorption; The light that its main principle is these long-wave bands is converted into after the surface plasma excimer pattern; Momentum significantly increases; And effectively transmission path phenomenal growth inspires electron hole pair more easily in photovoltaic layer 3.The light of long-wave band accounts for 30% ratio in solar spectrum, this part luminous energy is absorbed effectively, can significantly improve the electricity conversion of solar cell.The present invention utilizes this principle to realize the synergy to solar cell just.
In concrete execution mode and operating process, according to different solar cells and different.Below all embodiment all be to be to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the back electrode 2 surface preparation metal nanoparticles 12 at solar cell are the metal nano chain 11 employing chemical synthesis process configuration metal nano silver particle solution of spheroidal, and the metallic particles diameter is about tens nanometer to hundreds of nanometers.Adopt the femto-second laser solder technology, to metal nano silver particle solution irradiation, be welded into the argent nano chain to metal nano silver particle, the metal nanoparticle number that every nano chain comprised is not limit.Overlapped between the metallic silver particles, overlapping thickness is for counting about nanometer.After welding is good, use the configuration solution that contains the argent nano chain to be coated in the surface of back electrode 2, evaporate solution then and get final product.Again by the solar cell preparation technology of standard, prepare structures such as photovoltaic layer 3, light anode 4 subsequently.
Embodiment 2: clean for 11 pairs of ready back electrode of solar cell 2 substrates of discoidal metal nano chain at the back electrode of solar cell 2 surface preparation metal nanoparticles 12, drying; Adopt coating process method deposition layer of metal silver films such as magnetron sputtering, hot vapor deposition; Thickness is between tens nanometer to hundreds of nanometers; Adopt the method for electron beam lithography to prepare silver-colored nano chain structure, unnecessary metallic film is removed.Can prepare the shape homogeneous like this, argent nano chain 11 arrays that orientation is neat.Again by the solar cell preparation technology of standard, prepare structures such as photovoltaic layer 3, light anode 4 subsequently.

Claims (6)

1. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell; It is characterized in that in solar cell manufacturing process, between the back electrode (2) of solar cell and photovoltaic layer (3), prepare the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of metal nano chain (11); The diameter of metal nanoparticle (12) for the number nanometers between hundreds of nanometers, overlapped and be linked to be the metal nano chain between the metal nanoparticle (12); Incident light is through light anode (4) and photovoltaic layer (3); By local on metal nano chain (11) surface; And the surface plasma excimer transmission mode of formation lateral transport; So the effective propagation path of incident light in photovoltaic layer (3) that increased substantially, thereby improve solar cell to absorption of incident light efficient, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.
2. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The preparation method who between the back electrode (2) of solar cell and photovoltaic layer (3), prepares the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of metal nano chain (11) is: at first prepare metal nanoparticle (12) colloidal solution through chemical synthesis process; Again through chemical self-assembling method or chemical anisotropic lithographic method or chemical welding method or laser irradiation welding method or heat welded method; Metal nanoparticle in the colloidal solution (12) is welded into metal nano chain (11); Be deposited on back electrode (2) surface of solar cell to the metal nano chain (11) in the sol solution through deposition process or chemical self-assembling method or drop-coating then, and solvent is volatilized naturally.
3. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The preparation method who between the back electrode (2) of solar cell and photovoltaic layer (3), prepares the metal nanometer thin film that one deck is made up of metal nano chain (11) is: at back electrode (2) surface plating one layer thickness of the solar cell metallic film for number nanometer to hundreds of nanometers, the nanometer micro-processing technology through nano-photoetching or nanometer coining or electron beam lithography is prepared into metal nano chain (11) with metallic film again through sputtering film coating method or thermal evaporation plated film or other metal-plated embrane methods.
4. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell as claimed in claim 1; The elementary cell that it is characterized in that metal nano chain (11) comprises the metal nanoparticle (12) of metal nano ball or metal nano disc-shape, and nanosphere and nanometer plate number are not limit.
5. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The used metal material of preparation metal nano chain (11) is gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, platinum; Or above material alloy separately, or the compound material of different metal layer.
6. the synergisting method of surface plasma excimer metal nano chain in the solar cell as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that the solar cell of implementing this synergisting method comprises crystal silicon solar energy battery, silicon-based film solar cells, copper indium gallium selenium solar cell, CIS solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, gallium arsenide solar cell, gallium aluminium arsenic solar cell, gallium indium phosphorus germanium solar cells, DSSC and organic thin film solar cell.
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CN102394272A (en) * 2011-11-22 2012-03-28 中国科学院半导体研究所 Method for increasing organic polymer solar cell efficiency
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CN105036057B (en) * 2015-04-17 2016-11-02 温州大学 A kind of method of laser beam direct write constructing graphic magnetic micro-nano structure
CN106653926B (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-04-13 华南理工大学 A kind of phasmon enhancing GaAs Quito connection solar cell and preparation method thereof
CN107481862A (en) * 2017-08-04 2017-12-15 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Purposes, DSSC and the preparation method of metal nanoparticle
CN107785487A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-03-09 南京旭羽睿材料科技有限公司 A kind of graphene film solar cell and preparation method thereof

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JP2009246025A (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Solar cell and manufacturing method thereof
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