CN102156265B - Device and method for testing health state of battery - Google Patents
Device and method for testing health state of battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing health state of a battery, wherein the device comprises a main control module and the following modules that are connected with the main control module: an input module, a discharging load module, a voltage/current/temperature signal collecting module and an output module. The method comprises the steps of correcting CCA (Common Communication Adapter) and calculating the reference internal resistance R0 of the tested battery according to the testing standard, the battery type and the environmental temperature; measuring the voltage change rate DV and the current change rate DI of the measured battery by conducting and disconnecting the discharging load (recovered); calculating the practical dynamic battery resistance R which is equal to DV/DI; calculating the state of charge of battery SOH that is equal to (R-R0)/R0; and outputting the testing result or corresponding testing prompt of the health state according to the battery voltage V and SOH. According to strict verification of discharge test, the estimation precision of the testing device and the testing method can achieve within 5%, can be repeatedly tested, do not need strict conditions, have high automation degree, and can meet the practical maintenance requirements of the battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery maintenance, be specifically related to a kind of cell health state SOH (STATE OF HEALTH) and state-of-charge SOC (state of charge) proving installation and method thereof.
Background technology
Existing battery, all can be aging gradually along with the increase of service time, and its senile cause is surface sulfide, the corrosion of battery pole plates, the coming off of active substance, and this is the main cause that most batteries can't continue to provide energy.The purpose of cell health state and state-of-charge test is exactly by the test of the test to the dynamic internal resistance of battery and beginning battery, judge the surface condition of battery pole plates and the ability of chemical reaction, infer the situation of still losing of capacity of battery and the power shortage situation of battery, for the maintenance of battery provides foundation, comprise following standard:
(i) International Power association (IEEE1118-1996) regulation, when the capacity loss of battery is backwardness to 80% battery of nominal capacity, just needs the replacing battery, and health status is with meaning SOH, and 1. its computing formula be,
Current capacity-the nominal capacity of SOH=()/nominal capacity
(ii) because the method for testing of capacity is consuming time longer, International Power association (IEEE1118-2005) regulation " significantly internal resistance of cell value changes the performance depreciation that (added value is greater than 30%) means battery), 2. its computing formula be,
The dynamic internal resistance value R-initial internal resistance value R0 that SOH=(is current)/initial internal resistance value R0
This has the foundation of dynamic internal resistance method test lead-acid battery health status just;
(iii) concerning the startup battery of the transportation machineries such as widespread use vehicle, steamer and aircraft, battery producer does not provide battery internal resistance reference value at normal temperatures, can't directly use the standard of IEEE1118-2005 judgement cell health state.That generally provide is the cold start-up current value CCA (COLD CRANK AMPARE) under each testing standard, the current value that (usually being defined in 18 ℃ of 0 ℉ or –) accumulator maximum can be exported under a certain low-temperature condition of regulation, this method obviously can not be verified the state of the art of battery under the battery maintenance occasion.
Starting current value CCA, as the most important performance index of weighing the cold start-up battery capacity, indicates the cold start-up electric current according to this battery of different testing standard tests on the shell that starts battery in addition.Cold start-up testing current standard mainly contains international automobile IEEE standard (SAE), international battery association criterion (BCI), DIN (DIN), European Union's standard (IEC) and China (GB).The method of testing of the CCA value of China is, when the electrolysis liquid temperature is below-18 ℃, to give continuously battery discharge 30s, maximum discharge current when its terminal voltage should be not less than 7.2 volts.This test allows to carry out 3 times, have reach for 1 time be qualified.Must be converted to same standard testing value to them when maintenance test comparability is just arranged.
On the other hand, existing battery technology state test method comprises following several:
(i) terminal voltage mensuration:
By measure the terminal voltage of accumulator with multimeter; The terminal voltage value is converted into to corresponding state-of-charge SOC again, judges whether power shortage of accumulator, the common 12 volts of accumulators of take are example, SOC=[1-(12.7-V)/1.2] * 100%, concrete contrast is as following table:
| Magnitude of voltage | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.7 |
| State-of-charge | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% | 100% |
The shortcoming of the method is that the floating electric charge of battery can affect the precision of voltage tester, record result whether power shortage of battery can only be described, can not reflect the ability of still having lost stored charge of the reason of battery power shortage due to battery undercharge or battery, need to verify again by charging the battery, and the time of charging is at least wanted 3 hours, therefore in the battery service practice, the method is not being used;
(ii) empirical method:
In moment of starting engine, whether the minimum value of falling by multimeter test accumulator both end voltage is greater than a certain setting, although this method can be got rid of the impact of the floating electric charge on accumulator surface on the voltage tester value, but still do not judge, the reason of battery power shortage, need further checking, and, because the starting power of engine is stochastic pattern, tenure of use and variation of ambient temperature, test result do not have comparability;
(iii) electric discharge:
This is present a kind of the most frequently used method, with 1/2 cold start-up current value, carry out the electric discharge in 15 seconds to tested battery exactly, voltage after electric discharge must be greater than 9.6 volts, but it also has three limitation, the one, battery testing, must first to battery, be full of electricity, the 2nd, can not repeatedly test, the 3rd, do not consider the impact of the environment temperature of the difference of battery types discharge capability, different battery testing standard and test on test result, if therefore correctly need meet strict discharge test conditions and environment;
(iv) hydrometer method:
Be exactly the health status of the proportion judgement battery by measuring electrolytic solution, this method is not suitable for hermetic valve-regulated battery, colloid battery and volume electrocardio pond;
(v) internal resistance method:
Because battery producer does not provide battery internal resistance reference value at normal temperatures, can't directly use the standard of IEEE1118-2005 judgement cell health state, lack practicality on startup class accumulator.
At present, the proving installation of these method of testings is simple or do not have corresponding automatic testing equipment or such device to be disclosed, and can not be revised according to battery types and environment temperature, and correctness is low.For method (iii), mainly belong to laboratory method, but be applied to actual battery, safeguard to there is limitations, also inaccurate, be difficult to meet actual battery and safeguard needs.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are, how a kind of cell health state proving installation and method thereof are provided, and realize simple and precision is higher, can meet actual battery and safeguard needs.
First technical matters of the present invention solves like this: build a kind of cell health state method of testing, comprise the following steps:
Obtain testing standard, battery types and the cold start-up current value CCA of the mesuring battary of inputting by load module;
Obtain the environment temperature of mesuring battary and according to described testing standard, battery types and environment temperature correction CCA by temperature sensor, obtain reference value CCA3=(L * CCA)/(MxK) and obtain mesuring battary with reference to internal resistance R0=N/CCA3 according to CCA3, K, L, M and N are positive integer (unit of Ro is bold and unconstrained Europe, and the unit of CCA is ampere);
Detect mesuring battary voltage and discharge current and calculate the actual dynamic internal resistance R of mesuring battary also according to (R-R0)/R0 50%, the output mesuring battary is the test result that needs the behindhand battery of replacing.
According to method of testing provided by the invention, control mesuring battary and measure again by discharge load module electric discharge t1 the dynamic internal resistance that the rate of change of the rate of change of cell voltage and discharge current calculates battery second in time second at t2, t1, t2 are natural numbers.
According to method of testing provided by the invention, SOH=(R-R0)/R0 also comprises step:
I) SOH is at 0%-30%, and during battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, battery is healthy battery;
II) SOH is at 0%-30%, and during battery terminal voltage V:12.5 volt>V>11.5 volts, prompting first charging is tested again;
III) SOH is at 31%-50%, and during as battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, prompting needs activation process;
IV) SOH is less than 51%-100%, and during battery terminal voltage V:20 volt>V>0 volt, no matter battery terminal voltage V is how many, and battery is behindhand battery, is changed.
Another technical matters of the present invention solves like this: build a kind of cell health state proving installation, connect mesuring battary, comprising:
Load module, for testing standard, battery types and the cold start-up current value CCA of mesuring battary of input;
The discharge load module, be electrically connected to mesuring battary, for according to controlling, mesuring battary being discharged;
The signal acquisition module of built-in voltage detecting unit and current detecting unit, be electrically connected to mesuring battary, for detection of gathering mesuring battary voltage and discharge current value;
Output module, for outputing test result or pointing out;
Main control module, be connected with unit with each described module, also for according to detecting collection signal, carrying out measuring and calculation or judgement.
According to proving installation provided by the invention, described signal acquisition module also comprises the temperature sensor for detection of mesuring battary temperature or environment temperature.
According to proving installation provided by the invention, it is keyboard or touch-screen that described load module includes, but are not limited to.
According to proving installation provided by the invention, it is pilot lamp or display screen that described output module includes, but are not limited to.
Cell health state proving installation provided by the invention and method thereof, adopt the automatic test signals collecting and calculate control program, using internal resistance as criterion, the cold start-up electric current of the nominal of tested battery is converted into to the dynamic internal resistance of nominal, in conjunction with different testing standards, the correction of different battery types and varying environment temperature, 2. calculate SOH by computing formula in ieee standard again, and finally provide the health status of tested battery, verify that through strict discharge test the precision of its estimation can reach in 5%, can repeated test, need not stringent condition and automaticity high, meet the actual battery maintenance requirement.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further the present invention is described in detail:
Fig. 1 is specific embodiment of the invention cell health state test device system structural representation;
Fig. 2 be control detection module in Fig. 1 discharge and recharge the control program schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 3 is the dynamic internal resistance measurement method of the routine of specific embodiment of the invention employing.
Embodiment
At first, proving installation of the present invention is described:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of cell health state proving installation of the specific embodiment of the invention, comprise signal acquisition module, discharge load module, central processing unit, display module and keyboard form, wherein: signal acquisition module is for realizing the measurement of battery plus-negative plate intercolumniation voltage and voltage change ratio, the measurement of discharge current and the measurement of environment temperature, the conditioning of measuring-signal; The discharge load module after receiving steering order the time by certain electric current and certain duration to battery discharge; The function of central processing unit is the collection of control signal, and the storage of the gearshift of A/D, computing, data is controlled and shown; The function of display is characteristic parameter and the test result of real tested battery; The function of keyboard is the characteristic parameter of the tested battery of input.
The second, method of testing of the present invention is described
As shown in Figure 2, control program in central processing unit in a kind of cell health state proving installation of the specific embodiment of the invention, the common 12 volts of tested accumulators of take are example, specifically comprise the following steps:
201) obtain cold start-up current value CCA, CCA testing standard and the battery types of user's input;
202) the cold start-up current value is converted into to the test value CCA1 of corresponding testing standard, CCA1=CCA/K, K gets following value:
| The SAE testing standard | K=1 |
| The GB testing standard | K=0.64 |
| The IEC testing standard | K=0.66 |
| The BCI testing standard | K=0.76 |
| The DIN testing standard | K=0.56 |
203) CCA1 is converted into to the dull and stereotyped lean solution valve control cold start-up current value CCA2 of corresponding battery types, CCA2=L*CCA1, L gets following value:
| Dull and stereotyped rich solution dry charged battery | L=1 |
| Dull and stereotyped lean solution is valve-regulated | L=1 |
| Dull and stereotyped colloid battery | L=1.28 |
| Volume electrocardio pond | L=3.1 |
204) according to test environment temperature correction CCA2, obtain reference value CCA3, CCA3=CCA2/M, M gets following value:
| >30° | M=0.95 |
| 20°—30° | M=1 |
| 0°—19° | M=1.36 |
| -20°—0° | M=1.45 |
| -30°— -21° | M=1.80 |
205) calculate tested battery with reference to internal resistance R0, R0=3560/CCA3,
206) the controlled discharge load blocks is discharged to test battery, owing to applying load terminal voltage, in the time that maintains certain t1, after removing load, battery rise t2 battery gos up to wait until that cell voltage, t1 get 1-10 second, t2 gets 300-500ms, and discharge current is got 30-50A;
207) as shown in Figure 3, by detecting the dynamic internal resistance R of reality of voltage, the tested battery of electric current acquisition test;
208) calculate the health status of SOH(state of health battery), Soh=(R – R0)/R0;
209) export test result or prompting and test result or prompting be presented on screen according to difference calculating and testing result:
I) SOH is at 0%-30%, and during battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, battery is healthy battery;
II) SOH is at 0%-30%, and during battery terminal voltage V:12.5 volt>V>11.5 volts, prompting first charging is tested again
III) SOH is at 31%-50%, and during as battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, prompting needs activation process;
IV) SOH is at 51%-100%, and during battery terminal voltage V:20 volt>V>0 volt, no matter battery terminal voltage V is how many, and battery is behindhand battery, is changed.
Wherein:
Step 209) the following formula of the battery electrode column both end voltage V based on before battery terminal voltage internal resistance test in calculates SOC (state of charge state-of-charge)
SOC=[1-(12.7-V)/1.2]×100%
V and SOC are corresponding one by one.
Finally, the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the claims in the present invention scope change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a cell health state method of testing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Obtain testing standard, battery types and the cold start-up current value CCA of the mesuring battary of inputting by load module;
Obtain the environment temperature of mesuring battary and according to described testing standard, battery types and environment temperature correction CCA by temperature sensor, obtain reference value CCA3=(L * CCA)/(M * K) and obtain mesuring battary with reference to internal resistance R0=N/CCA3 according to CCA3, K, L, M and N are positive number; Described mesuring battary is 12 volts of accumulators, N=3560;
Detection mesuring battary voltage change ratio and discharge current rate of change, then calculate the actual dynamically internal resistance R of mesuring battary, and, according to (R-R0)/R0>50%, the output mesuring battary is the test result that needs the behindhand battery of replacing.
2. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step:
Control mesuring battary and discharge t1 second by the discharge load module, then measure the rate of change of cell voltage and the rate of change of discharge current at t2 in time second, calculate the dynamic internal resistance R of battery, t1, t2 are natural numbers.
3. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step:
According to SOH=(R-R0)/R0, in the 0%-30% interval, during battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, the output mesuring battary is the test result of healthy battery.
4. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step:
According to SOH=(R-R0)/R0 in the 0%-30% interval, the test prompts of test again after output charging during battery terminal voltage V:12.5 volt>V>11.5 volts.
5. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step:
According to SOH=(R-R0)/R0, in the 31%-50% interval, during as battery terminal voltage V:V>12.5 volt, the output mesuring battary need carry out the test prompts of activation process.
6. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises step:
According to SOH=(R-R0)/R0, at 51%-100%, no matter battery terminal voltage V is how many, and exporting tested battery is to need the test result of changing.
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| CN1945345A (en) * | 2005-10-09 | 2007-04-11 | 奇瑞汽车有限公司 | Detecting device and method for mixed power automobile battery remainder |
| CN101276949A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-10-01 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Device and method for detecting battery performance of hybrid power vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI653458B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-11 | 國立臺北科技大學 | Method and device for estimating battery and battery management system |
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