CN102155461B - Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck - Google Patents
Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck Download PDFInfo
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- CN102155461B CN102155461B CN2011101030176A CN201110103017A CN102155461B CN 102155461 B CN102155461 B CN 102155461B CN 2011101030176 A CN2011101030176 A CN 2011101030176A CN 201110103017 A CN201110103017 A CN 201110103017A CN 102155461 B CN102155461 B CN 102155461B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic oil cylinder. A buffer jacket capable of sliding axially along a piston rod additional section is sheathed on the piston rod additional section positioned on a rodless cavity; and a rodless cavity sealing end surface which can block the buffer jacket and can be fitted with a first end surface of the buffer jacket to form a sealing surface is arranged in an oil cylinder cavity between a rodless cavity oil-passing hole and the final position of the rodless cavity end surface of a piston rod in stretching-out motion, at least one throttling oil duct is arranged, in the stretching-out motion process of the piston rod, when a first end surface of the buffer jacket is fitted with the rodless cavity sealing end surface, the sealing surface is formed, and when the piston rod reaches the final position of the piston rod in the stretching-out motion, the hydraulic oil that the sealing surface closes to one side of a piston can flow to the rodless cavity oil-passing hole through the throttling oil duct. The hydraulic oil cylinder has the advantages that the buffer structure is processed simply and the effect is good. The invention also provides a hydraulic buffer system, an excavator and a concrete pump truck which all use the hydraulic oil cylinder.
Description
The application be submitted that Patent Office of the People's Republic of China, application number are 201010235136.2 on 07 23rd, 2010 to, denomination of invention divides an application for the one Chinese patent application of " a kind of hydraulic jack and relevant apparatus thereof, and hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete mixer ", its full content combines in this application by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hydraulics field, especially relate to a kind of hydraulic jack.The present invention is provided for the relevant apparatus of above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, and the hydraulic buffer system that uses this hydraulic jack, uses excavator, the concrete mixer of this hydraulic jack.
Background technique
Hydraulic jack is widely used parts in the engineering machinery, and in its working procedure, piston needs continuous to-and-fro motion.When piston rod reached limit position, piston end surface can produce very big impact to end cap, might cause the damage of hydraulic jack.For this reason, need damping device be set, avoid of the damage of above-mentioned percussion hydraulic jack at this position.
Existing damping device is different according to hydraulic jack application and size, has very big difference.Small-sized oil cylinder can directly adopt stage clip as damping device, still, and for the hydraulic jack of big cylinder diameter, big stroke; If adopt stage clip as damping device; With the very difficult enough springs of elasticity that obtain, and because its pressure is very big, spring will soon damage owing to compressing repeatedly.Therefore, the hydraulic jack for big cylinder diameter, big stroke adopts hydraulic cushion mechanism shown in Figure 1 usually.
Please referring to Fig. 1, this illustrates, and said damping device is included in minibuffer ring of installing on the middle annular groove that the piston rod additional sections offers 06 and the minibuffer that is enclosed within piston rod additional sections cover 04; Corresponding minibuffer cover 04 at the lid oral area of the rodless cavity end cap 01 of oil cylinder, is provided with the buffering endoporus 07 that the external diameter of internal diameter and said minibuffer cover 04 matches.When said piston rod was withdrawn, said minibuffer cover 04 at first inserted in the said buffering endoporus 07, makes the oil return circuit of rodless cavity in the cylinder barrel 02 blocked, meanwhile, and the gap formation throttling oil duct between minibuffer cover 04 and the buffering endoporus 07; Like this, piston 05 can continue to receive throttling oil duct damping function simultaneously to the retracted orientation motion, and its movement velocity descends.And piston 05 is near more from piston rod 03 withdrawal final position, and the throttling oil duct between minibuffer cover 04 and the buffering endoporus 07 is long more, and the damping of throttling oil duct is big more, and the motion of piston 05 is slow more, up to finally arriving piston rod 03 retraction movement final position stably.
Above-mentioned damping mechanism is widely used in the hydraulic jack of big cylinder diameter, big stroke at present, for hydraulic jack provides buffering guarantor preferably.
But also there is obvious defects in above-mentioned damping mechanism.At first, in above-mentioned big cylinder diameter, big stroke hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic jack often is operated under big load, the high-frequency operating conditions.For example, the driving oil cylinder of the occasions such as digging arm driving of excavator use.At this moment, the big cushion collar 04 in the above-mentioned damping mechanism need insert said buffering endoporus 07 repeatedly with high speed, and matching gap between the two was original just very little, and piston rod 03 is very heavy, and it is easily to lopsidedness under the effect of gravity; Therefore, the hydraulic jack that above-mentioned occasion is used is easy to occur cushion collar 04 can't insert the damping mechanism fault in the buffering endoporus 07, causes whole hydraulic jack normally not use.
Another key issue of above-mentioned damping mechanism is that the outside dimension of big cushion collar 04 must accurately cooperate with the internal diameter of said buffering endoporus 07, otherwise just can't realize buffer function; It is high that this just causes the accuracy of manufacturing of this damping mechanism to require, and the manufacture level of general producer is difficult to reach.Because the excessive demand of above-mentioned accuracy of manufacturing, cause the hydraulic jack of big stroke, big cylinder diameter to become the bottleneck problem that engineering machinery such as excavator is produced, seriously limited the throughput of each manufacturer that is in the downstream link.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and the damping mechanism of this hydraulic jack can realize having longer working life by cushioning effect reliably under big load, high-frequency operating mode.And the accuracy of manufacturing of this hydraulic jack requires low, is convenient to tissue production.This hydraulic jack is specially adapted to the manufacturing of big cylinder diameter, long stroke hydraulic oil cylinder.
The present invention provides above-mentioned hydraulic jack relevant device simultaneously, comprises piston rod, rod chamber end cap and the cushion collar of its use.
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic buffer system that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of excavator that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of concrete mixer that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and this hydraulic jack is being positioned at the piston rod additional sections of rodless cavity, and being with can be along said piston rod additional sections cushion collar in axial sliding; The end face of this cushion collar at the bottom of the cylinder barrel tube is called cushion collar first end face; In the oil cylinder cavity between the final position of the piston rodless cavity end face of rodless cavity oil-through hole and piston rod retraction movement, be provided with and stop cushion collar and can fit and form the airtight end face of rodless cavity of sealing surface with said cushion collar first end face; Also be provided with at least one throttling oil duct; In piston rod retraction movement process; Form beginning from cushion collar first end face and the airtight end face applying of said rodless cavity, said sealing surface; When piston rod return back to said retraction movement final position, lean on the hydraulic oil of piston one side to flow to the rodless cavity oil-through hole through this throttling oil duct at said sealing surface.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct vertically straight line be arranged between piston rod and the cushion collar.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct is called first end near an end of piston, is called second end near an end of rodless cavity oil-through hole, and the cross-section area of throttling oil duct increases to second end from said first end gradually.
Preferably, when said piston rod was retracted to the final position, said cushion collar was at regular intervals from its terminal point towards the piston direction slip.
Preferably; When said cushion collar first end face contacts with the airtight end face of said rodless cavity when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rodless cavity oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.
Preferably, the elastic element of installing in the said rodless cavity with compression elasticity withstands on terminal the ending on the shoulder of piston rod additional sections with said cushion collar.
Preferably, the shoulder that ends that said piston rod additional sections is terminal adopts the card bond structure that comprises two woodruff keies.
Preferably, in the retraction movement final position of said piston rod, be provided with allow said cushion collar through but can the piston that piston is blocked in this position be stopped shoulder.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct main body is the throttling groove that axially is provided with on piston rod additional sections surface.
Preferably, the cross-section area of said throttling groove increases to second end near the rodless cavity oil-through hole from first end near piston gradually; Its width is constant, and the increase of this cross-section area is embodied in the increase of its degree of depth.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct main body is the throttling groove that axially is provided with on piston rod additional sections surface, and the cross-section area of said throttling groove increases to second end near the rodless cavity oil-through hole from first end near piston gradually; Said card key is provided with circular groove by piston end face, and the outlet of said throttling groove is communicated with this circular groove.
Preferably, one or several annular grooves are set as compensating groove in said piston rod additional sections; Perhaps, one or more annular groove is set as compensating groove at the cushion collar aperture surface, the cross section of this annular groove can be V-type, U type or square.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct comprises two sections, is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod surface near the leading portion of first end, is axially extended dark oil duct in piston rod near the back segment of second end; The degree of depth of said throttling groove is deepened to second extreme direction from first end gradually.
Preferably; Said throttling oil duct is included in axially extended dark oil duct in the piston rod, and the fuel-economizing hole of some connection piston rod surfaces and this dark oil duct, and above-mentioned fuel-economizing hole is along the piston rod surface axial distribution; And near the fuel-economizing hole of throttling oil duct second end, its aperture is big more more; Second end of said throttling oil duct is exactly dark oil duct outlet, and said fuel-economizing hole is first end of throttling oil duct.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct is the scarf that on piston rod surface, axially is provided with, and this scarf is tilted to piston rod additional sections end direction by piston end surface.
Preferably, the airtight end face of said rodless cavity is arranged on the rodless cavity end cap.
The present invention provides a kind of relevant apparatus of hydraulic jack simultaneously; It specifically is piston rod; This piston rod is provided with at least one axially extended throttling oil duct in the additional sections that is positioned at rodless cavity, and a termination of this throttling oil duct is bordering on the piston rodless cavity end face position behind the installation piston, is called first end; Its other end is positioned at the not cushion collar first end face position when stopping of cushion collar at least, perhaps more near the terminal position of additional sections, be called second end; Said additional sections end is provided with only shoulder.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct is the throttling groove that is opened in piston rod surface, throttling groove straight line setting vertically, and its cross-section area increases to second end from first end gradually.
Preferably, the outer diametric plane of said piston rod additional sections is provided with some annular grooves as the balance oil groove.
The present invention provides the relevant apparatus of other a kind of hydraulic jack simultaneously, specifically is cushion collar, and its external diameter is less than the internal diameter of cylinder of the hydraulic jack of being worked, and its internal diameter makes it can be enclosed within piston rod buffering position and goes up and axially be free to slide; When it is installed away from first end face of piston one side can and the oil cylinder cavity in, the airtight end face of rodless cavity between the retraction movement final position of rodless cavity oil-through hole and piston rodless cavity end face fits, and forms sealing surface.
The central boss that cooperates with stage clip is set on cushion collar second end face that preferably, this cushion collar is relative with the airtight end face of cushion collar.
The present invention provides a kind of relevant apparatus of hydraulic jack, specifically is the piston rod additional sections, and its front portion is provided with the externally threaded head that has that cooperates with the tapped hole of piston rod body tail end end face; End is provided with the card bond structure; Be provided with the throttling oil duct at its body; One termination of this throttling oil duct is bordering on the piston rodless cavity end face position behind the installation piston; Its other end is positioned at the not airtight end face of the cushion collar position when stopping of cushion collar at least, perhaps more near the terminal position of piston rod additional sections.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct is the throttling groove that is opened in piston rod additional sections surface, and this throttling groove is provided with vertically, and its cross-section area increases to second end from first end gradually.
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic buffer system, and this buffer system is used above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme.
The present invention provides a kind of excavator simultaneously, and this excavator uses above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme at least.
The present invention provides a kind of concrete mixer simultaneously, and this concrete mixer uses above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme at least.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention; Its cushion collar first end face can be when the piston rod retraction movement reaches the position that needs buffering; Cooperate with the airtight end face of rodless cavity that is arranged in the rodless cavity; Form the sealing surface that cuts off oil circuit, the sealing face is divided into two cavitys with rodless cavity, wherein is positioned at sealing surface and leans on the cavity of piston one side to be called the buffering oil pocket; Another cavity then is positioned at sealing surface and leans on rodless cavity oil-through hole one side.Hydraulic oil in the said buffering oil pocket promotes to have bigger oil pressure down at piston, can be with firm being pressed on the airtight end face of said rodless cavity of said cushion collar first end face, and make both fit sealing effects of sealing surface of formation more firm; This oil cylinder also is provided with the throttling oil duct, and this throttling oil duct forms at said sealing surface, till the said retraction movement of the piston arrives final position during this period of time in, can the oil circuit that flow to oil-through hole one side be provided for the hydraulic oil in the buffering oil pocket.Because after the sealing surface of said partition oil circuit formed, hydraulic oil can only flow to oil-through hole through the throttling oil duct, and the oil circuit of throttling oil duct is very narrow, the hydraulic oil passing capacity is limited, makes piston motion must receive great resistance, plays buffer function.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention; Above-mentioned throttling oil duct straight line vertically is arranged between piston rod additional sections and the cushion collar; Its first end in rod chamber near the position of the rod chamber end face of piston; To any one position between the rod chamber top, and this position is when piston rod reaches terminal point, still in cylinder barrel at cushion collar first end face in its outlet; Through above-mentioned setting, can, sealing surface just can form the throttling oil duct after forming, avoid the piston clamping stagnation.
In further preferred version, said throttling oil duct main body is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod surface, and the cross-section area of throttling groove strengthens to outlet from first end gradually.Like this; Along with piston moves to the retraction movement final position; The relative position of said cushion collar on piston rod moves closer to throttling oil duct first end position, reduces gradually from the discharge capacity of buffering oil pocket one side direction oil-through hole one side of said sealing surface, and the resistance that piston continues withdrawal strengthens gradually; Piston movement speed reduces gradually, obtains good cushioning effect.Because the throttling groove that adopts axial straight line to be provided with, under the constant situation of the width of throttling groove,, reach the smooth-going purpose of buffering course as long as controlling the change in depth of throttling groove well just can well control restriction effect.
In further preferred implementation of the present invention; Be provided with under the situation of throttling groove; Outside the piston rod additional sections, some circular grooves are set as the balance oil groove on diametric plane or the cushion collar aperture surface, this balance oil groove can match with said throttling groove, makes hydraulic oil on the cushion collar aperture surface, obtain evenly to distribute; Deflection can not occur when the airtight end face of said cushion collar first end face and rod chamber is fitted, guarantee that sealing surface is firm.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Require following condition to set up: when first end face of said cushion collar contacts the formation sealing surface with the airtight end face of said rodless cavity, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rodless cavity oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.Above-mentioned requirements guarantees through the suitable design to two end faces of cushion collar easily.If above-mentioned condition is false; In the instant that said sealing surface forms, the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is basic identical, cushion collar first end face with certain speed against the airtight end face of rodless cavity; May can't compacting in this moment, influence the smoothness of the buffering of this time point.After guaranteeing that above-mentioned condition is set up; Then the oil pressure near piston one side of sealing surface multiply by the cushion collar axial action area acquisition total pressure V1 of this end, and sealing surface multiply by the area acquisition total pressure V2 of cushion collar at this end near the oil pressure of rodless cavity oil outlet one side; Because the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is identical in the instant that forms sealing surface, so the total pressure of the bigger side of area is bigger, i.e. V1＞V2, like this, cushion collar just is compacted on the airtight end face of said rodless cavity, has guaranteed the smooth-going of buffering course.
Other preferred implementations of the present invention also provide other forms of throttling oil duct, and these throttling oil ducts can obtain good earial drainage effect.
The present invention also provides the parts such as piston rod, rod chamber end cap and big cushion collar that are used for above-mentioned hydraulic jack, and these parts are realizes that above-mentioned damping mechanism has carried out special design.
The present invention also provides the buffer system of using above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, uses the hydraulic buffer system of this hydraulic jack can obtain the cushioning effect of favorable and stable.
The present invention also provides excavator and the concrete mixer that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, and through using above-mentioned hydraulic jack, excavator and concrete mixer can obtain longer accident-free duration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts cushion collar to insert the hydraulic jack of the damping mechanism of well format in the buffering in the background technique;
Fig. 2 is the mechanical construction drawing of the hydraulic jack that provides of first embodiment of the invention, and piston is not withdrawn into the rodless cavity buffer position as yet among the figure;
Fig. 3 is the parts drawing of the piston rod of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is that this figure is that the A-A of piston rod 3 is to view;
Fig. 5 is the state of the hydraulic jack of first embodiment of the invention when being in the position that sealing surface begins to form;
Fig. 6 is the state of the hydraulic jack of first embodiment of the invention when being in piston motion and breasting the tape the position;
Fig. 7 is the piston rod parts drawing that the throttling oil duct adopts the scarf form;
Fig. 8 is the terminal card bond structure figure of piston additional sections.
Embodiment
First embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and this hydraulic jack is provided with damping device in its rodless cavity one side.
Please referring to Fig. 2, this figure is the mechanical construction drawing of the hydraulic jack that provides of first embodiment of the invention.Among this figure, piston is not withdrawn into the rodless cavity buffer position as yet.
As shown in Figure 2, this hydraulic jack comprises rodless cavity end cap 1, cylinder barrel 2, piston rod 3, cushion collar 4, spring 5, piston 6 etc.
Said cylinder barrel 2 provides the space of airtight hydraulic oil for this hydraulic jack, and the inner chamber of this cylinder barrel 2 can be divided into rod chamber 2-1 and rodless cavity 2-2 along the axially movable piston 6 of inner bore cavity, and the cavity that said piston rod 3 main bodys belong to is rod chamber 2-1.The outer diametric plane of said piston 6 cooperates with the aperture surface of cylinder barrel 2, and outside this, is provided with multiple-sealed circle on the diametric plane, and the hydraulic oil that makes above-mentioned rod chamber 2-1 and rodless cavity 2-2 is by isolated fully each other.In order to settle the damping device of rodless cavity; Said piston rod 3 also is provided with the piston rod additional sections 3a that is positioned at rodless cavity one side; This piston rod additional sections 3a and piston rod 3 connect as one; Specifically can cooperate with the tapped hole of piston rod 3 main body tail end end faces, itself and piston rod 3 main bodys are connected as one through the outside thread of its head.Certainly, this piston rod additional sections 3a can be made into integration with the main body of piston rod 3 fully.
Said rodless cavity end cap 1 seals up said cylinder barrel 2 in the termination of the rodless cavity 2-2 of cylinder barrel 2 side; And rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1 is provided on this rodless cavity end cap 1; This rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1 connects oil pipe, and the passage of turnover rodless cavity 2-2 is provided for the hydraulic oil of whole cylinder barrel 2 inner chambers.The passage of hydraulic oil turnover rod chamber 2-1 is then provided by the rod chamber oil-through hole on the end cap that is arranged on cylinder barrel 2.Present embodiment is only introduced the damping device of rodless cavity one side, does not relate to the situation of rod chamber 2-1 one side.
The damping mechanism of this hydraulic jack comprises cushion collar 4, spring 5, and at piston 6, piston rod 3 and rodless cavity end cap 1.
Said cushion collar 4 is enclosed within piston rod 3 and is positioned on the piston rod additional sections 3a of rodless cavity 2-2.Said piston rod additional sections 3a is one section that increases in piston rod 3 body tip in order to settle buffer structure, and this section is arranged in the rodless cavity of piston.At the end of this piston rod additional sections 3a, be provided with only shoulder 3-2, make the said cushion collar 4 can be from piston rod additional sections 3a slippage.The internal diameter of cushion collar 4 can endwisely slip it on piston rod 3, while gap between the two is less again; The external diameter of cushion collar 4 then is significantly less than the internal diameter of said cylinder barrel 2.Cushion collar 4 is that the end face of rodless cavity end cap 1 one sides is a plane with outer rim chamfering towards the oil cylinder bottom, and this plane is called the cushion collar first end face 4-1.The other end of cushion collar 4 is called the cushion collar second end face 4-2, also is provided with the boss 4-3 that is used for fixing spring 5.
The stage clip of said spring 5 for having compressive tension, this spring 5 is enclosed within on the said piston rod additional sections 3a, and its bottom heads on piston 6 on the end face of rodless cavity 2-2 one side, and piston 6 these end faces are provided with the spring boss, with fixing this spring.The end of spring 5 then withstands the boss 4-3 of said cushion collar 4.This spring 5 is dependence with the end face of said piston 6, withstands said cushion collar 4 with its elastic force, makes cushion collar 4 when piston rod 3 is not withdrawn into buffer position, and its cushion collar first end face 4-1 withstands the only shoulder 3-2 of said piston rod additional sections 3a.The elastic force of this spring 6 can withstand when being enough to make said cushion collar 4 not stopped only that shoulder 3-2 gets final product, and promptly these spring 6 roles are reset response.
Said rodless cavity end cap 1 is disposed with rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1, the airtight end face 1-2 of rodless cavity from caping to the lid mouth.The airtight end face 1-2 of said rodless cavity is the step surface that is complete annular that is provided with in rodless cavity end cap 1 inner chamber, and its step surface is towards the direction of piston 6.This airtight end face 1-2 can be when piston rod 3 return back to the position that needs buffering, matches with the said cushion collar first end face 4-1 to form airtight of the hydraulic oil that cuts off among the rodless cavity 2-2.The lid notch portion of rodless cavity end cap 1 is close to the inner wall of cylinder face; The diameter of said cushion collar 4 can pass through this section when making its rollback less than the internal diameter of this lid notch portion; Piston 6 then can block by tegmentum mouth end face; Therefore, the lid mouth of rodless cavity end cap 1 has also formed and can stop shoulder 1-3 to the piston that the exercise end of piston 6 is located.
The structure relevant with damping mechanism that is provided with on the said piston rod additional sections 3 is many, except that ending the shoulder 3-2, also is provided with throttling groove, balance oil groove etc., below is elaborated.Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 3, this figure is the parts drawing of piston rod 3; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 4, this figure is that the A-A of piston rod additional sections 3a is to view.
The tail end of said piston rod 3 is provided with the only shoulder 3-2 that is used for the cushion collar location, and the said shoulder that ends comprises card key 3-2-1, card keycap 3-2-2 and back-up ring 3-2-3; Said card key 3-2-1 is two semi-annular shape structures, and its cross section is the L type, one side the said piston rod additional sections 3a tail end that is installed on of its L type block accordingly in the key groove, Yi Bian in addition then towards piston direction.Be provided with annular groove 3-2-4 towards one side of piston, the position of this annular groove 3-2-4 can be connected it mutually with said throttling groove 3-1 second end.Said card keycap 3-2-2 is an annular, is enclosed within the card key groove location that card key 3-2-1 has been installed, and plays the effect of fixing said card key 3-2-1; Said back-up ring 3-2-3 then is embedded in the circlip groove of least significant end, is used for the location to said card keycap 3-2-2.Should end shoulder structure and can be used as general bayonet arrangement, be used for other occasion.Because second end of corresponding said throttling groove 3-1, said card key 3-2-1 is provided with annular groove 3-2-4, as can beappreciated from fig. 4, and the outlet that said throttling groove 3-1 is just in time aimed in the position of this annular groove 3-2-4.Because card key 3-2-1 is divided into two up and down; The hydraulic oil that flows into annular groove 3-2-4 from throttling groove 3-1 can flow out in the gap between two-part up and down through card key 3-2-1; Therefore; This annular groove 3-2-4 is the outlet passage that the hydraulic oil of said throttling groove 3-1 outlet outflow provides outflow; The instant of especially just having fitted at the said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the airtight end face 1-2 of said rodless cavity provides the hydraulic pressure oil outlet, avoids the situation that the resistance hydraulic damping increases suddenly occurring, guarantees to operate steadily.
On the side face of said piston rod additional sections 3, evenly be furnished with some annular grooves, these annular grooves are called balance oil groove 3-3.The cross section of these balance oil grooves 3-3 can be U type, V-type or square base, and other forms, optionally confirms, its degree of depth also can optionally be confirmed through overtesting.The effect of these balance oil grooves 3-3 is when throttling groove 3-1 earial drainage, can realize circumferential oil pressure balance, avoids cushion collar 4 under unbalanced oil pressure effect, to occur tilting, and the sealing surface when causing cushioning is airtight not tight.
Below introduce the working procedure of damping mechanism of the hydraulic jack of present embodiment.Situation when earlier figures 2 is piston 6 no show buffer position still; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 5, the situation when this illustrates buffering course and begins; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 6, the situation when this illustrates the buffering course end.
In position shown in Figure 2, piston rod 3 has just begun retraction movement, does not reach the position that needs buffering as yet.At this moment, said cushion collar 4 is under the resilient force of spring 5, and its cushion collar first end face 4-1 withstands the only shoulder 3-2 on the piston rod additional sections 3a end.Before piston 6 does not move to buffer position as yet, and after piston rod 3 retraction movement made the cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the airtight end face 1-2 of said rodless cavity separates, cushion collar 4 all can be withstood on the only position of shoulder 3-2, therefore, and 5 reset responses of said spring.Along with the withdrawal of piston rod 3 is moved, the hydraulic oil among the rodless cavity 2-1 receives the promotion of piston, flows to rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1 direction, and flows out from said rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1.Cushion collar 4 moves with piston 6 and piston rod 3; After moving a segment distance, cushion collar 4 promptly passes through the lid oral area of said rodless cavity end cap 1, because the external diameter of said cushion collar 4 is less than the lid oral area; This cushion collar 4 can continue along with piston rod 3 moves, and can not be blocked.
Cushion collar 4 is through behind the said lid oral area, and very fast its first end face 4-1 will fit with the airtight end face 1-2 of the rodless cavity on the rodless cavity end cap 1.Promptly move to position shown in Figure 5; The airtight end face 1-2 of rodless cavity on said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the said rodless cavity end cap 1 against; Two end faces are fitted each other and are formed complete sealing surface; The hydraulic oil that is promoted by piston 6 among the rodless cavity 2-1 flowed to rodless cavity originally and crosses the path of hydraulic fluid port and be blocked, and cushion collar 4 stops to follow piston rod 3 and travels forward owing to being blocked by said airtight end face 1-2.
In the instant that said sealing surface forms, the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is basic identical, the cushion collar first end face 4-1 with certain speed against the airtight end face 1-2 of rodless cavity, may can't compacting in this moment, influence the smoothness of the buffering of this time point.For this reason; In design; Guaranteed the establishment of following condition: when the airtight end face 1-2 of the first end face 4-1 and said rod chamber of said cushion collar contacts when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rodless cavity oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.In this embodiment, the area of two end faces of cushion collar 4 is consistent, but after sealing surface forms, because the first end face 4-1 is covered by part, makes above-mentioned condition be able to set up.After above-mentioned condition was set up, then the oil pressure near piston one side of sealing surface multiply by the cushion collar axial action area acquisition total pressure V1 of this end, and sealing surface multiply by the area acquisition total pressure V2 of cushion collar at this end near the oil pressure of rod chamber oil outlet one side; Because the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is identical in the instant that forms sealing surface; So the total pressure of the side that area is bigger is bigger, i.e. V1＞V2, like this; Cushion collar just is compacted on the airtight end face 1-2 of said rodless cavity, has guaranteed that sealing surface sets up the smooth-going of process.
After sealing surface was set up, cushion collar 4 was equivalent to form an one-way valve with said rodless cavity end cap 1, and oil circuit is blocked.At this moment; The hydraulic oil of rodless cavity is divided into two cavitys by said sealing surface, wherein leans on being called of piston 3 one sides to cushion oil pocket T, and the hydraulic oil among this buffering oil pocket T receives the promotion of piston 6; And its major avenues of approach that flows to the rodless cavity oil-through hole is restricted owing to the formation of said sealing surface; The pressure of this buffering oil pocket is further improved, and this oil pressure that increases is enough to said cushion collar 4 is pressed on the airtight end face 1-2 of said rodless cavity, makes sealing surface more reliable.
Hydraulic oil can only flow to above-mentioned airtight rodless cavity oil-through hole 1-1 one side through throttling groove 3-1 this moment.Form the initial stage at sealing surface, because the degree of depth of said throttling groove 3-1 is darker relatively in outlet one side, promptly the flow passing capacity of throttling groove 3-1 is higher, makes the hydraulic oil that flows out through throttling groove 3-1 more relatively.Along with the continuation campaign of piston rod 3, said sealing surface moves with respect to piston rod additional sections 3 backward, and the degree of depth that connects the throttling groove 3-1 of said sealing surface both sides shoals gradually, causes the flow passing capacity of throttling groove 3-1 to reduce gradually.In said process; Hydraulic oil is full of on the shaft part at said cushion collar place through said balance oil groove 3-3 through throttling groove 3-1 the time, makes oil pressure that cushion collar receives in each circumferential position balance; Guaranteed that cushion collar 4 can deflection, guaranteed the obturation effect of said sealing surface.
After reaching position shown in Figure 6, the piston that piston 6 is formed by the rodless cavity end cap of rodless cavity end cap 1 lid mouthful end face stops that shoulder 1-3 blocks and can't move on, and piston rod 3 reaches the final position of its withdrawal; First end of said throttling groove 3-1 has got in the cushion collar 4 at this moment, and the throttling oil duct is by base closed, and buffering course finishes.It should be noted that when piston rod 3 is retracted to stroke terminal that in order to make the rodless cavity quick oil feeding, cushion collar 4 no show final positions still can be towards the piston 6 directions determining deviation L that slides.When piston rod 3 stretches out; Oil-through hole 1-1 oil-feed promotes cushion collar 4 and slides compression reseting spring 5 to piston 6 directions under the effect of pressure oil; The first end face 4-1 of cushion collar 4 separates with the airtight end face 1-2 of rodless cavity end cap 1; Cross the oily 1-1 of mistake and directly communicate with rodless cavity, hydraulic oil gets in the rodless cavity, promotes piston 6 motions.Piston rod 3 is in the process of stretching out, and cushion collar 4 interacts with rodless cavity end cap 1 and played the effect of one-way valve.The spacing L of cushion collar 4 between its terminal point that slides towards piston 6 directions.L is big more, and the airtight end face 1-2 separating distance of first end face 4-1 of cushion collar 4 and rod chamber end cap 1 is just big more, and the flow that hydraulic oil gets in the rodless cavity is just many more.L is more little, and the airtight end face 1-2 separating distance of first end face 4-1 of cushion collar 4 and rod chamber end cap 1 is just more little, and the flow that hydraulic oil gets in the rodless cavity is just more little.After piston 6 moved to the final position, the second end face 4-2 of said cushion collar 4 and the rodless cavity end face of piston 6 remained at spacing L, and this spacing has guaranteed that said cushion collar 4 can not stop the proper motion of piston 6.
In fact; Owing to have the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod 3; Therefore, the hydraulic oil of very small amount also can get into throttling groove 3-1 through gap between the two and realize earial drainage, like this; After throttling groove 3-1 first end was cushioned cover 4 fully and covers, also can there be too much hydraulic oil in piston 6 in the buffering oil pocket and by clamping stagnation because of existing; Certainly, first end of said throttling groove 3-1 also can also expose outside cushion collar 4 when piston rod 3 arrives its withdrawal final position fully.The concrete design of first end position of throttling groove 3-1 wherein and with the position relation of cushion collar 4 can be according to the needs design of buffering damping.
In above-mentioned buffering course, the damping function of hydraulic oil forms from sealing surface and begins to strengthen; Especially through the change in depth of said throttling groove 3-1, throttling capacity is increased gradually, hydraulic damping increases gradually; The speed that piston 6 is reached before the final position reduces gradually; Last segment distance is last, even possibly only utilize the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod additional sections 3a to form the throttling oil circuit, makes in the whole buffering course; Hydraulic damping strengthens gradually, has avoided the impact to rodless cavity end cap 1 and cylinder barrel 2.
In the above-mentioned damping mechanism,, control the change curve of its throttling capacity, guarantee that piston 6 can obtain buffering course very stably guaranteeing to pass through control under the constant situation of width to the change in depth of throttling groove 3-1.
In fact, the balance oil groove also can not be arranged on the piston rod 3, and is arranged on the aperture surface of cushion collar 4, its effect be arranged on piston rod 3 on identical.In addition, said balance oil groove 3-3 can not be the annular groove form in fact also, for example can adopt thread groove, is good with the annular groove that uses in the present embodiment still, because its processing is more convenient, and has better counterbalance effect.
In the above-described embodiments, the passage that sealing surface forms connection sealing surface both sides, back cavity is referred to as the throttling oil duct, and in the above-described embodiments, the main body of throttling oil duct is said throttling groove, and still, in difference constantly, the composition of throttling oil duct is also inequality.In the instant that sealing surface has just formed, the annular groove 3-2-4 of corresponding said throttling groove setting has born the effect of the outlet of throttling passage on card key 3-2-1, plays an important role for the smooth-going of buffering course.When cushion collar 4 slides into buffering position terminal point, if being cushioned cover, throttling groove covers fully, then the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod 3 also constitutes the part of throttling oil duct.
In the foregoing description, the outlet of throttling oil duct is arranged on the card key recess sidewall, and in fact, the throttling oil duct can be set to more terminal position, for example on the distal end faces of piston rod additional sections.
In the above-described embodiments; The face seal face that contacts for face that airtight end face of said rodless cavity and said cushion collar first end face are fitted and formed; In fact; Also can carry out correspondence design to gentle cover first end face that dashes of the airtight end face of rodless cavity, both are fitted the back forms airtight be any one form in face seal form such as plane sealing or conical surface seal or curved surface sealing or the linear sealing.
Although in the foregoing description, throttling oil duct main body has adopted the form of the throttling groove that is arranged on piston rod additional sections 3a surface, and in fact, the throttling oil duct can be selected other structural type.
For example, the throttling oil duct can comprise two sections, is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod additional sections surface near the leading portion of first end, is axially extended dark oil duct in the piston rod additional sections near the back segment of outlet, so also can play throttling action.Said throttling groove also can be set to from first end to outlet the form of intensification gradually for one section, to play cushioning effect stably.
A kind of in addition mode is; Said throttling oil duct is included in buffering axle sleeve axis to the dark oil duct that extends, and the fuel-economizing hole of some connection piston rod additional sections surface and this dark oil duct, and above-mentioned fuel-economizing hole is along the piston rod surface axial distribution; And near the fuel-economizing hole of terminal position, its aperture is big more more; Like this, along with the slip of cushion collar on piston rod, piston rod 3 more approaching withdrawal final positions, its discharge capacity is more little, and the hydraulic damping effect is big more, and velocity of piston is reduced gradually, obtains buffering course comparatively stably.
Said throttling oil duct can also be the scarf 3-5 that on piston rod additional sections 3a surface, axially is provided with shown in Figure 7.This scarf 3-5 near piston region to ending shoulder 3-2, scarf can be provided with one or more.Like this, hydraulic oil can flow out through this scarf 3-5 after the airtight end face 1-2 on said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the rodless cavity end cap 1 forms airtight, forms the throttling oil duct.Adopt this scarf 3-5 as the throttling oil duct, can make the position of piston rod 3 at more approaching withdrawal terminal point equally, discharge capacity is more little, and the hydraulic damping effect is big more, and piston 6 speed are reduced gradually, obtains buffering course comparatively stably.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for hydraulic buffer system replaces existing oil cylinder, can obtain the embodiment of hydraulic buffer system of the present invention.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for excavator, can obtains the embodiment of excavator of the present invention.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for concrete mixer, can obtains the embodiment of concrete mixer of the present invention.The engineering machinery that can also hydraulic jack provided by the invention be used for other type.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; But it is not to be used for limiting the present invention; Any those skilled in the art are not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; Can make possible change and modification, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the scope that claim of the present invention was defined.
Claims (14)
1. a hydraulic jack is characterized in that,
Be positioned at the piston rod additional sections of rodless cavity, being with can be along said piston rod additional sections cushion collar in axial sliding; The end face of this cushion collar at the bottom of the cylinder barrel tube is called cushion collar first end face;
In the oil cylinder cavity between the final position of the piston rodless cavity end face of rodless cavity oil-through hole and piston rod retraction movement, be provided with and stop cushion collar and can fit and form the airtight end face of rodless cavity of sealing surface with said cushion collar first end face;
Also be provided with at least one throttling oil duct; In piston rod retraction movement process; Form beginning from cushion collar first end face and the airtight end face applying of said rodless cavity, said sealing surface; When piston rod return back to said retraction movement final position, lean on the hydraulic oil of piston one side to flow to the rodless cavity oil-through hole through this throttling oil duct at said sealing surface; Said throttling oil duct main body is the throttling groove that is axially disposed between piston rod and the cushion collar;
When said piston rod was retracted to the final position, said cushion collar was at regular intervals from its terminal point towards the piston direction slip; The elastic element of installing in the said rodless cavity with compression elasticity, this elastic element withstands on terminal the ending on the shoulder of piston rod additional sections with said cushion collar.
2. hydraulic jack according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said throttling oil duct is called first end near an end of piston, is called second end near an end of rodless cavity oil-through hole, and the cross-section area of throttling oil duct increases to second end from said first end gradually.
3. hydraulic jack according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When said cushion collar first end face contacts with the airtight end face of said rodless cavity when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rodless cavity oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.
4. hydraulic jack according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the shoulder that ends that said piston rod additional sections is terminal adopts the card bond structure that comprises two woodruff keies.
5. hydraulic jack according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the retraction movement final position of said piston rod, be provided with allow said cushion collar through but can the piston that piston is blocked in this position be stopped shoulder.
6. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the cross-section area of said throttling groove increases to second end near the rodless cavity oil-through hole from first end near piston gradually; Its width is constant, and the increase of this cross-section area is embodied in the increase of its degree of depth.
7. hydraulic jack according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said card key is provided with circular groove by piston end face, and the outlet of said throttling groove is communicated with this circular groove.
8. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, one or several annular grooves are set as compensating groove in said piston rod additional sections; Perhaps, one or more annular groove is set as compensating groove at the cushion collar aperture surface, the cross section of this annular groove can be V-type, U type or square.
9. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 5; It is characterized in that; Said throttling oil duct comprises two sections, is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod additional sections surface near the leading portion of first end, is axially extended dark oil duct in the piston rod additional sections near the back segment of second end; The degree of depth of said throttling groove is deepened to second extreme direction from first end gradually.
10. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that said throttling oil duct is the scarf that on piston rod additional sections surface, axially is provided with, this scarf is tilted to piston rod additional sections end direction by piston end surface.
11., it is characterized in that the airtight end face of said rodless cavity is arranged on the rodless cavity end cap according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 5.
12. a hydraulic buffer system is characterized in that, comprises any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 11.
13. an excavator is characterized in that, uses an any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 11 at least.
14. a concrete mixer is characterized in that, uses an any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 11 at least.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101030176A CN102155461B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101030176A CN102155461B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102351362A Division CN102108989B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydrocylinder and related devices thereof, hydraulic buffer system, excavating machine and concrete pump truck |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102155461A CN102155461A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
| CN102155461B true CN102155461B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2011101030176A Active CN102155461B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010399A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Bradford Cylinders Ltd | Cushioning Means for Hydraulic Cylinders |
| DE102004007960A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-08 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Piston cylinder device, used as shock absorber, contains spring or piston damping ring support made from elastomer material |
| CN101311556A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-26 | 萱场工业株式会社 | Washer and hydrocylinder |
| CN201284769Y (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-08-05 | 云南兴长江实业有限公司 | Floating buffering mechanism of hydraulic cylinder |
| CN201288719Y (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2009-08-12 | 郑州宇通重工有限公司 | Buffer structure for hydraulic cylinder piston rod end |
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2010
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010399A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Bradford Cylinders Ltd | Cushioning Means for Hydraulic Cylinders |
| DE102004007960A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-08 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Piston cylinder device, used as shock absorber, contains spring or piston damping ring support made from elastomer material |
| CN101311556A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-26 | 萱场工业株式会社 | Washer and hydrocylinder |
| CN201284769Y (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-08-05 | 云南兴长江实业有限公司 | Floating buffering mechanism of hydraulic cylinder |
| CN201288719Y (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2009-08-12 | 郑州宇通重工有限公司 | Buffer structure for hydraulic cylinder piston rod end |
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| CN102155461A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
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