CN102155459B - Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck - Google Patents
Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck Download PDFInfo
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- CN102155459B CN102155459B CN2011101027633A CN201110102763A CN102155459B CN 102155459 B CN102155459 B CN 102155459B CN 2011101027633 A CN2011101027633 A CN 2011101027633A CN 201110102763 A CN201110102763 A CN 201110102763A CN 102155459 B CN102155459 B CN 102155459B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic oil cylinder. In the hydraulic oil cylinder, a buffer sleeve capable of sliding along the axial direction of a piston rod is sleeved at a buffer position on the piston rod; a rod cavity hermetic end face which can be used for blocking the buffer sleeve and can be jointed with the first end face of the buffer sleeve to form a sealing surface is arranged in an oil cylinder cavity between a rod cavity oil flow hole and a final position of the piston rod in stretching movement in a piston rod end face; at least one throttling oil channel is formed between the buffer sleeve and the piston rod; and in the stretching movement process of the piston rod, hydraulic oil on one side of the sealing surface close to a piston can flow towards the rod cavity oil flow hole through the throttling oil channel from the moment when the first end face of the buffer sleeve is jointed with the rod cavity hermetic end face and the sealing surface is formed to the moment when the piston reaches a final position in the stretching movement. The hydraulic oil cylinder has the advantages of easiness in machining of a buffer structure and good effect. The invention also provides a relevant device applied to the hydraulic oil cylinder, a hydraulic buffer system using the hydraulic oil cylinder, an excavator and a concrete pump truck.
Description
The application be submitted that Patent Office of the People's Republic of China, application number are 201010235137.7 on 07 23rd, 2010 to, (this application technological scheme of asking for protection has been submitted utility application to denomination of invention on the same day for the one Chinese patent application of " a kind of hydraulic jack and relevant apparatus thereof, and hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete mixer "; And fulfiled relevant formality) divide an application, its full content combines in this application by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hydraulics field, especially relate to a kind of hydraulic jack.The present invention is provided for the rod chamber end cap relevant apparatus of above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, and the hydraulic buffer system that uses this hydraulic jack, uses excavator, the concrete mixer of this hydraulic jack.
Background technique
Hydraulic jack is widely used parts in the engineering machinery, and in its working procedure, piston needs continuous to-and-fro motion.When piston rod reached limit position, piston end surface can produce very big impact to end cap, might cause the damage of hydraulic jack.For this reason, need damping device be set, avoid of the damage of above-mentioned percussion hydraulic jack at this position.
Existing damping device is different according to hydraulic jack application and size, has very big difference.Small-sized oil cylinder can directly adopt stage clip as damping device, still, and for the hydraulic jack of big cylinder diameter, big stroke; If adopt stage clip as damping device; With the very difficult enough springs of elasticity that obtain, and because its pressure is very big, spring will soon damage owing to compressing repeatedly.Therefore, the hydraulic jack for big cylinder diameter, big stroke adopts hydraulic cushion mechanism shown in Figure 1 usually.
Please referring to Fig. 1, this illustrates, and said damping device is included in big buffering ring of installing on the middle annular groove that the buffer position of piston rod offers 06 and the big cushion collar 04 that is enclosed within buffer position; Corresponding big cushion collar 04 in the lid oral area position of the rod chamber end cap 01 of oil cylinder, is provided with the buffering endoporus 07 that the external diameter of internal diameter and said big cushion collar 04 matches.When said piston rod stretched out, said big cushion collar 04 at first inserted in the said buffering endoporus 07, made the oil return circuit of rod chamber in the cylinder barrel 02 blocked, and meanwhile, the gap between big cushion collar 04 and the buffering endoporus 07 forms the throttling oil duct; Like this, piston 05 can continue to receive throttling oil duct damping function simultaneously to stretching out the direction motion, and its movement velocity descends.And it is near more that piston 05 stretches out the final position from piston rod 03, and the throttling oil duct between big cushion collar 04 and the buffering endoporus 07 is long more, and the damping of throttling oil duct is big more, and the motion of piston 05 is slow more, stretches out the final position up to finally arriving piston rod 03 stably.
Above-mentioned damping mechanism is widely used in the hydraulic jack of big cylinder diameter, big stroke, for hydraulic jack provides buffer protection preferably at present.
But also there is obvious defects in above-mentioned damping mechanism.At first, in above-mentioned big cylinder diameter, big stroke hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic jack often is operated under big load, the high-frequency operating conditions.For example, the driving oil cylinder of the occasions such as digging arm driving of excavator use.At this moment, the big cushion collar 04 in the above-mentioned damping mechanism need insert said buffering endoporus 07 repeatedly with high speed, and matching gap between the two was original just very little, and piston rod 03 is very heavy, and it is easily to lopsidedness under the effect of gravity; Therefore, the hydraulic jack that above-mentioned occasion is used is easy to occur cushion collar 04 can't insert the damping mechanism fault in the buffering endoporus 07, causes whole hydraulic jack normally not use.
Another key issue of above-mentioned damping mechanism is that the outside dimension of big cushion collar 04 must cooperate with the internal diameter precise gaps of said buffering endoporus 07, otherwise just can't realize buffer function; It is high that this just causes the accuracy of manufacturing of this damping mechanism to require, and the manufacture level of general producer is difficult to reach.Because the excessive demand of above-mentioned accuracy of manufacturing, cause the hydraulic jack of big stroke, big cylinder diameter to become the bottleneck problem that engineering machinery such as excavator is produced, seriously limited the throughput of each manufacturer that is in the downstream link.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and the damping mechanism of this hydraulic jack can realize having longer working life by cushioning effect reliably under big load, high-frequency operating mode.And the accuracy of manufacturing of this hydraulic jack requires low, is convenient to tissue production.This hydraulic jack is specially adapted to the manufacturing of big cylinder diameter, long stroke hydraulic oil cylinder.
The present invention provides above-mentioned hydraulic jack relevant device simultaneously, comprises piston rod, rod chamber end cap and the cushion collar of its use.
The present invention provides a kind of hydraulic buffer system that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of excavator that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of concrete mixer that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is positioned at piston rod that be with on the buffering position of rod chamber can be along piston rod cushion collar in axial sliding, and this cushion collar is called cushion collar first end face away from the end face of piston one side; In rod chamber oil-through hole and piston rod stretch out the oil cylinder cavity between the piston rod chamber end face final position of motion, be provided with and stop cushion collar and can fit and form the airtight end face of rod chamber of sealing surface with cushion collar first end face; Also be provided with at least one throttling oil duct; Stretch out in the movement process at piston rod; Form beginning from cushion collar first end face and the airtight end face applying of said rod chamber, said sealing surface; When stretching out the exercise end position, can flow to the rod chamber oil-through hole through this throttling oil duct near the hydraulic oil of piston one side at said sealing surface to piston arrives is said.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct vertically straight line be arranged between piston rod and the cushion collar.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct is called first end near an end of piston, is called second end near an end of rod chamber oil-through hole, and the cross-section area of throttling oil duct increases to second end from said first end gradually.
Preferably, when said piston rod extend out to stroke terminal, said cushion collar was at regular intervals from its terminal point towards the piston direction slip.
Preferably; When first end face of said cushion collar contacts with the airtight end face of said rod chamber when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rod chamber oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.
Preferably, said piston rod is provided with buffering position and ends shoulder, and when said cushion collar was not stopped by the airtight end face of said rod chamber, cushion collar first end face ended and takeing on being resisted against this buffering position under the effect of the elastic element with compression elasticity.
Preferably, said piston rod stretch out the exercise end position, be provided with allow said cushion collar through but can the piston that piston is blocked in this position be stopped shoulder.
Preferably, form face seal or linear sealing after the airtight end face of said cushion collar first end face and rod chamber is fitted.
Preferably, the main body of said throttling oil duct is the throttling groove that axial straight line is arranged on piston rod surface.
Preferably, when said cushion collar is stopped by the airtight end face of said rod chamber, during towards said piston direction slide relative, said throttling groove actual internal area is along with diminishing at said cushion collar
Preferably, said buffering position only offers fuel-displaced groove on the shoulder, the terminal point setting of the corresponding throttling groove of this fuel-displaced groove.
Preferably, the outer surface in the position, said buffering position of piston rod is provided with one or several circular grooves as compensating groove; Perhaps, one or more circular groove is set as compensating groove at the cushion collar aperture surface; The cross section of this circular groove can be V-type, U type or square or other section forms.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct comprises two sections, and near the leading portion of piston, its main body is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod surface, is axially extended dark oil duct in piston rod near the main body of rod chamber oil-through hole back segment.
Preferably; Said throttling oil duct is included in axially extended dark oil duct in the piston rod, and the fuel-economizing hole of some connection piston rod surfaces and this dark oil duct, and above-mentioned oil inlet hole is along the piston rod surface axial distribution; And the fuel-economizing hole of more approaching dark oil duct outlet, its aperture is big more; Second end of said throttling oil duct is exactly dark oil duct outlet, and said fuel-economizing hole is throttling oil duct first end.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct main body is the scarf that on piston rod surface, axially is provided with.
Preferably, be with the spacer shell that cooperates with piston rod in buffer position, said throttling oil duct is arranged on this spacer shell.
Preferably, said spacer shell is provided with one or several circular grooves as compensating groove; The cross section of this circular groove can be V-type, U type or square or other section forms.
Preferably, the airtight end face of said rod chamber is arranged on the rod chamber end cap.
Preferably, said piston stops that shoulder is exactly a rod chamber end cap lid mouthful end face.
The present invention also provides a kind of relevant apparatus of hydraulic jack; It specifically is piston rod; Starting point is provided with only shoulder of buffering position to this piston rod in the buffering position; Be provided with at least one axially extended throttling oil duct along piston rod surface, a termination of this throttling oil duct is closely installed the piston rod chamber endface position behind the piston, is called first end; The other end is only takeed on the tool withdrawal groove sidewall in said buffering position, is called second end.
Preferably, the cross-section area of said throttling oil duct is increased to second extreme direction by first end gradually.
Preferably, said throttling oil duct main body is at the axially extended throttling groove of piston rod surface; The cross-section area of said throttling oil duct is increased to second extreme direction by first end gradually, specifically is that the degree of depth through throttling groove increases realization gradually.
Preferably, the position, buffering position of said piston rod is provided with some annular grooves as the balance oil groove.
The present invention also provides the relevant apparatus of other a kind of hydraulic jack; It specifically is the rod chamber end cap; This rod chamber end cap is disposed with oil-through hole, the airtight end face of rod chamber from its top to rod chamber end cap lid mouth, and the airtight end face of said rod chamber is the step surface that is complete annular that is arranged in the rod chamber end cap inner chamber.
Preferably, the lid mouth of said rod chamber end cap stops shoulder as said piston.
The present invention also provides a kind of relevant apparatus of hydraulic jack, specifically is cushion collar, and this cushion collar external diameter is less than the internal diameter of cylinder of the hydraulic jack of being worked, and its internal diameter makes it can be enclosed within piston rod buffering position and goes up and axially be free to slide; When it is installed away from the structure of first end face of piston one side make this end face can and the oil cylinder cavity in, the airtight end face that stretches out between the exercise end position at rod chamber oil-through hole and piston rod fits, and forms sealing surface.
Preferably, be provided with the central boss that cooperates with stage clip with the cushion collar first end face opposing end faces.
The present invention also provides a kind of hydraulic buffer system, and this hydraulic buffer system comprises above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme.
The present invention also provides a kind of excavator, and this excavator uses above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme at least.
The present invention also provides a kind of concrete mixer, and this concrete mixer uses above-mentioned any described hydraulic jack of technological scheme at least.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention; Its cushion collar first end face can stretch out motion when reaching buffer position at piston rod; Cooperate with the airtight end face of the rod chamber in the oil cylinder cavity that is arranged on rod chamber one side; Form the sealing surface that cuts off oil circuit, the sealing face is divided into two cavitys with rod chamber, wherein is positioned at sealing surface and leans on the cavity of piston one side to be called the buffering oil pocket; Another cavity then is positioned at sealing surface and leans on rod chamber oil-through hole one side.Hydraulic oil in the said buffering oil pocket promotes to have bigger oil pressure down at piston, can be with firm being pressed on the airtight end face of said rod chamber of said cushion collar first end face, and make both fit sealing effects of sealing surface of formation more firm; This oil cylinder also is provided with the throttling oil duct, and this throttling oil duct forms at said sealing surface, to piston arrives said stretch out till the exercise end position during this period of time in, can the oil circuit that flow to oil-through hole one side be provided for the hydraulic oil in the buffering oil pocket.Because after the sealing surface of said partition oil circuit formed, hydraulic oil can only flow to oil-through hole through the throttling oil duct, and the oil circuit of throttling oil duct is very narrow, the hydraulic oil passing capacity is limited, makes piston motion must receive great resistance, plays buffer function.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention; Above-mentioned throttling oil duct straight line vertically is arranged between piston rod and the cushion collar; This structure can smooth and easyly directly will cushion hydraulic oil earial drainage in the oil pocket to rod chamber oil-through hole one side, and the axial range of throttling oil duct is set easily, guarantee that sealing surface forms after; Just can form the throttling oil duct, avoid buffering course clamping stagnation to occur.In addition, the cross-section area of this throttling oil duct can change as required, specifically is less near piston one end cross-section area, and bigger near the cross-section area of rod chamber oil-through hole one end.
In further preferred version, said throttling oil duct main body is the throttling groove that is axially disposed within piston rod surface, and the cross-section area of throttling groove increases to second end from first end gradually.Like this; Along with piston rod moves to the final position, the slide relative of said cushion collar on piston rod moves closer to throttling oil duct first end position; Reduce gradually from the discharge capacity of buffering oil pocket one side direction oil-through hole one side of said sealing surface; The resistance that piston continues to stretch out strengthens gradually, and piston movement speed reduces gradually, obtains good cushioning effect.Because the throttling groove that adopts axial straight line to be provided with, under the constant situation of width,, reach the smooth-going purpose of buffering course as long as controlling the change in depth of throttling groove well just can well control restriction effect.The degree of depth of this throttling groove is convenient to control in the course of working, has favorable manufacturability.
In further preferred implementation of the present invention; Be provided with under the situation of throttling groove; Outside piston rod, some circular grooves are set as the balance oil groove on diametric plane or the cushion collar aperture surface, this balance oil groove can match with said throttling groove, makes hydraulic oil on the cushion collar aperture surface, obtain evenly to distribute; Deflection can not occur when the airtight end face of said cushion collar first end face and rod chamber is fitted, guarantee that sealing surface is firm.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Require following condition to set up: when first end face of said cushion collar contacts the formation sealing surface with the airtight end face of said rod chamber, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rod chamber oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.Above-mentioned requirements guarantees through the suitable design to two end faces of cushion collar easily.If above-mentioned condition is false; In the instant that said sealing surface forms, the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is basic identical, cushion collar first end face with certain speed against the airtight end face of rod chamber; May can't compacting in this moment, influence the smoothness of the buffering of this time point.After guaranteeing that above-mentioned condition is set up; Then the oil pressure near piston one side of sealing surface multiply by the cushion collar axial action area acquisition total pressure V1 of this end, and sealing surface multiply by the area acquisition total pressure V2 of cushion collar at this end near the oil pressure of rod chamber oil outlet one side; Because the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is identical in the instant that forms sealing surface, so the total pressure of the bigger side of area is bigger, i.e. V1＞V2, like this, cushion collar just is compacted on the airtight end face of said rod chamber, has guaranteed the smooth-going of buffering course.
Other preferred implementations of the present invention also provide other forms of throttling oil duct, and these throttling oil ducts can obtain good earial drainage effect.
The present invention also provides the parts such as piston rod, rod chamber end cap and big cushion collar that are used for above-mentioned hydraulic jack, and these parts are realizes that above-mentioned damping mechanism has carried out special design.
The present invention also provides the buffer system of using above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, uses the hydraulic buffer system of this hydraulic jack can obtain the cushioning effect of favorable and stable.
The present invention also provides excavator and the concrete mixer that uses above-mentioned hydraulic jack simultaneously, and through using above-mentioned hydraulic jack, excavator and concrete mixer can obtain longer accident-free duration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts cushion collar to insert the hydraulic jack of the damping mechanism of well format in the buffering in the background technique;
Fig. 2 is the mechanical construction drawing of the hydraulic jack that provides of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the parts drawing of the piston rod of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is that this figure is that the A-A of piston rod 3 is to view;
Fig. 5 is the C-C sectional view of piston rod 3;
Fig. 6 is the state of the hydraulic jack of first embodiment of the invention when being in airtight position that begins to form;
Fig. 7 is the state of the hydraulic jack of first embodiment of the invention when being in piston motion and breasting the tape the position;
Fig. 8 is the mechanical construction drawing of the hydraulic jack that provides of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the parts drawing of the spacer shell that uses in the second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the parts drawing that the aperture surface of second embodiment of the invention use is provided with the cushion collar of balance oil groove;
Figure 11 is a kind of schematic representation of throttling oil duct of the proper damping mechanism that is used for being provided with spacer shell;
Figure 12 is in addition a kind of schematic representation of throttling oil duct of the proper damping mechanism that is used for being provided with spacer shell;
Figure 13 is the schematic representation of the throttling oil duct in a kind of damping mechanism that is suitable for not being provided with spacer shell.
Embodiment
First embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and this hydraulic jack is provided with damping device in its rod chamber one side.
Please referring to Fig. 2, this figure is the mechanical construction drawing of the hydraulic jack that provides of first embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 2, this hydraulic jack comprises rod chamber end cap 1, cylinder barrel 2, piston rod 3, cushion collar 4, spring 5, piston 6 etc.
Said cylinder barrel 2 provides the space of airtight hydraulic oil for this hydraulic jack, and the inner chamber of this cylinder barrel 2 can be divided into rod chamber 2-1 and rodless cavity 2-2 along the axially movable piston 6 of inner bore cavity, and the cavity that said piston rod 3 belongs to is rod chamber 2-1.The outer diametric plane of said piston 6 cooperates with the aperture surface of cylinder barrel 2, and outside this, is provided with multiple-sealed circle on the diametric plane, and the hydraulic oil that makes above-mentioned rod chamber 2-1 and rodless cavity 2-2 is by isolated fully each other.
Said rod chamber end cap 1 seals up said cylinder barrel 2 in the termination of the rod chamber 2-1 of cylinder barrel 2 side; And rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 is provided on this rod chamber end cap 1; This rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 connects oil pipe, and the passage of turnover rod chamber 2-1 is provided for the hydraulic oil of whole cylinder barrel 2 inner chambers.The passage of hydraulic oil turnover rodless cavity 2-2 is then provided by the rodless cavity oil-through hole on the rodless cavity end cap that is arranged on cylinder barrel 2.Present embodiment is only introduced the damping device of rod chamber one side, does not relate to the situation of rodless cavity 2-2 one side.
The damping mechanism of this hydraulic jack comprises cushion collar 4, spring 5, and on piston 6, piston rod 3 and rod chamber end cap 1, constitutes the structure that damping mechanism is provided with.
Said cushion collar 4 is enclosed within piston rod 3 and is positioned on the buffering position of rod chamber 2-1.Said buffering position is meant on the piston rod 3 from piston 6 and must cushions in this bar section in one section piston rod bar section with given length that the end face of rod chamber 2-1 one side begins, avoids the direct impact failure rod chamber end cap 1 of piston 6.On this piston rod 3; Apart from the position of the end face certain distance of piston 6, be provided with the buffering position and only take on 3-4, said buffering position is exactly only to take on 3-4 from the buffering position to begin; Stretch out motion when reaching the final position to piston 6, the piston rod segment till the second end face 4-2 position of said cushion collar 4.It in this position range the scope that cushion collar 4 slides on piston rod 3.The internal diameter of cushion collar 4 can endwisely slip it on piston rod 3, while gap between the two is less again; The external diameter of cushion collar 4 then is significantly less than the internal diameter of said cylinder barrel 2, and its length then accounts for the part of buffering bit length.Cushion collar 4 is that the end face of rod chamber end cap 1 one sides is a plane with outer rim chamfering towards the oil cylinder top, and this plane is called the cushion collar first end face 4-1.The other end of cushion collar 4 is called the cushion collar second end face 4-2, then is provided with the boss 4-3 that is used for fixing spring 5.The design demand of cushion collar preferably guarantees the establishment of following condition; When first end face of said cushion collar contacts with the airtight end face of said rod chamber when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rod chamber oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.For example, in first embodiment,, make its hydraulic oil axial action area be significantly less than the other end because cushion collar first end face has been blocked a part by the airtight end face 1-2 of said rod chamber.
The stage clip of said spring 5 for having compressive tension, this spring 5 is enclosed within on the said piston rod 3, and its bottom heads on piston 6 on the end face of rod chamber 2-1 one side, and piston 6 these end faces are provided with the spring boss, with fixing this spring.The end of spring 5 then withstands the boss 4-3 of said cushion collar 4.This spring 5 is dependence with the end face of said piston 6, withstands said cushion collar 4 with its elastic force, makes cushion collar 4 when piston 6 does not move to buffer position, and its cushion collar first end face 4-1 withstands the buffering position of said piston rod 3 and only takes on 3-4.The elastic force of this spring 6 can withstand buffering position and only take on 3-4 and get final product when being enough to make said cushion collar 4 not stopped, promptly these spring 6 roles are mainly reset response.
Said rod chamber end cap 1 is disposed with rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1, the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber from caping to the lid mouth.The airtight end face 1-2 of said rod chamber is the step surface that is complete annular that is provided with in rod chamber end cap 1 inner chamber, and its step surface is towards the direction of piston 6.The airtight end face 1-2 of this rod chamber can be airtight of the hydraulic oil formation partition rod chamber 2-1 matched in buffering beginning back with the said cushion collar first end face 4-1 in.Also have on this rod chamber end cap 1 from the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber and begin to pass through a section 1-3 to the cushion collar that piston 6 extends; This cushion collar is bigger than the cavity internal diameter of the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber position through the cavity internal diameter of section 1-3; But the internal diameter than piston 6 place cylinder barrels 2 is little; This cushion collar passes through the cavity internal diameter of section 1-3 also greater than the external diameter of said cushion collar 4, makes cushion collar 4 can get into this section smoothly.The lid mouth end face of rod chamber end cap 1 then is close to the inner wall of cylinder face, and formation can stop shoulder 1-4 to the piston that the exercise end of piston 6 is located.
The structure relevant with damping mechanism that is provided with on the said piston rod 3 is many, only takes on the 3-4 except that buffering position and buffering position that installation above and cushion collar 4 is relevant, also is provided with throttling groove, balance oil groove, fuel-displaced groove etc., below is elaborated.Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 3, this figure is the parts drawing of piston rod 3; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 4, this figure is that the A-A of piston rod 3 is to view; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 5, this figure is the C-C sectional view of piston rod 3.
The outlet of corresponding said throttling groove 3-1; Said buffering position is only takeed on 3-4 and is provided with fuel-displaced groove 3-3; As can beappreciated from fig. 4, the outlet of said throttling groove 3-1 is just in time aimed in the position of this fuel-displaced groove 3-3, and corresponding four throttling groove 3-1 have four fuel-displaced groove 3-3.These fuel-displaced groove 3-3 are the outlet passage that the hydraulic oil of said throttling groove 3-1 outlet outflow provides outflow; Can make the flow direction of the hydraulic oil that throttling groove 3-1 flows out in buffering course more stable; And can the hydraulic pressure oil outlet be provided in the instant that the said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the airtight end face of said rod chamber have just been fitted; Avoid the situation that hydraulic damping increases suddenly occurring, guarantee to operate steadily.
In the position, buffering position of said piston rod 3, also on the side face of piston rod 3, evenly be furnished with some circular grooves, these circular grooves are called balance oil groove 3-2.The cross section of these balance oil grooves 3-2 can be U type, V-type or square base, and other forms, optionally confirms, its degree of depth also can optionally be confirmed through overtesting.The effect of these balance oil grooves 3-2 is when throttling groove 3-1 earial drainage, can realize the oil pressure balance, avoids cushion collar 4 under unbalanced oil pressure effect, to occur tilting, and the sealing surface when causing cushioning is airtight not tight.
Below introduce the working procedure of damping mechanism of the hydraulic jack of present embodiment.Situation when earlier figures 2 is piston 6 no show buffer position still; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 6, the situation when this illustrates buffering course and begins; Please be simultaneously referring to Fig. 7, the situation when this illustrates the buffering course end.
In position shown in Figure 2, piston rod 3 has just begun to stretch out motion, does not reach the position that needs buffering as yet.At this moment, said cushion collar 4 is under the resilient force of spring 5, and 3-4 is only takeed in the buffering position that its cushion collar first end face 4-1 withstands on the piston rod 3.Before piston 6 does not move to buffer position as yet; And after piston rod 3 retraction movement make the cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the airtight end face 1-2 of said rod chamber separate; Cushion collar 4 all can be withstood on the position that 3-4 is only takeed in the buffering position, therefore, and 5 reset responses of said spring.Along with stretching out of piston rod 3 is mobile, the hydraulic oil among the rod chamber 2-1 receives the promotion of piston, flows to rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 direction, and flows out from said oil-through hole rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1.Cushion collar 4 moves with piston 6 and piston rod 3; Behind the mobile segment distance, promptly pass through a section 1-3, because the external diameter of said cushion collar 4 passes through a section 1-3 less than said cushion collar through the cushion collar on the said rod chamber end cap 1; This cushion collar 4 can continue along with piston rod 3 moves, and can not be blocked.The oil circuit of the hydraulic oil among the rod chamber 2-1 is stopped up by part through section 1-3 along with cushion collar 4 gets into said cushion collar; Hydraulic oil can only flow to said rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 through the gap between the section 1-3 through cushion collar 4 and said cushion collar, and the oil circuit damping function that piston 6 receives obviously increases; Along with cushion collar 4 gos deep into said cushion collar gradually through section 1-3; The blocked degree of hydraulic oil oil circuit increases gradually; The hydraulic damping that piston 6 is born increases gradually, gets into said cushion collar fully through section 1-3 up to cushion collar 4, and the damping function of oil circuit is in constant basically plateau.
After cushion collar 4 moved a period of time in after said cushion collar is through section 1-3, the cushion collar first end face 4-1 moved closer to the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber on the rod chamber end cap 1.When moving to position shown in Figure 6; The airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber on said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the said rod chamber end cap 1 against; Two end faces are fitted each other and are formed complete sealing surface; The hydraulic oil that is promoted by piston 6 among the rod chamber 2-1 originally the cushion collar through cushion collar 4 and rod chamber end cap 1 flow into rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 through the gap between the section 1-3 oil circuit by thoroughly blocking-up, cushion collar 4 also stops to follow piston rod 3 and travels forward owing to being blocked by said airtight end face 1-2.
In the instant that said sealing surface forms, the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is basic identical, the cushion collar first end face 4-1 with certain speed against the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber, may can't compacting in this moment, influence the smoothness of the buffering of this time point.For this reason; In design; Guaranteed the establishment of following condition: when the airtight end face 1-2 of the first end face 4-1 and said rod chamber of said cushion collar contacts when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rod chamber oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.In this embodiment, the area of two end faces of cushion collar 4 is consistent, but after sealing surface forms, because the first end face 4-1 is covered by part, makes above-mentioned condition be able to set up.After above-mentioned condition was set up, then the oil pressure near piston one side of sealing surface multiply by the cushion collar axial action area acquisition total pressure V1 of this end, and sealing surface multiply by the area acquisition total pressure V2 of cushion collar at this end near the oil pressure of rod chamber oil outlet one side; Because the oil pressure of sealing surface both sides is identical in the instant that forms sealing surface; So the total pressure of the side that area is bigger is bigger, i.e. V1＞V2, like this; Cushion collar just is compacted on the airtight end face 1-2 of said rod chamber, has guaranteed that sealing surface sets up the smooth-going of process.
After sealing surface was set up, cushion collar 4 was equivalent to form an one-way valve with said rod chamber end cap 1, and oil circuit is blocked.At this moment; The hydraulic oil of rod chamber is divided into two cavitys by said sealing surface, and that wherein lean on piston 6 one sides is buffering oil pocket T, and the hydraulic oil among this buffering oil pocket T receives the promotion of piston 6; And its major avenues of approach that flows to rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 is restricted owing to the formation of said sealing surface; The pressure of this buffering oil pocket T is further improved, and this oil pressure that increases is enough to said cushion collar 4 is pressed on the airtight end face 1-2 of said rod chamber, makes the sealing face more reliable.Hydraulic oil can only flow to above-mentioned airtight rod chamber oil-through hole 1-1 one side through throttling groove 3-1.Form the initial stage at sealing surface, because the degree of depth of said throttling groove 3-1 is darker relatively in second end, one side, promptly the flow passing capacity of throttling groove 3-1 is higher, makes the hydraulic oil that flows out through throttling groove 3-1 more relatively.Along with the continuation campaign of piston rod 3, said sealing surface moves with respect to piston rod 3 backward, and the degree of depth that connects the throttling groove 3-1 of said sealing surface both sides shoals gradually, causes the flow passing capacity of throttling groove 3-1 to reduce gradually.In said process; Hydraulic oil is full of on the shaft part at said cushion collar place through said balance oil groove 3-2 through throttling groove 3-1 the time, makes oil pressure that cushion collar receives in each circumferential position balance; Guaranteed that cushion collar 4 can deflection, guaranteed the obturation effect of said sealing surface.
After reaching position shown in Figure 7, the piston that piston 6 is formed by the rod chamber end cap of rod chamber end cap 1 lid mouthful end face stops that shoulder 1-4 blocks and can't move on, and piston rod 3 reaches its final position of stretching out; First end of said throttling groove 3-1 has got in the cushion collar 4 at this moment, and the throttling oil duct is by base closed, and buffering course finishes.It should be noted that after piston 6 moves to the final position second end face of said cushion collar 4 and the rod chamber end face of piston 6 remain at spacing L, this spacing has guaranteed that said cushion collar 4 can not stop the proper motion of piston 6.
When piston rod 3 is regained, when promptly piston 6 moves right.Piston rod 3 is in and stretches out end-of-travel position, and cushion collar 4 is in the contact seal state with rod chamber end cap 1.Thereby the first end face 4-1 of cushion collar 4 separates with the airtight end face 1-2 of rod chamber 1, this moment cushion collar 4 in piston rod 3 withdrawal processes, interact with rod chamber end cap 1 and to play the effect of one-way valve.
In fact; Owing to have the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod 3; Therefore, the hydraulic oil of very small amount also can get into throttling groove 3-1 through gap between the two and realize earial drainage, like this; After throttling groove 3-1 first end was cushioned cover 4 fully and covers, also can there be too much hydraulic oil in piston 6 in the buffering oil pocket and by clamping stagnation because of existing; Certainly, first end of said throttling groove 3-1 also can also expose outside cushion collar 4 when piston rod 3 arrives it and stretches out the final position fully.The concrete design of first end position of throttling groove 3-1 wherein and with the position relation of cushion collar 4 can be according to the needs design of buffering damping.
In above-mentioned buffering course, the damping function of hydraulic oil begins through section 1-3 from the cushion collar that cushion collar 4 gets into said rod chamber end cap 1, strengthens gradually; Especially through the change in depth of said throttling groove 3-1, throttling capacity is increased gradually, hydraulic damping increases gradually; The speed that piston 6 is reached before the final position reduces gradually; Last segment distance is last, even possibly only utilize the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod 3 to form oil circuit, makes in the whole buffering course; Hydraulic damping strengthens gradually, has avoided the impact to rod chamber end cap 1 and cylinder barrel 2.
In the above-mentioned damping mechanism,, control the change curve of its throttling capacity, guarantee that piston 6 can obtain buffering course very stably guaranteeing to pass through control under the constant situation of width to the change in depth of throttling groove 3-1.
In fact, the balance oil groove also can not be arranged on the piston rod 3, and is arranged on the aperture surface of cushion collar 4, its effect be arranged on piston rod 3 on identical.Figure 10 illustrates the cushion collar 4 that aperture surface is provided with balance oil groove 4-4.In addition, said balance oil groove 3-2 can not be the circular groove form in fact also, for example can adopt thread groove, is good with the circular groove that uses in the present embodiment still, because its processing is more convenient, and has better counterbalance effect.
In the above-described embodiments, the passage that sealing surface forms connection sealing surface both sides, back cavity is referred to as the throttling oil duct, and in the above-described embodiments, the main body of throttling oil duct is said throttling groove, and still, in difference constantly, the composition of throttling oil duct is also inequality.In the instant that sealing surface has just formed, the fuel-displaced groove 3-3 that ends corresponding said throttling groove setting on the shoulder in the buffering position has born the effect of the second end port of throttling passage, plays an important role for the smooth-going of buffering course.When cushion collar 4 slides into buffering position terminal point, if being cushioned cover, throttling groove covers fully, then the gap between cushion collar 4 and the piston rod 3 also constitutes the part of throttling oil duct.
In the foregoing description, second end of throttling oil duct is arranged on the buffering position and only takes on the sidewall, and in fact, as long as when piston reaches the final position, throttling oil duct second end gets final product in the inner chamber of hydraulic jack.
In the above-described embodiments; What airtight end face of said rod chamber and said cushion collar first end face were fitted formation is the plane sealing face of face contact form; In fact; Also can carry out correspondence design to gentle cover first end face that dashes of the airtight end face of rod chamber, both are fitted the back forms airtight be plane sealing or face seal forms such as conical surface seal or curved surface sealing, perhaps adopt the linear sealing form.
Second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic jack, and this hydraulic jack is provided with damping device in its rod chamber one side.This embodiment and above-mentioned first embodiment are basic identical, but are with spacer shell 12 on the buffering position of its piston rod 3.
Please referring to Fig. 8, this figure is the hydraulic jack that second embodiment of the invention provides.This embodiment changes to form on the first embodiment basis a little, and in below introducing, the part identical with first embodiment adopts same icon representation.
Different with first embodiment; This hydraulic jack is with spacer shell 12 on the buffering position of piston rod 3; Its radial length makes it be enough to occupy most of length of buffering position at least; Its internal diameter then makes the external diameter of itself and the buffering position of piston rod 3 match, and makes on its tighter buffering position that thickly is enclosed within piston rod 3.
The parts drawing of this spacer shell 12 is seen Fig. 9.As can beappreciated from fig. 9, these spacer shell 12 outer diametric planes are provided with axially extended throttling groove 12-1, the degree of depth of this throttling groove 12-1 from said spacer shell 12 near the rear end of piston to deepening gradually near the front end of rod chamber oil inlet hole; First end of throttling groove 12-1 is in the position near the ear end face of spacer shell 12, and second end is at the front-end face of spacer shell 12.Outside this spacer shell 12, on the diametric plane, be uniformly distributed with altogether and be furnished with four said throttling groove 12-1, constitute the throttling oil duct jointly.Simultaneously, also be provided with some circular grooves on the outer diametric plane of this spacer shell 12 as balance oil groove 12-4.
In fact, the balance oil groove also can not be arranged on the spacer shell 12, and is arranged on the aperture surface of cushion collar 4, its effect be arranged on piston sleeve 12 on identical.Figure 10 illustrates the cushion collar 4 that aperture surface is provided with the balance oil groove.
The working procedure of this hydraulic jack is identical with above-mentioned first embodiment, repeats no more at this.
This second embodiment's advantage is, adopt this technological scheme after, no longer need process axially extended throttling groove, and piston rod 3 is because length is longer in the position, buffering position of piston rod 3, the throttling groove difficulty higher in its surface Machining required precision is bigger.Processing throttling groove 12-1 is then relatively simple and convenient on the short spacer shell 12 of length.
In addition, in fact the structure of throttling groove and size have multiple choices, adopt this technological scheme after, can select the size throttling groove different through changing the mode of piston sleeve with structure, satisfy flexibly and cushion requirement.
More than among two embodiments, the main body of throttling oil duct is throttling groove, in fact, the throttling oil duct can be selected other structural type, specifically can be referring to Figure 11 to Figure 13.
Figure 11 illustrates a kind of proper throttling oil duct form that is used for being provided with the damping mechanism of spacer shell.This throttling oil duct comprises two sections, is the throttling groove 12-1 that is axially disposed within spacer shell 12 surfaces near the leading portion of first end, is axially extended dark oil duct 12-2 in spacer shell near the back segment of second end, so also can play throttling action.Said throttling groove 12-1 also can be set to the form of deepening gradually to second extreme direction from first end for one section, to play cushioning effect stably.
Figure 12 illustrates in addition a kind of proper throttling oil duct form that is used for being provided with the damping mechanism of spacer shell.Shown in; Said throttling oil duct is included in axially extended dark oil duct 12-2 in the spacer shell 12, and the fuel-economizing hole 12-3 of some connection piston rod surfaces and this dark oil duct, and above-mentioned fuel-economizing hole is along the piston rod surface axial distribution; And near the fuel-economizing hole of spacer shell 12 front-end face positions, its aperture is big more more; Like this, along with the slip of cushion collar on piston rod, the piston rod 3 more approaching final positions of stretching out, its discharge capacity is more little, and the hydraulic damping effect is big more, and velocity of piston is reduced gradually, obtains buffering course comparatively stably.
Figure 13 illustrates other a kind of throttling oil duct form.This throttling oil duct is the scarf 3-5 that on piston rod 3 surfaces, axially is provided with.This scarf 3-5 is from only takeing on the 3-4 position near piston region to the buffering position, and scarf can be provided with one or more.Like this, hydraulic oil can flow out through this scarf 3-5 after the airtight end face 1-2 on said cushion collar first end face 4-1 and the rod chamber end cap 1 forms airtight, forms the throttling oil duct.Adopt this scarf 3-5 as the throttling oil duct, can make piston rod 3 in more approaching position of stretching out terminal point equally, discharge capacity is more little, and the hydraulic damping effect is big more, and piston 6 speed are reduced gradually, obtains buffering course comparatively stably.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for hydraulic buffer system replaces existing oil cylinder, can obtain the embodiment of hydraulic buffer system of the present invention.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for excavator, can obtains the embodiment of excavator of the present invention.
Hydraulic jack provided by the invention is used for concrete mixer, can obtains the embodiment of concrete mixer of the present invention.The engineering machinery that can also hydraulic jack provided by the invention be used for other type.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; But it is not to be used for limiting the present invention; Any those skilled in the art are not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; Can make possible change and modification, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the scope that claim of the present invention was defined.
Claims (10)
1. a hydraulic jack is characterized in that,
Be positioned at piston rod that be with on the buffering position of rod chamber can be along piston rod cushion collar in axial sliding, this cushion collar is called cushion collar first end face away from the end face of piston one side;
In rod chamber oil-through hole and piston rod stretch out the oil cylinder cavity between the piston rod chamber end face final position of motion, be provided with and stop cushion collar and can fit and form the airtight end face of rod chamber of sealing surface with cushion collar first end face;
Also be provided with at least one throttling oil duct; Stretch out in the movement process at piston rod; Form beginning from cushion collar first end face and the airtight end face applying of said rod chamber, said sealing surface; When stretching out the exercise end position, can flow to the rod chamber oil-through hole through this throttling oil duct near the hydraulic oil of piston one side at said sealing surface to piston arrives is said;
The main body of said throttling oil duct is to extend axially the throttling groove that is arranged between piston rod and the cushion collar; The main body of said throttling oil duct is that axial straight line is arranged on piston rod surface and even four throttling grooves arranging of circumference;
When said piston rod extend out to stroke terminal, said cushion collar was at regular intervals from its terminal point towards the piston direction slip; Said piston rod is provided with buffering position and ends shoulder, and when said cushion collar was not stopped by the airtight end face of said rod chamber, cushion collar first end face ended and takeing on being resisted against this buffering position under the effect of the elastic element with compression elasticity;
Outer surface in the position, said buffering position of piston rod is provided with one or several circular grooves as compensating groove; Perhaps, one or more circular groove is set as compensating groove at the cushion collar aperture surface; The cross section of this circular groove is V-type, U type or square;
When said cushion collar is stopped by the airtight end face of said rod chamber, at said cushion collar during towards said piston direction slide relative, said throttling groove actual internal area is along with diminishing, and the degree of depth of this throttling groove is along with diminishing;
Said buffering position only offers fuel-displaced groove on the shoulder, the terminal point setting of the corresponding throttling groove of this fuel-displaced groove.
2. hydraulic jack according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When first end face of said cushion collar contacts with the airtight end face of said rod chamber when forming sealing surface, sealing surface near the hydraulic oil of piston one side to the axial action area of said cushion collar greater than near the hydraulic oil of rod chamber oil-through hole one side axial action area to said cushion collar.
3. hydraulic jack according to claim 1 is characterized in that, stretches out the exercise end position at said piston rod, is provided with to allow said cushion collar to pass through, but can the piston that piston is blocked in this position be stopped shoulder.
4. hydraulic jack according to claim 1 is characterized in that, forms face seal or linear sealing after the airtight end face of said cushion collar first end face and rod chamber is fitted.
5. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that said throttling oil duct main body is the scarf that on piston rod surface, axially is provided with.
6. according to any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that the airtight end face of said rod chamber is arranged on the rod chamber end cap.
7. hydraulic jack according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said piston stops that shoulder is exactly a rod chamber end cap lid mouthful end face.
8. a hydraulic buffer system is characterized in that, this hydraulic buffer system comprises any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 7.
9. an excavator is characterized in that, this excavator comprises any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 7.
10. a concrete mixer is characterized in that, this concrete mixer comprises any described hydraulic jack of claim 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101027633A CN102155459B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101027633A CN102155459B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2010102351377A Division CN102108990B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic cylinder and related devices thereof, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102155459A CN102155459A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
| CN102155459B true CN102155459B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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| CN2011101027633A Active CN102155459B (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2010-07-23 | Hydraulic oil cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5429830B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-02-26 | 株式会社伊丹精機 | Lift cylinder and forklift having the same |
| CN104121247A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-29 | 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 | Floating self-adjusting type combined buffering structure for hydraulic cylinder |
| CN112360840B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-04-21 | 中船重工重庆液压机电有限公司 | Multistage hydraulic cylinder with buffer function |
| CN113606218B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽德鸿机件制造有限公司 | Truck cab hydraulic oil cylinder |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010399A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Bradford Cylinders Ltd | Cushioning Means for Hydraulic Cylinders |
| CN2498402Y (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2002-07-03 | 赵怀文 | Fuel cylinder with piston reversing damp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5934887B2 (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1984-08-25 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | hydraulic cylinder |
| JP3996132B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社東和製作所 | Cushion device for hydraulic cylinder |
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2010
- 2010-07-23 CN CN2011101027633A patent/CN102155459B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2010399A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1979-06-27 | Bradford Cylinders Ltd | Cushioning Means for Hydraulic Cylinders |
| CN2498402Y (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2002-07-03 | 赵怀文 | Fuel cylinder with piston reversing damp |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| JP昭55-40322A 1980.03.21 |
| JP特开2005-226702A 2005.08.25 |
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