CN102155227A - Vertical direction continuous mining method and application in whole ore body continuous mining - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous mining method in the vertical direction and its application in the continuous mining of the whole ore body. The column is numbered; taking the three middle sections as an example, the upper middle section and the middle middle section of the stope with odd numbers are mined successively. After mining, the upper middle section and middle middle section of the stope with odd numbers are filled with cement, and the bottom is used with a certain thickness. High-strength cemented filling; the lower middle section and the middle middle section of the even-numbered stope are mined successively. After mining, a certain thickness of high-strength cemented filling is used for the top and bottom of the lower middle section of the even-numbered stope and the bottom of the middle middle section. The lower middle section The remaining part adopts cemented filling, and the rest of the middle section adopts non-cemented filling; the upper middle section of the even-numbered area is mined, and non-cemented filling is used after mining; the lower middle section of the odd-numbered stope is mined, and the numbered The bottom of the lower and middle section of the odd-number stope is filled with high-strength cement, and the rest is filled with cement. The triangular ore pillars of the bottom structure and the high-strength cemented filling body constitute the isolation layer, and the isolation layer replaces the horizontal ore pillars of the original rock. Realize the top-down continuous mining of the ore body.

Description

Continuous Mining Method in Vertical Direction and Its Application in Whole Orebody Continuous Mining

technical field

The invention relates to a vertical continuous mining method and its application in the vertical mining of the whole ore body, belonging to the technical field of mining.

Background technique

Since the 1980s, the international mining industry has regarded the realization of continuous and efficient mining as the most effective way to develop mine production and improve economic benefits. The basic definition of continuous mining process in underground mines is: in the mining process of an ore body, stage or ore block, the three major processes of ore dropping, ore extraction and ore transportation have relatively independent operating conditions, and each process is coordinated with each other. A mechanized mining operation system composed of parallel and continuous operations in different spaces.

In the traditional top-down mining method of ore deposits, horizontal ore pillars need to be kept between adjacent stages, and the horizontal ore pillars are mainly composed of the top pillar of the lower stope, the bottom pillar of the upper stope or special stage isolation pillars , the mining sequence is generally to finish mining the upper and middle section first and then to mine the lower middle section, or the upper and middle sections are mined ahead of the lower and middle section. The basic function of the horizontal pillar is to isolate the upper and lower stages, control the ground pressure activity, and protect the roadway in the stage. There are some unsolvable problems in this mining method of retaining horizontal pillars:

1. After the upper and lower stages of mining are completed, the horizontal ore pillar, as the support of the upper and lower wall rocks, often bears a huge load, forming a strong stress concentration, resulting in strong deformation or even destruction. Due to the general ground pressure activities of the horizontal ore pillar and its vicinity Strong, there is a great hidden danger of ground pressure disasters, especially for deep mines, horizontal pillars and their vicinity are often places where rockbursts frequently occur;

2. Horizontal ore pillars are generally only recovered as residual ore, and there are many technical problems in its recovery, so the recovery rate is low, and some even cannot be recovered, resulting in a large loss of mineral resources;

3. Due to the lag in the recovery of horizontal pillars, the operation of the stage cannot be completed for a long time, and the workload of shaft engineering, Fengshui pipeline and equipment maintenance is heavy, which directly affects the economic benefits of underground mining;

4. Since the horizontal ore pillar cannot be recovered in the normal recovery unit, this reduces the production ore volume of the normal recovery unit, thus directly affecting multiple mining technical indicators such as the cutting ratio and the comprehensive production capacity of the stope;

5. Due to the delayed recovery of horizontal ore pillars, difficulty in recovery, and low productivity, the underground operation line is elongated, which brings many difficulties to mine production management and also affects the improvement of underground per capita labor productivity. The economic benefits of mines have been affected. When the construction investment is completed, retaining the horizontal pillars is equivalent to occupying part of the construction funds, which directly affects the investment income.

In addition, the traditional top-down discontinuous mining method also has some problems in the production connection between the upper and lower stages: since the lower stage needs to lag behind the upper stage in the direction of advancement, the mining range of the lower stage will inevitably be limited. This reduces the number of stopes that can be operated at the same time in the upper and lower stages, and limits the achievable production capacity of the mine. This effect is more prominent for the two-step mining method and ore body conditions with shorter strike lengths.

In the two-step stope method of filling method widely used in underground mines, discontinuous mining in the upper and lower stages may easily cause a mining imbalance between the first-step stope and the second-step stope. Because the ore in the two-step stope is mixed with a certain amount of filling material, the ore dilution is relatively large, and the production capacity is relatively low, so the two types of stope need balanced production. However, the traditional discontinuous mining method of the upper and lower stages is easy to form a situation where two-step stopes are concentrated before the transitional mining of the upper and lower adjacent stages, which seriously affects the balance of mine production.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the problems of low production efficiency, poor production safety, and discontinuous mining in the traditional top-down mining method of ore deposits, which are difficult to recover from horizontal ore pillars, bear high pressure, and are easily damaged by geological activities. The problem that mining affects the balance of mine production provides a continuous mining method in the vertical direction and its application in the continuous mining of the whole ore body. The method includes:

In the vertical direction, the ore body is divided into several middle sections, and each said middle section is divided into an upper middle section, a middle middle section and a lower middle section, and the several middle sections are numbered according to a predetermined direction;

The upper middle section and the middle middle section whose number is odd and separated by at least two middle sections are mined successively, and the middle and middle sections that have been mined are filled with high-strength cement with a predetermined thickness. The rest is filled with cement;

After all the odd-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower middle section and the middle middle section with an even number and at least two intervals between the middle sections are successively mined. Both the bottom and the bottom of the middle section are filled with high-strength cemented filling with a predetermined thickness, cemented filling is used for the rest of the mined lower middle section, and non-cemented filling is used for the rest of the mined middle middle section;

Mining the upper middle section of the even-numbered middle section that has been mined and filled, and using non-cemented filling for the mined upper middle section;

After all the even-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower middle section of the odd-numbered area is mined, and the bottom of the mined lower middle section is filled with high-strength cement. The remainder is filled with cement.

This method is used for continuous mining of the whole ore body in the vertical direction.

It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention divides the ore body in the vertical direction, and simultaneously mines and fills the ore blocks respectively, so as to ensure the balance of mine production, and does not reserve a level between the mining and filling stages. The ore pillar effectively reduces the loss of the horizontal pillar ore volume between stages, and can also ensure the safe recovery and effective connection of the middle stopes. By continuing to use the large-scale, high-intensity intensive intensive mining of the mine, the comprehensive production capacity of the stope is improved. , shorten the stope recovery cycle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a vertical continuous mining method provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the stope distribution schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the present invention provides;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mining and filling sequence provided by the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed ways

This specific embodiment provides a vertical continuous mining method, including dividing the ore body into several middle sections in the vertical direction, taking the three middle sections as an example, numbering the upper middle section, the middle middle section and the lower middle section according to a predetermined direction; The upper middle section and the middle middle section with an odd number and at least two middle sections are mined successively, and the middle and middle sections that have been mined are filled with high-strength cement with a predetermined thickness, and the remaining parts of the upper middle section and the middle middle section that have been mined are cemented. Filling; when all the odd-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower middle section and the middle middle section with an even number and at least two middle sections are mined successively, and the top and bottom of the lower middle section and the middle middle section that have been mined are completed. The bottom of the bottom is filled with a predetermined thickness of high-strength cemented filling, cemented filling is used for the remaining part of the mined lower middle section, and non-cemented filling is used for the remaining part of the mined middle middle section; for the even-numbered middle section that has been mined and filled The upper and middle section of the area is mined, and non-cemented filling is used for the upper and middle sections that have been mined; when all the even-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower and middle section of the odd-numbered area is mined, and the completed lower and middle sections are mined High-strength cemented backfill is used at the bottom of the mine, and cemented backfill is used for the rest of the mined lower middle section.

In order to illustrate the technical solution more clearly, the specific mine environment will be described below in conjunction with the drawings of the description, as shown in Figure 1, the method can specifically include:

Step 1, in the vertical direction, divide the ore body into several middle sections, and divide each middle section into upper middle section, middle middle section and lower middle section, and number the several middle sections according to the predetermined direction.

Taking a mine with a production capacity of 3500t/d as an example, the average thickness of the ore body is 40 to 50m, the maximum thickness is 80 to 100m, and the inclination angle is more than 70°. In the filling mining method, the stope is arranged vertically to the direction of the ore body, divided into mine rooms and pillars, and two-step mining at intervals. For the convenience of illustration, in this embodiment, the ore body is selected to be between -400m and -560m, and there are 3 stages from top to bottom.

As shown in Figure 2, the stopes are numbered 1 to 15 in sequence, the odd number is the mine stope, represented by R, and the even number is the pillar stope, represented by P. The three middle sections are: upper middle section (-400m~-460m stage), middle middle section (-460m~-510m stage), lower middle section (-510m~-560m stage), and are represented by numbers 1, 2, and 3 in sequence, The stage number where the specific stope is located or included is used as the suffix of the stope identification. For example, R ore block is divided into R12 ore block and R3 ore block, and R12 is a two-stage ore block, R3 is a single-stage ore block; P ore block It is divided into P1 ore block and P23 ore block, that is, P1 ore block is a single-stage ore block, and P23 is a two-stage ore block. In this specific embodiment, "R" and "P" are just signs, and do not necessarily represent "mine house" and "mine pillar".

After the two adjacent one-step ore blocks in the upper middle section and the middle middle section have been mined and filled, the two-step ore blocks in the middle of them are mined from the middle middle section and the lower middle section, and the upper middle section ore blocks are mined after the back mining. Therefore, the one-step ore block is called a mine house, and the two-step ore block is an ore pillar, and this arrangement can be called "the mine house ore pillar is staggered up and down". The main features of this stope arrangement are: no horizontal pillars at -510m can be left, the mine pillars are vertically staggered at -510m, and the stope corresponding to the current mine pillars is mined directly from -560m upwards, which is a - The overall mining plan of 400m～-560m.

Step 2: Mining the upper middle section and the middle middle section with an odd number and at least two middle sections apart, and adopting high-strength cemented filling with a predetermined thickness for the middle middle section that has been mined, and filling the remaining upper middle section and the middle middle section that have been mined. Some are filled with cement.

The sequence of mining and filling is shown in Figure 3. Mining is carried out in the order marked by numbers. First, the 1R12 ore block at the left end of Figure 3 is mined. In order to realize simultaneous mining of the entire ore body and ensure the stability of the ore rock, the numbering Simultaneously mine an R12 ore block in the middle of 1, 5, 9 and 13, and then mine the R12 ore blocks numbered 3, 7 and 11. All the R12 ore blocks are filled with cement, and the bottom of the R12 ore block is filled with high-strength cement with a thickness of 10 meters. On both sides of the bottom of the R12 ore block, a block in a triangular area is reserved for non-mining.

Step 3, when all the odd-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower middle section and the middle middle section with an even number and at least two middle sections are successively mined, and the top, bottom and middle sections of the lower middle section that have been mined are mined. The bottom of the middle section is filled with high-strength cement with a predetermined thickness, cemented filling is used for the rest of the mined lower middle section, and non-cemented filling is used for the rest of the mined middle middle section.

The sequence of mining and filling is shown in Figure 3. In order to realize the simultaneous mining of the whole ore body, the ore blocks numbered 2, 6 and 10 can be mined at the same time with a P23 in the middle, and then the ore blocks numbered 4, 8 and 12 can be mined simultaneously. The P23 ore block is mined. After the mining is completed, the top and bottom of the lower middle section of the even-numbered stope and the bottom of the middle middle section are cemented with high-strength tailings with a gray-sand ratio of 1:4. The filling thickness is 20 meters, and the rest of the lower middle section is cemented. The rest of the middle section is filled with non-cemented filling.

Step 4: Mining the upper middle section of the even-numbered middle section that has been mined and filled, and using non-cemented filling for the mined upper middle section.

The sequence of mining and filling is shown in Figure 3. In order to realize the simultaneous mining of the whole ore body, the ore blocks numbered 2, 6 and 10 can be mined at the same time with a P1 in the middle, and then the ore blocks numbered 4, 8 and 12 can be mined simultaneously. The P1 ore blocks are mined. After the mining is completed, non-cemented filling is used for the P1 ore block.

Step 5: After all the even-numbered middle sections have been mined and filled, the lower middle section of the odd-numbered area is mined, and the bottom of the mined lower middle section is filled with high-strength cement. The rest is filled with cement.

The sequence of mining and filling is shown in Figure 3. After all the even-numbered areas have been mined and filled, in order to realize the simultaneous mining of the entire ore body, it is possible to divide the intervals between numbers 1, 5, 9 and 13 by one The ore blocks of R3 are mined at the same time, and then the R3s numbered 3, 7 and 11 are mined. After the mining is completed, the bottom of the lower and middle section of the R3 ore block is filled with high-strength cement, and the rest is filled with cement.

After adopting the filling method of steps 2-5, in the -510m isolation layer, the high-strength filling body of the -400m to -510m mine stope, the triangular ore pillar and the middle part of the high-strength filling of the -460m to -560m ore pillar stope constitute. Through numerical simulation, the strength of the filling body in the stope of the mine house from -400m to -510m should not be less than (C=0.7MPa, =30, corresponding to c=2.4MPa), and the thickness should not be less than 10m; the ore pillar from -460m to -560m The strength of the high-strength filling body in the middle of the stope should not be less than (C=0.9MPa, =30, corresponding to c=3.1MPa), and its thickness should not be less than 20m. According to the mechanical calculation results, because the filling body has a good "compressibility", the safety isolation effect of this isolation layer is better than that of the original rock pillar, and this filling method also prevents the problem of cemented filling and roof connection between the upper and lower middle sections, which can Fundamentally solve the worldwide filling and topping problem.

The vertical continuous mining method provided in this embodiment is suitable for thick ore body (thickness ≥ 40m), ore body inclination angle of 65-90 degrees, good stability of ore body and surrounding rock, and backfill mining method in the use stage. mine. On the basis of not reserving horizontal ore pillars between stages, this method not only ensures the safe mining and effective connection of each middle stope, but also continues to use the large-scale, high-intensity intensive intensive mining of mines to improve the working environment and working conditions of underground workers , improve the comprehensive production capacity of the stope, and shorten the recovery period of the stope. Promotion in our country will effectively reduce the loss of horizontal ore pillars between stages; improve the mining technology level of my country's underground metal mines and promote the development of continuous mining technology in underground metal mines nationwide; effectively improve the low production level of underground metal mines in the country (especially It is a passive situation of horizontal ore pillar mining); reduce the dilution rate and loss rate of inter-pillar stopes in underground metal mines nationwide, and promote the maximum recovery of metal resources; improve the mechanization level of underground mine mining in the country, and then promote the improvement of domestic mining machinery. Innovation and progress.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can easily think of changes or Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. continuous exploitation method on the vertical direction is characterized in that, comprising:

In vertical direction, ore body is divided into several stage casings, and each described stage casing is divided into stage casing, middle stage casing and following stage casing, by predetermined direction described several stage casings are numbered;

Be numbered odd number and successively exploit in the last stage casing and the middle stage casing in two described stage casings at least at interval to described, and the middle stage casing that exploitation is finished adopted the high strength consolidated fill of predetermined thickness, the last stage casing that exploitation is finished and the remainder employing consolidated fill in middle stage casing;

When all exploit and after filling finishes in all described stage casings that is numbered odd number, be numbered even number and successively exploit in the following stage casing and the middle stage casing in two described stage casings at least at interval to described, the high strength consolidated fill of predetermined thickness is all adopted in the top in the following stage casing that exploitation is finished and the bottom in bottom and middle stage casing, the remainder of exploitation being finished down the stage casing adopts consolidated fill, and the remainder in the middle stage casing that exploitation is finished adopts non-consolidated fill;

The described last stage casing that is numbered the stage casing of even number of finishing exploitation and filling is exploited, and non-consolidated fill is adopted in the last stage casing that exploitation is finished;

When all exploit and after filling finishes in all described stage casings that is numbered even number, the described following stage casing that is numbered the odd number zone is exploited, and the bottom in the exploitation following stage casing of finishing adopts the high strength consolidated fill, and the remainder in the following stage casing that exploitation is finished adopts consolidated fill.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the dust and sand that described high strength tailings gluing is a predetermined thickness is than the tailings gluing that is 1 to 4.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, to described be numbered the odd number stage casing in the process of exploiting of stage casing and middle stage casing, the two bottom sides in stage casing respectively keeps the nugget of a Delta Region in the middle of described.

4. based on the application of continuous exploitation method on the described vertical direction of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that this method is used for carrying out full ore body in vertical direction and exploits continuously.

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