CN102150542A - Method for planting Camelina sativa in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting Camelina sativa in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102150542A CN102150542A CN 201010600786 CN201010600786A CN102150542A CN 102150542 A CN102150542 A CN 102150542A CN 201010600786 CN201010600786 CN 201010600786 CN 201010600786 A CN201010600786 A CN 201010600786A CN 102150542 A CN102150542 A CN 102150542A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting Camelina sativa in saline-alkali soil, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, improving the saline-alkali soil; and secondly, respectively planting the Camelina sativa in the improved saline-alkali soil in spring and autumn. By using the method provided by the invention, the saline-alkali soil is subjected to adaptable modification, so that the Camelina sativa can favorably grow, and the production cost of the Camelina sativa is remarkably reduced. Meanwhile, a production method for planting the Camelina sativa in spring and autumn within one year is adopted for the first time, and the yield of the Camelina sativa is further increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting of agricultural technology field, specifically is a kind of method of planting flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) on the saline land.
Background technology
Flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) has another name called " golden joy ", " false flax ".From the Bronze Age, flax shepherd's purse just is planted in Europe and Central Asia in large quantities.After the World War II, flax shepherd's purse is progressively replaced by the rape of high yield.Because flax shepherd's purse has important purposes at numerous areas, therefore re-recognized and utilize by the mankind in recent years.Flax shepherd's purse is found unsaturated fatty acids such as containing abundant Omega-3 and Omega-6, helps human angiocardiopathy preventing; Cameline oil fat also can be used as high-grade industrial lubricant, also is a kind of good raw material in the cosmetic field simultaneously, and it is raw material with cameline oil fat that the researcher is arranged, and adopts the lipase-catalyzed esterification method to prepare the long-chain wax ester of high yield by hydrogenesis.
The effect of flax shepherd's purse in the bioenergy field is particularly important, biodiesel is that raw material obtains through over-churning with vegetable oil or animal oil generally, experimental results show that, produce the peak power output that biodiesel is used on the commercial motor vehicle through the cameline oil of cold press and filtration and can reach 43.25kw, have very big potentiality to be exploited at the biomass energy source domain; In automobile test, with the other biological fuel-based seemingly, the cameline oil methyl esters has bigger potentiality to be exploited as biofuel to the cameline oil methyl esters equally on the reduction fuel cost.Now, the biological aviation fuel based on flax shepherd's purse develops the man airline of the number biological aviation fuel based on flax shepherd's purse on probation.With flax shepherd's purse, Jatropha curcas and marine alga is that the aviation fuel of raw material can reduce by 80% greenhouse gas emission; Since 2012, European Union will impose carbon tax to entering the domestic aircraft of European Union, and the carbon tax that all airlines of China will pay 800,000,000 RMB also can improve later on year by year.Exploitation flax shepherd's purse etc. is the biological aviation fuel of raw material, becomes the extremely urgent strategic task of China's aviation industry.Therefore, reduce the production cost of flax shepherd's purse, a large amount of cameline oils to be provided, to become the problem of needing solution badly.
Adopt traditional crop-planting ground plantation flax shepherd's purse with high costs, can make based on the biofuel cost of flax shepherd's purse too highly, be difficult to meet the demand in market.Since 2006, some external professional plantation companies began that barren soil carries out the plantation of flax shepherd's purse in the limit, are used for production biodiesel and biological aviation fuel, but do not see relevant play-by-play in saline land plantation flax shepherd's purse method.China has abundant saline land resource, because the saline land salt content is too high, common crop is difficult to growth, therefore China's saline land availability is lower, if can utilize saline land plantation flax shepherd's purse not only can reduce the planting cost of flax shepherd's purse, and can have very important economic worth, environmental value and social value by enlarging the supply that cultivated area improves flax shepherd's purse.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of on the saline land, planting flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa).Method of the present invention is carried out adaptability reform to the saline land, make flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) to grow well, significantly reduced the production cost of flax shepherd's purse, the present invention has simultaneously adopted the production method of spring in 1 year, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse first, has significantly improved the output of flax shepherd's purse.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
The method of planting flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) on the saline land that the present invention relates to comprises the steps:
Step 1, the improvement saline land;
Step 2 is divided spring, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse on the saline land of improvement.
Preferably, the method for described improvement is one or more combination in the following method: engineering improved method, agronomy improved method, biological modification method and chemical amendments;
Described engineering improved method comprises builds drainage system, and described drainage system comprises the drain ditch of vertical setting and horizontally set, has culvert pipe to be connected between described longitudinal drain ditch and the transverse drain ditch;
Described agronomy improved method is included in and uses natural pond slag, natural pond liquid or its mixing on the soil;
Described biological modification method comprises the steps: at first to plant pioneer crop on the soil, after the harvesting stalk smashed and return the field to increase soil fertility and to improve the soil moisture passage;
Described chemical amendments comprises the steps: that using soil conditioner before spring sowing and autumn sowing improves the soil.
Preferably, described pioneer crop is sesbania (Sesbania Scop.) or perennial ryegrass (Ryegrass, Loliumperenne Lam.).
Preferably, described soil conditioner is ferrous sulfate or desulfurated plaster.
Preferably, be 15～April 15 March between the sowing time of plantation in spring, be 10～October 10 September between the sowing time of plantation in autumn.
Preferably, in the planting process when thinning and final singling in every mu of soil the strain number of flax shepherd's purse be 35000 strains～45000 strains.
Preferably, the amount of application of every mu of soil urea is 3.5kg～8.5kg in the planting process.
Preferably, the amount of application of every mu of soil double superphosphate is 1.0kg～2.3kg in the planting process.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount of every mu of soil fertilizer is 2000kg～2500kg in the planting process.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, method of the present invention is transformed the saline land, makes flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) to grow well, has significantly reduced the production cost of flax shepherd's purse;
2, the present invention has adopted the production method of spring in 1 year, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse first, has significantly improved the output of flax shepherd's purse.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit the present invention in any form.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The basic condition in the saline land that present embodiment relates to is as follows: the geomorphic unit of planting site belongs to Jiang Haipingyuanqu, and geological structure is under the jurisdiction of Chinese geological structure subregion raises sub-platform fold belt down, and the stratum is mainly powdery sand layer, and number surplus rice in the face of land is silty clay, silt; The deep is with flour sand, and fine sand is main.Ground endurance is 10～13 tons/m
2, geological structure is fairly simple, and is relatively stable; The local climate situation is as follows substantially: belong to subtropical monsoon climate, and gentle gentle, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, with heavy rainfall, sunshine abundance, average temperature of the whole year is 14.9 ℃, average annual rainfall is 1057mm, extreme temperature-10.6 ℃, in average 27.3 ℃ of the hottest July, historical thermal extremes is 38.6 ℃.
The implementation process of present embodiment comprises the steps:
1, improvement saline land;
Adopt the mode of engineering improved method, agronomy improved method, biological modification method and chemical amendments combination that the saline land is improved;
1.1 engineering improved method
At first constructing dam at planting site between the sea isolates;
Along planting site east-west direction (laterally), every zanjon of 1000 meters～1500 meters excavations, this zanjon is wide 4～5 meters, dark 2～2.5 meters;
Along planting site North and South direction (vertically), every middle ditch of 50 meters excavations, this zanjon is wide 3～4 meters, dark 1～1.5 meter;
Vertically be connected with culvert pipe between irrigation canals and ditches and lateral, and then make salt buck and rainwater in vertical irrigation canals and ditches to flow in the lateral through culvert pipe, the diameter of described culvert pipe is 15 centimetres～30 centimetres;
Saline and alkaline in order to get rid of better, the low-lying part excavation shallow ridges between the piece of field makes saline and alkaline in the plot flow freely in vertical irrigation canals and ditches by shallow ridges, discharges planting site by lateral again; Dark 30 centimetres of described shallow ridges, wide 15 centimetres;
In low-lying especially place, salinity in the soil of plot and alkali branch will accumulate in low-lying place, pre-buried some plastic tubes at the most low-lying place, and whole plot forms funnel-form, allows saline and alkalinely along with rainwater and underground water enter in the irrigation canals and ditches, reaches the purpose of improvement; The soil of part high salinity content, improvement cost is excessive, should directly be transported into soil the good farmland from the outside, saline-alkali soil in the displacement plot.
1.2 agronomy improved method
By using the natural pond slag and natural pond liquid is improved planting site; Natural pond slag, natural pond liquid belong to organic manure, can chesson, increase soil moisture, improve soil anion amount and soil buffer action energy, and a certain amount of nutrient can be provided; Use natural pond slag, natural pond liquid and can block salinity and assemble, thereby make crop can normally absorb nutrient to crop root.Chronic administration natural pond slag, natural pond liquid can reduce soil salt on the saline land, finally reach the purpose of soil melioration.Preferably, every mu of planting site is used 10 tons of natural pond liquid, and 2～3 tons of natural pond slags, but natural pond liquid, natural pond slag separate administration also can be used simultaneously.
1.3 biological modification method
At first improve soil salt content, preferred sesbania (Sesbania Scop.) or perennial ryegrass (Ryegrass, Lolium perenne Lam.) saline land plantation pioneer crop; Afterwards crops straw is smashed and returned the field, increase soil fertility; Simultaneously, stalk can effectively improve the soil moisture passage behind microbial fermentation in soil, allows saline and alkaline with rainwater and underground water discharge.
1.4 chemical amendments
Before spring sowing and autumn sowing, use soil conditioner with farming, turn over afterwards and bury.The amount of application of ferrous sulfate is every mu of 60kg; The amount of application of desulfurated plaster is 1.6～2.2 tons every mu; The two can be used separately, also can use simultaneously.
2, on the saline land of improvement, divide spring, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse;
Between the sowing time of plantation in spring is 15～April 15 March, in gathering in the crops August then; Between the sowing time of plantation in autumn is 10～October 10 September, gathers in the crops May next year; Same planting site was planted flax shepherd's purse one time last one year only, promptly adopted with other shift of crops modes and planted flax shepherd's purse, can improve the utilization rate of planting site like this, improved the output of flax shepherd's purse simultaneously.Offshore company mainly adopts the mode of planting flax shepherd's purse spring at present, does not still have the report that relevant spring and autumn is planted flax shepherd's purse simultaneously in the global range, and reason mainly is planting habit and technical problem.The present invention adopts the mode of two seasons plantation will significantly improve flax shepherd's purse seed year's purchase rate and land use rate.The present invention has adopted the production method of spring in 1 year, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse also to provide example for the plantation of flax shepherd's purse first.
In planting process, when thinning and final singling in every mu of soil the strain number of flax shepherd's purse be 35000 strains～45000 strains; The fertilizing amount of every mu of soil urea is 3.5kg～8.5kg in the planting process; The fertilizing amount of every mu of soil double superphosphate is 1.0kg～2.3kg in the planting process; The fertilizing amount of every mu of soil fertilizer is 2000kg～2500kg in the planting process, and described fertilizer is natural pond slag or the farmyard manure macerated.
The implementation result of present embodiment:
1, the improved effect in saline land
0～20cm soil layer projects are measured, be the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Project | Before the improvement | After the improvement |
| Organic | 4.8 gram/kilogram | Greater than 15 gram/kilograms |
| Full nitrogen | 0.36 gram/kilogram | Greater than 1.0 gram/kilograms |
| Available phosphorus | 3.2 milligram/kilogram | Greater than 5 milligrams/kilogram |
| Available potassium | 435 milligrams/kilogram | Greater than 100 milligrams/kilogram |
| Total salt | 19.3 gram/kilogram | 0.16 gram/kilogram |
| The pH value | 8.2 | 8.0 |
Plantation flax shepherd's purse on the saline land before transformation, emergence rate is almost 0; Behind alkaline land improvement, the production status of flax shepherd's purse is good, and the per mu yield of flax shepherd's purse can reach 110 kilograms, reaches as high as 160 kilograms; Simultaneously, improved planting site potassium content obviously reduces, and is very beneficial for flax shepherd's purse and emerges and grow up healthy and sound.
2, volume analysis
The highest per mu yield of flax shepherd's purse single cropping of saline land plantation reaches 160kg, and average yield is 110kg, and flax shepherd's purse seed oil content (mass fraction) is 36.1%～43.5%; Determination method for oil content is " GB/T 15690-2008--vegetable oil material--oil content mensuration--continuous wave low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance determination ".
3, cost analysis
Because the saline land is idle as the wasteland in the locality, the land tenure expense is extremely cheap, adds after the improvement cost in saline land, and the production cost of flax shepherd's purse is still well below the good farmland planting cost.With respect to the good farmland plantation, the cost of planting flax shepherd's purse in the saline land descends significantly, and flax shepherd's purse seed cost reduces about 66%, and cameline oil squeezing back cost reduces about 65%.
In sum, method of the present invention is carried out adaptability reform to the saline land, makes flax shepherd's purse (Camelina sativa) to grow well, has significantly reduced the production cost of flax shepherd's purse, makes implant mass flax shepherd's purse become possibility; The present invention has simultaneously adopted the production method of spring in 1 year, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse first, has significantly improved the output of flax shepherd's purse.
Claims (9)
1. the method for plantation flax shepherd's purse on the saline land is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the improvement saline land;
Step 2 is divided spring, two seasons of autumn plantation flax shepherd's purse on the saline land of improvement.
2. as claimed in claim 1 on the saline land method of plantation flax shepherd's purse, it is characterized in that the method for described improvement is one or more combination in the following method: engineering improved method, agronomy improved method, biological modification method and chemical amendments;
Described engineering improved method comprises builds drainage system, and described drainage system comprises the drain ditch of vertical setting and horizontally set, has culvert pipe to be connected between described longitudinal drain ditch and the transverse drain ditch;
Described agronomy improved method is included in and uses natural pond slag, natural pond liquid or its mixing on the soil;
Described biological modification method comprises the steps: at first to plant pioneer crop on the soil, after the harvesting stalk smashed and return the field to increase soil fertility and to improve the soil moisture passage;
Described chemical amendments comprises the steps: that using soil conditioner before spring sowing and autumn sowing improves the soil.
3. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described pioneer crop is sesbania or perennial ryegrass.
4. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described soil conditioner is ferrous sulfate or desulfurated plaster.
5. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is 15～April 15 March between the sowing time of plantation in spring, is 10～October 10 September between the sowing time of plantation in autumn.
6. as claimed in claim 1 on the saline land method of plantation flax shepherd's purse, it is characterized in that, in the planting process when thinning and final singling in every mu of soil the strain number of flax shepherd's purse be 35000 strains～45000 strains.
7. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the amount of application of every mu of soil nitrogenous fertilizer is 3.5kg～8.5kg in the planting process.
8. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the amount of application of every mu of soil phosphate fertilizer is 1.0kg～2.3kg in the planting process.
9. method of planting flax shepherd's purse on the saline land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the fertilizing amount of every mu of soil fertilizer is 2000kg～2500kg in the planting process.
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| CN105191612A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-30 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting hyacinth beans in moderate saline and alkaline land |
| CN105191613A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-30 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting milkvetch root in medium saline-alkali soil |
| CN105210604A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-01-06 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | The method of a kind of heavy salinized ground maize planting |
| CN105230264A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting wheat on severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN105230263A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting broad bean on moderate saline-alkali field |
| CN105230169A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting pepper on moderate saline-alkali soil |
| CN106258335A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 山东省滨州市秋田种业有限责任公司 | Region, Huanghe delta drought-resistant corn high-yield culture technique |
| CN106305039A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-11 | 山东省滨州市秋田种业有限责任公司 | Novel saline-alkali soil yield increase technology |
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