CN102147499B - Optical fibre fused tapering method using high-frequency pulse carbon dioxide laser as heat source - Google Patents

Optical fibre fused tapering method using high-frequency pulse carbon dioxide laser as heat source Download PDF

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CN102147499B
CN102147499B CN 201110061324 CN201110061324A CN102147499B CN 102147499 B CN102147499 B CN 102147499B CN 201110061324 CN201110061324 CN 201110061324 CN 201110061324 A CN201110061324 A CN 201110061324A CN 102147499 B CN102147499 B CN 102147499B
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optical fiber
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庞拂飞
李明
王廷云
张小贝
郭海润
郭强
陈娜
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fibre fused tapering method using high-frequency pulse carbon dioxide laser as a heat source. The method precisely adjusts laser beams based on the good heat absorption performance of a silica optical fibre close to the carbon dioxide laser wavelength and the characteristics that the high-frequency carbon dioxide laser can generate a continuous high temperature, so that a fused tapered optical fibre is drawn while the laser beams heat up the optical fibre continuously along a certain optical fibre length. The method is mainly characterized by: designing a reasonable laser beam scanning track graph, and ensuring that the laser beams scan the optical fibre all the time during the whole drawing procedure and that a heat area stable enough can be generated on the optical fibre; and simultaneously adjusting the parameters of the carbon dioxide laser beams and the step length of a stepping motor, so as to ensure the heat and force balance of the optical fibre during the drawing procedure. The method does not pollute the optical fibre, and is not influenced by the indoor airflow, oxygen content and the like; and the heat source is similar to a point heat source, and the manufacture precision of the fused tapered optical fibre is greatly improved. The fused tapered optical fibre manufactured by the method can be widely used in the fields like beam splitting and connection of light, optical fibre sensing, optical filters, optical communications and the like; and the application potential is huge.

Description

Using the optical fiber fused tapering method of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as thermal source
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly using the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as the optical fiber fused tapering method of thermal source, belong to the optical fiber technology field.
Background technology
Carbon dioxide (CO 2) laser processing technology the success the preparation process that is applied in many micro-optical devices based on optical fiber processing in.Such as making long period fiber grating, near-field scan probe and melting cone fiber etc.Melting cone fiber is the special Wave guide structure with cone waist and symmetrical bipyramid zone of transition, in many optical device, is widely used, such as fused optic fiber directional coupler, tunable optic filter and the optical fiber Shu wave sensor etc. that dies.
Melting cone fiber is generally made by the fused biconical taper technology by optical fiber.It is to utilize thermal source, and one section optical fiber of removing protective seam is heated, and makes its melting, is driven the fixture of fixed fiber by stepper motor simultaneously, makes it to two side stretchings, finally in heating zone, forms the special Wave guide structure of bicone form.In tradition fused biconical taper technique mainly with oxyhydrogen flame as thermal source, this technology is relatively ripe, cost performance is higher, is therefore the most general fused biconical taper method of application at present.But this technology is subject to the impact of surrounding environment, the variation of flame temperature will cause the heterogeneity of cone waist radius, simultaneously because heating source area is large, can cause the precision of melting cone type device to be subject to certain restrictions.1997, the people such as Hirohisa Yokota proposed at CO 2laser has when optical fiber is heated from effect of restraint (self-regulating effect), that is: under certain power condition, after optical fiber is arrived certain diameter by drawing-down, optical fiber can not absorb enough heats makes its melting, if now not strengthening laser power optical fiber just can not continue to attenuate, this is the not available characteristic of flame heating pyrometric cone method, and it is very favourable that this characteristic is accurately controlled the cone waist radius of melting cone fiber.After this, based on CO 2the method for making of the melting cone fiber of laser has obtained people's extensive concern.The people such as Timothy E Dimmick have shown the article of piece of writing Carbon dioxide laser fabrication of fused-fiber couplers and tapers by name in 1999 in " APPLIED OPTICS " the 33rd phase the 38th curly hair, propose for the first time to utilize carbon dioxide laser to melt and draw the device of cone and produced melting cone fiber and fused tapered coupler.This device adopts the method for scanning galvanometer to make laser beam not stop scanning along optical fiber, in the scanning heating optical fiber, draws melting cone fiber.This technology is expected under the flame method process conditions, and device easily produces the rheology defect problems such as crystallization ,Zhui district, coupled zone micro-crack to be improved.By By consulting literatures, can find:
Figure 2011100613242100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
existing CO 2laser is as in thermal source fused biconical taper method, the equipment more complicated that seems;
Figure 743481DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
laser spot diameter used reaches hundreds of micron (or larger), if reach the laser instrument that the fusing point (1800 degrees centigrade of left and right) of optical fiber need to be selected high-power (20 watts or larger), causes like this energy consumption higher;
Figure 2011100613242100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the laser of selecting mostly is continuous light, more be unfavorable for overcoming the hysteresis quality of galvanometer (in the actual scanning process, there is certain hysteresis quality in scanning galvanometer, that is, and and when galvanometer moves to the two ends, left and right of scanning area, the acceleration pop-off of galvanometer, and now laser beam does not stop, so just causing forming the laser compact district at the edge of hot-zone, produce too high temperature, even optical fiber is caused to physical damnification) impact, be unfavorable for producing a hot-zone scope more stably.The present invention proposes to adopt high-frequency impulse CO 2laser, as thermal source, is made fused biconical taper optical fiber, and this technique table reveals the advantage that many burner flame do not have, and for making high-quality melting cone fiber, has important value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect for existing fused biconical taper optical fiber technology of preparing, provide a kind of with high-frequency impulse CO 2laser is as the molten method of drawing optical fiber of thermal source.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is: select high-frequency impulse CO 2laser is as thermal source, the energy of pulsed light on time domain by high compression, there is very high peak power, can produce moment high temperature, and pulse laser is placed under the high frequency state while working, can produce like this moment high temperature and can keep continuous high temperature again, lasting heat required in the optical fiber fused tapering process can be provided.The high-frequency impulse CO selected 2the spot diameter of laser is only had an appointment 50 microns, be less than the diameter of optical fiber, can not cover optical fiber fully, in order to produce enough large stable hot-zone on optical fiber, need a laser beam flying trajectory diagram of design, utilize scanning galvanometer to make laser beam according to this laser beam flying trajectory diagram continuous sweep optical fiber, thereby reach the purpose that makes fiber fuse.
Utilize computer settings laser scanning trajectory diagram, its along fiber axis to distance characterized the length that is melted optical fiber, and distance radially should be set between melting cone fiber cone waist final diameter and spot diameter.This trajectory diagram is comprised of ten different directed line segments in interval, scanning galvanometer can make laser beam carry out the zigzag shuttle-scanning according to this track while scan figure along the optical fiber axial direction, consider in invention that optical fiber is columniform, so thin structure in close both sides in the middle of having designed, the heat absorption that is conducive to like this optical fiber is even, adopt the Z-shaped line scanning effectively to avoid the physical damnification of laser beam to the optical fiber two ends, can guarantee the homogeneity of hot-zone as far as possible.
The key step of the method is: the part optical fiber that optical fiber is removed to coat with wire-stripping pliers is placed in heating and melting under carbon dioxide laser, drive two fiber clamps to two side stretchings by stepper motor simultaneously, make optical fiber local softening part (naked fine part) with suitable speed by drawing-down, finally in heating zone, form the special Wave guide structure of the bicone shape that comprises two symmetrical zone of transition and cone waist.Below the key step of this invention is described in further detail:
According to foregoing invention, conceive, the present invention adopts following technical proposals: a kind ofly using the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as the optical fiber fused tapering method of thermal source, operation steps is as follows: the 1) set-up procedure of optical fiber, 2) warm, 3) fused biconical taper process, 4) encapsulation process; It is characterized in that in described warm and fused biconical taper process, the naked fine part to optical fiber is heated as thermal source to adopt the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser, the laser beam adopted is high-frequency pulse light, frequency is the 5-10 KHz, dutycycle is 80% ± 2%, the diameter of its laser facula is 50 ± 5 microns, be less than the diameter of naked fine part, can be approximately heat point source, laser beam can accurately be controlled in the scanning hot-zone of naked fine part, only needs the laser power of 0.4W just can make naked fine part reach molten condition; The laser scanning trajectory diagram of described laser beam is comprised of the thin contact line segment in close both sides, ten centres, laser beam is carried out the Z-shaped shuttle-scanning according to this laser scanning trajectory diagram along naked fine section axial, thereby form the scanning hot-zone of setting range on naked fine part, and can guarantee that size is 400 π ± 40 μ m 2the optical fiber area all the time under the scanning of laser beam, thereby guarantee that naked fine part keeps the melted by heating state always, and avoid naked fine part to be pulled off.
Above-mentioned steps 1) set-up procedure of optical fiber is: get one section optical fiber with coat, the optical fiber center section is removed to the naked fine part that coat obtains certain-length with wire-stripping pliers, with alcohol, the naked fine part covering of wiping is stand-by repeatedly; Adjust the distance between two fiber clamps, the naked fine part of horizontal of removing coat is placed in to the position vertical with laser beam, first the fiber clamp of an end is clipped, wait the counterweight that imposes constant weight to make optical fiber after naturally exceptionally straight state, then clip another fiber clamp; One termination light source of optical fiber, another termination light power meter; Adjusting microscope position makes it aim at naked fine part.
Above-mentioned steps 2) warm is: carbon dioxide laser is set to less performance number and starts, at this moment laser beam scans on baffle plate (this is because initial several pulse energies of CO 2 pulse laser device are stronger and unstable, and directly scanning easily causes physical damnification on naked fine part) according to the laser beam flying trajectory diagram; Wait for that certain hour is after laser beam is stable, the startup y-axis stepper motor is opened baffle plate makes laser beam start to scan naked fine part, adjust the offset parameter of laser beam on focal plane, naked fine part place, until by microscopic examination to laser facula back and forth continuous sweep on naked fine part, thereby guarantee that laser beam aims at naked fine partial continuous heating; The power of described carbon dioxide laser is that smaller value refers to by observing light power meter and can find out in this process and substantially do not produce optical power loss, thereby effectively avoids laser beam to cause physical damnification to naked fine part; This scanning process continues after about certain hour, baffle plate to be resetted, last closing carbon dioxide laser instrument,
Above-mentioned steps 3) the fused biconical taper process is: after warm completes, set segmentation speed and the step-length of X-axis stepper motor, the power that increases rapidly carbon dioxide laser is desired value and starts, and first makes laser beam scan on baffle plate according to the laser beam flying trajectory diagram; Wait for that certain hour, after laser beam is stable, first starts y-axis stepper motor baffle plate is opened, in the naked fine part of laser beam flying, the X-axis stepper motor drives two fiber clamps to two side stretchings according to setting speed and step-length; Wait X-axis stepper motor is covered the whole cone length of drawing according to setting speed and step-length (can accurately control the pattern of melting cone fiber by draw cone total length and the laser beam flying trajectory diagram of adjusting the X-axis stepper motor along the scanning distance of naked fine section axial, thereby optimize the optical characteristics of melting cone fiber), draw and bored.Make the baffle plate rear closing carbon dioxide laser instrument that resets.In this process, the power of described carbon dioxide laser is that desired value refers to by light power meter and can record the luminous power temporal evolution situation map in the cone process that draws that reaches expectation.
Above-mentioned steps 4) encapsulation process is: after drawing cone to finish, can utilize quartzy V-type groove and epoxy glue to carry out packaging protection to melting cone fiber.
The present invention compares with present technology, has following apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
The present invention takes full advantage of the advantage of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser, has realized purpose as thermal source fused biconical taper optical fiber with it, is a kind of melting cone fiber method for making of highly effective.In invention, selected the laser power of 0.4 watt to by molten, being drawn optical fiber to be heated, and successfully drawn out the low-loss melting cone fiber of different length, this is far smaller than the performance number (tens watts) of mentioning in document.The major advantage of the method has:
Figure 2011100613242100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
, high-frequency pulse light can provide fused optic fiber required lasting heat, only needs the very little power just can be fiber fuse, this greatly reduces the energy consumption of laser instrument.
Figure 121635DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, the laser beam spot diameter is less than by the diameter of molten optical fiber, can accurately control laser beam it is acted on optical fiber fully, improved the utilization factor of laser beam.
, pulsed light the switch time delay smaller, can effectively overcome the impact of scanning galvanometer hysteresis quality, easily obtain equally distributed hot-zone scope, thereby be conducive to make low-loss melting cone fiber.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 makes the device schematic diagram of melting cone fiber in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the optical fiber constitutional diagram in the fiber fuse process in the present invention, laser beam flying hot-zone scope schematic diagram and laser scanning trajectory diagram.
Fig. 3 makes the key step of melting cone fiber in the present invention.
Fig. 4 makes the luminous power temporal evolution situation map monitored in the melting cone fiber process in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the melting cone fiber instance graph of making in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is elaborated:
Embodiment mono-:
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, using the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as the optical fiber fused tapering method of thermal source, operation steps is as follows: the 1) set-up procedure of optical fiber, 2) warm, and 3) the fused biconical taper process, 4) encapsulation process; It is characterized in that in described warm and fused biconical taper process, the naked fine part to optical fiber is heated as thermal source to adopt the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser, the laser beam adopted is high-frequency pulse light, frequency is the 5-10 KHz, dutycycle is 80% ± 2%, the diameter of its laser facula is 50 ± 5 microns, be less than the diameter of naked fine part, can be approximately heat point source, laser beam can accurately be controlled in the scanning hot-zone of naked fine part, only needs the laser power of 0.4W just can make naked fine part reach molten condition; The laser scanning trajectory diagram of described laser beam is comprised of the thin contact line segment in close both sides, ten centres, laser beam is carried out the Z-shaped shuttle-scanning according to this laser scanning trajectory diagram along naked fine section axial, thereby form the scanning hot-zone of setting range on naked fine part, and can guarantee that size is 400 π ± 40 μ m 2the optical fiber area all the time under the scanning of laser beam, thereby guarantee that naked fine part keeps the melted by heating state always, and avoid naked fine part to be pulled off.
Embodiment bis-:
The present embodiment and embodiment mono-are basic identical, and special feature is as follows:
Figure 6414DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
, optical fiber set-up procedure.Get the standard single-mode fiber with coat (5) that a segment length is 3m, coat is removed to wire-stripping pliers in intermediate portion, obtain the naked fine part (14) that a segment length is 1cm, with alcohol, naked fine part (14) covering of wiping is stand-by repeatedly.The distance of adjusting between two fiber clamps (11,12) is 8cm, naked fine part (14) level of removing coat is placed in to the position vertical with laser beam (10), first the fiber clamp of optical fiber (5) one ends (11) is clipped, Deng the counterweight that imposes constant weight, make optical fiber (5) after naturally exceptionally straight state, then clip another fiber clamp (12).One end of optical fiber (5) connects 1550nm light source (6), and the other end connects light power meter (7), to monitor whole process.Adjust microscope (8) makes it aim at naked fine part (14) simultaneously.
Figure 273448DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, warm.Be the power setting of carbon dioxide laser (2) 0.2W startup, at this moment laser beam (10) scans on baffle plate (9) according to laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18), after waiting for 5s, startup y-axis stepper motor (13) is opened baffle plate (9) makes laser beam (10) start to scan naked fine part (14), adjust laser beam (10) side-play amount of X and Y-direction on naked fine part (14) focal plane, place and be respectively X=+0.289mm and Y=0mm, now use microscope (8) can observe laser facula (16) in the upper reciprocal continuous sweep of naked fine part (14), thereby assurance laser beam (10) is aimed at naked fine part (14) laser heating.Meanwhile observe the optical power change situation on light power meter (7), can see in this process and substantially not produce optical power loss.This scanning process continued approximately after two minutes, starts y-axis stepper motor (13) baffle plate (9) is resetted, last closing carbon dioxide laser instrument (2).
Figure 534665DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, the fused biconical taper process.After warm completes, segmentation speed and step-length that X-axis stepper motor (3,4) is set are 50 μ m/s(2mm), 30 μ m/s(5mm) and 20 μ m/s(4mm), so always drawing cone length is 11mm, and always drawing the cone time is 400s, and the melting cone fiber overall length is 13mm.The power that increases rapidly carbon dioxide laser (2) is 0.4W, and start, first make laser beam (10) scan on baffle plate (9) according to laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18), wait for 5s, after laser beam (10) is stable, first start y-axis stepper motor (13) baffle plate (9) is opened, in laser beam (10) scanning, in naked fine part (14), X-axis stepper motor (3,4) drives two fiber clamps (11,12) to two side stretchings.That Deng stepper motor (3,4), covers setting always draws cone length, draws cone to finish.In this process, by light power meter (7), record the whole luminous power temporal evolution situation map (19) (as shown in Figure 4) in the cone process that draws.Simultaneously can whole naked fine part (14) the physical change situation (Fig. 5 is melting cone fiber (20) instance graph while drawing cone to finish) of drawing in the cone process of Real Time Observation by microscope (8).
Figure 203543DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, encapsulation process.After drawing and having bored, melting cone fiber (20) is carried out to packaging protection, melting cone fiber (20) is placed in quartzy V-type groove, appropriate epoxy glue on not tapered fiber place's point at two ends, blow to maroon and mean to be cured with hot gas, and encapsulation completes.
The method for designing of the laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18) that wherein step 2,3 is used is as follows: draw the line segment at ten different directions and interval on computing machine (1), these line segments are compressed into to rectangle and form laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18).This laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18) distance radial and axial along naked fine part (14) is respectively 30 μ m and 3mm, be radially 30 μ m, much smaller than the diameter 125 μ m of naked fine part (14), also be less than the diameter 50 μ m of laser facula (16), can guarantee that like this size is about 400 π μ m 2optical fiber area (17) is all the time under the scanning of laser beam (10), and naked fine part (14) still has laser beam (10) in the upper continuous sweep of naked fine part (14) moving to after diameter is less than 20 μ m; Be axially 3mm, it directly determines that naked fine part (14) is melted the volume size of drawing cone, suitably selects axial length and draws the cone total length can produce the melting cone fiber (20) of different-shape.
The example of this making melting cone fiber method, not only technique is simple, and cost of manufacture is low, and has obtained the low-loss melting cone fiber of the different length of symmetrical pattern, and the method is not subject to such environmental effects, has very high repeatability, is suitable for batch production.

Claims (5)

1. using the high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as the optical fiber fused tapering method of thermal source for one kind, operation steps is as follows: the 1) set-up procedure of optical fiber, 2) warm, 3) the fused biconical taper process, 4) encapsulation process, it is characterized in that in described warm and fused biconical taper process, the naked fine part (14) to optical fiber (5) is heated as thermal source to adopt high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser (2), the laser beam (10) adopted is high-frequency pulse light, frequency is the 5-10 KHz, dutycycle is 80% ± 2%, the diameter of its laser facula (16) is 50 ± 5 microns, be less than the diameter of naked fine part (14), can be approximately heat point source, laser beam (10) can accurately be controlled in the scanning hot-zone (15) of naked fine part (14), only need the laser power of 0.4W just can make naked fine part (14) reach molten condition, the laser scanning trajectory diagram (18) of described laser beam (10) is comprised of the thin contact line segment in close both sides, ten centres, laser beam (10) is axially carried out Z-shaped according to this laser scanning trajectory diagram (18) along naked fine part (14) and is moved back and forth scanning, thereby in the upper scanning hot-zone (15) that forms setting range of naked fine part (14), and can guarantee that size is 400 π ± 40 μ m 2optical fiber area (17) all the time under the scanning of laser beam (10), thereby guarantee that naked fine part (14) keeps the melted by heating state always, and avoid naked fine part (14) to be pulled off.
2. using the optical fiber fused tapering method of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as thermal source according to claims 1 are described, the set-up procedure that it is characterized in that described step 1) optical fiber is: get the standard single-mode fiber with coat (5) that a segment length is 3m, coat is removed to wire-stripping pliers in intermediate portion, obtain the naked fine part (14) of one section preseting length, with alcohol, naked fine part (14) covering of wiping is stand-by repeatedly; The distance of adjusting between two fiber clamps (11,12) is 8cm ± 0.5cm, naked fine part (14) level of removing coat is placed in to the position vertical with laser beam (10), first the fiber clamp of optical fiber (5) one ends (11) is clipped, Deng the counterweight that imposes setting weight, make optical fiber (5) after naturally exceptionally straight state, then clip another fiber clamp (12); One end of optical fiber (5) connects light source (6), and the other end connects a light power meter (7), to monitor whole process; Adjust a microscope (8) makes it aim at naked fine part (14) simultaneously.
3. using the optical fiber fused tapering method of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as thermal source according to claims 1 are described, it is characterized in that described step 2) warm is: is the power setting of carbon dioxide laser (2) 0.2W and starts, at this moment laser beam (10) scans on a baffle plate (9) according to laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18), after waiting for 3-8s, starting a y-axis stepper motor (13) opens this baffle plate (9) and makes laser beam (10) start to scan naked fine part (14), adjust the side-play amount of laser beam (10) X and Y-direction on naked fine part (14) focal plane, place, now use microscope (8) can observe laser facula (16) in the upper reciprocal continuous sweep of naked fine part (14), thereby assurance laser beam (10) is aimed at naked fine part (14) laser heating, meanwhile observe the optical power change situation on light power meter (7), can see in this process and substantially not produce optical power loss, after this scanning process continues 100s ± 5s, start y-axis stepper motor (13) baffle plate (9) is resetted, finally close carbon dioxide laser used (2).
4. using the optical fiber fused tapering method of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as thermal source according to claims 1 are described, it is characterized in that described step 3) fused biconical taper process is: after warm completes, an X-axis stepper motor (3 is set, 4) segmentation speed and step-length, increase rapidly the power of carbon dioxide laser (2), and start, first make laser beam (10) scan on baffle plate (9) according to laser beam flying trajectory diagram (18), wait for 3-8s, after laser beam (10) is stable, first starting y-axis stepper motor (13) opens baffle plate (9), in laser beam (10), scan in naked fine part (14), X-axis stepper motor (3, 4) drive two fiber clamps (11, 12) to two side stretchings, that Deng stepper motor (3,4), covers setting always draws cone length, draws cone to finish, in this process, by light power meter (7), record the whole luminous power temporal evolution situation in the cone process of drawing, simultaneously can whole naked fine part (14) the physical change situation of drawing in the cone process of Real Time Observation by microscope (8).
5. using the optical fiber fused tapering method of high-frequency impulse carbon dioxide laser as thermal source according to claims 1 are described; it is characterized in that described step 4) encapsulation process is: after drawing and having bored; melting cone fiber (20) is carried out to packaging protection; melting cone fiber (20) is placed in a quartzy V-type groove; epoxy glue on not tapered fiber place's point at two ends; blow to maroon and mean to be cured with hot gas, encapsulation completes.
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