CN102147478B - Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool - Google Patents
Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102147478B CN102147478B CN 201010610767 CN201010610767A CN102147478B CN 102147478 B CN102147478 B CN 102147478B CN 201010610767 CN201010610767 CN 201010610767 CN 201010610767 A CN201010610767 A CN 201010610767A CN 102147478 B CN102147478 B CN 102147478B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- data
- oil
- seismic
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
A pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool comprises the steps of: obtaining the original seismic data by the artificially excited seismic wave, thereby obtaining the geologic horizon file of the target layer; selecting the optimal time window of the geologic horizon file to determine the target layer; separating the near, middle and far offset distance data for the pre-stack seismic data in the target layer; performing spectrum analysis for the data in the target layer range, so as to respectively obtain the oil and gas sensitive optimal frequency ranges of the seismic data before and after the stacking; extracting seismic wave low and high frequency information in the target layer within the oil and gas sensitive optimal frequency ranges by the frequency division technology; detecting whether oil and gas exist or not by the characteristics that the low frequency range energy is enhanced and the high frequency range energy is weakened; and finally comparing with a known exploratory well, and analyzing and outputting the result. In the invention, based on the two-phase medium model much closer to the underground actual situation, the use of the pre-stack low frequency signal with richer information for recognizing the oil and gas reservoir stratums is realized; and compared with traditional indirect method and direct method, the recognition method has the advantages of low cost and high precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recognition methods of Complex Reservoir, be specifically related to a kind of prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of Complex Reservoir, belong to the geophysical survey field.
Background technology
Traditionally, the main method of reservoir being carried out oil and gas detection is indirect method, namely seeks the structure that may contain oil gas and then definite well location.At present, along with continually developing of hydrocarbon resources, progressively turned to lithologic deposit or process of complex reservoir exploration by the structural deposit exploration, difficulties in exploration continues to increase, and needs to seek new technology and goes to solve the problem that faces.Since finding the bright spot technology, utilized the method for seismic event identification oil reservoir progressively to be carried out to prestack inversion by the poststack inverting, as AVO technology, elastic impedance inverting etc.These new methods have been seen good effect in certain areas, but are not to be applicable to area used, still need to seek the test problems that new method goes to solve hydrocarbon-bearing pool.On the other hand, former method mostly is based on the single-phase medium model, and oil-bearing reservoir is typical two-phase media, and this is also not high main cause of former method precision.Two-phase media model and actual conditions are more approaching, and obviously the gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model should have higher precision.Zhang Huixing has proposed a kind of gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model in doctor's thesis of 2004, and has done the numerical model experiment, has also seen good effect in the application of real data.Yet, the method that Zhang Huixing proposes is used in the poststack seismic data, because Prestack seismic data is compared with the poststack seismic data, has abundanter information, therefore, the Prestack seismic data gas-oil detecting method based on the two-phase media model will have higher precision and reliability.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of Complex Reservoir, for the oil-gas exploration of the Complex Reservoir that is difficult to detect, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical conceive of the present invention is based on present existing two-phase media model, comprising input offset geological data (being altogether image gather data or post-stack migration data of prestack) and zone of interest position file; Select the Optimum Time Window of zone of interest, the length of a complete cycle that can seismic waveshape is as the criterion; Then choose the low high-band frequency of oil gas sensitivity; Recycling frequency splitting technology such as small echo frequency division or triangle filtering frequency division extract low-frequency range energy and the high band energy of seismic event; According to low high band (energy) information of extraction oil gas sensitivity, just can utilize the prestack low frequency signal and based on two-phase media model realization oil and gas detection.
The prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of Complex Reservoir of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selected exploratory area, utilize artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data (being Prestack seismic data) and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) obtain a layer file of zone of interest by the mode (being the mode of well shake associating) of existing Yue kou and above-mentioned seismic data joint in the exploratory area;
One of mode of well shake associating is that the geology layering with well projects on seismic data, then time of zone of interest is extracted and preserves into a form and be the layer position file of ASCII character;
It is characterized in that the method is further comprising the steps of:
(4) select the Optimum Time Window of a layer file and determine zone of interest: select the other seismic trace of arbitrary seismic trace or arbitrary prospect pit, a complete cycle selecting seismic waveshape on the layer position of the zone of interest of this seismic trace as the time window width, and with the time window as zone of interest;
Can be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to layer position file, if top, window when in the time of, window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins, if oil reservoir bottom, window when in the time of, window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape;
(5) prestack in zone of interest being total to the image gather data carries out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: the offset distance size that is total to data in the image gather data according to prestack, geological data in zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through again overlap-add procedure and (be about to react the nearly offset distance data of multiple tracks or middle offset distance data or the offset distance data addition far away of same point, and divided by total road number of participating in sum operation, obtain a track data), and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away, if the poststack data, need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away,
Can be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3～1/2 of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away;
(6) seek the characteristic frequency section of oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for respectively the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack poststack seismic data;
For guaranteeing that the frequency band scope of analyzing has ubiquity, need choose the other seismic trace of at least two prospect pits analyzes, the frequency band scope that all seismic traces of analyzing are asked for is averaged again, mean value (L1 with low-frequency range, L2) and the mean value (H1, H2) of high band as the optimum frequency section of oil gas sensitivity;
(7) extract the low high-frequency information (energy) of seismic event in zone of interest: low-frequency range information (energy) and the high band information (energy) of extracting the oil gas sensitivity by certain technological means such as frequency splitting technology; To arbitrary road earthquake data, carry out frequency division and process in the responsive optimum frequency segment limit of the oil gas of being determined by step (6), and utilize the maximal value of all frequency division results to represent the seismic wave energy that this seismic trace oil gas sensitive frequency section is interior;
Because the low-frequency range energy is far longer than the high band energy value, for ease of showing, low, high-frequency energy value can be done standardization, be about to data and unify normalizing to same scope, the interval as 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 interval;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, namely check the low high band energy value of asking in step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes large with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result: if the oil and gas detection result of middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data and known prospect pit contrast difference are larger, return to the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again; If oil and gas detection result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less;
(10) Output rusults: draw respectively low frequency, the high-frequency energy curve (or plane isopleth) in survey line (or work area), seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
Characteristics of the present invention are to utilize the seismic data direct detection of oil and gas, compare with traditional indirect Search For Oil And Gas method, have advantages of that cost is low, precision is high; The gas-oil detecting method that the present invention proposes is based on the two-phase media model, the two-phase media model is compared with traditional single-phase medium model, and is more approaching with underground actual conditions, therefore, the present invention compares with traditional direct detection of oil and gas method, has higher precision and reliability; The present invention proposes the method for utilizing prestack low frequency signal identification of hydrocarbon reservoir, because Prestack seismic data is compared with the poststack seismic data, have abundanter information, utilizing Prestack seismic data to detect the precision of oil gas can be higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is basic procedure signal journey figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is to standardization flow process schematic diagram low, the high band energy.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of selection Optimum Time Window of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of oil and gas detection of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention makes with low frequency energy and high-frequency energy the schematic diagram that the difference computing obtains fusion results.
Wherein, 1, seismic trace, 2, the layer position of zone of interest, 3, the time window, 4, the relatively large value of low-frequency range energy, 5, the relatively little value of high band energy, 6, surrounding values, 7, the oil-gas bearing area.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on present existing two-phase media model, comprise input offset geological data (being altogether image gather data or post-stack migration data of prestack) and zone of interest position file; Select the Optimum Time Window of zone of interest, the length of a complete cycle that can seismic waveshape is as the criterion; Then choose the low high-band frequency of oil gas sensitivity; Recycling frequency splitting technology such as small echo frequency division or triangle filtering frequency division extract low-frequency range energy and the high band energy of seismic event; According to low high band (energy) information of extraction oil gas sensitivity, just can utilize the prestack low frequency signal and based on two-phase media model realization oil and gas detection.
As shown in Figure 1, concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) selected exploratory area, utilize artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data (being Prestack seismic data) and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) obtain a layer file of zone of interest by the mode (being the mode of well shake associating) of existing Yue kou and above-mentioned seismic data joint in the exploratory area; One of mode of well shake associating is that the geology layering with well projects on seismic data, then time of zone of interest is extracted and preserves into a form and be the layer position file of ASCII character;
(4) select the Optimum Time Window of a layer file and determine zone of interest: as shown in Figure 3, an optional seismic trace or the other seismic trace of an optional prospect pit, select on the layer position 2 of the zone of interest of the seismic event 1 of this seismic trace seismic waveshape a complete cycle length as the time window 3 width; And with the time window as zone of interest; For the ease of calculating, can adopt identical time window width to all seismic traces, as long as this identical time window width can comprise the thickness of oil-bearing strata;
Can be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to layer position file, if top, window when in the time of, window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins, if oil reservoir bottom, window when in the time of, window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape;
(5) prestack in zone of interest being total to the image gather data carries out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: be total to the image gather data for prestack, the data of its different offset distance scopes are mixed in together, be total to the offset distance size of data in the image gather data according to prestack, geological data in zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through again overlap-add procedure and (be about to react the nearly offset distance data of multiple tracks of same point or middle offset distance data or offset distance data phase adduction far away divided by total road number of participating in sum operation, obtain a track data), and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away, if the poststack data, need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away,
Can be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3～1/2 of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away;
(6) seek the characteristic frequency section of oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack seismic data, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for respectively the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack poststack seismic data;
Concrete methods of realizing is as follows:
1., select the other seismic trace A of known prospect pit from Prestack seismic data and poststack seismic data
i(i is the test Taoist monastic name);
2., choose frequency f between 1Hz to 100Hz
j(j is the frequency sequence number) is with f
jCentered by frequency, adopt triangular filter to carry out filtering to the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk(k is the sampling period); Or adopt wavelet transformation to carry out filtering to the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk
3., ask for the maximal value D of filtering result
j
N wherein
tBe the sampling number in zone of interest;
4., j=j+1, iterative cycles 2., 3. two the step, until calculated all frequencies; For the purpose of accurately, general number of filter used will reach some, as 100～400;
5., with f
jFor independent variable is drawn D
j(f
j) figure, obtain well lie result of spectrum analysis;
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until calculated all tests roads;
7., respectively to all oilys and not the result of spectrum analysis in the test road of oily add up, obtain the oil gas sensitive features frequency range in whole piece survey line or whole work area, determine the mean value (L1, L2) of low-frequency range of oil gas sensitivity and the mean value (H1, H2) of high band;
The low-frequency range frequency of usually oil air-sensitive sense can be less than the seismic event dominant frequency, and high-band frequency is greater than the seismic event dominant frequency.
(7) extract the low high-frequency energy (information) of seismic event in zone of interest: low-frequency range information (energy) and the high band information (energy) of extracting the oil gas sensitivity by certain technological means such as frequency splitting technology, to arbitrary road earthquake data, the maximal value that can ask for data in the characteristic frequency segment limit represents the seismic wave energy that this road characteristic frequency section is interior;
Wherein, ask for the implementation method of low frequency energy information of each seismic trace as follows:
1., input seismic trace A
i(i is the earthquake Taoist monastic name);
2., select centre frequency f
j(wherein, f
jBelong to (L1, L2), j is its wave filter sequence number), utilize triangular filter or wavelet transformation to carry out filtering to the input data, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk(k is the sampling point sequence number);
3., ask for A
ijkMaximal value B
ij
4., repeat 2.～3., until calculated all low frequency filters;
5., ask for B
ijMaximal value D
iLow frequency energy information as this seismic trace;
N wherein
fBe number of filter.
6., i=i+1, repeat 1.～5., until calculated all each roads;
And the high-frequency energy information of seismic trace can adopt identical method to ask for, and namely only needs above-mentioned steps the interval (L1, L2) in 2. to change interval (H1, H2) into and gets final product;
As shown in Figure 2, because the low-frequency range energy is far longer than the high band energy value, for ease of showing, low, high-frequency energy value can be done standardization, be about to data and unify normalizing to same scope, the interval as 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 interval; As shown in Figure 5, also low frequency energy and high-frequency energy can be done the difference computing, obtain a fusion results;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, namely check the low high band energy value of asking in step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes large with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not; For convenience's sake, as shown in Figure 4, can will should plot respectively curve or planimetric map by low high band energy value, if the low-frequency range energy value becomes greatly with respect to surrounding values 6 in there are certain zone in curve or planimetric map, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values 6, judge that the relatively large value of this low-frequency range energy 4 and the relatively little value 5 of high band energy corresponding zone are oil-gas bearing area 7, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not; As shown in Figure 5, if utilize the fusion results that above-mentioned difference computing obtains directly to determine oil-gas bearing area 7;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result: for Prestack seismic data, can obtain three oil and gas detection results, be respectively nearly offset distance oil and gas detection result, middle offset distance oil and gas detection result and offset distance oil and gas detection result far away, offset distance oil and gas detection result is near truth in experiment is found, so to these three results, take middle offset distance oil and gas detection result as main, other is For Information Only as a result; And the poststack data is had to an oil and gas detection result; Oil and gas detection result and known prospect pit contrast difference as middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data are larger, be that the oil-gas possibility testing result low frequency energy enhancing do not occur in high produce oil stream well area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, the oily situation that result and fixed well are described does not meet, and returns to the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again; If result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less, be that the low frequency energy that oil-gas possibility testing result known oil well zone in the work area has occurred strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, and do not occur in known dry-well zone (if any) that low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, illustrate that to utilize this method to carry out the result of oil and gas detection consistent with actual conditions;
(10) Output rusults: draw respectively low frequency, the high-frequency energy curve (or plane isopleth) in survey line (or work area), seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool;
Wherein, to seismic line, obtain reaction oil gas the characteristics of information curve; For a three-dimensional work area, can obtain the planimetric map of reaction oil gas information; Draw a circle to approve the oily scope on figure according to hydrocarbon characteristic;
Draw a circle to approve for convenience the oily scope, above-mentioned low frequency energy and high-frequency energy can be done the difference computing and obtained a fusion results, express on figure as a result, then delineation oily scope on this curve.
Because mainly utilizing the amplitude characteristic of seismic data and frequency characteristic, the present invention detects oil gas; seismic data through the Whole frequency band relative amplitude preserved processing more is conducive to application of the present invention; therefore, the processing stage of seismic data, pay special attention to the protection to the seismic data low-frequency component.
In two-phase media, the propagation law of seismic event is different from single-phase medium, interaction due to solid and fluid, not only the kinematics character of ripple can change, and the dynamic characteristic of ripple also can change, and the variation of the dynamic characteristic of ripple may be as the foundation that detects oil gas.At present, in the description two-phase media, the model of seismic wave propagation rule mainly contains three types: the Biot two-phase media is theoretical, injection stream is theoretical and the BISQ model.The injection stream theory application need to know the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of rock, and the structural information of rock often is not easy to know, this has just limited its application in practice.Aspect the description wave attenuation, to compare with the BISQ theory, the Biot theory can obtain more reliable result.Simultaneously, the BISQ theory is very complicated, also is difficult to be applied in reality.Therefore select the variation of the dynamic characteristic of Biot two-phase media theoretical research two-phase media medium wave.
Biot two-phase media Seismic Wave Equation is:
In formula, λ and μ are elastic parameter, are equivalent to the Lame's constant in single-phase isotropic elasticity theory; Q is the elastic constant of the coupling character between reaction solid and fluid volume variation; R makes the fluid of certain volume flow into this aggregate and keep constant a kind of of pressure who is applied on fluid of cumulative volume to measure; ρ
11Be the total equivalent mass of solid portion during the solid-phase fluid motion in unit volume; ρ
22The total equivalent mass of fluid section during to solids movement for fluid-phase in unit volume; ρ
12Be the mass coupling coefficient between fluid in unit volume and solid; θ represents the solid phase body strain,
U is the solid phase displacement vector, u
x, u
y, u
zBe respectively solid phase displacement vector u at the component of x, y and z direction; ε represents to flow the phase body strain,
U is stream phase shift vector, U
x, U
y, U
zExpression stream phase shift vector U is at the component of x, y and z direction respectively; B is dissipation factor,
η is the fluid viscous coefficient, and φ is factor of porosity, and k is permeability; T is the time.
Consider the plane simple harmonic wave of propagation in the x-direction
In formula, u is solid phase displacement, and U is stream phase shift, u
0And U
0Be respectively the initial value of u and U; K ' is the complex wave number, k '=k+i α; K is wave number, and α is attenuation coefficient; ω is the earthquake wave frequency; I is imaginary unit; X is the distance that ripple is propagated.
Simultaneous (1) formula and (2) formula can be derived
Wherein: H=P+R+2Q, P=λ+2 μ, ρ=ρ
11+ ρ
22+ 2 ρ
12
After seismic event had been propagated apart from x through regular hour t, its vibration displacement was:
This moment, the amplitude A (solid, flow phase net amplitude) of closing of seismic event was:
So two-phase media has attenuation to the plane wave energy.When one timing of wave propagation distance, in two-phase media, the decay of seismic amplitude is subjected to the impact of frequency of seismic wave ω and dissipation factor b simultaneously, and along with the increase of frequency of seismic wave, it is large that the earthquake wave attenuation becomes; Dissipation factor is larger, and the earthquake wave attenuation is also larger.And dissipation factor and factor of porosity, permeability are relevant with the fluid viscous coefficient.To a certain definite medium, seismic amplitude (or energy) is only relevant with frequency, increases with frequency to be the index law decay.Attenuation coefficient is approximate to be directly proportional to frequency.Be also, in two-phase media, its energy attenuation degree of the seismic event of different frequency composition is different, low-frequency component relative attenuation is little, radio-frequency component relative attenuation is large, compares (single-phase elastic medium is unattenuated in theory) with single-phase medium and shows as that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively.Under the prerequisite of all ignoring dielectric viscosity, can be according to two-phase or oil-gas possibility that the phenomenon judgement underground medium that the seismic event low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively whether occurs.When increasing, " low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weaken " phenomenon of seismic event is more obvious when wave propagation.Therefore, in, the oil and gas detection effect of offset distance Prestack Migration Data far away is better than nearly offset distance data.
The present invention is from present existing two-phase media model, by analyzing alternative at present at the two-phase media wave equation of optimum aspect the dynamic characteristic of describing seismic event, based on this wave equation, obtain having the fact that low-frequency component relative attenuation is little, radio-frequency component relative attenuation is large between the amplitude of seismic wave propagation and medium parameter and fluid properties and frequency of seismic wave, and then utilize the prestack low frequency signal to realize oil and gas detection, have reliable foundation and significant effect than prior art.
Claims (4)
1. the prestack low frequency signal recognition methods of a Complex Reservoir comprises:
(1) selected exploratory area, utilize artificial excitation's seismic event to obtain original seismic data;
(2) original seismic data is carried out denoising and migration processing flow process, obtain migration before stack image gather data and poststack seismic data altogether;
(3) obtain a layer file of zone of interest by the mode of the poststack seismic data joint of existing Yue kou and above-mentioned steps (2) in the exploratory area;
It is characterized in that the method is further comprising the steps of:
(4) select the Optimum Time Window of a layer file and determine zone of interest: select the other seismic trace of arbitrary seismic trace or arbitrary prospect pit, a complete cycle selecting seismic waveshape on the layer position of the zone of interest of this seismic trace as the time window width, and will this moment window as zone of interest;
(5) to the migration before stack in zone of interest altogether the image gather data carry out closely, in, the separation of offset distance data far away: according to the migration before stack offset distance size of data in the image gather data altogether, geological data in zone of interest is separated into nearly offset distance, middle offset distance and offset distance data far away, pass through again overlap-add procedure, and obtain nearly offset distance superposition of data, middle offset distance superposition of data and offset distance superposition of data far away; If the poststack seismic data, need not to carry out near, in, the separating step of offset distance data far away;
(6) seek the characteristic frequency section of oil gas sensitivity: by extracting known prospect pit other prestack, poststack seismic data, the data in the zone of interest scope are carried out spectrum analysis, ask for respectively the responsive optimum frequency section of oil gas of prestack, poststack seismic data;
Namely choosing the other seismic trace of at least two prospect pits analyzes, the frequency band scope that all seismic traces of analyzing are asked for is averaged again, with the mean value (H1, H2) of the mean value (L1, L2) of low-frequency range and the high band optimum frequency section as the oil gas sensitivity;
(7) extract in zone of interest that seismic event is low, high-frequency information: low-frequency range information and the high band information of extracting the oil gas sensitivity by frequency splitting technology; To arbitrary road earthquake data, carry out frequency division and process in the responsive optimum frequency segment limit of the oil gas of being determined by step (6), and utilize the maximal value of all frequency division results to represent the seismic wave energy that this seismic trace oil gas sensitive frequency section is interior;
(8) oil and gas detection: utilize the enhancing of low-frequency range energy, high band energy to weaken this feature detection oil gas and whether exist, namely check the low high band energy value of asking in step (7), if the low-frequency range energy value becomes large with respect to surrounding values in certain zone, and the high band energy value diminishes with respect to surrounding values, judge that this zone is the oil-gas bearing area, otherwise be oil-gas bearing area not;
(9) with known prospect pit contrast, analysis result: if the oil and gas detection result of middle offset distance oil and gas detection result or poststack data and known prospect pit contrast difference are larger, be that the oil-gas possibility testing result low frequency energy enhancing do not occur in high produce oil stream well area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, the oily situation that result and fixed well are described does not meet, and returns to the characteristic frequency section that step (6) is sought the oil gas sensitivity again; If result and known prospect pit contrast difference are less, be that the low frequency energy enhancing has appearred to the oil-gas possibility testing result in known oil well zone in the work area, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, and in known dry-well zone-if any-do not occur that low frequency energy strengthens, high-frequency energy weakens phenomenon, the result that oil and gas detection is described is consistent with actual conditions, execution in step (10);
(10) Output rusults: draw respectively low frequency, high-frequency energy curve or the plane isopleth in survey line or work area, seek the common ground that low frequency energy strengthens relatively, high-frequency energy weakens relatively, delineation hydrocarbon-bearing pool;
Wherein,
Above-mentioned steps (4) is selected the Optimum Time Window of a layer file, to be the top of oil reservoir or bottom window position when determining according to zone of interest position file, if top, window when in the time of, window was opened downwards from the time that layer position file begins, if oil reservoir bottom, window when in the time of, window was upwards opened from the time that layer position file begins, the time window width be the length of a complete cycle of seismic waveshape;
In above-mentioned steps (6), the concrete methods of realizing that the data in the zone of interest scope is carried out spectrum analysis is as follows:
1., select the other seismic trace A of known prospect pit from Prestack seismic data and poststack seismic data
i, wherein, i is the test Taoist monastic name;
2., choose frequency f between 1Hz to 100 Hz
j, wherein j is the frequency sequence number, with f
jCentered by frequency, adopt triangular filter to carry out filtering to the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk, wherein k is the sampling period; Or adopt wavelet transformation to carry out filtering to the zone of interest data of selected seismic trace, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk
3., ask for the maximal value D of filtering result
j
D
j=max|A
ijk| k=1,…,N
t
N wherein
tBe the sampling number in zone of interest;
4., j=j+1, iterative cycles 2., 3. two the step, until calculated all frequencies;
5., with f
jFor independent variable is drawn D
j(f
j) figure, obtain well lie result of spectrum analysis;
6., i=i+1, repeat 1. ~ 5., until calculated all tests roads;
7., respectively to all oilys and not the result of spectrum analysis in the test road of oily add up, obtain the oil gas sensitive features frequency range in whole piece survey line or whole work area, determine the mean value (L1, L2) of low-frequency range of oil gas sensitivity and the mean value (H1, H2) of high band;
In above-mentioned steps (7), the implementation method of low-frequency information of extracting each seismic trace by frequency splitting technology is as follows:
1., input seismic trace A
i, wherein i is the earthquake Taoist monastic name;
2., select centre frequency f
j, f wherein
jBelong to (L1, L2), j is its wave filter sequence number; Utilize triangular filter or wavelet transformation to carry out filtering to the input data, obtain filtering A as a result
ijk, wherein k is the sampling point sequence number;
3., ask for A
ijkMaximal value B
ij
B
ij=max|A
ijk| k=1,…,N
t
4., repeat 2. ~ 3., until calculated all low frequency filters;
5., ask for B
ijMaximal value D
iLow frequency energy information as this seismic trace;
D
i=max| B
ij | j=1,…,N
f
N wherein
fBe number of filter;
6., i=i+1, repeat 1. ~ 5., until calculated all each roads;
The high-frequency energy information of extracting each seismic trace by frequency splitting technology is to adopt identical method to extract, and namely only needs above-mentioned steps the interval (L1, L2) in 2. to change interval (H1, H2) into and gets final product.
2. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps (5), be with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth less than 1/6 offset distance as nearly offset distance, with the offset distance of ratio between 1/3 ~ 1/2 of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth as in offset distance, with the ratio of offset distance size and the zone of interest degree of depth greater than 2/3 offset distance as offset distance far away.
3. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned data in the zone of interest scope being carried out spectrum analysis, and number of filter used is between 100 ~ 400.
4. recognition methods as claimed in claim 1, after it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps (7) is extracted low, the high-frequency information of each seismic trace, low, high-frequency energy value are done standardization, be about to data and unify normalizing to same scope, described same scope is 0 to 100 interval.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010610767 CN102147478B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010610767 CN102147478B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102147478A CN102147478A (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| CN102147478B true CN102147478B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
Family
ID=44421844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010610767 Expired - Fee Related CN102147478B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102147478B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111045079A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-21 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Data processing method for enhancing seismic reflection characteristics |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102788994B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2015-01-21 | 恒泰艾普石油天然气技术服务股份有限公司 | Reservoir fracture determining method |
| CN102866421B (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2015-08-26 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Identify the scattering wave Prestack Imaging method of little turn-off breakpoint |
| CN103197347B (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-09-30 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A kind of absorption analysis oil gas forecasting method based on window during self-adaptation |
| CN103499834B (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2016-08-17 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The method and apparatus recovering analog detector geological data low frequency signal |
| CN105277984B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2018-02-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of time-lapse seismic mutually constrains frequency invariance processing method |
| CN104330824A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2015-02-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil layer identification method by utilizing energy relative change rate |
| CN104614762B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Loose sandstone gas reservoir boundary determining method and device |
| CN105866832B (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2018-02-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying low-order fault of deep tight sandstone gas reservoir |
| CN106814394B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector |
| CN106896404B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir identification method and device |
| CN106371139B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2019-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method and device using interval amplitude attribute identification lithological pool |
| CN106324675B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2018-09-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of broad-band teleseismic wave impedance low-frequency information prediction technique and system |
| CN107703544B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-06-04 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Change oil gas forecasting method with offset distance based on the indication using prestack seismic amplitude of geostatistics |
| CN108387929B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Decoupling method for improving seismic attribute fidelity |
| CN110389381B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Sand reservoir prediction method and device based on seismic attributes |
| CN110133718B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-12-01 | 中南大学 | Attenuation anisotropic fluid elastic impedance inversion method |
| CN112835096B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Gas layer identification method and device |
| CN114428297A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Depth domain wave number attribute extraction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6219621B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2001-04-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Co. | Sparse hyperbolic inversion of seismic data |
| CN101329405A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simple method of multi-parameter seismic inversion |
-
2010
- 2010-12-29 CN CN 201010610767 patent/CN102147478B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6219621B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2001-04-17 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Co. | Sparse hyperbolic inversion of seismic data |
| CN101329405A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simple method of multi-parameter seismic inversion |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨双安等.双相介质中地震波能量提取方法研究.《河南理工大学学报( 自然科学版)》.2010,第29卷(第2期),180-183. * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111045079A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-21 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Data processing method for enhancing seismic reflection characteristics |
| CN111045079B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-30 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Data processing method for enhancing seismic reflection characteristics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102147478A (en) | 2011-08-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102147478B (en) | Pre-stack low frequency signal recognition method of complex oil pool | |
| CN109425896A (en) | Dolomite oil and gas reservoir distribution prediction method and device | |
| CN106597544B (en) | Method and device for predicting brittleness of compact oil and gas reservoir | |
| CN101446645B (en) | Method for determining fluid by using seismic fluid impedance | |
| Naseer et al. | Characterization of shallow-marine reservoirs of Lower Eocene carbonates, Pakistan: Continuous wavelet transforms-based spectral decomposition | |
| CN102109611B (en) | Method for predicting high-quality petroleum reservoir in virtue of seism attributes | |
| CN105572727A (en) | Reservoir fluid identification method based on pore fluid parameter frequency dependence inversion | |
| CN111399056B (en) | Method for predicting crack strength based on divided azimuth filtering | |
| CN101551466A (en) | Method for improving prediction precision of oil and gas reservoir by using seismic attribute related to offset distance | |
| CN108957526B (en) | The method for obtaining crack fused data body | |
| Naseer et al. | Porosity prediction of lower cretaceous unconventional resource play, south Indus Basin, Pakistan, using the seismic spectral decomposition technique | |
| CN105044780A (en) | Intersection determination method of sensitive reference frequency in AVO frequency dispersion parameter inversion depending on frequency | |
| CN103163553A (en) | Earthquake hydrocarbon detection method and device based on multiple pore medium model | |
| CN103643949A (en) | Quantitatively forecasting method and device for oil-gas possibility of reservoirs | |
| CN101738637A (en) | Velocity change along with frequency information-based oil-gas detection method | |
| CN102096098A (en) | Seismic attribute extracting method | |
| CN102253414A (en) | Reservoir detecting method based on analysis of earthquake lines | |
| CN103076630A (en) | Hydrocarbon detection method based on elastic impedance gradient | |
| Bahmani et al. | Detection of stratigraphic traps in the Asmari Formation using seismic attributes, petrophysical logs, and geological data in an oil field in the Zagros basin, Iran | |
| CN104820237B (en) | The method for calculating the differential body on stratum | |
| CN111090117B (en) | Effective reservoir prediction method and system under phase control forward constraint | |
| CN108107482B (en) | Hydrocarbon source rock multiparameter prediction method and system under a kind of condition of less wells | |
| CN104345347B (en) | A kind of log restoration methods for compacted gas-bearing sandstone reservoir prediction | |
| Wilson et al. | Pre-and post-injection vertical seismic profiling over the Southwest Regional Partnership’s Phase II Fruitland Coal CO2 pilot | |
| CN109991661A (en) | Gas-oil detecting method and device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130626 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |