CN106814394B - Station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of station formula wave detector of present invention offer combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector and include：Step 1, work area is divided into the small patches of uniform sizes by the position to be set up an office according to cloth, and seeks the frequency response function of conventional wave detector；Step 2, within the scope of each small patches, the frequency spectrum ratio curve recorded according to conventional wave detector seeks minimum effective frequency；Step 3, according to minimum effective frequency the frequency response function of conventional wave detector is blocked and inverted, obtains the low frequency restoration function of each wave detector point position；Step 4, restore the low-frequency information of each prestack records with low frequency restoration function；Step 5, seismic profile is built according to conventional process flow.The station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector and not only avoids the artificial human intervention factor selected when single track seeks low frequency restoration curve, and under the stronger environment of noise still effectively, calculating process is more stablized, result is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil field development technical field, especially relates to a kind of station formula wave detector and conventional wave detector joins
Close low frequency restoration method.
Background technology
The acquisition of common seismic data restores low frequency for increasing using the moving-coil seismic detector that natural frequency is 10Hz
Seismic data bandwidth and raising seismic imaging resolution ratio are most important.In practical field earthquake data acquisition, it is less than the ground of 10Hz
Shake signal is distorted and is not used to seismic data process.Theoretically, the theoretical frequency response curve of wave detector may be used to correct
The distortion of low frequency, but the circuit system of wave detector produced in low-frequency range it is considerable from noise, if not to useful signal frequency range
It is recognized, then will amplify from noise while correcting LOW FREQUENCY DISTORTION, leads to the reduction of seismic signal signal-to-noise ratio, therefore
Only being only in signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high and meets the requirements the distortion of frequency range low frequency signal can restore.From noise it is horizontal according to
Lai Yu acquires the physical parameter, such as temperature, interference of electromagnetic field source etc. of environment.Signal-to-noise ratio then depends primarily on wave detector and focus
Distance, the type of geophone coupling situation and focus and intensity etc..Since above-mentioned influence factor and LOW FREQUENCY DISTORTION degree do not have
There is quantitative relationship, it is therefore desirable to which a kind of method efficiently analyzes effective low-frequency component of seismic data, restores quilt to the maximum extent
The low frequency signal of distortion.
The power for recording high and low frequency seismic detector is proposed in the patent application application No. is CN201310424949.X
The ratio of spectrum density is as conventional wave detector low frequency recovery curve.The method is limited by low frequency instrument quantity, can not be extensive
Carry out to high-density.Since the comparison of conventional wave detector and low-frequency detector must be carried out in each collection point, increase
A large amount of low-frequency detectors are also needed to while field work amount, increase the cost of field acquisition and indoor processing.The method point
Not Ji Suan single track routine detector data low frequency restoration curve, the recovery curve in the roads Bing Jiangge is averagely sought final normal
The low frequency restoration curve of detector data is advised, this way is not sufficiently stable the problems such as not high with precision in the presence of calculating, selectively
It is heavier by the factor of human intervention to shake road aspect, is unfavorable for Experience of the low frequency restoration method when different regions are applied.It is logical
Comparison high and low frequency seismic data is crossed to determine the frequency range that can be resumed, however since the limitation of low frequency instrument quantity can not
It realizes highdensity effective band assessment, causes the low frequency of some stations to be unable to get and be thus capable of sufficiently recovering, there is an urgent need for one kind can be to open country
Outer gathered data carries out the antihunt means of high density effective band assessment.In addition, the frequency spectrum ratio that conventional method uses is as low
The way of frequency reconstruction requires further improvement the meter of low frequency restoration function there is also the low problem of stability deficiency and precision
Calculation method.We have invented a kind of new station formula wave detectors thus combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, solves
The above technical problem.
Invention content
It can carry out high density assessment to full work area the object of the present invention is to provide one kind and restore conventional wave detector low frequency
Method, a large amount of point-to-point comparison of high and low frequency wave detector need not be carried out, need not artificially judge and screen low frequency restoration song
Line can realize the expansion of full work area routine wave detector frequency band in the case where increasing a small amount of workload.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures：Station formula wave detector combines low frequency with conventional wave detector
Restoration methods, the station formula wave detector combine low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector and include：Step 1, the position to be set up an office according to cloth
The small patches that work area is divided into uniform sizes are set, and seek the frequency response function of conventional wave detector；Step 2, at each
Within the scope of small patches, the frequency spectrum ratio curve recorded according to conventional wave detector seeks minimum effective frequency；Step 3, according to minimum
Effective frequency blocks the frequency response function of conventional wave detector and inverted, and the low frequency restoration letter of each wave detector point position is obtained
Number；Step 4, restore the low-frequency information of each prestack records with low frequency restoration function；Step 5, according to conventional process flow structure
Build seismic profile.
The purpose of the present invention can be also achieved by the following technical measures：
In step 1, with the station formula low-frequency detector of point-to-point acquisition in single binning range and conventional wave detector number
According to, by multiple tracks simultaneously deconvolution seek wave detector frequency response function.
Step 1 includes：
(a) the low-frequency detector record at multiple typical geophone stations is combined into inversion matrix, specific mathematical expression
Formula is as follows：
(formula 1)
In formula：S is inversion matrix, S1=(s11 s12 ... s1n), S2=(s21 s22 ... s2n), Sm=(sm1
Sm2 ... smn), the seismic data that the respectively the 1st, the 2nd and m-th of low-frequency acoustic instrument receive；
(b) correspond to the data vector that formula 1 builds conventional wave detector, specific formula is as follows：
D=(d11 d12 ... d1n, d21 d22 ... d2n ..., dm1 dm2 ... dmn)T(formula 2)
In formula：D1=(d11 d12 ... d1n), d2=(d21 d22 ... d2n), dm=(dm1 dm2 ...
dmn)
Respectively represent the earthquake record of routine wave detector at selected typical geophone station；
(c) method for using multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously calculates the frequency response function of conventional wave detector, specific mathematical expression
Formula is as follows：
(formula 3)
In formula：φ is the frequency response function of conventional wave detector；S is that low-frequency acoustic instrument connects at multiple typical geophone station positions
The inversion matrix of the seismic data composition received；D is the data vector of corresponding conventional detector seismic data composition.
Step 2 includes：
(a) by after the record extraction of the same big gun of the conventional wave detector in binning range, make the deconvolution transformation between arbitrary twice
Make ratio to frequency domain, or by the frequency spectrum of arbitrary twice, acquires frequency spectrum ratio；
(b) all frequency spectrum ratios are projected in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system, generates frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(c) it is superimposed, is averaged after all frequency spectrum ratios taking absolute value, and project in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system,
Generate superposition frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(d) according to the relationship of frequency spectrum ratio and unit 1 at each frequency, with the frequency of frequency spectrum ratio curve estimation divergence part
Rate value, and this frequency values is picked up on superposition frequency spectrum ratio curve, obtain the minimum effective frequency at a face element.
In step 3, the frequency response function of conventional wave detector is cut according to the minimum effective frequency acquired in step 2
It is disconnected, only retain effective low frequency part；The inverse for blocking rear frequency response function is low frequency restoration function.
In step 4, the frequency response function of fitting is removed by deconvolution from conventional detector data.
In steps of 5, the conventional detector seismic data after low frequency restoration is handled, obtains the ground after low frequency is expanded
Shake data.
The present invention is calculated at each detector position most using the way for the frequency spectrum that mutually compares between conventional wave detector
Low effective frequency realizes that high density estimates minimum effective frequency.The station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration with conventional wave detector
Method includes calculating conventional wave detector from Frequency spectrum ratio using neighboring track, is determined by the deviation of Frequency spectrum ratio and given value minimum effective
Frequency；By calculating minimum effective frequency at each geophone station, highdensity minimum effective frequency distribution in three-dimensional work area is obtained.
Using multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously, that is, multiple seismic channel datas are used in combination, while solving low frequency restoration curve.This way can be with
The minimum effective frequency of conventional wave detector is obtained at each geophone station, to realize the highdensity effective low frequency estimation in full work area.
For the unstable problem of single track estimation low frequency restoration curve, it is bent that low frequency restoration is calculated using the method for multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously
Line utilizes minimum using the conventional wave detector of multiple point-to-point comparisons and low-frequency detector seismic data as the input of deconvolution
The two inversion method routine wave detector low frequency recovery curves multiplied.The way of this inverting, which not only avoids, artificially selects single track low frequency
Human intervention factor when recovery curve, and under the stronger environment of noise still effectively, calculating process more stabilization, result
It is more accurate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the station formula wave detector of the present invention combines a specific embodiment of low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 records for conventional wave detector (dotted line) in the specific embodiment of the present invention with low-frequency detector (solid line) well big gun
Amplitude spectrum comparison schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 be the present invention a specific embodiment in conventional wave detector field seismogram frequency spectrum ratio schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the low frequency restoration function that the work areas western part of China MC1 are sought；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of section effect before and after the low frequency restoration of the work areas western part of China MC1；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of target zone spectral contrast before and after the low frequency restoration of the work areas western part of China MC1.
Specific implementation mode
For enable the present invention above and other objects, features and advantages be clearer and more comprehensible, it is cited below particularly go out preferable implementation
Example, and coordinate shown in attached drawing, it is described in detail below.
Low frequency plays an important roll for widening seismic data frequency bandwidth and improving resolution ratio.Low-frequency acoustic signal makes
With for promoted seismic data quality be vital, under the premise of absolute bandwidth is identical, the seismic wave containing low frequency signal
With broader opposite bandwidth, acquisition low frequency seismic data becomes apparent from effect for improving resolution ratio and improving inversion result to have
Fruit.Station formula low-frequency detector in the present invention combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, passes through the highdensity point in field
A conventional wave detector is acquired with low-frequency detector data, the earthquake using the station formula low-frequency detector of latticed laying is remembered
Record restores the low-frequency information in routine 10Hz wave detectors record, widens seismic data frequency band, improve the resolution ratio of seismic imaging,
With higher scientific research and practical value.The practice processes of the present invention are to select typical geophone station position in the wild, are carried out conventional
Wave detector and station formula low-frequency detector it is point-to-point combine lay and acquire acquisition corresponding data.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is the station formula wave detectors of the present invention to combine low frequency with routine wave detector for specific implementation steps
The flow chart of restoration methods.
In step 101, work area will be divided into the small patches of uniform sizes by the position to be set up an office according to cloth.With single face element model
The station formula low-frequency detector of interior point-to-point acquisition and conventional detector data are enclosed, wave detector is sought by multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously
Frequency response function.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that conventional wave detector (dotted line) records amplitude spectrum comparison with low-frequency detector (solid line) well big gun；From
In figure from the point of view of the comparison of two curves, since the LOW FREQUENCY DISTORTION of conventional wave detector causes the amplitude spectrum of two kinds of wave detectors in 10Hz
The difference of following low frequency part.
(1) the low-frequency detector record at multiple typical geophone stations is combined into inversion matrix, specific mathematical expression
Formula is as follows：
(formula 1)
In formula：S is inversion matrix, S1=(s11 s12 ... s1n), S2=(s21 s22 ... s2n) Sm=(sm1
Sm2 ... smn), be respectively the 1st, the 2nd and the seismic data that receives of m-th of low-frequency acoustic instrument；
(2) correspond to the data vector that formula 1 builds conventional wave detector, specific formula is as follows：
D=(d11 d12 ... d1n, d21 d22 ... d2n ..., dm1 dm2 ... dmn)T(formula 2)
In formula：D1=(d11 d12 ... d1n), d2=(d21 d22 ... d2n), dm=(dm1 dm2 ...
dmn)
Respectively represent the earthquake record of routine wave detector at selected typical geophone station.
(3) method for using multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously calculates the frequency response function of conventional wave detector, specific mathematical expression
Formula is as follows：
(formula 3)
In formula：φ is the frequency response function of conventional wave detector；S is that low-frequency acoustic instrument connects at multiple typical geophone station positions
The inversion matrix of the seismic data composition received；D is the data vector of corresponding conventional detector seismic data composition.
In step 102, within the scope of each small patches, the frequency spectrum ratio curve recorded according to conventional wave detector is sought most
Low effective frequency.
(1) by after the record extraction of the same big gun of the conventional wave detector in binning range, make the deconvolution transformation between arbitrary twice
Make ratio to frequency domain, or by the frequency spectrum of arbitrary twice, acquires frequency spectrum ratio；
(2) all frequency spectrum ratios are projected in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system, generates frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(3) it is superimposed, is averaged after all frequency spectrum ratios taking absolute value, and project in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system,
Generate superposition frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(4) according to the relationship of frequency spectrum ratio and unit 1 at each frequency, with the frequency of frequency spectrum ratio curve estimation divergence part
Rate value, and this frequency values is picked up on superposition frequency spectrum ratio curve, obtain the minimum effective frequency at a face element；
Fig. 3 be the present invention a specific embodiment in conventional wave detector field seismogram frequency spectrum ratio schematic diagram.From
The departure degree of figure intermediate frequency Spectrum ratio curve and unit 1 is analyzed, and minimum effective frequency value starts significantly corresponding to Frequency spectrum ratio
The position of diverging.Minimum effective low frequency value is 4Hz in the present embodiment.
In step 103, the low frequency restoration function of each wave detector point position is worth to according to minimum effective frequency.According to step
The minimum effective frequency acquired in 102 blocks the frequency response function of conventional wave detector, only retains effective low frequency part；It blocks
The inverse of frequency response function is low frequency restoration function afterwards.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the low frequency restoration function that the work areas western part of China MC1 are sought；It can be with from reconstruction form in figure
It is clearly visible the truncation effect of minimum effective frequency.Since minimum effective frequency, with the raising of frequency, low frequency restoration function
Respective value gradually decrease near normal value 1.
In step 104, restore the low frequency of each prestack records with low frequency restoration function.The frequency response function of fitting is passed through
Deconvolution is removed from conventional detector data.
In step 105, seismic profile is built according to conventional process flow.To the conventional wave detector earthquake number after low frequency restoration
According to being handled, the seismic profile after low frequency is expanded is obtained.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the section effect before and after the low frequency restoration of the work areas western part of China MC1.From the figure, it can be seen that through
After crossing low frequency restoration, the lineups continuity of seismic data has a degree of reinforcement.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the target zone spectral contrast before and after the low frequency restoration of the work areas western part of China MC1, and dotted line is low in figure
Frequency spectrum before frequency restores, solid line are the when window frequency spectrum after low frequency restoration.The frequency band of seismic data can be significantly seen by comparison
Low frequency end (15Hz or less) have it is larger widen, while front end frequency band is consistent substantially, has reached low frequency end compensating
Effect.
The present invention is to calculate low frequency restoration curve using multiple tracks while deconvolution technology, using other skills such as frequency spectrum ratio method
Art can also realize same purpose.With it is existing processing complicated earth surface data technology compared with, this method mainly have 2 points it is excellent
Gesture：
(1) station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector using comparison frequency spectrum between conventional wave detector
Way calculates the minimum effective frequency at each detector position.This way can obtain conventional inspection at each geophone station
The minimum effective frequency of wave device, to realize the highdensity effective low frequency estimation in full work area.
(2) it is directed to the unstable problem of single track estimation low frequency restoration curve, is calculated using the method for multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously
Low frequency restoration curve, using the conventional wave detector of multiple point-to-point comparisons and low-frequency detector seismic data as the defeated of deconvolution
Enter, utilizes the inversion method routine wave detector low frequency recovery curve of least square.The way of this inverting not only avoids artificially
Human intervention factor when single track low frequency restoration curve is selected, and under the stronger environment of noise still effectively, calculating process
More stabilization, result are more accurate.
Claims (7)
1. station formula wave detector combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that this method includes：
Step 1, work area is divided into the small patches of uniform sizes by the position to be set up an office according to cloth, and seeks the frequency of conventional wave detector
Receptance function；
Step 2, within the scope of each small patches, the frequency spectrum ratio curve recorded according to conventional wave detector seeks minimum effective frequency
Rate；
Step 3, according to minimum effective frequency the frequency response function of conventional wave detector is blocked and inverted, obtains each inspection
The low frequency restoration function of wave device point position；
Step 4, restore the low-frequency information of each prestack records with low frequency restoration function；
Step 5, seismic profile is built according to conventional process flow.
2. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
In step 1, same by multiple tracks with the station formula wave detector of point-to-point acquisition in single binning range and conventional detector data
When deconvolution seek wave detector frequency response function.
3. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
Step 1 includes：
(a) station formula wave detector record at multiple typical geophone stations is combined into inversion matrix, specific mathematic(al) representation
It is as follows：
In formula：S is inversion matrix, S1=(s11 s12 ... s1n), S2=(s21 s22 ... s2n), Sm=(sm1
Sm2 ... smn), the respectively the 1st, the 2nd and the seismic data that receives of m-th of station formula wave detector；
(b) correspond to the data vector that formula 1 builds conventional wave detector, specific formula is as follows：
D=(d11 d12 ... d1n, d21 d22 ... d2n, dm1 dm2 ... dmn) T (formula 2)
In formula：D1=(d11 d12 ... d1n), d2=(d21 d22 ... d2n), dm=(dm1 dm2 ... dmn) points
The earthquake record of routine wave detector at selected typical geophone station is not represented；
(c) method for using multiple tracks deconvolution simultaneously calculates the frequency response function of conventional wave detector, and specific mathematic(al) representation is such as
Under：
In formula：For the frequency response function of conventional wave detector；S is that station formula wave detector receives at multiple typical geophone station positions
The inversion matrix of the seismic data composition arrived；D is the data vector of corresponding conventional detector seismic data composition.
4. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
Step 2 includes：
(a) by after the record extraction of the same big gun of the conventional wave detector in binning range, make the deconvolution between arbitrary twice and transform to frequency
The frequency spectrum of arbitrary twice is made ratio, acquires frequency spectrum ratio by rate domain；
(b) all frequency spectrum ratios are projected in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system, generates frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(c) it is superimposed, is averaged after all frequency spectrum ratios taking absolute value, and project in " frequency-amplitude ratio " coordinate system, generate
It is superimposed frequency spectrum ratio curve；
(d) according to the relationship of frequency spectrum ratio and unit 1 at each frequency, with the frequency of frequency spectrum ratio curve estimation divergence part
Value, and this frequency values is picked up on superposition frequency spectrum ratio curve, obtain the minimum effective frequency at a face element.
5. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
In step 3, the frequency response function of conventional wave detector is blocked according to the minimum effective frequency acquired in step 2, only
Retain effective low frequency part；The inverse for blocking rear frequency response function is low frequency restoration function.
6. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
In step 4, the frequency response function of fitting is removed by deconvolution from conventional detector data.
7. station formula wave detector according to claim 1 combines low frequency restoration method with conventional wave detector, which is characterized in that
In steps of 5, the conventional detector seismic data after low frequency restoration is handled, obtains the seismic data after low frequency is expanded.
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| CN107741603A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Low-frequency detector combines method for correcting phase with conventional wave detector |
| CN113552616B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2024-03-15 | 江苏省地震局 | Method and system for compensating detector data |
| CN114609664B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Low-frequency signal compensation method and device for seismic data |
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