CN104502977A - Well-control amplitude-preservation high-resolution seismic data processing method - Google Patents
Well-control amplitude-preservation high-resolution seismic data processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well-control amplitude-preservation high-resolution seismic data processing method, which comprises the following steps of selecting seismic data of a target area; obtaining an optimized amplitude compensation gain margin; performing inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the target area to obtain an optimized layer Q body by utilizing the optimized amplitude compensation gain margin; performing inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation on the seismic data of the target area by utilizing the optimized amplitude compensation gain margin and the optimized layer Q body; performing inverse Q filtering phase compensation on the seismic data of the target area by utilizing the layer Q body and a layer velocity body of the target area; performing inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation on zero- wellhead spacing vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data by utilizing the optimized amplitude compensation gain margin and the optimized layer Q body; performing wave field separation on the VSP data subjected to inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, and obtaining the total energy of downgoing direct waves; performing inversion on the total energy of the downgoing direct waves to obtain an amplitude recovery factor; performing amplitude recovery on the target area subjected to inverse Q filtering amplitude and phase compensation by utilizing the amplitude recovery factor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Seismic Exploration Data Processing technical field, particularly a kind of well control protects panel height resolution seismic data processing method.
Background technology
The energy loss of seismic event includes transmission potential loss, spherical diffusion energy loss and the energy loss relevant with stratum quality factor q attenuation by absorption.Wherein, transmission potential loss and spherical diffusion energy loss and frequency irrelevant.The energy loss that Q attenuation by absorption causes is directly proportional to frequency, and the energy loss ratio low frequency of high frequency is more serious.Along with the progressively lifting to seismic prospecting accuracy requirement, the demand of seismic event amplitude reserving and High-resolution Processing is more and more urgent.
In raising resolution method, the layer Q mainly utilizing zero-offset VSP data to extract carries out inverse Q filtering to surface-seismic data.Utilizing the true Q value on stratum to carry out inverse Q filtering to seismic signal can the high-frequency information of seismic wave intentinonally, widens effective band, becomes, can improve seismic section resolution in theory when eliminating wavelet.
But due to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation seismic signal and the truncation error impact of hardware, very strong instability can be caused, for controlling the stability of inverse Q filtering, the inverse Q filtering penalty function that scholar's research gain controls, we claim the maximal value of inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation function to be gain limit.Under the prerequisite of certain gain limit constraint, the inverse Q filtering that gain controls can only recover a part and cause energy loss due to Q attenuation by absorption.This just causes under certain gain limit restraint condition, even if filter magnitude compensates the true Q value that Q value used is stratum, inverse Q filtering also not necessarily just can improve the resolution of seismic data.
The amplitude restoration aspect of seismic signal, mainly utilize the descending primary wave of zero-offset VSP data, add up the energy of its Whole frequency band, then carry out the exponential fitting relevant with the time, thus obtain the amplitude restoration factor, and for surface-seismic data true amplitude recovery.This amplitude restoration factor is transmission potential loss in fact, spherical diffusion energy loss, and a kind of comprehensive effect of the energy loss relevant with stratum quality factor q attenuation by absorption.
When we have carried out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to seismic event, if by the amplitude restoration factor of zero-offset VSP data full range signal retrieve, amplitude restoration is carried out to the seismic data after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, energy compensating will certainly be caused excessive, do not reach the object of seismic data relative amplitude preserved processing.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming because energy compensating does not excessively reach the object of seismic data relative amplitude preserved processing, the present invention proposes a kind of well control and protects panel height resolution seismic data processing method.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of well control and protect panel height resolution seismic data processing method, the method comprises:
Obtain the geological data of target area, from the geological data of target area, choose the representative data of target area;
According to the interval velocity body of the seismic data acquisition target area of described target area;
According to the interval velocity body of described target area, utilize the relation function between vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value, obtain the layer Q body of target area;
Under different amplitude compensation gains limit, the layer Q body of the interval velocity body of target area and target area is utilized to carry out the amplitude compensation gain limit after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation acquisition optimization to the representative data of described target area;
Ratio adjustment is carried out to the layer Q body of described target area, and utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, layer Q body after the interval velocity body of described target area and adjustment carries out second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to the representative data of described target area and obtains the layer Q body after optimizing;
Utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, the representative data of interval velocity body to the geological data/described target area of described target area of layer Q body after described optimization and described target area carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, obtain the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of target area;
Utilize the layer Q body of described target area and the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of the interval velocity body of described target area to target area to carry out inverse Q filtering phase compensation, the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase obtaining target area compensates geological data;
The limit of the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization and the layer Q body after optimizing is utilized to carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to zero-offset vertical seismic profile data;
Wave field separation is carried out to the zero-offset vertical seismic profile data after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation and obtains descending direct wave, utilize descending direct wave to obtain the gross energy of descending direct wave;
Gross energy according to described descending direct wave obtains the amplitude restoration factor;
Utilize the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase of amplitude restoration factor pair target area to compensate geological data and carry out amplitude restoration.
Preferably, the obtaining step of described relation function comprises:
Utilize the inversion of zero-offset vertical seismic profile data, obtain vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value;
With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value be independent variable, layer Q value for dependent variable, utilize least square fitting to go out relation function between vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value.
Preferably, the geological data of described target area is by obtaining the surface seismic data Noise Elimination of target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the interval velocity body of described target area is:
Utilize the geological data of target area described in CMP road set pair to carry out speed spectrum analysis, obtain the interval velocity body of target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the representative data of described target area is:
The multiple single big gun data or the common midpoint gather data that represent the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in target area are selected from the geological data of described target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the amplitude compensation gain limit after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
The resolution of seismic signal before and after contrast inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation; If the signal resolution after carrying out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation according to an amplitude compensation gain limit is not less than the signal resolution before inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, namely this amplitude compensation gain limit can be used as the amplitude compensation gain limit after optimization.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the layer Q body after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
Using time window intrinsic resolution the highest time corresponding layer Q body as the layer Q body after optimizing.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: the seismologic record after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation has higher resolution and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), the phase distortion because frequency dispersion causes can be eliminated preferably, the final seismologic record obtaining high-resolution relative amplitude reservation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention proposes a kind of well control guarantor panel height resolution seismic data processing method process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is the other original single big gun schematic diagram data of well of the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present embodiment utilizes original single big gun data of the Fig. 2 after the technical program process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of well control and protects panel height resolution seismic data processing method, as shown in Figure 1.The method comprises:
Step 101): the geological data obtaining target area, from the geological data of target area, choose the representative data of target area;
Step 102): according to the interval velocity body of the seismic data acquisition target area of described target area;
Step 103): according to the interval velocity body of described target area, utilize the relation function between vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value, obtain the layer Q body of target area;
Step 104): under different amplitude compensation gains limit, utilize the layer Q body of the interval velocity body of target area and target area to carry out the amplitude compensation gain limit after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation acquisition optimization to the representative data of described target area;
Step 105): ratio adjustment is carried out to the layer Q body of described target area, and utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, layer Q body after the interval velocity body of described target area and adjustment carries out second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to the representative data of described target area and obtains the layer Q body after optimizing;
Step 106): utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, the representative data of interval velocity body to the geological data/described target area of described target area of layer Q body after described optimization and described target area carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, obtain the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of target area;
Step 107): utilize the layer Q body of described target area and the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of the interval velocity body of described target area to target area to carry out inverse Q filtering phase compensation, the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase obtaining target area compensates geological data;
Step 108): utilize the limit of the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization and the layer Q body after optimizing to carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to zero-offset vertical seismic profile data;
Step 109): wave field separation is carried out to the zero-offset vertical seismic profile data after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation and obtains descending direct wave, utilize descending direct wave to obtain the gross energy of descending direct wave;
Step 110): the gross energy according to described descending direct wave obtains the amplitude restoration factor;
Step 111): utilize the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase of amplitude restoration factor pair target area to compensate geological data and carry out amplitude restoration.
Preferably, the obtaining step of described relation function comprises:
Utilize the inversion of zero-offset vertical seismic profile data, obtain vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value;
With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value be independent variable, layer Q value for dependent variable, utilize least square fitting to go out relation function between vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value.
Preferably, the geological data of described target area is by obtaining the surface seismic data Noise Elimination of target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the interval velocity body of described target area is:
Utilize the geological data of target area described in CMP road set pair to carry out speed spectrum analysis, obtain the interval velocity body of target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the representative data of described target area is:
The multiple single big gun data or the common midpoint gather data that represent the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in target area are selected from the geological data of described target area.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the amplitude compensation gain limit after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
The resolution of seismic signal before and after contrast inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation; If the signal resolution after carrying out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation according to an amplitude compensation gain limit is not less than the signal resolution before inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, namely this amplitude compensation gain limit can be used as the amplitude compensation gain limit after optimization.
Preferably, the acquisition methods of the layer Q body after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
Using time window intrinsic resolution the highest time corresponding layer Q body as the layer Q body after optimizing.
Be applied to certain mouthful of well based on technique scheme, verify the advantage place of the technical program.Embodiment flow process comprises:
Step 1): utilize the zero-offset VSP data inversion VSP interval velocity value of certain mouthful of well and stable layer Q value;
Step 2): by step 1) in VSP interval velocity value be set to independent variable, layer Q value is set to dependent variable, and utilizes the relation function between least square fitting VSP interval velocity value and layer Q value;
Step 3): the surface seismic data other to well carries out Noise Elimination, obtains the geological data of target area, and utilizes the geological data of set pair target area, CMP (common midpoint) road to carry out speed spectrum analysis, thus obtain interval velocity body;
Step 4): by step 2) VSP interval velocity value in the relation function that simulates, replace with by step 3) the interval velocity body that obtains, build layer Q body by relation function;
Step 5): in the geological data of target area, select multiple single big gun data Huo Gong CMP road collection data that can represent the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in this work area, these data are called the representative data of target area;
Step 6): different amplitude compensation gain limits is set.Under different amplitude compensation gains limit, utilize step 4) the layer Q body that builds and step 3) the interval velocity body that obtains, to step 5) representative data of target area that obtains carries out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation;
Step 7): window (window length is no more than 100 milliseconds, and comprises fundamental purpose layer) when selecting, the data after the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation obtain the step 6 in window time this are carried out Fourier transform and are obtained spectral amplitude.Then this spectral amplitude is utilized to calculate the resolution of seismic signal.The resolution of signal before and after contrast inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation; If the resolution after carrying out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation by an amplitude compensation gain limit is not less than the resolution before inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, gain limit is now the amplitude compensation gain limit after optimization;
Step 8): to step 4) the layer Q body that builds is multiplied by different scale-up factor k (k >=1), obtain different Q bodies, and utilize step 7) optimize after amplitude compensation gain limit and step 3) the interval velocity body that obtains, to step 5) representative data of target area that obtains carries out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation;
Step 9): Fourier transform is carried out to the data after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation and obtains spectral amplitude; And utilize this spectral amplitude, calculate the resolution of seismic signal; When resolution is in step 7) determined time window in the highest time corresponding layer Q body, be the layer Q body after optimization.
Step 10): utilize step 7) optimize after amplitude compensation gain limit and step 9) optimize after layer Q body, and step 3) the interval velocity body that obtains, the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data that inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation obtains target area is carried out to the geological data of target area or the representative data of target area;
Step 11): utilize step 4) the layer Q body that builds and step 3) the interval velocity body that obtains, to step 10) the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of acquisition target area that obtains carries out inverse Q filtering phase compensation, and the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase obtaining target area compensates geological data.
Step 12): utilize step 7) optimize after amplitude compensation gain limit and step 9) optimize after layer Q body, inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation is carried out to zero-offset VSP data;
Step 13): to through step 12) zero-offset vertical seismic profile data after the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation that obtains carries out wave field separation and obtains descending direct wave, calculate the gross energy of descending direct wave, according to spherical diffusion function, the gross energy of descending direct wave is utilized to obtain the amplitude restoration factor;
Spherical diffusion function can be expressed as: A=A
0t
-α
In formula, A is the gross energy of the descending direct wave in time t place, A
0for the gross energy of excitation wavelet, t is the travel-time, and α is the amplitude restoration factor.
Step 14): utilize step 13) the amplitude restoration factor that obtains, by spherical diffusion compensation function, geological data is compensated to the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase of the target area that step 11 obtains and carries out amplitude restoration.
Spherical diffusion compensation function can be expressed as: Y=t
α
In above formula, Y represents amplitude restoration value, and t is the travel-time.
As shown in Figure 2, be the other original single big gun schematic diagram data of well of the present embodiment.As seen from Figure 2, along with the increase of time, the amplitude of seismologic record is decayed gradually, and dominant frequency reduces gradually.As shown in Figure 3, for utilizing the schematic diagram of original single big gun data of the Fig. 2 after the technical program process.As seen from Figure 3, along with the increase of time, amplitude and the dominant frequency of seismologic record are recovered all gradually.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. well control protects a panel height resolution seismic data processing method, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Obtain the geological data of target area, from the geological data of target area, choose the representative data of target area;
According to the interval velocity body of the seismic data acquisition target area of described target area;
According to the interval velocity body of described target area, utilize the relation function between the interval velocity value of the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data acquisition of target area and layer Q value, obtain the layer Q body of target area;
Under different amplitude compensation gains limit, the layer Q body of the interval velocity body of target area and target area is utilized to carry out the amplitude compensation gain limit after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation acquisition optimization to the representative data of described target area;
Ratio adjustment is carried out to the layer Q body of described target area, and utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, layer Q body after the interval velocity body of described target area and adjustment carries out second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to the representative data of described target area and obtains the layer Q body after optimizing;
Utilize that the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization is limit, the representative data of interval velocity body to the geological data/described target area of described target area of layer Q body after described optimization and described target area carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, obtain the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of target area;
Utilize the layer Q body of described target area and the inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation geological data of the interval velocity body of described target area to target area to carry out inverse Q filtering phase compensation, the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase obtaining target area compensates geological data;
The limit of the amplitude compensation gain after described optimization and the layer Q body after optimizing is utilized to carry out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation to zero-offset vertical seismic profile data;
Wave field separation is carried out to the zero-offset vertical seismic profile data after inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation and obtains descending direct wave, utilize descending direct wave to obtain the gross energy of descending direct wave;
Gross energy according to described descending direct wave obtains the amplitude restoration factor;
Utilize the inverse Q filtering Amplitude & Phase of amplitude restoration factor pair target area to compensate geological data and carry out amplitude restoration.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the obtaining step of described relation function comprises:
Utilize the inversion of zero-offset vertical seismic profile data, obtain vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value;
With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value be independent variable, layer Q value for dependent variable, utilize least square fitting to go out relation function between vertical seismic profiling (VSP) interval velocity value and layer Q value.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the geological data of described target area is by obtaining the surface seismic data Noise Elimination of target area.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the acquisition methods of the interval velocity body of described target area is:
Utilize the geological data of target area described in CMP road set pair to carry out speed spectrum analysis, obtain the interval velocity body of target area.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the acquisition methods of the representative data of described target area is:
The multiple single big gun data or the common midpoint gather data that represent the different signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in target area are selected from the geological data of described target area.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the acquisition methods of the amplitude compensation gain limit after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after first time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
The resolution of seismic signal before and after contrast inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation; If the signal resolution after carrying out inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation according to an amplitude compensation gain limit is not less than the signal resolution before inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation, namely this amplitude compensation gain limit can be used as the amplitude compensation gain limit after optimization.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the acquisition methods of the layer Q body after described optimization comprises:
Window is for the moment set;
Pair time window in data after second time inverse Q filtering amplitude compensation carry out Fourier transform and obtain geological data spectral amplitude;
Utilize the spectral amplitude of geological data, according to the computing formula of seismic wavelet resolution, obtain the resolution of seismic signal;
Using time window intrinsic resolution the highest time corresponding layer Q body as the layer Q body after optimizing.
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