CN108957526B - The method for obtaining crack fused data body - Google Patents
The method for obtaining crack fused data body Download PDFInfo
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- CN108957526B CN108957526B CN201710348814.8A CN201710348814A CN108957526B CN 108957526 B CN108957526 B CN 108957526B CN 201710348814 A CN201710348814 A CN 201710348814A CN 108957526 B CN108957526 B CN 108957526B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/51—Migration
- G01V2210/514—Post-stack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
- G01V2210/646—Fractures
Abstract
Disclose a kind of method for obtaining crack fused data body.This method may include: to obtain poststack preference data body based on post-stack seismic data body；Grading linear reinforcement is carried out to the linearity crack in poststack preference data body, obtains poststack crack data；Pre-stack fracture is predicted based on earthquake data before superposition body；The pre-stack fracture of prediction and poststack preference data body and log data body are compared, obtain prestack preference data body, and then obtain pre-stack fracture data；Poststack crack data and pre-stack fracture data are normalized, crack fused data body is obtained.For the characterization in different scale crack, advantageous embodiment fusion is carried out, different attribute volume fusions is characterized as a comprehensive characterization body, the entire Fracture Systems in different scale crack are subjected to full size characterization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil gas technical field of physical geography, more particularly, to a kind of acquisition crack fused data body
Method.
Background technique
Crack controls the preservation of oil gas as the effective reservoir space in part of oil gas in reservoir and main seepage channel
And production capacity, advantageous Fractured Zone often imply the presence of oil gas high yield area, in tight sand and volcanic rock reservoir more
Have the judgement of " seamless not at hiding ", it can be seen that, Fracture System for oil gas in fracture-type reservoir enrichment and at hiding play to
Close important role.
Foreign countries begin to the detection that fractured hydrocarbon reservoir is carried out with seismic method early in the 1970s, successively experienced
Several developing stage such as shear wave exploration, multi-wave multicomponent exploration and longitudinal wave Crack Detection (Roberts A., First Break,
2001) rapid progress (Zheng Duoming, Oil Exploration in China, 2011), is especially achieved in terms of longitudinal wave earthquake Crack Detection.Separately
Outside, the methods of microseism and diffracted wave imaging are also external crack research direction new in recent years.The development of FRACTURE PREDICTION is often
Grow up on the development foundation of rock physics Research on Equivalent Model, it is external at present to be situated between to anisotropic medium, two-phase
The petrophysical model of matter and Two-phase Anisotropic Media has grown up.The description in crack can have different scales: (1)
Description for hundred meter level large scale cracks in Reservoir simulation, is based primarily upon analysis on tectonic stress field, in conjunction with geometric type poststack
Attribute (such as relevant, curvature attribute) is shaken to carry out；(2) tens meter level Small and Medium Sized desired for exploration phase crack, mainly
Carry out by prestack poststack earthquake geometric attribute or physics law: the relevant of post-stack seismic data, curvature, ant track or it spreads out
Raw technology can identify the fracture (being greater than 1/8 wavelength) of opposite large scale, but for the crack (1/100-1/8 of smaller scale
Wavelength) prediction, then it needs to be studied by earthquake data before superposition and corresponding method；(3) as the minimum ruler of foot grade
Degree fracture can only be described by (Zhang Yanling, Advances in Geophysics, 2005) by boring well-log information.For Small and Medium Sized
Crack detailed predicting is the research emphasis of any production and R&D institution at present.
In recent years, as the discovery and investment of domestic and international a large amount of fractured reservoirs are developed, for being split in fracture-type reservoir
It stitches parameter description and this key problem of Prediction of Fracture Distribution, researchers has carried out a large amount of research work, achieved larger
Progress, propose outcrop description Geologic method, laboratory core-analysis method, logging method and seismic prospecting side
Method etc., it is excellent that wherein method of seismic prospecting is relatively wide with exploration context with it, precision is relatively high, expense is relatively low
Point occupies an important position in Fracture System identification, fracture-type reservoir prediction and fine description.Currently used fracture-type reservoir
The relevant technologies (the Ekanem that prediction is mainly included Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology and grown up based on seismic aeolotropy with identification technology
A M,Geophysical Prospecting,2013).Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology such as amplitude attribute, coherent body technique, curvature body skill
Art etc., relatively easy, the practical advantage with its technology have played important work in the well site deployment at fracture-type reservoir exploration initial stage
With.
But this kind of technology be all indirectly infer Fracture System development belt distribution situation, can only qualitative forecasting crack it is opposite
Development degree and cannot predict fracture orientation and density.It is split using based on the relevant technologies that seismic aeolotropy grows up
The identification and description of seam system have achieved significant progress in over the past thirty years, and many technologies are suggested, for estimating
Fracture orientation and density, and good effect is achieved in practical applications.Seismic wave is utilized in anisotropy in this kind of technology
Speed and decaying have the characteristic of azimuthal anisotropy when Propagation, mainly vertical including shear wave splitting analytical technology, reflection
Wave-amplitude analyzes skill with geophone offset and azimuthal variation (AVOZ) with geophone offset variation (AVO) analytical technology, reflected P-wave amplitude
Art, AVO gradient Orientation differences analytical technology and longitudinal wave normal-moveout velocity with orientation mutation analysis technology, using this kind of skill
Art estimates that fracture development orientation and density, prediction result are directly related with the feature of Fracture System.
In conclusion crack identification especially Quantitative Recognition Technology, is still global problem, but to this in actual production
Class technology is but also extremely to crave for.Crack and tomography of the various earthquake poststack attributes to different scale different angle different curvature
Each advantageous characterization feature, but its technical method principle determines that it is only capable of carrying out road pitch level other crack identification and portrays；And
Pre-stack fracture prediction is carried out in prestack trace gather, and principle is that carry out crack using the differential response of same point different direction pre-
It surveys, each imaging point that is directed to that can be finer carries out FRACTURE PREDICTION (Wang steep an ancient unit of weight, petroleum exploration, 2014).Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensive
The Principle Method of prestack poststack, is carried out comprehensive characterization, to portray the crack of different scale different stage, and then is portrayed entire
Fracture Systems.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of methods for obtaining crack fused data body, are directed to the characterization in different scale crack, into
Different attribute volume fusions is characterized as a comprehensive characterization body by the fusion of row advantageous embodiment, by entirely splitting for different scale crack
Seam system carries out full size characterization.
The invention proposes a kind of methods for obtaining crack fused data body.The method may include: based on poststack
Data volume is shaken, poststack preference data body is obtained；Grading linear is carried out to the linearity crack in the poststack preference data body to add
By force, poststack crack data are obtained；Pre-stack fracture is predicted based on earthquake data before superposition body；By the pre-stack fracture of prediction and the poststack
Preference data body and log data body compare, and obtain prestack preference data body, and then obtain pre-stack fracture data；It will be described
Poststack crack data are normalized with the pre-stack fracture data, obtain crack fused data body.
Preferably, described to be based on post-stack seismic data body, obtaining poststack preference data body includes: based on post-stack seismic data
Body obtains frequency dividing data volume using the seismic data of frequency dividing sorting primary band；Seek the coherence properties of the frequency dividing data volume
And/or curvature attributes, as the poststack preference data body.
Preferably, carrying out grading linear reinforcement to the linearity crack in the preferred poststack data volume includes: for ruler
The very little linearity crack for 10-100m carries out 1-10 times of linear reinforcement；It is greater than the linearity crack of 100m for size, into
10 times of row or more of linear reinforcement.
Preferably, it predicts by the prediction of OVT trace gather, Depth Domain angle gathers or sector prediction technique is divided to predict pre-stack fracture.
Preferably, the log data body is full hole stratum micro-resisitivity image data volume.
Preferably, the pre-stack fracture of prediction and the poststack preference data body and log data body are compared, is obtained
Prestack preference data body includes: by the density attributes of the pre-stack fracture of prediction and development direction and poststack preference data body and well logging
The corresponding density attributes of data volume and development direction compare, by prestack corresponding to the identical prediction result of comparing result
Data volume is shaken as prestack preference data body.
Preferably, poststack crack data and the pre-stack fracture data are normalized, obtain crack and melts
Closing data volume includes: that poststack crack data and the pre-stack fracture data are carried out classification normalized, the poststack
Crack data assign first level parameter, and the pre-stack fracture data assign second level parameter.
Preferably, for the first level parameter in the range of 0.4-0.7, the second level parameter is 0.1-0.4's
In range.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) comprehensive analysis are carried out to different crack attributes, it can be with preferred pin to different rulers
The crack attribute volume of degree；(2) fracture system carries out comprehensive characterization, and entire fracture development system is characterized by merging；(3) lead to
Cross the choice of prospective area for exploration that fused Fracture Systems can directly be petroleum purpose reservoir, dessert prediction, development well deployment, horizontal well
The very valuable reference of the offers such as pressure break direction.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages are attached from what is be incorporated herein
It will be apparent in figure and subsequent specific embodiment, or will be in the attached drawing being incorporated herein and subsequent specific reality
It applies in mode and is stated in detail, the drawings and the detailed description together serve to explain specific principles of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is of the invention above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiment of the invention, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the step of method according to the present invention for obtaining crack fused data body.
Fig. 2 shows the signals in the mesoscale crack in poststack crack data according to embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 shows the signal in the large scale crack in poststack crack data according to embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of prestack preference data body according to embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of crack fused data body according to embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing preferred implementation side of the invention in attached drawing
Formula, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without that should be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.Phase
Instead, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention is more thorough and complete, and can be by the scope of the present invention completely
It is communicated to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the step of method according to the present invention for obtaining crack fused data body.
It is according to the present invention obtain crack fused data body method may include:
Step 101, it is based on post-stack seismic data body, obtains poststack preference data body；In one example, based on poststack
Data volume is shaken, obtaining poststack preference data body includes: to utilize the earthquake number of frequency dividing sorting primary band based on post-stack seismic data body
According to acquisition frequency dividing data volume；The coherence properties and/or curvature attributes for seeking frequency dividing data volume, as poststack preference data body.
Specifically, frequency analysis is carried out to poststack Data Data body first, and then the data of poststack Data Data body is pressed
It is filtered according to frequency frequency-division section, then chooses the characteristic spectra data of target geological body.For example, obtaining poststack earthquake number after frequency analysis
It is 8-80Hz according to the frequency range of body, dominant frequency 35Hz, the validity feature frequency range of target beading geologic body is in 25-33Hz, then by poststack
Seismic data cube is filtered with 28-37Hz, obtains the frequency dividing data volume of the frequency, judges that the frequency dividing data volume is effective, in turn
28-37Hz is sub-divided into 28-30Hz and 30-37Hz, the frequency range of Efficient Characterization beading target geological body is capable of until sub-electing
Until, as dividing data volume, wherein those skilled in the art can judge that the frequency dividing data volume is effective as the case may be,
And then the coherence properties and/or curvature attributes of frequency dividing data volume are sought, as poststack preference data body.
Step 102, grading linear reinforcement is carried out to the linearity crack in poststack preference data body, obtains poststack fracture number
According to；In one example, in preferred poststack data volume linearity crack carry out grading linear reinforcement include: for having a size of
The linearity crack of 10-100m, i.e. mesoscale crack carry out 1-10 times of linear reinforcement；It is greater than the straight line of 100m for size
Property crack, i.e. large scale crack, carry out 10 times or more of linear reinforcement.
Step 103, pre-stack fracture is predicted based on earthquake data before superposition body；In one example, predicted by OVT trace gather,
Depth Domain angle gathers are predicted or sector prediction technique are divided to predict pre-stack fracture.
Step 104, the pre-stack fracture of prediction and poststack preference data body and log data body are compared, obtains prestack
Preference data body, and then obtain pre-stack fracture data.In one example, log data body is that full hole stratum microresistivity is swept
Retouch imaging logging data volume.In one example, by the pre-stack fracture of prediction and poststack preference data body and log data body into
Row comparison, obtaining prestack preference data body includes: that the density attributes of the pre-stack fracture of prediction and development direction and poststack is preferred
Data volume and the corresponding density attributes of log data body and development direction compare, by the identical prediction result institute of comparing result
Corresponding earthquake data before superposition body is as prestack preference data body.
Step 105, poststack crack data and pre-stack fracture data are normalized, obtain crack fused data
Body.In one example, poststack crack data and pre-stack fracture data are normalized, obtain crack fused data body
It include: that poststack crack data and pre-stack fracture data are subjected to classification normalized, poststack crack data assign first level
Parameter, pre-stack fracture data assign second level parameter, and level parameters control in (0,1) range, and those skilled in the art can
To set level parameters as the case may be.In one example, first level parameter is in the range of 0.4-0.7, the second level
Other parameter is in the range of 0.1-0.4.
This method carries out comprehensive analysis to different crack attributes, can be right with preferred pin to the crack attribute volume of different scale
Fracture Systems carry out comprehensive characterization, and entire fracture development system is characterized by merging, can be straight by fused Fracture Systems
It is very valuable to be connected in the offers such as choice of prospective area for exploration, dessert prediction, development well deployment, the fractured horizontal well direction of petroleum purpose reservoir
The reference of value.
Using example
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.Ability
Field technique personnel should be understood that the example only for the purposes of understanding that the present invention, any detail are not intended in any way
The limitation present invention.
The main exploration target geological body in somewhere is a beading, but a beading develop yield and the close phase of fracture intensity
It closes, whether crack links up a different beading to form beading group or crack the oil gas leakage of bead interior and fall all direct shadow
The exploitation of reservoir is rung, it is opposite high-yield well that wherein example well, which is T1, T2, T3, T4, T1 and T2, and T3, T4 are opposite stripper well.
Fig. 2 shows the signals in the mesoscale crack in poststack crack data according to embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 shows the signal in the large scale crack in poststack crack data according to embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Frequency analysis is carried out to poststack Data Data body, the frequency range of post-stack seismic data body is 8-80Hz, after frequency analysis
Obtain dominant frequency be 35Hz, the validity feature frequency range of target beading geologic body in 25-33Hz, then by post-stack seismic data body with
28Hz-37Hz is filtered, and then 28-37Hz is sub-divided into 28-30Hz and 30-37Hz, obtains the frequency dividing data of the frequency
Body；The coherence properties and/or curvature attributes for seeking frequency dividing data volume, as poststack preference data body.To poststack preference data body
In linearity crack carry out grading linear reinforcement, in preferred poststack data volume linearity crack carry out grading linear reinforcement
It include: that 1-10 times of linear reinforcement is carried out, such as Fig. 2 institute for the linearity crack having a size of 10-100m, i.e. mesoscale crack
Show, the linearity crack of 100m, i.e. large scale crack are greater than for size, 10 times or more of linear reinforcement is carried out, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, obtains poststack crack data.
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of prestack preference data body according to embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of crack fused data body according to embodiment of the present invention.
Based on earthquake data before superposition body, is predicted by the prediction of OVT trace gather, Depth Domain angle gathers or divide sector prediction technique pre-
Survey pre-stack fracture.By the density attributes of the pre-stack fracture of prediction and development direction and poststack preference data body and log data body pair
The density attributes and development direction answered compare, wherein log data body is the survey of full hole stratum micro resistor
Well data volume, using earthquake data before superposition body corresponding to the identical prediction result of comparing result as prestack preference data body, such as
Shown in Fig. 4, it is shown that small scale crack.Poststack crack data and pre-stack fracture data are subjected to classification normalized, poststack
It is 0.6 that crack data, which assign first level parameter, and it is 0.3 that pre-stack fracture data, which assign second level parameter, obtains crack fusion
Data volume, as shown in Figure 5.
At the beginning of disposing well location, according to Fig. 4, it is found that small scale crack is developed in well position, will not destroy oil gas at
Hiding and the beading geologic body that oil can be linked up into.The large scale crack that Fig. 2 is shown has sketched out T1 and T2 in beading geologic body,
And T3 and T4, not in beading geologic body, Fig. 3 shows that T1 and T2 have linked up multiple beading geologic bodies by mesoscale crack, and
T3, T4 do not have.Fig. 5 shows the crack fused data body after merging by three, features entire fracture hole system.
In conclusion the beneficial effects of the present invention are comprehensive analysis is carried out to different crack attributes, it can be with preferred pin pair
The crack attribute volume of different scale, fracture system carry out comprehensive characterization, entire fracture development system are characterized by merging, and lead to
Cross the choice of prospective area for exploration that fused Fracture Systems can directly be petroleum purpose reservoir, dessert prediction, development well deployment, horizontal well
The very valuable reference of the offers such as pressure break direction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of embodiments of the present invention only for illustratively
The beneficial effect for illustrating embodiments of the present invention is not intended to for embodiments of the present invention to be limited to given any show
Example.
The embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is also not necessarily limited to disclosed each embodiment.It is right without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment
Many modifications and changes are obvious for those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for obtaining crack fused data body, comprising:
Based on post-stack seismic data body, poststack preference data body is obtained；
Grading linear reinforcement is carried out to the linearity crack in the poststack preference data body, obtains poststack crack data；
Pre-stack fracture is predicted based on earthquake data before superposition body；
The pre-stack fracture of prediction and the poststack preference data body and log data body are compared, prestack preference data is obtained
Body, and then obtain pre-stack fracture data；
Poststack crack data and the pre-stack fracture data are normalized, crack fused data body is obtained；
Wherein, described to be based on post-stack seismic data body, obtaining poststack preference data body includes:
Frequency dividing data volume is obtained using the seismic data of frequency dividing sorting primary band based on post-stack seismic data body；
The coherence properties and/or curvature attributes for seeking the frequency dividing data volume, as the poststack preference data body；
Wherein, the pre-stack fracture of prediction and the poststack preference data body and log data body are compared, it is excellent obtains prestack
The data volume is selected to include:
The density attributes of the pre-stack fracture of prediction and development direction and poststack preference data body and log data body is corresponding close
Degree attribute and development direction compare, using earthquake data before superposition body corresponding to the identical prediction result of comparing result as folded
Preceding preference data body.
2. the method according to claim 1 for obtaining crack fused data body, wherein in the preferred poststack data volume
Linearity crack carry out grading linear reinforcement include:
For the linearity crack having a size of 10-100m, 1-10 times of linear reinforcement is carried out；
It is greater than the linearity crack of 100m for size, carries out 10 times or more of linear reinforcement.
3. the method according to claim 1 for obtaining crack fused data body, wherein pass through the prediction of OVT trace gather, Depth Domain
Angle gathers are predicted or sector prediction technique are divided to predict pre-stack fracture.
4. the method according to claim 1 for obtaining crack fused data body, wherein the log data body is full hole
Stratum micro-resisitivity image data volume.
5. the method according to claim 1 for obtaining crack fused data body, wherein by poststack crack data and institute
It states pre-stack fracture data to be normalized, obtaining crack fused data body includes:
Poststack crack data and the pre-stack fracture data are subjected to classification normalized, poststack crack data are assigned
First level parameter is given, the pre-stack fracture data assign second level parameter.
6. the method according to claim 5 for obtaining crack fused data body, wherein the first level parameter is in 0.4-
In the range of 0.7, the second level parameter is in the range of 0.1-0.4.
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| CN110286410B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2020-06-09 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Fracture inversion method and device based on diffracted wave energy |
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