CN102147218B - Reverse hole distributing method used in longhole bench blasting - Google Patents
Reverse hole distributing method used in longhole bench blasting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reverse hole distributing method used in longhole bench blasting. In the reverse hole distributing method, the number of hole rows to be distributed in a blasting area, hole spacing and row spacing are determined in a conventional way, and then the holes are distributed by the following steps of: A, determining a minimum front-to-back spacing, B, distributing holes in the last row, C, distributing holes in other rows forwards in sequence, and D, adjusting the positions of holes in the frontmost row: adjusting the holes in the frontmost row in a fine adjustment way, a great adjustment way or a hole compensating way according to the orderliness condition of a bench crest line and the variation of a bench resistance line. The reverse hole distributing method can be used for realizing the orderliness of the blasted bench crest line; the distributed holes are distributed linearly so that the movement of a drilling machine and the aligning of drilled holes are facilitated and the drilling efficiency of the drilling machine is increased; and the reverse hole distributing method is beneficial to overcoming the defects of the traditional hole distributing method, is simple and feasible, can ensure a blasting effect, and is convenient to realize blasting operation standardization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the big gun hole method for arranging in a kind of bench blasting, be specially adapted to the Loose Blasting hole that variation of lithological does not reach under the mass mechanized operation situation very much in the bench blasting and arrange.
Background technology
Usually, when carrying out bench blasting, the layout of blast hole generally is that the bench crest from the step free face begins, and advances the cloth hole by row toward the rear portion of step surface, and promptly the cloth hole be the past cloth hole backward in proper order, can be called forward cloth hole.The advantage of such bore distribution method is to take into full account the step surface and the situation at the promptly sloping end, step bottom thereof, the demolition effect in artillery salvo hole before guaranteeing.The bench blasting parameter is seen Fig. 1, and common forward big gun hole arrangement order is seen Fig. 2.
But in the blast working process, because the influence that receives blasting vibration, lithology difference and machinery to dig dress, the bench crest of explosion backward step is often uneven.According to the rule in bore distribution method and cloth hole forward, often cause big gun hole line to present waveform, like Fig. 3; Such big gun hole method for arranging is unfavorable for realizing the explosion standardization; Also be unfavorable for the rig high-efficient homework,, be badly in need of this kind pattern is improved along with the raising of explosion mechanization level.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the reverse bore distribution method in a kind of deep hole step explosion, bench crest was neat after it can realize explosion; The cloth hole linearly distributes, and is beneficial to moving and the boring contraposition of rig, helps improving the drilling efficiency of rig; It overcomes the shortcoming of existing bore distribution method, and is simple, can guarantee demolition effect, is convenient to realize the bursting work standardization again.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the reverse bore distribution method in a kind of deep hole step explosion, confirm that according to routine number is arranged in the cloth hole in quick-fried district, pitch-row, array pitch, again according to following steps cloth hole:
A. confirm minimum front and back distance
Apart from being the minimum distance of last round to step bench crest, minimum front and back are apart from the product for cloth hole row's number and array pitch before and after minimum;
B. arrange last round
Find out the closest approach of arranging apart from the back in the step bench crest; Measure the end points of minimum front and back by closest approach backward along the direction of propulsion of working face apart from extension position; Drawing straight line through this end points and vertical advance of the face direction, is that spacing is arranged last round one by one with the pitch-row on this straight line;
C. arrange other each round successively forward
According to the position of the last round of arranging completion, and pitch-row, array pitch, press triangle or rectangular opening network arrangements form, arrange other each round successively, round before;
D. before the adjustment of round position
Change size according to burden, round before the adjustment is divided into fine setting, is in harmonious proportion perforations adding greatly; Fine setting is meant: indivedual holes are moved forward and backward; Or with indivedual holes move left and right, the big accent is meant: will adjacent two holes move relatively and closely make two pitch-rows from reducing, perforations adding is meant: perforations adding is carried out in round the place ahead before.
Said before the method for adjustment in artillery salvo hole be: the difference of the most front-seat burden in this position and the most front-seat design burden is in ± 0.2 times of design burden scope the most front-seat the time; The most preceding round is finely tuned; Indivedual holes are moved forward and backward; Or with indivedual holes move left and right, but mobile range should be controlled at ± 0.1 times of the most front-seat design burden scope in, even with the layout of round before guaranteeing.Said before the method for adjustment in artillery salvo hole be: the most front-seat local burden in this position is during greater than array pitch and less than pitch-row; With adjacent two holes move relatively closely make two pitch-rows from the reduction; The reduction metapore is apart from taking advantage of correction factor for initial pitch-row, and correction factor is the array pitch and the ratio of front-seat local burden.Said before the method for adjustment in artillery salvo hole be: the most front-seat partial bores burden in this position carries out perforations adding during greater than pitch-row and less than 2 times of array pitch, carries out perforations adding at 1/2nd places of this place ahead, two holes burden.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
The advantage and the good effect that adopt reverse cloth hole method to compare with forward cloth hole:
(1) simple, can improve the efficient in cloth hole, comparing with existing method need not other equipment of extra increase;
(2) can realize the neat of bench crest after the explosion;
(3) the cloth hole is even, is beneficial to the maximization that realizes that blasting energy utilizes, and improves demolition effect;
(4) be convenient to machinery and carry out standardized work;
(5) be convenient to machinery performance usefulness.
(6) in engineering reality, because the inhomogeneities of the irregular and front-seat burden of step bench crest, it is extremely important that the adjustment of preceding round position just shows, otherwise can influence the effect and the safety of explosion, obtained good solution in the present invention.
(7) patent of the present invention is to adopt a kind of and common opposite job order of cloth hole order, promptly arranges the big gun hole back to front, acts in a diametrically opposite way, and has obtained good effect.
(8) the foundation number of processes reduces 10% than original, and explosive specific charge on average reduces by 3%, and the rig operating efficiency improves 10%, and can reduce cloth hole personnel.
(9) after the method for the reverse cloth of employing hole, round begins the cloth hole from the back earlier, and first row's cloth hole is treated that front-seat burden carries out after clear again, does not so not only influence the efficient of boring, and has avoided front-seat blind cloth hole.Boulder yield after the explosion reduces by 0.9%; The smooth rate of step surface after the explosion brought up to 79% by 60% of the past; The standardized work time of rig has improved 20%, the more important thing is the waste and the potential safety hazard that adopt the method to avoid boring, saves the boring expense and reaches more than 5%.
(10) adopt reverse cloth hole method to replace forward cloth hole method, the cloth hole is straight line, and just local burden larger part has increased indivedual holes at the front row; For explosion next time provides convenience, simultaneously, boring is straight line like this; Reduce the amount of movement of rig, helped improving the utilization ratio of rig.The fine setting of round before a lot of following of situation need be carried out through statistics, is adopted the contrast of reverse cloth hole method and forward cloth hole, and the explosion forward gun hole of per tour arranges that time average reduces 22%; The standardized work time of rig has improved 18%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a prior art drill holes three-dimensional cutaway view;
Fig. 2 is a prior art big gun hole arrangement order floor map;
Fig. 3 is the waveform big gun hole line floor map behind the irregular bench crest cloth of the prior art hole;
Fig. 4 confirms the floor map of last round position for the present invention;
The floor map that Fig. 5 arranges each round successively for the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the floor map of the method for adjustment in artillery salvo hole before the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
As shown in the figure, figure hollow core arrow is represented advance of the face direction, and filled arrows is represented big gun hole arrangement order direction.
Drawing reference numeral is among Fig. 1: toe burden Wm, burden W, pitch-row a, array pitch b, ultra dark h
1, loaded length h
2, bank slope α, dip angle of hole β, stemming length h
0, shoulder height H, drilling depth h.
The most front-seat design burden: i.e. minimum burden is meant the beeline from the first round powder charge center of gravity to the scope of freedom.Be the W among Fig. 1.Generally, in normal bench blasting engineering, bank slope α generally gets 90 °.At this moment, minimum burden equates (W=Wm) with toe burden, and the computing formula of design burden is a lot, and according to relevant teaching material and our construction experience, general computing formula adopts W=(20～40) d, and d sweeps boring aperture before being.
The dentate line of Fig. 2 middle and upper part is represented free face and bench crest, and that round that is close to it is first round, promptly before round, nethermost that round is the 4th round, promptly last round.
The wave of Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 middle and upper part is represented irregular bench crest, and nethermost that round is the 4th round, promptly last round.
Drawing reference numeral is among Fig. 5, Fig. 6: burden W, front-seat No. 1 hole 1, front-seat No. 2 holes 2, front-seat No. 3 holes 3, front-seat No. 4 holes 4.
Solid circular hole is represented the perforations adding position among Fig. 6, the moving direction of thin arrow indication window displacement.
Existing the blasting scale of four rounds describes with tri-angle-holed network arrangements form, and rectangular cloth duct reason is the same, and its concrete embodiment is:
At first, be n according to the scale of explosion, cloth hole row's number that the hole array pitch is confirmed quick-fried district, with the blasting scale of four rounds, pitch-row is a; Array pitch is that b is an example, finds out in the step bench crest and arranges nearest point apart from the back, begins from closest approach; Measure minimum front and back backward apart from L along the direction of propulsion of working face, minimum front and back are apart from the product that is cloth hole row's number and array pitch, L=nb; In this example minimum before and after apart from L=4b, see shown in Figure 4ly, be the position of last round at the distance L place; According to this position, vertical advance of the face direction and pitch-row a require confirm last round in parallel cloth hole, as shown in Figure 4.
According to position, pitch-row a, the array pitch b of last round, adopt leg-of-mutton cloth well format arrange successively the 3rd round, second round, until first round promptly before round, as shown in Figure 5.
After four rounds arrange, will carry out position, hole adjustment according to geology, topographic features, mainly be before the adjustment of round position; In engineering reality; Because the inhomogeneities of irregular and the front-seat burden of step bench crest, before just apparent extremely important of the adjustment of round position, otherwise can influence the effect and the safety of explosion; The adjustment of preceding round is divided into fine setting, is in harmonious proportion perforations adding greatly; Generally be in harmonious proportion perforations adding greatly when the step bench crest is uneven, and the step bench crest is neat, burden changes and only need carry out the fine setting in indivedual holes when little at local burden larger part, before the method for adjustment in artillery salvo hole be:
When (1) difference of the most front-seat burden in this position and the most front-seat design burden is in ± 0.2 times of design burden scope the most front-seat; The most preceding round is finely tuned; Indivedual holes are moved forward and backward; Or with indivedual holes move left and right, but mobile range should be controlled at ± 0.1 times of the most front-seat design burden scope in, even with the layout of round before guaranteeing.
(2) if the most front-seat local burden W in this position during greater than array pitch b and less than pitch-row a is as shown in Figure 5, promptly during b＜W＜a, need will adjacent two holes move relatively and closely make two pitch-rows from reduction, reduction metapore distance is a '.According to blast hole network parameters design theory, reduction back, two holes apart from a ' computational methods is:
a’＝ab/W
In the formula, a ' is reduction metapore distance; A is initial pitch-row; B is an array pitch; W is the most front-seat local burden.
The calculating principle of following formula is: during the explosion of many rounds, pitch-row is a relevant parameter with array pitch.Under given aperture condition, all there are reasonably burden area S, i.e. a S=ab in each hole; Under the constant situation in aperture, if the demolition effect will guarantee initial design the time, then the burden area S in each hole also need remain unchanged; If it is big that array pitch b becomes, then corresponding pitch-row a need diminish.As shown in Figure 6, because of b＜W, then move by figure upward arrow direction in 1, No. 2 hole, makes 1, No. 2 pitch-row from being ab/W; For example, design hole pattern parameter a=6m, b=4m, during the local surplus 5m of front-seat burden, because of b＜5＜a, the burden area S=4 * 6=24m in every hole then
2, pitch-row need be adjusted into a '=24 ÷ 5=4.8m.
(3) if this position the most front-seat partial bores burden W during greater than pitch-row a and less than 2 times of array pitch b is as shown in Figure 5, promptly during a＜W＜2b, need carry out perforations adding, shown in Figure 6, if a＜W＜2b, 1/2nd places of burden carry out perforations adding in the place ahead, 3, No. 4 holes.
This method principle is: excessive if still adopt the burden Method for Area to calculate adjustment because of W, and certainly will cause adjusted pitch-row too small after the calculating, run counter to the basic theories of blasting parameter design, can not guarantee the effect of explosion through practice test.And carry out perforations adding in front, and can guarantee the effect of explosion, can not have influence on the safety of explosion yet.
Above-mentioned is the basic principle of position, hole adjustment, and the overall thought of position, hole adjustment is exactly to guarantee that the burden of preceding round is moderate, promptly will guarantee blasting quality, guarantees the safety of explosion again.
Embodiment 1:
Certain stone pit is that monthly average explosion cubic meter of stone amount reaches 600,000 m
3(solid yardage), the daily output 40,000 sides' (solid yardage) large-scale rock blasting engineering.The rock stratum is the biotite monzonitic granite in the exploiting field, and the f value is 11～14, and saturated compression strength is 70～150MPa.Complicated geological condition in the exploiting field, joint, crack, weathering ditch, crushed zone are all very grown, and crevice water is abundant.
This engineering has characteristics such as the bursting work scale is big, the explosion number of times is frequent, require the building stones specification of onepull moulding many, blasting quality is strict, bursting work face is narrow.
Rig is an Ingersoll-rand VHP750 down-the-hole drill; Shoulder height H=15.0m, upright opening, aperture Φ=140mm; To the ultra dark 0.3～1.5m of granite of f=11～14, pitch-row is 5m mostly, and array pitch is 4m mostly.
In real work, owing to explosion ROCK MASS JOINT, crack, weathering ditch, crushed zone are all very grown, it is uneven mostly that dress back bench crest is dug in explosion; Working face looks that integral body is relatively more chaotic; Use bore distribution method adjustment instead reverse cloth hole method, local burden adopts the method for adjusting pitch-row greater than 4m less than the 5m place at the front row, in the method for carrying out perforations adding greater than 5m less than the burden centre at 8m place; The effect and the safety of explosion have been guaranteed; Use several times through reverse cloth hole method, reversed the shortcoming that original bench crest is irregular, working face is chaotic basically, cloth hole efficient, drilling efficiency and demolition effect are greatly improved.Adopt reverse cloth hole to compare with conventional forward cloth hole, the foundation number of processes reduces 10% than original, and explosive specific charge on average reduces by 3%, and the rig operating efficiency improves 10%, and reduces cloth hole personnel 1 people.
Embodiment 2:
The important explosion earth and rock works in northeast that my company in 2009 contracts is divided into two bid sections.Wherein a bid section shot rock whole project is about 1,038 ten thousand m
3(side naturally), 590,000 m are peeled off in the earthwork
3(side naturally).The contract requirement duration is 250 calendar day, and need accomplish out fortune piece cubic meter of stone amount 4.14 ten thousand m average every day
3, the peak period will reach 80,000 m every day
3Two bid section cubic metre of earth and stone total amounts, 995.9352 ten thousand sides wherein dig table soil 49.7968 ten thousand sides clearly, the explosion cubic meter of stone 946.1384 ten thousand sides, and the duration is 213 days, and the construction period is tight, and task is heavy.
Aperture 140mm; Pitch-row 5～5.5m; Array pitch is 4～4.2m; Hole depth 15m, ultra dark 0.5～1.5m; Average quantity used in unit volume blasted 0.4kg/m
3
In real work, because engineering duty is heavier, the smooth rate of output and step surface requires high; In order to guarantee the linking of output, adopted the buffer blasting technology sometimes, promptly; Under the situation that the quick-fried quarrel in the place ahead, quick-fried district does not also clean out fully, promptly carry out detonating of quick-fried district next time,, influence has been caused in demolition effect and the cloth hole of next time though guaranteed the linking of output like this; Carry out the cloth hole under the unclear situation of front-seat burden of being everlasting during the cloth hole; The burden of just finding some hole during powder charge is too little, and the burden in some hole is excessive, causes the waste of boring.After adopting reverse cloth hole method, round begins the cloth hole from the back earlier, and first row's cloth hole is treated that front-seat burden is carrying out after clear, does not so not only influence the efficient of boring, and has avoided front-seat blind cloth hole.In this engineering, adopt the contrast of reverse cloth hole method and forward cloth hole, the boulder yield after the explosion reduces by 0.9%; The smooth rate of step surface after the explosion brought up to 79% by 60% of the past; The standardized work time of rig has improved 20%, the more important thing is the waste and the potential safety hazard that adopt the method to avoid boring, saves the boring expense and reaches more than 5%.
Embodiment 3:
The accurate Ge Er of the Shenhua that my company bears peels off engineering in the open and is in the Ordos Plateau northeast, eastern adjacent the Yellow River, and landform is the northwest height, the southeast is low.Loess, laterite are widely distributed on the basement rock, and ground vegetation is rare, the landform cutting and crushing, and coombe is darker, and the gradient is bigger, is easy to the drainage of water.
It is 1216.75 ten thousand m that the second phase is peeled off total amount
3, 245 days durations.Adopting stripping district rock is half hard-solid rock, and compression strength 8.14MPa～50.80MPa is generally greater than 9.81Mpa, most of greater than 19.61Mpa.Polodyakonov coefficient coefficient 1.93～5.90, the unit weight of rock are 2.4t/m
3
Adopt the rotary drill boring of diameter 250mm, the hole pattern parameter is 8 * 10m, main explosion shoulder height 15m, the ultra dark 2.5m in big gun hole.Explosion unit consumption 0.35kg/m
3
This engineering is owing to receive landform, geology and climatic effect, and in reality, the step bench crest after the explosion is often uneven; For next time explosion cloth hole and rig boring have brought difficulty; Because what this engineering adopted is large-scale rig, the irregular mobile difficulty of having brought that is arranged as rig of boring, the efficient of rig has received influence; Simultaneously because boring aperture is big; The hole pattern parameter of explosion is also big, and (array pitch * pitch-row is 8 * 10m), and the blasting vibration influence is also bigger, and the step bench crest after the explosion also can not be in good order.In order to overcome the defective of engineering construction, adopt reverse cloth hole method to replace forward cloth hole method, the cloth hole is straight line; Just local burden larger part has increased indivedual holes at the front row; For explosion next time provides convenience, simultaneously, boring is straight line like this; Reduce the amount of movement of rig, helped improving the utilization ratio of rig.Through the application of several separate explosions, reversed the irregular situation of bench crest after the explosion basically, the fine setting of round before a lot of following of situation need be carried out through statistics, is adopted the contrast of reverse cloth hole method and forward cloth hole, the explosion forward gun hole layout time average minimizing 22% of per tour; The standardized work time of rig has improved 18%.
Claims (1)
1. the reverse bore distribution method in the deep hole step explosion is confirmed cloth hole row's number in quick-fried district according to routine, pitch-row, and array pitch is characterized in that: again according to following steps cloth hole:
A. confirm minimum front and back distance
Apart from being the minimum distance of last round to step bench crest, minimum front and back are apart from the product for cloth hole row's number and array pitch before and after minimum;
B. arrange last round
Find out the closest approach of arranging apart from the back in the step bench crest; Measure the end points of minimum front and back by closest approach backward along the direction of propulsion of working face apart from extension position; Drawing straight line through this end points and vertical advance of the face direction, is that spacing is arranged last round one by one with the pitch-row on this straight line;
C. arrange other each round successively forward
According to the position of the last round of arranging completion, and pitch-row, array pitch, press triangle or rectangular opening network arrangements form, arrange other each round successively, round before;
D. before the adjustment of round position
Change size according to burden, round before the adjustment is divided into fine setting, is in harmonious proportion perforations adding greatly; Fine setting is meant: indivedual holes are moved forward and backward; Or with indivedual holes move left and right, the big accent is meant: will adjacent two holes move relatively and closely make two pitch-rows from reducing, perforations adding is meant: perforations adding is carried out in round the place ahead before;
Said before the method for adjustment of round be: the difference of the most front-seat burden in this position and the most front-seat design burden is in ± 0.2 times of design burden scope the most front-seat the time; The most preceding round is finely tuned; Indivedual holes are moved forward and backward; Or with indivedual holes move left and right; But mobile range should be controlled at ± 0.1 times of designs in the burden scope the most front-seat, and is even with the layout of round before guaranteeing;
Said before the method for adjustment of round be: the most front-seat local burden in this position is during greater than array pitch and less than pitch-row; With adjacent two holes move relatively closely make two pitch-rows from the reduction; The reduction metapore is apart from taking advantage of correction factor for initial pitch-row, and correction factor is the array pitch and the ratio of front-seat local burden;
Said before the method for adjustment of round be: the most front-seat partial bores burden in this position carries out perforations adding during greater than pitch-row and less than 2 times of array pitch, carries out perforations adding at 1/2nd places of this place ahead, two holes burden.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102926756B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-03-18 | 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 | Hard ore rock stripping technology and system of open-pit mine |
| CN107144191B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2018-07-24 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of step demolition of strip mines bore distribution method |
| CN110332862A (en) * | 2019-07-28 | 2019-10-15 | 保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司 | A kind of open coal mine bench blasting RTK bore distribution method |
| CN111780635B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-05-20 | 内蒙古蒙西矿业有限公司 | Stope to interface ramp blasting |
| CN112161533A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 四川中鼎爆破工程有限公司 | Step blasting hole distribution method |
| CN114427814B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-10-14 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic blast hole arrangement method and system and electronic equipment |
| CN115451764B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-08-22 | 河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司 | Surface blasting method |
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| JP3904540B2 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2007-04-11 | 青木あすなろ建設株式会社 | Reduction method of blasting vibration and blasting sound |
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| CN1375680A (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-10-23 | T&Rb株式会社 | Rock stepped blasting method of increasing blasting efficiency and reducing blasting damage |
| CN101140154A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2008-03-12 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Shock-absorbing blasting method used for bedding rock cutting excavation |
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