CN102141254A

CN102141254A - Solid fuel gasification and combustion device and boiler

Info

Publication number: CN102141254A
Application number: CN201110028986XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周开根
Original assignee: 周开根
Current assignee: Quzhou Yunrui Industrial Design Co Ltd
Priority date: 2011-01-18
Filing date: 2011-01-18
Publication date: 2011-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-18
Also published as: CN102141254B

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid fuel gasification and combustion device and a boiler, and relates to the combustion device. The combustion device and the boiler are characterized in that a gasification furnace is composed of the inner space of a vertical type revolved body furnace wall; an air duct is arranged above the gasification furnace; a charging opening and an air inlet are arranged on a side wall between the air duct and the gasification furnace; an ignition door is arranged at the lower part of the gasification furnace; an air chamber is arranged below the gasification furnace; the outlet of gasification objects is arranged from the middle section of the gasification furnace; a secondary combustion device comprises an air entraining channel, an annular air chamber d, an air hole b, a fire opening and a combustion stabilizing chamber, wherein the air inlet end of the air entraining channel is connected to the outlet of the gasification objects of the gasification furnace; the air outlet end of the air entraining channel is connected to the fire opening; the fire opening is connected to the combustion stabilizing chamber; the combustion stabilizing chamber is composed of the inner space of a combustion stabilizing ring; the furnace wall body at the fire opening section is provided with the annular air chamber d; the annular air chamber d is connected by a blast hole; and the annular air chamber d is communicated with the fire opening through the air hole b. In the invention, the solid fuel is subjected to gasification combustion, the combustion efficiency of the solid fuel is improved, clean combustion is realized, and the pollution to environment is reduced.

Description

Solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus and boiler

Technical field

The present invention relates to combustion apparatus, particularly relate to the combustion apparatus and the boiler that use solid fuel.

Background technology

Human available solid fuel comprises the living beings and the domestic waste of coal, agriculture and forestry organic waste material class, China is coal production big country, it also is the big producing country of house refuse, the biomass resource of China is very abundant simultaneously, there are a large amount of agricultural wastes, fuel wood woods, wood-curing waste available, only the agricultural wastes of stalk, husk and so on just have more than 700,000,000 ton every year, amount to more than 300,000,000 ton of standard coal.

In the energy resource structure of China, coal is first energy, mainly as boiler oil.In recent years; day by day exhausted along with the increasingly serious and fossil fuel of environmental protection situation; under national policy is helped; actively utilize biomass energy; adopt compression curing molding technology; living beings or organic house refuse are pressed into big fuel slug of density or granular fuel or moulded coal use, it is different, loose and density is little, transportation, storage and inconvenient problem with use to have overcome living beings or house refuse, has improved the service efficiency of biomass fuel or garbage fuel.But for a long time, the burning process of combustion apparatus is based on direct burning, and the ubiquity burning is insufficient, the thermal efficiency is low, the coal resources waste is serious, and very easily produces coal smoke and dust, contaminated environment.Coal smoke is generated by dehydrogenation, polymerization or the condensation of hydrocarbon fuel, and it is very difficult that coal smoke formation is in a single day burnt it again, so the combustion apparatus of the directly burning that uses solid fuel can cause the phenomenon of coal smoke and dust pollution atmospheric environment.

Current, China is just in friendly type of built environment and conservation-minded society, in order to realize target, the efficient that must improve fuel combustion is to reduce resource consumption, and realize that simultaneously clean burning is to reduce the pollution to environment, therefore, press for a kind of thermal efficiency height, combustion apparatus that environmental pollution is few provides heat energy, satisfy and produce and living needs.

Summary of the invention

The present invention will overcome the shortcoming that solid fuel directly burns and brought, and by the measure of carrying out second-time burning after the advanced promoting the circulation of qiization of solid fuel again being increased operation rate and reducing pollution, realizes energy-conservation and purpose clean burning.Described solid fuel comprises coal cinder, coke, biomass fuel piece, garbage fuel piece, biomass granule fuel, granulated garbage fuel, biomass coal and rubbish moulded coal.

A kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention, comprise gasification hearth and after burner, it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) is made of the interior space of vertical revolving body furnace wall, there is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), on the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-VI), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged, during the equipment operation, solid fuel and combustion air enter in the stove from charging/air inlet (129); Lighting door (120) is arranged at the bottom of gasification hearth (1-IV), in the below of gasification hearth (1-IV) air compartment (1-V) is arranged, between gasification hearth (1-IV) and the air compartment (1-V) grate (113) is arranged, air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the vapour outlet picks out from the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108).In this equipment, the furnace wall in air passageway (1-VI) is the extension of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall, furnace top cover (102) is arranged on the top of air passageway (1-VI), on the furnace top cover (102) of air passageway (1-VI) or furnace wall, wind hole a (103) is set, when wind hole a (103) is arranged on the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) distributes ringwise for the porous mode, the a of annular air compartment (106) is arranged in the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) is communicated to a of annular air compartment (106), and a of annular air compartment (106) has air-out interface a (130) to pick out.During concrete enforcement, the air feed system of combustion air is set outside stove, air-out interface a (130) is connected to the blower inlet of air feed system by airduct; When wind hole a (103) was arranged on the furnace top cover (102), wind hole a (103) was connected to the blower inlet of air feed system by universal joint assembly (104) and airduct (105).The slag coking of high-temperature area and furnace wall bonding when equipment moves, the furnace wall in the oxidation reaction zone of gasification hearth (1-IV) is designed to the furnace wall of water jacket mode, therefore, in this equipment, the vertical revolving body furnace wall of gasification hearth (1-IV) comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) is on water jacket (110), the skin of flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) is heat-insulation layer a (125), the skin of heat-insulation layer a (125) is shell a (126), the vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123), in the bottom of water jacket (110) lighting door (120) is arranged.

Another kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention, it is characterized in that with flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) in the alternative the said equipment of fire-resistant furnace wall (124), fire-resistant furnace wall (124) is a tubular construction, the b of annular air compartment (128) is arranged in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124), tube chamber (122) and the c of annular air compartment (121), the b of annular air compartment (128) is on top, the c of annular air compartment (121) is in the bottom, tube chamber (122) is communicated with between b of annular air compartment (128) and the c of annular air compartment (121), tube chamber (122) is distributed in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124) ringwise for the multitube mode, the b of annular air compartment (128) has air intake interface (127) to insert, and the c of annular air compartment (121) has air-out interface b (112) to pick out.When equipment uses, combustion air enters into the b of annular air compartment (128) from air intake interface (127), enter in the c of annular air compartment (121) by tube chamber (122) again, draw by air-out interface b (112) then, send in the gasification hearth (1-IV) and after burner in, when combustion air passes through the b of annular air compartment (128), tube chamber (122) and the c of annular air compartment (121), combustion air is subjected to preheating and in time removes the heat of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall, and it is overheated and fragile to prevent that furnace wall from occurring.

When using coal cinder, for enabling to slag tap smoothly, with the grate (113) in the alternative the said equipment of debris crasher (114) as fuel, debris crasher (114) is made up of rotating shaft and broken cutter, and wherein, broken cutter is the trident form, jaw is a pyramid structure, and a plurality of broken cuttves are arranged in every rotating shaft.

The 4th kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention, comprise gasification hearth and after burner, it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) is made of the interior space of horizontal revolving body furnace wall, there is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), there is air compartment (1-V) at the rear of gasification hearth (1-IV), there is lighting door (120) rear end of air compartment (1-V), the side of air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, the downside of air compartment (1-V) has slag-drip opening (132), has the vapour outlet to pick out in the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108).In this equipment, the horizontal revolving body furnace wall of gasification hearth (1-IV) comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), water jacket (110) be arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) and air compartment (1-V) furnace wall between, vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123); In the rear end of gasification hearth (1-IV) debris crasher (114) is arranged, debris crasher (114) is made up of rotating shaft and broken cutter, and wherein, broken cutter is the trident form, and jaw is a pyramid structure, and a plurality of broken cuttves are arranged in every rotating shaft.

The 5th kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention, it is characterized in that with air compartment (1-V) and lighting door (120) in alternative above-mentioned the 4th kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus of plasma torch (140), horizontal revolving body furnace wall comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), water jacket (110) is arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) afterwards, gas ions spray gun (140) is installed in the rear end of water jacket (110), downside at water jacket (110) rear portion has slag-drip opening (132), and the vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123).During the operation of this equipment, water vapour is heated to more than 4000 ℃ in plasma torch (140), make hydrone be decomposed into the activity chemistry thing of hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group, the gasifying agent utilization is done at the rear portion that sprays into gasification hearth (1-IV), and carrying out the chemical reaction generation with coke is the artificial fuel gas of main component with carbon monoxide and hydrogen.This equipment does not need to gasification hearth (1-IV) input air combustion-supporting in solid-fuelled gasification, makes the calorific value height of artificial fuel gas, significantly reduces the nitrogen content in the combustion apparatus simultaneously, therefore can effectively suppress the generation of nitrogen oxide, reduces and pollutes.

In the said equipment, adopt combustion air to enter in the stove from charging/air inlet (129), the wind hole a (103) that is provided with on furnace top cover (102) or furnace wall again introduces the design of air feed system, can make charging aperture form negative pressure, guarantee that vapour can not leak in the stove, simultaneously, can make combustion air obtain preheating.

During concrete enforcement, with wherein a kind of of above-mentioned five kinds of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus, be applied in the gasification fired boiler equipment, the burner of going into of boiler combustion burner hearth is connected with the stable burning room (1-I) of after burner, heated element or heat exchange elements are set in burner hearth, carry out heat energy producing steam in next life or the hot water that second-time burning produced with solid-fuelled gasification waste heat and vapour, offer production or live required, waste gas in the burner hearth is introduced chimney by air-introduced machine, enter atmosphere by chimney again, or the waste gas in the burner hearth is directly entered atmosphere by chimney.

During the said equipment operation, solid fuel is entered in the gasification hearth (1-IV) by charging/air inlet (129) and carries out gasification reaction, solid fuel is from top to bottom operation in gasification hearth (1-IV), carry out destructive distillation effusion fugitive constituent earlier, carry out the fuel gas of reduction reaction, gas making reaction generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen then, carry out oxidation reaction at last until burning; Simultaneously, in gasification hearth (1-IV), send into gasifying agent, gasifying agent comprises water vapour and combustion air, water vapour wherein enters in the gasification hearth (1-IV) by water vapour spout (111), or enter air compartment (1-V) by blast orifice a (115), again in grate (113) enters gasification hearth (1-IV), combustion air enters into the interior air passageway (1-VI) of stove by charging/air inlet (129), enter a of annular air compartment (106) by wind hole a (103) again, draw through air-out interface a (130) again, send into air compartment (1-V) by air feed system then, enter the oxide regions of gasification hearth (1-IV) bottom again by grate (113), carry out combustion reaction with coke, for gasification provides heat, in solid-fuelled gasification, water vapour and red-hot charcoal carry out the gas making reaction and the fuel gas of generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide that combustion reaction produces and red-hot charcoal carry out the fuel gas that reduction reaction generates carbon monoxide, gas making reaction and reduction reaction need absorb heat, are provided by combustion reaction; During equipment work, the graviational interaction of outer air-introduced machine of stove or chimney makes burner hearth form negative pressure, by adjusting wind supply quantity, air inducing amount the operating pressure of burner hearth and gasification hearth (1-IV) is controlled between negative pressure 50～20pa, the fuel gas that produces in the gasification hearth (1-IV) is introduced in the after burner burns; Combustion air in the after burner inserts the d of annular air compartment (109) by air feed system through blast orifice b (131), enter into burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108) then, the fuel gas that produces in the gasification hearth (1-IV) locates to meet combustion air and violent burning at burner (1-II); Steady combustion circle (107) is made by fire-resistant heat-storing material, function with accumulation of heat and reflected infrared ray heat, therefore stable burning room (1-I) plays combustion-supporting and effect smooth combustion, after the flame that burner (1-II) produces enters into stable burning room (1-I), to keep smooth combustion, and the zone from burner (1-II) to stable burning room (1-I) forms fiery curtain, and coal smoke and remaining combustion gas in the vapour are thoroughly burnt, and reaches the effect of clean combustion.

A kind of solid fuel gasification burning boiler of the present invention, it is characterized in that boiler is by gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I), smoke-box (3-II) and furnace wall are formed, wherein: gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) or fire-resistant furnace wall (124), there is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), on the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-IV), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged, lighting door (120) is arranged at the bottom of gasification hearth (1-IV), in the below of gasification hearth (1-IV) air compartment (1-V) is arranged, grate (113) or debris crasher (114) are arranged between gasification hearth (1-IV) and the air compartment (1-V), air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the vapour outlet picks out from the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth a (3-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108); Burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II) are gone along with sb. to guard him by refractory insulating layer b (310), there is drum a (304) top of burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II), between burner hearth a (3-I) and the smoke-box (3-II) shim (314) is arranged, burner hearth a (3-I) side of shim (314) and smoke-box (3-II) side have delivery port to pick out respectively, and water inlet (318) is arranged at the bottom of shim (314); In the zone of burner hearth a (3-I), be subjected to backing a (306), many groups are subjected to backing a (306) to be the decline ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing a (306) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus a (321), preceding group is subjected to the water inlet of backing a (306) lower end to be connected to the bottom that adjacent back group is subjected to backing a (306) by communicating pipe a (320), and the delivery port that the water inlet that is subjected to backing a (306) lower end is connected to shim (314) is organized at the end; In the zone of smoke-box (3-II), be subjected to backing b (307), many groups are subjected to backing b (307) to be the rising ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing b (307) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus b (305), the delivery port of shim (314) bottom smoke-box (3-II) side is connected to the adjacent water inlet that is subjected to backing b (307) lower end by communicating pipe b (315), group was subjected to the water inlet of backing b (307) lower end, the bottom of smoke-box (3-II) to have exhanst gas outlet a (316) to pick out after preceding group was connected to by the delivery port of backing b (307) bottom.During concrete enforcement, this equipment is used as normal-pressure hot-water boiler, and being subjected to backing a (306), being subjected to the heated medium in backing b (307) and the drum a (304) is water; At exhanst gas outlet a (316) air preheater, deduster, air-introduced machine and chimney are set afterwards, or air preheater and chimney are set afterwards at exhanst gas outlet a (316); The air feed system of boiler comprises air blast, air preheater, volume damper and is connected airduct, the air-out interface a (130) of a of annular air compartment (106) in gasification zone is connected to the air inlet of air blast in the stove, the air outlet of air blast is connected to the air channel import of air preheater, and the ducting outlet of air preheater is connected to the blast orifice a (115) in gasification zone in the stove and the blast orifice b (131) of after burner by volume damper respectively.In this equipment, be subjected to backing a (306) and be subjected to backing b (307) to be designed to slab construction, have that heating surface area is big, thermal conversion efficiency is high and the characteristics of compact conformation.During the operation of this equipment, solid fuel is entered in the gasification hearth (1-IV) by charging/air inlet (129) and carries out gasification reaction, simultaneously comprising that the gasifying agent of water vapour and combustion air sends in the gasification hearth (1-IV), generate the fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, fuel gas is introduced in the after burner and burns, form the fiery curtain of burning from burner (1-II) to stable burning room (1-I) zone in the after burner, the fiery curtain that burns thoroughly burns coal smoke and the remaining combustion gas in the vapour, reaches the effect of clean combustion; Combustion flame enters into combustion chamber a (3-I), the mode of heat by radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection is passed to be subjected to backing a (306), is subjected to the water in backing b (307) and the drum a (304), water is heated up produce hot water, offers and produces or living needs; Red-hot air-flow edge is subjected to the space between the backing a (306) to rise to the below of drum a (304), then along being subjected to the space between the backing b (307) to drop to smoke-box (3-II), red-hot air-flow is by being subjected between the backing a (306) and when being subjected to path between the backing b (307), heat transferred be subjected to backing a (306) and be subjected to water in the backing b (307), water is heated up, make the air-flow cooling simultaneously, waste gas after the cooling is drawn from exhanst gas outlet a (316), enter the air preheater heating combustion air of bringing extra power into play, after dedusting, enter atmosphere by chimney.

Another kind of solid fuel gasification burning boiler of the present invention, it is characterized in that boiler is made up of gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I) and furnace wall, wherein, the structure of gasification function part is wherein a kind of of following a or b: a. is when employing air-breathing gasification mode, gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) are the horizontal linear setting, water jacket (110) is arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) afterwards, and there is air compartment (1-V) at the rear of water jacket (110); There is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), on flame retardant coating a (123), there is the vapour outlet to pick out, debris crasher (114) is arranged in the air compartment (1-V), there is lighting door (120) rear end of air compartment (1-V), the side of air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the downside of air compartment (1-V) has slag-drip opening (132); B. when the using plasma gasification mode, gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) are the horizontal linear setting, flame retardant coating a (123) at water jacket (110) before, there is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), have the vapour outlet to pick out on flame retardant coating a (123) furnace wall, gas ions spray gun (140) is installed in the rear end of water jacket (110), and the downside at water jacket (110) rear portion has slag-drip opening (132).The after burner of this equipment comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth b (4-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108); Burner hearth b (4-I) is gone along with sb. to guard him by refractory insulating layer c (409), there is drum b (402) top in the burner hearth b (4-I), distributive pipe a (408) is arranged in the burner hearth b (4-I), tube bank a (407) is heated, collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403) and header tube c (416), wherein, the tube bank a (407) that is heated is three bending forms, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining a (407) that is heated is connected to collector pipe a (419), be heated the tube bank a (407) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe a (408), distributive pipe a (408), tube bank a (407) and collector pipe a (419) formation of being heated a group is subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed among the burner hearth b (4-I) that a group is subjected to backing; The tube bank b (405) that is heated is eighty percent discount bending formula, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining b (405) that is heated is connected to collector pipe b (403), be heated the tube bank b (405) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe b (406), distributive pipe b (406), be heated tube bank b (405) and collector pipe b (403) constitute the b group and are subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed on the rear portion of burner hearth b (4-I) and interts and organize in the space that is subjected between the backing at a that the b group is subjected to backing; The water side of collector pipe a (419) and collector pipe b (403) is connected to drum b (402) from both wings respectively, the water inlet end of distributive pipe a (408) and distributive pipe b (406) is connected to header tube c (416), and the low level of drum b (402) is connected to header tube c (416) by down-comer (415); The low level of burner hearth b (4-I) has shoot door (413), and exhanst gas outlet b (414) is arranged at the back furnace wall bottom of burner hearth b (4-I).During concrete enforcement, this equipment is used as steam boiler or hot-water boiler, heated medium in distributive pipe a (408), be heated tube bank a (407), collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), be heated tube bank b (405), collector pipe b (403) and the drum b (402) is water or steam water interface, at exhanst gas outlet b (414) air preheater, deduster, air-introduced machine and chimney are set afterwards, or air preheater and chimney are set afterwards at exhanst gas outlet b (414); The air feed system of boiler comprises air blast, air preheater, volume damper and is connected airduct, the air-out interface a (130) of a of annular air compartment (106) in gasification zone is connected to the air inlet of air blast in the stove, the air outlet of air blast is connected to the air channel import of air preheater, and the ducting outlet of air preheater is connected to the blast orifice a (115) in gasification zone in the stove and the blast orifice b (131) of after burner by volume damper respectively.In this equipment, the tube bank a (407) and the tube bank b (405) that is heated are arranged among the burner hearth b (4-I) being heated, make big and high characteristics of thermal conversion efficiency of available heat swept area in burner hearth b (4-I), as be heated the tube bank between be weldingly connected with steel plate, can be so that bigger heating surface area be arranged in the burner hearth.During the operation of this equipment, solid fuel enters into gasification hearth (1-IV) by charging/air inlet (129) and carries out gasification reaction, simultaneously comprising that the gasifying agent of water vapour and combustion air sends in the gasification hearth (1-IV), generate the fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, fuel gas is introduced in the after burner and burns, form the fiery curtain of burning from burner (1-II) to stable burning room (1-I) in the after burner, the fiery curtain that burns thoroughly burns coal smoke and the remaining combustion gas in the vapour, reaches the effect of clean combustion; Combustion flame enters into burner hearth b (4-I), the mode of heat by radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection passed to the tube bank a (407) that is heated, is heated and restrains the interior water of b (405), distributive pipe a (408), collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), collector pipe b (403) and drum b (402), water is heated up produce steam or hot water, offer production and live required; Red-hot air-flow passes the tube bank a (407) that is heated, collector pipe a (419), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403), space between distributive pipe a (408) and the distributive pipe b (406), front portion by burner hearth b (4-I) arrives the rear portion, by heat transferred be heated the tube bank a (407), collector pipe a (419), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403), water in distributive pipe a (408) and the distributive pipe b (406) and make the air-flow cooling, waste gas after the cooling is drawn from exhanst gas outlet b (414), enter the air preheater heating combustion air of bringing extra power into play, after dedusting, enter atmosphere by chimney.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: take the advanced promoting the circulation of qi generation of solid fuel fuel gas, again fuel gas is carried out the measure of second-time burning, can improve solid-fuelled efficiency of combustion, and realize reducing contamination by clean combustion environment.Compare with routine techniques, boiler thermal output of the present invention is higher, to the pollution of environment still less.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that a kind of using solid fuel of the present invention carried out the equipment structure chart of gasification, and combustion;

Fig. 2 is that another kind of the present invention uses solid fuel and carries out the equipment structure chart of gasification, and combustion;

Fig. 3 be of the present invention another use solid fuel and carry out the equipment structure chart of gasification, and combustion;

Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the B-B profile of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is the C-C profile of Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a kind of boiler structure figure of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is another kind of boiler structure figure of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is another boiler structure figure of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the D-D profile of Fig. 8 or Fig. 9.

Among the figure: 101. bells are carried handle, 102. furnace top covers, 103. wind hole a, 104. universal joint assemblies, 105. airduct, 106. a of annular air compartment, 107. steady combustion circles, 108. wind hole b, 109. the d of annular air compartment, 110. water jackets, 111. water vapour spouts, 112. air-out interface b, 113. grate, 114. debris crashers, 115. blast orifice a, 116. water seals, 117. furnace foundation, 118. cleanout doors, 119. access door a, 120. lighting doors, 121. the c of annular air compartment, 122. tube chambers, 123. flame retardant coating a, 124. fire-resistant furnace wall, 125. heat-insulation layer a, 126. shell a, 127. the air intake interface, 128. b of annular air compartment, 129. chargings/air inlet, 130. air-out interface a, 131. blast orifice b, 132. slag-drip openings, 133. the spiral tube, 134. helical axis, 135. envelopes, 136. the feeding screw pedestal, 137. gearboxes, 138. axle boxes, 139. hopper, 140. plasma torch, 141. flame-observing mirrors, 1-I. stable burning room, 1-II. burner, 1-III. tap air channel, 1-IV. gasification hearth, 1-V. air compartment, 1-VI. air passageway; 2. the grey slag car 301. Pressure gauges, 302. steam valves, 303. safety valves, 304. drum a, 305. canalis pterygoideus b, 306. are subjected to backing a, and 307. are subjected to backing b, 308. ribs, 309. water-cooling wall a, 310. refractory insulating layer b, 311. heat-insulation layer b, 312. shell b, 313. access door b, 314. shims, 315. communicating pipe b, 316. exhanst gas outlet a, 317. cleaning door, 318. water inlets, 319. sewage draining exits, 320. communicating pipe a, 321. canalis pterygoideus a, 3-I. combustion chamber a, 3-II. smoke-box; 401. steam (vapor) outlet, 402. drum b, 403. collector pipe b, 404. water-cooling wall b, the tube bank b 405. be heated, 406. distributive pipe b, 407. are heated restrains a, 408. distributive pipe a, 409. refractory insulating layer c, 410. heat-insulation layer c, 411. shell c, 412. header tube b, 413. shoot doors, 414. exhanst gas outlet b, 415. down-comer, 416. header tube c, 417. header tube a, 418. access door c, 419. collector pipe a, 4-I. combustion chamber b.

The specific embodiment

What embodiment 1 was shown in Figure 1 is a kind of gasification combustion equipment that uses solid fuel, gasification hearth wherein (1-IV) is made of the interior space of vertical revolving body furnace wall, the revolving body furnace wall comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) is on water jacket (110), the skin of flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) is heat-insulation layer a (125), and the skin of heat-insulation layer a (125) is shell a (126); There is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), the furnace wall in air passageway (1-VI) is the extension of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall, wind hole a (103) is set on the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) distributes ringwise for the porous mode, the a of annular air compartment (106) is arranged in the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) is communicated to a of annular air compartment (106), and a of annular air compartment (106) has air-out interface a (130) to pick out; On the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-IV), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged; The vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123); In the bottom of water jacket (110) water vapour spout (111) is arranged, lighting door (120) is arranged in the bottom of water jacket (110); In the below of water jacket (110) air compartment (1-V) is arranged, between water jacket (110) and the air compartment (1-V) grate (113) is arranged; Air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert; After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108).Present embodiment is as the combustion apparatus of boiler, the burner of going into of boiler combustion burner hearth is connected with the stable burning room (1-I) of after burner, the air feed system of combustion air is set outside stove, air feed system comprises air blast, air preheater and is connected airduct, wherein the flue gas interface of air preheater is connected on the exhanst gas outlet of boiler, the back level of air preheater has air-introduced machine and chimney, or the exhanst gas outlet of air preheater is directly connected to chimney; The air-out interface a (130) of a of annular air compartment (106) is connected to the air inlet of air blast by airduct, the air outlet of air blast is connected to the air input interface of air preheater, the air output interface of air preheater is connected respectively to the blast orifice a (115) of air compartment (1-V) and the blast orifice b (131) of after burner, at the arrival end of blast orifice a (115) and blast orifice b (131) damper is arranged respectively.Slagging tap of present embodiment is the mode of manually slagging tap, and slag is left out by mistake on the bottom surface of air compartment (1-V) by grate (113), trips out from cleanout door (118) then.

Among embodiment 2 embodiment shown in Figure 2, with the grate (113) among alternative the 1st embodiment of debris crasher (114), debris crasher (114) is made up of rotating shaft and broken cutter, wherein, broken cutter is the trident form, jaw is a pyramid structure, and a plurality of broken cuttves are arranged in every rotating shaft, and rotating shaft is passed through hand shaken or passed through the mechanical rotation of motor-ways of deceleration; Wind hole a (103) changes on the furnace top cover (102) of air passageway (1-VI), and wind hole a (103) is connected to airduct (105) by universal joint assembly (104), and airduct (105) is connected to the blower inlet of air feed system.The below of present embodiment air compartment (1-V) is water seal (116), slags tap to be the machinery mode of slagging tap, and slag drops in the water seal slag bath by debris crasher (114), is tripped out by mucking machine then.

Among embodiment 3 embodiment shown in Figure 3, with flame retardant coating a (123) and the water jacket (110) among alternative the 1st embodiment of fire-resistant furnace wall (124) or the 2nd embodiment, fire-resistant furnace wall (124) is a tubular construction, the b of annular air compartment (128) is arranged in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124), tube chamber (122) and the c of annular air compartment (121), the b of annular air compartment (128) is on top, the c of annular air compartment (121) is in the bottom, tube chamber (122) is communicated with between b of annular air compartment (128) and the c of annular air compartment (121), tube chamber (122) is distributed in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124) ringwise for the multitube mode, the b of annular air compartment (128) has air intake interface (127) to insert, and the c of annular air compartment (121) has air-out interface b (112) to pick out.During the present embodiment operation, combustion air enters into the b of annular air compartment (128) from air intake interface (127), enter in the c of annular air compartment (121) by tube chamber (122) again, draw by air-out interface b (112) then, send in the gasification hearth (1-IV) and after burner.When the b of annular air compartment (128), tube chamber (122) and the c of annular air compartment (121), combustion air is subjected to preheating and in time removes the heat of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall present embodiment at combustion air, prevents that the furnace wall appearance is overheated and is damaged.There is the grey slag car (2) to accept slag in the present embodiment air compartment (1-V).

What embodiment 4 was shown in Figure 7 is that a kind of using solid fuel carried out the boiler plant of gasification, and combustion, boiler plant is by gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I), smoke-box (3-II) and furnace wall are formed, wherein: gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) is on water jacket (110), there is air compartment (1-V) below of water jacket (110), there is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), the furnace wall in air passageway (1-VI) is the extension of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall, air passageway (1-VI) furnace wall, flame retardant coating a (123), the skin of water jacket (110) and air compartment (1-V) furnace wall is heat-insulation layer a (125), and the skin of heat-insulation layer a (125) is shell a (126); Wind hole a (103) is set on the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) distributes ringwise for the porous mode, the a of annular air compartment (106) is arranged in the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) is communicated to a of annular air compartment (106), and a of annular air compartment (106) has air-out interface a (130) to pick out; On the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-IV), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged; The bottom of water jacket (110) has lighting door (120) and water vapour spout (111) to insert; Between gasification hearth (1-IV) and the air compartment (1-V) debris crasher (114) is arranged, air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the below of air compartment (1-V) is water seal (116); The vapour outlet picks out from the position of flame retardant coating a (123); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth a (3-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108); Burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II) are gone along with sb. to guard him by water-cooling wall a (309) and refractory insulating layer b (310), there is drum a (304) top of burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II), between burner hearth a (3-I) and the smoke-box (3-II) shim (314) is arranged, burner hearth a (3-I) side of shim (314) and smoke-box (3-II) side have delivery port to pick out respectively, and water inlet (318) is arranged at the bottom of shim (314); In the zone of burner hearth a (3-I), be subjected to backing a (306), many groups are subjected to backing a (306) to be the decline ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing a (306) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus a (321), preceding group is subjected to the water inlet of backing a (306) lower end to be connected to the bottom that adjacent back group is subjected to backing a (306) by communicating pipe a (320), and the delivery port that the water inlet that is subjected to backing a (306) lower end is connected to shim (314) is organized at the end; In the zone of smoke-box (3-II), be subjected to backing b (307), many groups are subjected to backing b (307) to be the rising ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing b (307) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus b (305), smoke-box (3-II) the side delivery port of shim (314) bottom is connected to the adjacent water inlet that is subjected to backing b (307) lower end by communicating pipe b (315), group was subjected to the water inlet of backing b (307) lower end, the bottom of smoke-box (3-II) to have exhanst gas outlet a (316) to pick out after preceding group was connected to by the delivery port of backing b (307) bottom.The boiler plant of present embodiment is used as normal-pressure hot-water boiler, and being subjected to backing a (306), being subjected to the heated medium in backing b (307) and the drum a (304) is water; The air feed system of boiler comprises air blast, air preheater, volume damper and is connected airduct, and air preheater is provided with exhanst gas outlet a (316) afterwards, and the back level of air preheater has deduster, air-introduced machine and chimney (not shown); The air-out interface a (130) of a of annular air compartment (106) is connected to the air inlet of air blast, the air outlet of air blast is connected to the air channel import of air preheater, and the ducting outlet of air preheater is connected to the blast orifice a (115) in gasification zone in the stove and blast orifice b (131) (not shown) of after burner by volume damper respectively.During the present embodiment operation, solid fuel enters into gasification hearth (1-IV) by charging/air inlet (129) and carries out gasification reaction, simultaneously comprising that the gasifying agent of water vapour and combustion air sends in the gasification hearth (1-IV), generate the fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, slag falls into water seal (116), is tripped out by mucking machine; Fuel gas is introduced in the after burner and burns, and forms the fiery curtain of burning from burner (1-II) to stable burning room (1-I) in the after burner, and the fiery curtain that burns thoroughly burns coal smoke and the remaining combustion gas in the vapour, reaches the effect of clean combustion; Combustion flame enters into combustion chamber a (3-I), the mode of heat by radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection passed to be subjected to backing a (306), be subjected to the water in backing b (307) and the drum a (304), water is heated up produce the hot water of production or living needs, red-hot air-flow edge is subjected to the space between the backing a (306) to rise to the below of drum a (304), then along being subjected to the space between the backing b (307) to drop to smoke-box (3-II), red-hot air-flow is by being subjected between the backing a (306) and when being subjected to path between the backing b (307), heat transferred be subjected to backing a (306) and be subjected to water in the backing b (307), water is heated up, make the air-flow cooling simultaneously, waste gas after the cooling is drawn from exhanst gas outlet a (316), enter the air preheater heating combustion air of bringing extra power into play, after enter atmosphere by chimney after the dedusting.

Among embodiment 5 embodiment shown in Figure 8, boiler plant is made up of gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I) and furnace wall, wherein, gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) are the horizontal linear setting, water jacket (110) is arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) afterwards, and there is air compartment (1-V) at the rear of water jacket (110); There is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV); On flame retardant coating a (123), there is the vapour outlet to pick out; Debris crasher (114) is arranged in the air compartment (1-V), there is lighting door (120) rear end of air compartment (1-V), the side of air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the downside of air compartment (1-V) has slag-drip opening (132), and slag-drip opening (132) is connected to hydrolock slag bath (not shown); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth b (4-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108); Burner hearth b (4-I) is gone along with sb. to guard him by water-cooling wall b (404) and refractory insulating layer c (409), there is drum b (402) top in the burner hearth b (4-I), distributive pipe a (408) is arranged in the burner hearth b (4-I), tube bank a (407) is heated, collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403) and header tube c (416), wherein, the tube bank a (407) that is heated is three bending forms, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining a (407) that is heated is connected to collector pipe a (419), be heated the tube bank a (407) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe a (408), distributive pipe a (408), tube bank a (407) and collector pipe a (419) formation of being heated a group is subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed among the burner hearth b (4-I) that a group is subjected to backing; The tube bank b (405) that is heated is eighty percent discount bending formula, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining b (405) that is heated is connected to collector pipe b (403), be heated the tube bank b (405) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe b (406), distributive pipe b (406), be heated tube bank b (405) and collector pipe b (403) constitute the b group and are subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed on the rear portion of burner hearth b (4-I) and interts and organize in the space that is subjected between the backing at a that the b group is subjected to backing; The water side of collector pipe a (419) and collector pipe b (403) is connected to drum b (402) from both wings respectively, the water inlet end of distributive pipe a (408) and distributive pipe b (406) is connected to header tube c (416), and the low level of drum b (402) is connected to header tube c (416) by down-comer (415); The low level of burner hearth b (4-I) has shoot door (413), and exhanst gas outlet b (414) is arranged at the back furnace wall bottom of burner hearth b (4-I).Present embodiment is used as steam boiler, heated medium in distributive pipe a (408), be heated tube bank a (407), collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), be heated tube bank b (405), collector pipe b (403) and the drum b (402) is water or steam water interface, at exhanst gas outlet b (414) air preheater, deduster, air-introduced machine and chimney is set afterwards; The air feed system of boiler comprises air blast, air preheater, volume damper and is connected airduct, the air-out interface a (130) of a of annular air compartment (106) in gasification zone is connected to the air inlet of air blast in the stove, the air outlet of air blast is connected to the air channel import of air preheater, and the ducting outlet of air preheater is connected to the blast orifice a (115) in gasification zone in the stove and the blast orifice b (131) of after burner by volume damper respectively.During the present embodiment operation, solid fuel enters into gasification hearth (1-IV) by charging/air inlet (129) and carries out gasification reaction, simultaneously comprising that the gasifying agent of water vapour and combustion air sends in the gasification hearth (1-IV), generate the fuel gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, slag enters into the hydrolock slag bath by slag-drip opening (132), is tripped out by mucking machine; Fuel gas is introduced in the after burner and burns, and forms the fiery curtain of burning from burner (1-II) to stable burning room (1-I) in the after burner, and the fiery curtain that burns thoroughly burns coal smoke and the remaining combustion gas in the vapour, reaches the effect of clean combustion; Combustion flame enters into burner hearth b (4-I), the mode of heat by radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection passed to distributive pipe a (408), tube bank a (407) is heated, collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), tube bank b (405) is heated, water in collector pipe b (403) and the drum b (402), water is heated up produce the steam or the hot water of production and living needs, red-hot air-flow passes the tube bank a (407) that is heated, collector pipe a (419), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403), space between distributive pipe a (408) and the distributive pipe b (406), front portion by burner hearth b (4-I) arrives the rear portion, by heat transferred be heated the tube bank a (407), collector pipe a (419), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403), water in distributive pipe a (408) and the distributive pipe b (406) and make the air-flow cooling, waste gas after the cooling is drawn from exhanst gas outlet b (414), enter the air preheater heating combustion air of bringing extra power into play, after dedusting, enter atmosphere by chimney.

Among embodiment 6 embodiment shown in Figure 9, with air compartment (1-V) and the lighting door (120) among alternative the 5th embodiment of plasma torch (140), gas ions spray gun (140) is installed in the rear end of water jacket (110), and slag-drip opening (132) is arranged on the downside at water jacket (110) rear portion; Plasma torch is worked in the transferred arc mode, the cathode power wire connections of plasma torch is connected respectively to the negative pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the negative pole of striking high frequency electric source, supply terminals on the anode is connected respectively to the positive pole of power-supply controller of electric main power source and the positive pole of striking high frequency electric source, cooling water interface, working media interface are arranged on plasma torch, and cooling water interface and working media interface are connected to water system and steam-supplying system (not shown) by the earthenware of one section 50cm length respectively.During the present embodiment operation, water vapour is heated to more than 4000 ℃ in plasma torch (140), make hydrone be decomposed into the activity chemistry thing of hydrogen and oxygen, the gasifying agent utilization is done at the rear portion that sprays into gasification hearth (1-IV), and carrying out the chemical reaction generation with coke is the artificial fuel gas of main component with carbon monoxide and hydrogen.Present embodiment does not need to gasification hearth (1-IV) input air combustion-supporting in solid-fuelled gasification, makes the calorific value height of artificial fuel gas, significantly reduces the nitrogen content in the combustion apparatus simultaneously, therefore can effectively suppress the generation of nitrogen oxide, reduces and pollutes.

In the above embodiments, fire-resistant furnace wall or flame retardant coating are with alumina cement concreting or use the refractory brick material, and heat-insulation layer is selected the aluminosilicate refractory fiber material for use, and shell is selected steel plate materials for use.

Claims

1. solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus, comprise gasification hearth and after burner, it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) is made of the interior space of vertical revolving body furnace wall, there is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), on the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-IV), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged, lighting door (120) is arranged at the bottom of gasification hearth (1-IV), in the below of gasification hearth (1-IV) air compartment (1-V) is arranged, between gasification hearth (1-IV) and the air compartment (1-V) grate (113) is arranged, air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the vapour outlet picks out from the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108).

2. a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1, the furnace wall that it is characterized in that air passageway (1-VI) is the extension of gasification hearth (1-IV) furnace wall, furnace top cover (102) is arranged on the top of air passageway (1-VI), on the furnace top cover (102) of air passageway (1-VI) or furnace wall, wind hole a (103) is set, when wind hole a (103) is arranged on the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) distributes ringwise for the porous mode, the a of annular air compartment (106) is arranged in the furnace wall of air passageway (1-VI), wind hole a (103) is communicated to a of annular air compartment (106), and a of annular air compartment (106) has air-out interface a (130) to pick out.

3. a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1, the vertical revolving body furnace wall that it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) is on water jacket (110), the skin of flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) is heat-insulation layer a (125), the skin of heat-insulation layer a (125) is shell a (126), the vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123), in the bottom of water jacket (110) lighting door (120) is arranged.

4. a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterized in that substituting flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) with fire-resistant furnace wall (124), fire-resistant furnace wall (124) is a tubular construction, the b of annular air compartment (128) is arranged in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124), tube chamber (122) and the c of annular air compartment (121), the b of annular air compartment (128) is on top, the c of annular air compartment (121) is in the bottom, tube chamber (122) is communicated with between b of annular air compartment (128) and the c of annular air compartment (121), tube chamber (122) is distributed in the body of wall of fire-resistant furnace wall (124) ringwise for the multitube mode, the b of annular air compartment (128) has air intake interface (127) to insert, and the c of annular air compartment (121) has air-out interface b (112) to pick out.

5. according to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus, it is characterized in that substituting grate (113) with debris crasher (114), debris crasher (114) is made up of rotating shaft and broken cutter, wherein, broken cutter is the trident form, jaw is a pyramid structure, and a plurality of broken cuttves are arranged in every rotating shaft.

6. solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus, comprise gasification hearth and after burner, it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) is made of the interior space of horizontal revolving body furnace wall, there is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), there is air compartment (1-V) at the rear of gasification hearth (1-IV), there is lighting door (120) rear end of air compartment (1-V), the side of air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, the downside of air compartment (1-V) has slag-drip opening (132), has the vapour outlet to pick out in the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV); After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108).

7. a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 6, the horizontal revolving body furnace wall that it is characterized in that gasification hearth (1-IV) comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), water jacket (110) be arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) and air compartment (1-V) furnace wall between, vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123); In the rear end of gasification hearth (1-IV) debris crasher (114) is arranged, debris crasher (114) is made up of rotating shaft and broken cutter, and wherein, broken cutter is the trident form, and jaw is a pyramid structure, and a plurality of broken cuttves are arranged in every rotating shaft.

8. a kind of solid fuel gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterized in that substituting air compartment (1-V) and lighting door (120) with plasma torch (140), horizontal revolving body furnace wall comprises flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), water jacket (110) is arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) afterwards, gas ions spray gun (140) is installed in the rear end of water jacket (110), downside at water jacket (110) rear portion has slag-drip opening (132), and the vapour outlet picks out from flame retardant coating a (123).

9. solid fuel gasification burning boiler is characterized in that boiler is made up of gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I), smoke-box (3-II) and furnace wall, wherein:

Gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) or fire-resistant furnace wall (124), there is air passageway (1-VI) top of gasification hearth (1-IV), on the side wall between air passageway (1-VI) and the gasification hearth (1-IV), charging/air inlet (129) is arranged, lighting door (120) is arranged at the bottom of gasification hearth (1-IV), in the below of gasification hearth (1-IV) air compartment (1-V) is arranged, grate (113) or debris crasher (114) are arranged between gasification hearth (1-IV) and the air compartment (1-V), air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the vapour outlet picks out from the stage casing of gasification hearth (1-IV);

After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth a (3-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108);

Burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II) are gone along with sb. to guard him by refractory insulating layer b (310), there is drum a (304) top of burner hearth a (3-I) and smoke-box (3-II), between burner hearth a (3-I) and the smoke-box (3-II) shim (314) is arranged, burner hearth a (3-I) side of shim (314) and smoke-box (3-II) side have delivery port to pick out respectively, and water inlet (318) is arranged at the bottom of shim (314);

In the zone of burner hearth a (3-I), be subjected to backing a (306), many groups are subjected to backing a (306) to be the decline ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing a (306) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus a (321), preceding group is subjected to the water inlet of backing a (306) lower end to be connected to the bottom that adjacent back group is subjected to backing a (306) by communicating pipe a (320), and the delivery port that the water inlet that is subjected to backing a (306) lower end is connected to shim (314) is organized at the end;

In the zone of smoke-box (3-II), be subjected to backing b (307), many groups are subjected to backing b (307) to be the rising ladder from front to back and arrange setting, each group is subjected to the delivery port of backing b (307) upper end to be connected to drum a (304) by canalis pterygoideus b (305), smoke-box (3-II) the side delivery port of shim (314) bottom is connected to the adjacent water inlet that is subjected to backing b (307) lower end by communicating pipe b (315), group was subjected to the water inlet of backing b (307) lower end, the bottom of smoke-box (3-II) to have exhanst gas outlet a (316) to pick out after preceding group was connected to by the delivery port of backing b (307) bottom.

10. solid fuel gasification burning boiler is characterized in that boiler is made up of gasification hearth (1-IV), after burner, burner hearth a (3-I) and furnace wall, and wherein, the structure of gasification function part is wherein a kind of of following a or b:

A. when adopting the air-breathing gasification mode, gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) are the horizontal linear setting, water jacket (110) is arranged on flame retardant coating a (123) afterwards, there is air compartment (1-V) at the rear of water jacket (110), there is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), on flame retardant coating a (123), there is the vapour outlet to pick out, debris crasher (114) is arranged in the air compartment (1-V), there is lighting door (120) rear end of air compartment (1-V), the side of air compartment (1-V) has blast orifice a (115) to insert, and the downside of air compartment (1-V) has slag-drip opening (132);

B. when the using plasma gasification mode, gasification hearth (1-IV) is gone along with sb. to guard him by flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110), flame retardant coating a (123) and water jacket (110) are the horizontal linear setting, flame retardant coating a (123) at water jacket (110) before, there is feeding screw in the place ahead of gasification hearth (1-IV), have the vapour outlet to pick out on flame retardant coating a (123) furnace wall, gas ions spray gun (140) is installed in the rear end of water jacket (110), and the downside at water jacket (110) rear portion has slag-drip opening (132);

After burner comprises tap air channel (1-III), the d of annular air compartment (109), wind hole b (108), burner (1-II) and stable burning room (1-I), the inlet end of tap air channel (1-III) is connected the vapour outlet of gasification hearth (1-IV), the outlet side of tap air channel (1-III) is connected to burner (1-II), burner (1-II) is connected to stable burning room (1-I), stable burning room (1-I) is made of the interior space of steady combustion circle (107), the flame export of stable burning room (1-I) is at burner hearth b (4-I), burner (1-II) forms aditus structure by annular furnace wall reducing, in the furnace wall body of burner (1-II) section, the d of annular air compartment (109) is arranged, the d of annular air compartment (109) has blast orifice b (131) to insert, and the d of annular air compartment (109) is communicated to burner (1-II) by wind hole b (108);

Burner hearth b (4-I) is gone along with sb. to guard him by refractory insulating layer c (409), there is drum b (402) top in the burner hearth b (4-I), distributive pipe a (408) is arranged in the burner hearth b (4-I), tube bank a (407) is heated, collector pipe a (419), distributive pipe b (406), tube bank b (405) is heated, collector pipe b (403) and header tube c (416), wherein, the tube bank a (407) that is heated is three bending forms, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining a (407) that is heated is connected to collector pipe a (419), be heated the tube bank a (407) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe a (408), distributive pipe a (408), tube bank a (407) and collector pipe a (419) formation of being heated a group is subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed among the burner hearth b (4-I) that a group is subjected to backing; The tube bank b (405) that is heated is eighty percent discount bending formula, the front portion is upturned, the front end of restraining b (405) that is heated is connected to collector pipe b (403), be heated the tube bank b (405) the rear end be connected to distributive pipe b (406), distributive pipe b (406), be heated tube bank b (405) and collector pipe b (403) constitute the b group and are subjected to backing, and it is that many groups form is evenly distributed on the rear portion of burner hearth b (4-I) and interts and organize in the space that is subjected between the backing at a that the b group is subjected to backing; The water side of collector pipe a (419) and collector pipe b (403) is connected to drum b (402) from both wings respectively, the water inlet end of distributive pipe a (408) and distributive pipe b (406) is connected to header tube c (416), and the low level of drum b (402) is connected to header tube c (416) by down-comer (415); The low level of burner hearth b (4-I) has shoot door (413), and exhanst gas outlet b (414) is arranged at the back furnace wall bottom of burner hearth b (4-I).