CN102132112A - Charge management in refrigerant vapor compression systems - Google Patents
Charge management in refrigerant vapor compression systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN102132112A CN102132112A CN2009801170810A CN200980117081A CN102132112A CN 102132112 A CN102132112 A CN 102132112A CN 2009801170810 A CN2009801170810 A CN 2009801170810A CN 200980117081 A CN200980117081 A CN 200980117081A CN 102132112 A CN102132112 A CN 102132112A
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 480
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[F] Chemical compound [C].[F] PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
A refrigerant vapor compression system includes a compression device, a refrigerant heat rejection heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a refrigerant heat absorption heat exchanger disposed in a closed-loop refrigerant circuit in serial refrigerant flow relationship. A refrigerant storage device is connected by at least one refrigerant line in fluid communication with the refrigerant circuit and a flow control device interdisposed in that refrigerant line. Refrigerant may be selectively withdrawn from and returned to the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit; or withdrawn from and returned to the low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit; or withdrawn from the high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit and returned to the low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant may be withdrawn from and returned to the refrigerant circuit during operation or during an off-cycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to refrigerant vapor compression system by and large, and more particularly relates to the effective refrigerant charge management in refrigerant vapor compression system (comprise use carbon dioxide coolant and to stride the transport refrigeration refrigerant vapor compression system of critical cycle operation).
Background technology
Refrigerant vapor compression system is the air of knowing in this area and be generally used for being fed to refrigeration in the transport refrigeration applications temperature control goods space of the truck, trailer, container or the analog that are used to transport freezing or perishable.Be fed to storage freezing or the cold house of perishable items or the air of refrigerated display case with refrigeration in the commercial refrigeration facility that refrigerant vapor compression system also can be usually used in being associated with supermarket, convenience store, restaurant and other commercial undertaking.Refrigerant vapor compression system also is generally used for regulating the air of the weather control comfort zone that is fed in dwelling house, office building, hospital, school, restaurant or other facility.Usually, this refrigerant vapor compression system comprises compressor, air cooled or water-cooled refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger (it serves as condenser and is striding in the critical operation and serving as gas cooler in subcritical operation), refrigerant heats heat exchanger (it serves as evaporimeter), and be subjected to the heat-heat exchanger upstream and at the expansion gear (being generally heating power expansion valve or electric expansion valve) in heat dissipation heat exchanger downstream with respect to flow of refrigerant.These basic refrigerant system members are interconnected into closed-loop refrigerant circuits by refrigerant lines, arrange according to known refrigerant vapor compression cycle.
Traditionally, the major part in these refrigerant vapor compression systems is operated with subcritical refrigerant pressure.With the refrigerant vapor compression system of subcritical range operation usually by filled conventional fluorine carbon cold-producing medium, such as (but being not limited to) HCFC (HCFC), such as R22, and be more typically HFC (HFC), such as R134a, R410A and R407C.On current market, replace the HFC cold-producing medium to be used for showing shown in air conditioning applications, commercial refrigeration application and the transport refrigeration applications bigger interest for " natural " cold-producing medium such as carbon dioxide.But because carbon dioxide has low critical-temperature, filled carbon dioxide is designed to stride the operation of critical pressure pattern as most of refrigerant vapor compression systems of cold-producing medium, is the part for its operation at least.For example, transport refrigeration agent steam compression system with air cooled refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger is operated in the environment of air themperature above the critical-temperature point (31.1 ℃ (88)) of carbon dioxide around, must be also with the compressor discharge pressure operation of the critical-point pressure (7.38MPa (1070psia)) that surpasses carbon dioxide, and therefore will be to stride the critical cycle operation.In with the refrigerant vapor compression system of striding the critical cycle operation, the refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger is as gas cooler operation rather than as the condenser operation and surpassing the refrigerant temperature and the pressure operation of cold-producing medium critical point temperature and pressure, and evaporimeter is operated under the refrigerant temperature of subcritical range and pressure.
In the low-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system, there is the part between the refrigerant suction port of the outlet of evaporator expansion device and compression set, refrigerant pressure keeps related with refrigerant temperature.But, in striding critical operation,, there is the part between the inlet of the cold-producing medium exhaust outlet of compression set and evaporator expansion device in the high-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system, refrigerant pressure and refrigerant temperature are independently of one another.Therefore, can only optimize refrigerant pressure for single design operation point.Therefore, under the condition of off-design, refrigerant vapor compression system operation can be suboptimum, because under those conditions, refrigerant charge can be higher or lower than best refrigerant charge.
U.S. Patent application bulletin No.US/2005/0132729A1 discloses a kind of transcritical refrigerant steam compression system, refrigerant vapor compression system has Refrigerant-storage vessel, Refrigerant-storage vessel comprises the cold-producing medium of variable-quality, but the capacity of control system thus.In the disclosed embodiment, Refrigerant-storage vessel with respect to flow of refrigerant the evaporator expansion device upstream with always with closed-loop refrigerant circuits become open fluid communication in the position in refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger downstream by single fluid line with respect to flow of refrigerant.Temperature by regulating tank or control refrigerant quality in the Refrigerant-storage vessel by the storage volume in the regulating tank, this need provide extra measurable power to refrigerant system on permanent or interim basis.
Summary of the invention
In one aspect of the invention, refrigerant vapor compression system comprises the compressing apparatus of refrigerant that is positioned to the mobile connection of serial refrigerant with closed-loop refrigerant circuits, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger, expansion gear and cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger; Refrigerant storage device, it is connected into the closed-loop refrigerant circuits fluid by at least one refrigerant lines and is communicated with, and refrigerant storage device limits storage volume; And, be inserted in the volume control device in this at least one refrigerant lines.Volume control device has open position and closed position, and at open position, cold-producing medium can flow by this at least one refrigerant lines, in the closed position, stops cold-producing medium to flow by this at least one refrigerant lines.In one embodiment, controller can be associated so that volume control device optionally is positioned open position or closed position in operation with volume control device.
In one embodiment, the storage volume of refrigerant storage device is connected into closed-loop refrigerant circuits by single refrigerant lines in the on high-tension side position of refrigerant vapor compression system in the expansion gear upstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with, and expansion gear is placed in the downstream of refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits and the upstream of cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger.In one embodiment, the storage volume of refrigerant storage device is connected into closed-loop refrigerant circuits by single refrigerant lines in the position of the low-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system in the expansion gear downstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with.
In one aspect of the invention, refrigerant vapor compression system comprises the compressing apparatus of refrigerant that is positioned to the mobile connection of serial refrigerant with closed-loop refrigerant circuits, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger, expansion gear and cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger; Refrigerant storage device, it limits storage volume, storage volume has the district of going up and inferior segment, and last district is connected into described closed-loop refrigerant circuits by first refrigerant lines in the on high-tension side position of refrigerant vapor compression system in the expansion gear upstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with, and inferior segment is connected into closed-loop refrigerant circuits by second refrigerant lines in the position of the low-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system in the expansion gear downstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with.The first flow control device is inserted in first refrigerant lines and second volume control device is inserted in second refrigerant lines.In the volume control device each has open position and closed position.In one embodiment, each in the volume control device can be the magnetic valve with open position and closed position.Refrigerant vapor compression system also can comprise controller, and each in controller and the first flow control device and second volume control device is associated in operation one of first flow control device and second volume control device optionally be positioned open position and simultaneously in the first flow control device and second volume control device another optionally be positioned the closed position.
In one aspect of the invention, the method of a kind of management with the refrigerant charge in the refrigerant vapor compression system of striding the critical cycle operation is provided, refrigerant vapor compression system has be positioned to compressing apparatus of refrigerant, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger that serial refrigerant flow to be communicated with in closed-loop refrigerant circuits, and is placed in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits expansion gear in refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger downstream and cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger upstream.This method may further comprise the steps: optionally extract cold-producing medium from the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system; The cold-producing medium that storage is extracted; Make the cold-producing medium that is extracted turn back to the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system from storage device.
If refrigerant storage device is connected to the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium on high-tension side position, so usually, extract cold-producing medium in refrigerant vapor compression system operating period from the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium, and turn back to the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium in termination cycle period of refrigerant vapor compression system.In this embodiment of this method, extract cold-producing medium and also make the cold-producing medium that is extracted turn back to closed-loop refrigerant circuits from closed-loop refrigerant circuits in the position of expansion gear upstream in the on high-tension side position of expansion gear upstream.
If refrigerant storage device is connected to the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium in the position of low-pressure side, so usually, end cycle period at refrigerant vapor compression system and extract cold-producing medium, and turn back to the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium in the operating period of refrigerant vapor compression system from the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium.In this embodiment of this method, extract cold-producing medium and also make the cold-producing medium that is extracted turn back to closed-loop refrigerant circuits from closed-loop refrigerant circuits in the position in expansion gear downstream in the position of the low-pressure side in expansion gear downstream.
(one in the high-pressure side if refrigerant storage device is two positions, and another is in low-pressure side) be connected to closed loop cold-producing medium circulation, so usually, extract cold-producing medium in refrigerant vapor compression system operating period from the circulation of closed loop cold-producing medium, and also the operating period of refrigerant vapor compression system cold-producing medium that chien shih extracts turn back to the closed loop cold-producing medium and circulate.In this embodiment of this method, extract cold-producing medium and make the position of cold-producing medium on the low-pressure side in expansion gear downstream of being extracted turn back to closed-loop refrigerant circuits from closed-loop refrigerant circuits in the on high-tension side position of expansion gear upstream.
Description of drawings
In order further to understand the present invention, with reference to the specific embodiment hereinafter of the present invention, these contents will read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that illustrates according to first one exemplary embodiment of refrigerant vapor compression system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that illustrates according to second one exemplary embodiment of refrigerant vapor compression system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the 3rd one exemplary embodiment of refrigerant vapor compression system of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Now referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, refrigerant vapor compression system 10 comprises by various refrigerant lines 2,4 and 6 with mobile compression set 20, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40 and the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 (also being known as evaporimeter in this article) that connects into closed-loop refrigerant circuits of arranging of serial refrigerant.In addition, be inserted in the refrigerant lines 4 with respect to flow of refrigerant in refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40 downstreams and with respect to flow of refrigerant in cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 upstreams with evaporimeter 50 expansion gear 55 of being associated in operation.In the embodiment of the refrigerant vapor compression system 10 that Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 describes, expansion gear 55 comprises electric expansion valve.But should be appreciated that expansion gear alternately comprises heating power expansion valve or fixed orifice expansion valve, such as capillary.
When refrigerant vapor compression system 10 is operated to stride critical cycle, such as when filling carbon dioxide coolant and during with the compressor discharge pressure operation in the critical pressure force that surpasses carbon dioxide, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40 is with the supercritical pressure operation and serve as refrigerant gas cooler, rather than operation is with the carbon dioxide condensation refrigerant vapour.The tube bank 42 of heat dissipation heat exchanger 40 can comprise (for example) plate wing and round bundle, such as the tube bank of conventional pipe and plate fin type heat exchanger, and the perhaps corrugated fin of passage aisle or micro channel heat exchanger and multi-channel flat tube bundle.When passing refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40, cold-producing medium becomes the heat exchanger tube transmission of heat exchange relationship ground by tube bank 42 with a secondary fluid, a secondary fluid is generally surrounding air, be generally outdoor air, by air shifter 44 (such as one or more fans) the suction process tube bank 42 that in operation, is associated with the tube bank 42 of heat dissipation heat exchanger 40.
No matter refrigerant vapor compression system 10 is still striden the critical cycle operation with subcritical cycle, and the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 that is positioned at expansion gear 55 downstreams with respect to flow of refrigerant in refrigerant loop is always with the subcritical pressure boiler operation and serve as evaporimeter.When passing endothermic heat exchanger 50, cold-producing medium becomes the heat exchanger tube transmission of heat exchange relationship ground by tube bank 52 with air to be regulated, air to be regulated is generally to control environment from weather at least in part and aspirates and turn back to the air that weather controls environment, its by air shifter 54 (such as the one or more fans) suction that in operation, is associated with the tube bank 52 of endothermic heat exchanger 50 through tube bank 52, thereby this air is cooled and cold-producing medium is evaporated and overheated usually.The tube bank 52 of cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 can comprise (for example) fin-tube heat exchanger, such as the plate wing of conventional pipe and plate fin type heat exchanger and the corrugated fin and the multi-channel flat tube of round bundle or passage aisle or micro channel heat exchanger.
Refrigerant vapor compression system 10 also comprises refrigerant storage device 60, also is known as receiver, and it limits certain volume, can store variable refrigerant charge in this volume.Receiver 60 becomes fluid flow communication by at least one refrigerant lines with the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system 10.Refrigerant vapor compression system 10 also comprises controller 100, controller 100 is associated in operation with the refrigerant flow control device, and the refrigerant flow control device is inserted in receiver 60 is connected in described at least one refrigerant lines that becomes fluid flow communication with the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system 10.Control flow of refrigerant by optionally opening and closing the refrigerant flow control device be inserted in wherein by this at least one refrigerant lines.
Now referring to Fig. 1, among the embodiment that is described, receiver 60 limits a volume therein, and this volume has inferior segment 63 He Shang districts 67, and liquid refrigerant can be collected in inferior segment 63, and refrigerant vapour can be resident in last district 67.Should be appreciated that under some environment and operating condition, the whole internal volume of receiver 60 can be full of refrigerant vapour.Last district 67 is by the 4 one-tenth refrigerant flow communication of refrigerant lines on the high-pressure side of refrigerant lines 12 and refrigerant vapor compression system 10, that is, with respect to flow of refrigerant in refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40 downstreams and with respect to the position of flow of refrigerant in refrigerant expansion device 55 upstreams.Inferior segment 63 is by the 4 one-tenth refrigerant flow communication of refrigerant lines on the low-pressure side of refrigerant lines 14 and refrigerant vapor compression system 10, that is, with respect to flow of refrigerant in refrigerant expansion device 55 downstreams and with respect to the position of flow of refrigerant in cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 upstreams.In addition, the refrigerant flow control device 65 with open position and closed position is inserted in the refrigerant lines 12, and the refrigerant flow control device 75 with open position and closed position is inserted in the refrigerant lines 14.Should be appreciated that the high-pressure side that can be chosen in refrigerant vapor compression system 10 and any other position on the low-pressure side provide the refrigerant flow communication with receiver 60.
In this embodiment, controller 100 be inserted in refrigerant lines 12 and 14 respectively in corresponding refrigerant flow control device 65 and 75 in each in operation, be associated, so that in the corresponding refrigerant flow control device each optionally is positioned open position or closed position.Necessary according to the expection cold-producing medium blowdown presssure of keeping at the compression set 20 of particular point of operation, controller 100 is adjusted and is cycled through closed-loop refrigerant circuits by refrigerant lines 2,4 and 6 refrigerant charges that limit, this realizes by following manner: volume control device 65 and 75 optionally is positioned between their open positions and closed position separately, cold-producing medium is delivered in the receiver 60 from closed-loop refrigerant circuits, thereby reduce the refrigerant charge that cycles through closed-loop refrigerant circuits, cold-producing medium is delivered in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits from receiver 60, thereby increases the refrigerant charge that cycles through closed-loop refrigerant circuits.Therefore, cold-producing medium is added on the low-pressure side that betides refrigerant vapor compression system 10 in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits, but remove on the high-pressure side that cold-producing medium betides refrigerant vapor compression system 10 from closed-loop refrigerant circuits.
For the closed-loop refrigerant circuits from refrigerant vapor compression system 10 removes cold-producing medium, usually during operation, controller 100 is positioned refrigerant flow control device 65 its open position and refrigerant flow control device 75 is positioned its closed position.Under refrigerant flow control device 65 and 75 situations of so locating, high pressure refrigerant vapor flow into by refrigerant lines 12 from refrigerant lines 4 receiver 60 storage chamber the district 67 in, but can not flow out from receiver 60 by refrigerant lines 14, because refrigerant flow control device 75 is in its closed position.
In order to add cold-producing medium (this can during operation or end cycle period and carry out) to the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system 10, controller 100 is positioned refrigerant flow control device 65 its closed position and refrigerant flow control device 75 is positioned its open position.Under refrigerant flow control device 65 and 75 situations of so locating, cold-producing medium flow in the refrigerant lines 4 by refrigerant lines 14 from the inferior segment 63 of the storage chamber of receiver 60, but high pressure refrigerant vapor can not enter receiver 60, because refrigerant flow control device 65 is in its closed position, thereby stop high pressure refrigerant vapor to flow by refrigerant lines 12.Should be appreciated that the termination cycle period under some environmental condition, can add cold-producing medium or remove cold-producing medium to the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system 10 by refrigerant flow control device 65 and 75 from the closed-loop refrigerant circuits of refrigerant vapor compression system 10.
The storage chamber of receiver 60 will have equalizing pressure, this equalizing pressure is along with the refrigerant amount of wherein storage changes, but in 10 operating periods of refrigerant vapor compression system, always less than the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant lines 4 of evaporator expansion device 55 upstreams and greater than the low-pressure side refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant lines 4 in evaporator expansion device 55 downstreams.In 10 operating periods of refrigerant vapor compression system, can by open simply 65 a period of times of refrigerant flow control device make refrigerant vapour since the pressure reduction between the equalizing pressure in refrigerant lines 12 inserts the storage chamber of the refrigerant pressure of position of refrigerant lines 4 of evaporator expansion device 55 upstreams and receiver 60 flow through refrigerant lines 12 and cold-producing medium removed in the receiver 60 from closed-loop refrigerant circuits.In 10 operating periods of refrigerant vapor compression system, can by open simply refrigerant flow control device 75 make cold-producing medium since the equalizing pressure in the storage chamber of receiver 60 with flow through refrigerant lines 14 at the pressure reduction of refrigerant lines 14 accesses between the refrigerant pressure of the position of the refrigerant lines 4 in evaporator expansion device 55 downstreams cold-producing medium added in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits from receiver 60.
Should be appreciated that the management of this refrigerant charging for refrigerant vapor compression system 10 stride the critical operation particular importance because the temperature of cold-producing medium and pressure are independently of one another, and the high-pressure side optimum pressure under every kind of environmental condition with difference.
Now referring to Fig. 2, in the one exemplary embodiment of the refrigerant vapor compression system of being described therein 10, receiver 60 is not that high-pressure side and low-pressure side with refrigerant vapor compression system 10 connects into refrigerant flow communication, but only connects into refrigerant flow communication with closed-loop refrigerant circuits by the single refrigerant lines 16 that inserts refrigerant lines 4 in the position of refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger 40 downstreams and evaporator expansion valve 55 upstreams on the high-pressure side.Refrigerant flow control device 85 with open position and closed position is inserted in the refrigerant lines 16.Controller 100 is associated so that refrigerant flow control device 85 optionally is positioned open position or closed position in operation with refrigerant flow control device 85.
In this embodiment, necessary according to the expection cold-producing medium blowdown presssure of keeping at the compression set 20 of particular point of operation, controller 100 adjustment cycles through the refrigerant charge that closed-loop refrigerant circuits is limited by refrigerant lines 2,4 and 6, and this realizes in the following manner: refrigerant flow control device 85 optionally is positioned its open position so that vapor refrigerant to be delivered to receiver 60 from closed-loop refrigerant circuits interior or refrigerant vapour is got back in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits from receiver 60; And refrigerant flow control device 85 optionally is positioned its closed position to stop flow of refrigerant by refrigerant lines 16.In 10 operating periods of system, determine refrigerant charges for current operating condition when excessive when controller 100, controller 100 is opened refrigerant flow control device 85 and is flow in the receiver 60 to allow refrigerant vapour.In case reduced refrigerant charge as required, controller 100 cuts out refrigerant flow control device 85, thereby high pressure refrigerant vapor is trapped in the receiver 60.When system 10 is in the termination circulation time, controller 100 can increase the system refrigerant charging amount to allow high pressure refrigerant vapor to escape into by refrigerant lines 16 from receiver 60 to make refrigerant vapour turn back to closed-loop refrigerant circuits in the refrigerant lines 4 of refrigerant loop by opening refrigerant flow control device 85 simply.When controller 100 determined that the system refrigerant charging amount is enough, prevention refrigerant vapour when refrigerant vapor compression system 10 turns back to operation flow in the receiver 60 thereby controller cuts out refrigerant flow control device 85 once more.As mentioned previously like that, any position that the on-position of refrigerant lines 16 can be on the high-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system 10.
Now referring to Fig. 3, in the one exemplary embodiment of described therein refrigerant vapor compression system 10, receiver 16 is not that high-pressure side and low-pressure side with refrigerant vapor compression system 10 all connects into refrigerant flow communication, but only on low-pressure side, connecting into refrigerant flow communication with closed-loop refrigerant circuits by single refrigerant lines 18, this single refrigerant lines 18 inserts refrigerant lines 4 in the position of evaporator expansion valve 55 downstreams and cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger 50 upstreams.Refrigerant flow control device 95 with open position and closed position is inserted in the refrigerant lines 18.Controller 100 is associated so that refrigerant flow control device 95 optionally is positioned open position or closed position in operation with refrigerant flow control device 95.
In this embodiment, necessary according to the expection blowdown presssure of keeping at the compression set 20 of particular point of operation, controller 100 is adjusted and is cycled through the refrigerant charge that closed-loop refrigerant circuits is limited by refrigerant lines 2,4 and 6, this realizes by following manner: refrigerant flow control device 95 optionally is positioned its open position so that liquid refrigerant is delivered in the receiver 60 from closed-loop refrigerant circuits, liquid refrigerant is got back in the closed loop liquid refrigerant loop from receiver 60; And it is mobile to stop cold-producing medium to pass through refrigerant lines 18 that refrigerant flow control device 85 optionally is positioned its closed position.When controller 100 definite refrigerant charges are excessive for current operating condition, controller 100 cuts out refrigerant vapor compression system 10, in the termination cycle period of refrigerant vapor compression system 10, open refrigerant flow control device 95 and flow in the receiver 60 by refrigerant lines 18 to allow cold-producing medium.In case reduced refrigerant charge as required, controller 100 cuts out refrigerant flow control device 95, thereby refrigerant vapour is trapped in the receiver 60, and refrigerant vapor compression system 10 recovers its operation.In 10 operating periods of refrigerant vapor compression system, controller 100 can make cold-producing medium turn back to closed-loop refrigerant circuits to increase the system refrigerant charging amount to allow refrigerant vapour to escape into by refrigerant lines 18 from receiver 60 in the refrigerant lines 4 of closed-loop refrigerant circuits by opening refrigerant flow control device 95 simply.When controller 100 determined that the system refrigerant charging amount is enough, 95 prevention cold-producing mediums flowed from receiver 60 thereby controller cuts out the refrigerant flow control device once more.Equally, any position that the on-position of refrigerant lines 18 can be on the low-pressure side of refrigerant vapor compression system 10.
Refrigerant flow control device 65,75,85 and 95 can comprise any volume control device that optionally is positioned at least the first open position and second closed position, at first open position, cold-producing medium can flow through the refrigerant lines at this volume control device place, in second closed position, stop the refrigerant lines of flow of refrigerant by this volume control device place.For example, each in the volume control device 65,75,85 and 95 can comprise two magnetic valves.In one embodiment, in order to allow to control more accurately the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant storage device 60, flowline 12 and/or 14 can (for example) be equipped with extra aperture or capillary.Aperture or capillary will slow down the transition process of cold-producing medium turnover refrigerant storage device 60, thereby allow to control more accurately the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant storage device.The aperture can be the part of valve constitution or refrigerant flow control device independently.
Refrigerant vapor compression system 10 also can comprise (except other characteristics and selection) economical circulation, has steam is injected into device in the compressor 20.Refrigerant vapor compression system 10 can comprise that also the device that is used for the liquid injection is to provide the cooling to compression processes in the compressor 20.Should be appreciated that a secondary fluid mobile device 44 and 54 also can comprise pump, its circulation such as liquid of water or ethylene glycol solution becomes heat exchange relationship with the cold-producing medium that closed-loop refrigerant circuits by refrigerant vapor compression system 10 circulates.
Just the demonstrate example of the present invention instruction of the description of preamble.Those skilled in the art will recognize that under the situation that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that limit by claims and can make various modifications and variations the specifically described invention of this paper and its equivalent.
Claims (19)
1. refrigerant vapor compression system, it comprises:
Be positioned in closed-loop refrigerant circuits that serial refrigerant flow to be communicated with lower device: compressing apparatus of refrigerant; The refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger, it is used to transmit the high-pressure refrigerant that becomes heat exchange relationship with cooling medium that receives from described compression set; And, the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger, it is used to transmit the low pressure refrigerant that becomes heat exchange relationship with medium to be cooled;
Expansion gear, it is placed in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits in described refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger downstream and described cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger upstream;
Refrigerant storage device, it limits a storage volume, is connected into described closed-loop refrigerant circuits by at least one refrigerant lines to become fluid to be communicated with; And,
The refrigerant flow control device, it is inserted in described at least one refrigerant lines, described refrigerant flow control device has open position and closed position, at open position, cold-producing medium can flow through described at least one refrigerant lines, in the closed position, cold-producing medium is prevented from flowing through described at least one refrigerant lines.
2. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, it also comprises the controller that is associated with described refrigerant flow control device in operation, be used for described refrigerant flow control device optionally is positioned open position or closed position.
3. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, the storage volume that wherein connects described refrigerant storage device becomes described at least one refrigerant lines of fluid connection to comprise with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits:
Position on the high-pressure side of described refrigerant system becomes fluid to be communicated with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits single refrigerant lines.
4. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, the storage volume that wherein connects described refrigerant storage device becomes described at least one refrigerant lines of fluid connection to comprise with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits:
Position on the low-pressure side of described refrigerant system becomes fluid to be communicated with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits single refrigerant lines.
5. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, the storage volume that wherein connects described refrigerant storage device becomes described at least one refrigerant lines of fluid connection to comprise with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits:
The top that first refrigerant lines, its position on the high-pressure side of described refrigerant system connect the storage volume of described refrigerant storage device becomes fluid to be communicated with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits; And
The bottom that second refrigerant lines, its position on the low-pressure side of described refrigerant system connect the storage volume of described refrigerant storage device becomes fluid to be communicated with described closed-loop refrigerant circuits.
6. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 5, the refrigerant flow control device that wherein is inserted in described at least one refrigerant lines comprises:
Be inserted in the first refrigerant flow control device in described first refrigerant lines; And
Be inserted in the second refrigerant flow control device in described second refrigerant lines.
7. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said refrigerant vapor compression system are operated to stride critical cycle in portion of time at least.
8. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold-producing medium that circulates in whole described refrigerant vapor compression system is a carbon dioxide.
9. refrigerant vapor compression system, it comprises:
Be positioned in closed-loop refrigerant circuits that serial refrigerant flow to be communicated with lower device: compressing apparatus of refrigerant, it has cold-producing medium exhaust outlet and refrigerant suction port; The refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger, it is used to transmit the high-pressure refrigerant that becomes heat exchange relationship with cooling medium that receives from described compression set; And, the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger, it is used to transmit the low pressure refrigerant that becomes heat exchange relationship with medium to be cooled;
Expansion gear, it is placed in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits in described refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger downstream and described cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger upstream;
Refrigerant storage device, its qualification has the chamber of going up district and inferior segment, described upward district is connected into the high-pressure side of described closed-loop refrigerant circuits by first refrigerant lines in the position of described expansion gear upstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with, and described inferior segment is connected into the low-pressure side of described closed-loop refrigerant circuits by second refrigerant lines in the position in described expansion gear downstream with respect to flow of refrigerant and becomes fluid to be communicated with.
10. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 9, it also comprises:
Be inserted in the first refrigerant flow control device in described first refrigerant lines; And,
Be inserted in the second refrigerant flow control device in described second refrigerant lines.
11. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 10, each in the wherein said first refrigerant flow control device and the second refrigerant flow control device has open position and closed position.
12. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 11, each in the wherein said first refrigerant flow control device and the second refrigerant flow control device comprises open position and closed position.
13. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 10, it also comprises controller, in described controller and the described first refrigerant flow control device and the second refrigerant flow control device each is associated in operation, is used for that one of the described first refrigerant flow control device and second volume control device optionally are positioned open position and simultaneously another of the described first flow control device and second volume control device optionally is positioned the closed position.
14. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said refrigerant vapor compression system are operated to stride critical cycle in portion of time at least.
15. refrigerant vapor compression system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the cold-producing medium that circulates in whole described refrigerant vapor compression system is a carbon dioxide.
16. one kind is used for managing at least in the method for portion of time with the refrigerant charge of the refrigerant vapor compression system of striding the critical cycle operation, described refrigerant vapor compression system has compressing apparatus of refrigerant, refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger and the cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger that is positioned to the mobile connection of serial refrigerant in closed-loop refrigerant circuits, and be placed in the closed-loop refrigerant circuits at the expansion gear of refrigerant loses heat heat exchanger downstream and cold-producing medium endothermic heat exchanger upstream, said method comprising the steps of:
Optionally extract cold-producing medium from described closed-loop refrigerant circuits;
In refrigerant storage device, store the cold-producing medium that is extracted; And,
Make the cold-producing medium that is extracted turn back to described closed-loop refrigerant circuits from described refrigerant storage device.
17. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
The step of optionally extracting cold-producing medium from described closed-loop refrigerant circuits is to carry out during the operation cycle of described refrigerant vapor compression system; And
Making the cold-producing medium that is extracted also is to carry out during the operation cycle of described refrigerant vapor compression system from the step that described refrigerant storage device turns back to described closed-loop refrigerant circuits.
18. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
The step of optionally extracting cold-producing medium from described closed-loop refrigerant circuits is to carry out during the operation cycle of described refrigerant vapor compression system; And
Making the cold-producing medium that is extracted is to end cycle period at described refrigerant vapor compression system to carry out from the step that described refrigerant storage device turns back to described closed-loop refrigerant circuits.
19. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
The step of optionally extracting cold-producing medium from described closed-loop refrigerant circuits is to carry out in termination cycle period of described refrigerant vapor compression system; And
Making the cold-producing medium that is extracted is to carry out during the operation cycle of described refrigerant vapor compression system from the step that described refrigerant storage device turns back to described closed-loop refrigerant circuits.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US5316908P | 2008-05-14 | 2008-05-14 | |
| US61/053169 | 2008-05-14 | ||
| PCT/US2009/043770 WO2009140370A2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2009-05-13 | Charge management in refrigerant vapor compression systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102132112A true CN102132112A (en) | 2011-07-20 |
Family
ID=41319310
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801170810A Pending CN102132112A (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2009-05-13 | Charge management in refrigerant vapor compression systems |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110041523A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2304345A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2011521194A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102132112A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009140370A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011521194A (en) | 2011-07-21 |
| WO2009140370A2 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
| WO2009140370A3 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
| EP2304345A2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| US20110041523A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| EP2304345A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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