CN108775733B - Transcritical CO2Limit charge amount control method of heat pump system based on safety characteristic - Google Patents
Transcritical CO2Limit charge amount control method of heat pump system based on safety characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN108775733B CN108775733B CN201810343641.5A CN201810343641A CN108775733B CN 108775733 B CN108775733 B CN 108775733B CN 201810343641 A CN201810343641 A CN 201810343641A CN 108775733 B CN108775733 B CN 108775733B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a trans-critical CO2The limit charge control method of the heat pump system based on the safety characteristic comprises the following steps: 1) determining performance parameters of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system: determining CO according to standard working condition of winter heating2The heating capacity of the heat pump system is Q/kW; determination of CO2The charge temperature T/DEG C of the heat pump system; determination of CO2The maximum explosion energy E/kJ which can be borne by the ambient environment of the heat pump system; transcritical CO2The safety limit charge of the heat pump system is obtained by calculating according to the following correlation: the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit charge is as follows: m40≤(0.0001T2Q/3.8kg of-0.008T +03708), T is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃; the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows: m60≤(0.00009T20.0105T +0.6076) Q/3.8kg, T is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃; the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows: m80≤(0.00009T20.0122T + 0.8269). Q/3.8kg, and T is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than or equal to 60 ℃. The invention ensures that the maximum explosion energy of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system is within controllable safety, and prevents the pressure from being released instantaneously when the components of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system are damaged, thereby causing unpredictable damage to the surrounding environment and personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat pumps, and particularly relates to transcritical CO2The heat pump system is based on a method of controlling the limit charge of the safety feature.
Background
With the development of economy, energy becomes the main material basis for human survival and development,in countries of the world, the problem of energy shortage is increasingly obvious and becomes an obstacle to rapid development of economy. Energy conservation and low carbon are taken as the mainstream direction of the current social development, and the development direction of the technical application of various industries is guided. Secondly, environmental problems have also restricted the rapid development of human society, and the damage of the ozone layer and the influence of the traditional refrigerants on global warming are receiving much attention. Transcritical CO2The heat pump system is environment-friendly while providing high-temperature hot water, has the characteristic of energy conservation, is used as a development direction in the field of energy, and has wide development prospect.
Carbon dioxide is used as an environment-friendly working medium, and has no toxicity and flammability, and from the aspects, the safety of the carbon dioxide heat pump unit is higher. However, the pressure of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system is relatively high, the liquid or supercritical working medium with higher pressure has very large explosion potential, and when any part of the unit is damaged or cracked, a large amount of high-pressure liquid working medium or supercritical working medium generates boiling expansion explosion phenomenon. So-called Boiling expansion Explosion, also called (Boiling Liquid expansion valve expansion) BLEVE, is that when the high pressure carbon dioxide container is broken, a large amount of Liquid carbon dioxide or supercritical carbon dioxide pressure is instantaneously released, accompanied by an Explosion shock wave and high-speed sputtering fragments, which often cause harm to the surrounding environment or people. The transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump is mostly used for heating in winter, commercial heating, hot water and other occasions, and due to the intensive construction and personnel in the working area of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump, the damage of explosion to the surrounding environment and personnel is large. Therefore, it is necessary to control the limit charge of the heat pump, and thus the maximum explosive energy of the heat pump under extreme conditions, and to control the extent of harm to the surrounding environment or personnel.
The prior art does not clearly explain this aspect, and a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump is often provided with a liquid storage tank, in which case the influence of the actual charge on the cycle performance of the system is not significant. In practical engineering, the selection of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump charge generally only considers the performance of the circulation system, and is obtained empirically, while the limit charge in consideration of the safety level is ignored. There is a great safety risk that damage to the surrounding environment and personnel is unpredictable in the event of a momentary explosion of carbon dioxide having a large liquid or supercritical state. This will result in limited application of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pumps in personnel-intensive areas.
The safety of the trans-critical carbon dioxide is ensured, and the method has important significance for protecting the surrounding environment and personnel of the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump working area; the method has important significance for popularization and application of the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump and similar application systems. Thus, the method is more significant in the whole social background of energy conservation and under the condition that the ecological environment is urgently protected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safety-characteristic-based limit filling amount control method for a transcritical CO2 heat pump system, which ensures that the maximum explosion energy of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system is within controllable safety, and prevents the unpredictable damage to the surrounding environment and personnel caused by the instant release of pressure when the components of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system are damaged. The present invention is based on the safety feature of giving a transcritical CO2 heat pump system a limit charge that cannot be exceeded during adjustment of the heat pump charge to adjust performance, or that would create an uncontrolled risk in the event of component breakage. The invention can effectively select the limit filling amount of the heat pump with different performance parameters according to the bearable capacity of the surrounding environment so as to achieve the aim of safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
transcritical CO2The limit charge control method of the heat pump system based on the safety characteristic comprises the following steps:
1) determining performance parameters of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system:
determining CO according to standard working condition of winter heating2Heating capacity of heat pump systemQ/kW；
Determination of CO2Charge temperature of heat pump systemT/˚C；
Determination of CO2Maximum explosion energy which can be borne by the surrounding environment of the heat pump systemE/kJ；
Transcritical CO2The safety limit charge of the heat pump system is obtained by calculating according to the following correlation:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit charge is as follows:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤Tless than or equal to 60 ℃, and the unit of the limit filling amount is kg.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
2) transcritical CO2The heat pump system operates in a closed space, and the limit filling amount of the heat pump system simultaneously meets the following requirements: m is less than or equal to 0.0668 ∙V sWherein, in the step (A),V sis the volume m of the enclosed space3。
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
3) transcritical CO2The heat pump system is provided with a liquid storage tank, and the limit filling amount of the heat pump system meets the following requirements at the same time:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269) ∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
whereinV cIs the volume L of the liquid storage tank.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
4) if critical CO2The heat pump system can bear the maximum explosion energy of 40kJ < E < 60kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-40)/20∙M 60+(60-E)/20∙M 40；
if critical CO2The heat pump system can bear the maximum explosion energy of 60kJ < E < 80kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-60)/20∙M 80+(80-E)/20∙M 60。
further, charging the transcritical CO2 heat pump system with CO equal to or less than the limit charge based on the determined limit charge2。
Further, the transcritical CO2 heat pump system comprises a compressor, a gas cooler, a throttling device, an evaporator and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
the existing method for controlling the charging amount of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump is focused on the performance judgment level, or is a charging amount control method based on the performance judgment, or how to effectively charge. At present, relevant patents in the aspect of safety of carbon dioxide heat pumps are not considered, although carbon dioxide is non-toxic and non-flammable, the operating pressure of the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump is high, pressure is released instantly due to breakage of any part, a large amount of liquid working medium or supercritical working medium releases pressure in a short time, huge shock waves are caused, and explosion shock waves can cause great damage to the surrounding environment and personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a control method for the limit charging amount of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump based on the safety aspect, so as to ensure that the explosion energy of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump in the extreme state is within the safety range. The method has an important effect on the application safety of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump and has an important effect on the further popularization and application of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system cycle diagram of a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a safety-characteristic-based limit filling amount control method for a transcritical CO2 heat pump system, which is based on a transcritical CO2 heat pump system and includes a compressor 1, a gas cooler 3, a throttling device 5, an evaporator 2 and a liquid storage tank 4, which are connected in sequence. Although carbon dioxide is non-toxic and non-flammable, the pressure of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system is relatively high, once any part is broken, a large amount of liquid working medium or supercritical working medium releases pressure instantly, explosion shock waves are generated, and unpredictable damage is caused to the surrounding environment and personnel, so that the charging amount of carbon dioxide in the transcritical CO2 heat pump system needs to be controlled, and in an extreme case, the explosion hazard of the carbon dioxide is within a safe range. At present, in the charging process of the heat pump, the charging amount is generally selected only by considering the influence on the performance, and through means such as experimental debugging and the like. Neglecting safety considerations, the prior art only considers the influence of the charge on the degree of damage in the case of component breakage, but does not consider the high pressure of the CO2 heat pump, which is destructive in the case of explosion, in terms of structural strength of the equipment, and therefore it is necessary to provide a limit charge in different ranges based on safety considerations, so that this charge cannot be exceeded during performance regulation. The invention determines the limit filling amount of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system through the following steps:
the first step is as follows:
firstly, sequentially determining the performance parameters of the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump system:
1. according toDetermination of CO under standard working condition of heating in winter2Heating capacity of heat pump systemQ/kW；
2. Determination of CO2Charge temperature of heat pump systemT/˚C；
3. Determination of CO2Maximum explosion energy which can be borne by the surrounding environment of the heat pump systemE/kJ；
4. Transcritical CO2The safety limit charge of the heat pump system is obtained by calculation according to the following correlation formula, wherein the following correlation formula is obtained by establishing a three-dimensional database which takes concentration and temperature as interval variables and takes explosion energy as variables to generate values; then, the concentration and temperature functional relations of all explosion energies of 40kJ, 60kJ and 80kJ are sequentially determined, the ratio of the heating capacity of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump to the working volume of the heat pump is 3.8, and therefore, the correlation of the charging quantity with respect to the charging temperature and the heating capacity of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump can be obtained, and the correlation is sequentially as follows:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit charge is as follows:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the unit of the limit charge is kg.
The second step is that: considering the carbon dioxide heat pump system operating in the closed space, the carbon dioxide is leaked under the unknown condition, and the experimenter can suffocate or even die when entering the closed space. Thus, considering that under extreme conditions, the carbon dioxide is totally leaked, the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the closed space is less than the limit concentration which can be accepted by human body. The density of the carbon dioxide is sealed under the atmospheric pressure in consideration of the fact that the carbon dioxide is totally leaked to the closed large spaceAnd calculating the degree, wherein the limit charge of the heat pump system simultaneously meets the following requirements: m is less than or equal to 0.0668 ∙V sWhereinV sIs the volume m of the enclosed space3。
The third step: the carbon dioxide heat pump is in a shutdown state, the working medium is migrated, a large amount of liquid working medium flows into the liquid storage tank, and under the extreme condition, all the working medium is migrated to the liquid storage tank, even if under the condition, the liquid storage tank is damaged, the caused explosion energy is also in a safety range, and the limit filling amount of the trans-critical carbon dioxide heat pump system simultaneously meets the following requirements:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269) ∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
whereinV cIs the volume L of the liquid storage tank.
The limit charge is simultaneously satisfied with the limit charges determined in the above three steps.
Fourthly, if the finally determined safe explosion energy limit of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump is not the three conditions mentioned in the first step, the limit charge is given by the following formula:
can bear the maximum explosion energy of 40kJ <ELess than 60kJ, the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-40)/20∙M 60+(60-E)/20∙M 40；
the maximum bearable explosion energy is more than 60kJ and less than E and less than 80kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-60)/20∙M 80+(80-E)/20∙M 60。
Claims (4)
1. transcritical CO2The limit charge control method of the heat pump system based on the safety characteristic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining performance parameters of the transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump system:
determining CO according to standard working condition of winter heating2Heating capacity of heat pump systemQ/kW；
Determination of CO2Charge temperature of heat pump systemT/˚C；
Determination of CO2Maximum explosion energy which can be borne by the surrounding environment of the heat pump systemE/kJ；
Transcritical CO2The safety limit charge of the heat pump system is obtained by calculating according to the following correlation:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit charge is as follows:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269)∙Q/3.8 ，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C；
2) transcritical CO2The heat pump system runs in a closed space, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the closed space is less than the limit concentration which can be borne by a human body, and the limit filling amount simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: m is less than or equal to 0.0668 ∙V sWherein, in the step (A),V sis the volume m of the enclosed space3；
3) Transcritical CO2The heat pump system is provided with a liquid storage tank, all working media are transferred to the liquid storage tank when the carbon dioxide heat pump is in a shutdown state, and the limit filling amount simultaneously satisfies the following conditions:
the maximum explosion energy is 40kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M 40≤(0.0001T 2-0.008T+03708)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 60kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 60≤(0.00009T 2-0.0105T+0.6076)∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
the maximum explosion energy is 80kJ, and the limit filling amount is as follows:
M 80≤(0.00009T 2-0.0122T+0.8269) ∙V c，0 ˚C≤T≤60˚C
whereinV cThe volume L of the liquid storage tank and the unit of the limit filling amount is kg.
2. A transcritical CO according to claim 12The limit charge control method of the heat pump system based on the safety characteristic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
4) if critical CO2The heat pump system can bear the maximum explosion energy of 40kJ < E < 60kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-40)/20∙M 60+(60-E)/20∙M 40；
if critical CO2The heat pump system can bear the maximum explosion energy of 60kJ < E < 80kJ, and the limit filling amount meets the following requirements:
M≤(E-60)/20∙M 80+(80-E)/20∙M 60。
3. a transcritical CO according to claim 1 or 22A limit charge control method of a heat pump system based on safety characteristics is characterized in that a transcritical CO2 heat pump system is charged with CO equal to or less than a limit charge according to the determined limit charge2。
4. Root of herbaceous plantA transcritical CO according to claim 1 or 22The limit filling amount control method based on the safety characteristic of the heat pump system is characterized in that the transcritical CO2 heat pump system comprises a compressor (1), a gas cooler (3), a throttling device (5), an evaporator (2) and a liquid storage tank (4) which are sequentially connected.
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