CN102124237A - 风力涡轮机转子和校准转子叶片桨距的方法 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机转子和校准转子叶片桨距的方法 Download PDF

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CN102124237A
CN102124237A CN2009801315326A CN200980131532A CN102124237A CN 102124237 A CN102124237 A CN 102124237A CN 2009801315326 A CN2009801315326 A CN 2009801315326A CN 200980131532 A CN200980131532 A CN 200980131532A CN 102124237 A CN102124237 A CN 102124237A
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rotor blade
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N·E·丹尼尔森
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/008—Identification means, e.g. markings, RFID-tags; Data transfer means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/809—Encoders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

一种风力涡轮机转子包括轮毂，所述轮毂具有安装到所述轮毂的轴承上的转子叶片，其中，转子叶片具有相对于所述轮毂的旋转轴线在径向方向延伸的纵向轴线，所述转子叶片可绕其纵向轴线旋转，因而所述转子叶片的桨距是可调整的。所述转子叶片具有绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线在预定角位置固定在所述转子叶片上的标记，诸如RFID标记，传感器固定在所述轮毂上，所述传感器用于当所述标记处于绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置时无接触地感测所述标记。因此可以对转子叶片桨距进行重复和精确的校准。

Description

风力涡轮机转子和校准转子叶片桨距的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮发电机，具体来说，涉及到具有可变桨距的转子叶片的桨距角的校准。
背景技术
现代风力涡轮发电机通常具有变桨距的转子叶片，即转子叶片能够相对其纵向轴线转动。这样做是为了优化风力涡轮发电机和转子以及单个转子叶片的运行特性。转子叶片桨距可以根据实际工作情况如风速和风力涡轮发电机的负载进行调整，以及转子叶片桨距可以在转子的每次旋转期间对单个转子叶片分别进行调整。
将转子叶片桨距准确调整到要求的转子叶片桨距角是重要的，这是为了实现整个系统和各转子叶片的正常运行。这要求转子叶片桨距角合适的校准。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于风力涡轮发电机的转子，它可以根据合适的末端翼弦(tip chord)对转子叶片桨距角进行重复和精确地校准。本发明另外一个目的是提供一种校准用于风力涡轮发电机的转子叶片桨距角的方法。
发明内容
因此本发明提供一种风力涡轮机转子包括轮毂，所述轮毂具有安装到所述轮毂的轴承上的转子叶片，其中转子叶片具有相对于所述轮毂的旋转轴线在径向方向延伸的纵向轴线，所述转子叶片可绕其纵向轴线旋转，因而所述转子叶片的桨距是可调整的，所述转子叶片具有绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线在预定角位置固定在所述转子叶片上的标记；以及传感器被固定在所述轮毂上，所述传感器用于当所述标记处于绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置时无接触地感测所述标记。
这种转子用于重复和精确地校准风力涡轮机转子叶片的桨距角。当转子叶片桨距需要校准时，转子叶片绕其纵向轴线转动，直到标记处于相对于转子叶片纵向轴线的预定角位置，这个角位置是传感器感测标记的地方。传感器接着输出相应的信号到控制器，控制器将感测的角位置作为用于校准转子叶片桨距角的基准角位置。
标记被无接触地检测，即没有机械接触，标记能够被例如磁性地或者光学地检测。可磁性检测的标记可以包括磁铁，并且用于检测它的传感器包括诸如簧片元件、霍耳效应元件和感应线圈等的元件。可光学检测的标记可以包括具有光学特性的区域，其不同于周围区域。这种光学特性的例子是颜色、对比度、反射度以及折射和衍射的特性。
然而，优选的是射频识别(RFID)标记，这种标记具有射频可检测到的与转子叶片有关诸如序号的数据、及其他生产数据、物理数据，诸如转子叶片的类型、长度、修订号、重量和重心、转动惯量、标记相对于末端翼弦的角向偏移等。标记的角位置可以是转子叶片的末端翼弦角或是一种与末端翼弦角已知的关系，因此转子叶片的末端翼弦角可以根据检测到的标记的位置确定。
本发明还提供一种具有这种转子的风力涡轮发电机，这种转子在轮毂上安装有一个或多个转子叶片，使得每个转子叶片的桨距角通过转子叶片绕其纵向轴线转动是可调整的，对于每个转子叶片转子具有固定在轮毂上的传感器，用于确定标记相对转子叶片纵向轴线的预定角位置，例如标记和传感器的径向对准。标记和传感器的径向对准处的叶片桨距角可以作为用于校准转子叶片的桨距角的基准桨距角。标记优选地位于转子叶片的末端翼弦角的角位置，或是一种与末端翼弦角已知的关系，因此转子叶片的末端翼弦角可以被确定。
本发明的目的是更容易和更快的运行风力涡轮机。进一步，防止由于转子叶片桨距没有校准导致涡轮机空气动力不平衡地运行。这种不平衡能够引起涡轮机额外的疲劳应力并且在极限情况下导致重大故障。
在基部(或根部)具有例如2m直径的用于风力涡轮发电机的转子叶片上，绕纵向轴线旋转1度的对应于在圆周方向上绕基部的17mm距离。标记诸如靠近基部的RFID标记的位置可以用比该距离更高的精度被检测。这即暗示着转子叶片桨距角可以对应的准确度例如不到1度的精确度被校准。
附图说明
图1是沿风力涡轮发电机轮毂部分的轴向截面剖视图，在轮毂上安装有转子叶片，和
图2是沿着图1中箭头II-II线指示方向的剖视图，其穿过转子叶片的根部。
具体实施方式
图1是沿风力涡轮发电机的轮毂100的剖视图。转子叶片200通过转子叶片轴承210装配到轮毂上。叶片轴承210具有轴承内圈211和轴承外圈212，轴承内圈211通过螺栓214固定到叶片200的基部端，轴承外圈212通过螺栓215固定到轮毂100上。叶片轴承210以及其轴承内圈211和轴承外圈212也在图2中示出。在轴承内圈211和轴承外圈212之间是球或滚子213，因而轴承内圈211、轴承外圈212以及球或滚子213构成用于转子叶片200球轴承或滚子轴承，使转子叶片能够相对其纵向轴线201转动以便调整转子叶片桨距角。用于调整转子叶片桨距角的装置没有示出但是可以包括例如电动或液压驱动装置。
靠近转子叶片200的基部具有附着于其外表面的射频识别(RFID)标记220。在外圈212上装有传感器221，传感器221通过标记220和传感器221的径向对准感测标记220相对于转子叶片200的纵向轴线201所在的角位置。传感器电缆222将传感器221连接到用于处理来自传感器的信号的控制装置(没有示出)。轮毂上具有凹槽以保证传感器被安装在一对专用的螺栓215上。这将保证传感器仅能够安装在正确的位置上。
运行时轮毂将绕其旋转轴线转动，该轴线如果画在图1中将是水平的。控制器(没有示出)控制致动机构(没有示出)将转子叶片200安装在其上的轴承内圈211转动到要求的转子叶片桨距角，即末端翼弦相对于与轮毂的旋转轴线垂直的平面的角。末端翼弦是在转子叶片的末端的线形部分，它的方向定义为在末端的转子叶片的前缘与后缘之间的方向。
转子叶片桨距角的校准可以在当转子叶片200在一角位置时进行，在该角位置标记200与传感器221径向对准或在其周围的狭窄角区间内。在这样的位置转子叶片具有已知的桨距角，例如零度，控制器将这个角作为基准角并根据这个基准角计算转子叶片桨距角的变化。
标记220和传感器221径向对准的转子叶片的角位置可以在风力涡轮发电机的运行过程中定期地一次或几次获得，或者它可以为了校准转子叶片桨距角通过控制器获得。因此，转子叶片桨距角的可靠校准可以快速地、重复地并且如通常所需的简单方式执行。

Claims (6)

1.一种风力涡轮机转子，包括轮毂，所述轮毂具有安装到所述轮毂的轴承上的转子叶片，其中：
-转子叶片具有相对于所述轮毂的旋转轴线在径向方向延伸的纵向轴线，所述转子叶片可绕其纵向轴线旋转，因而所述转子叶片的桨距是可调整的，所述转子叶片具有绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线在预定角位置固定在所述转子叶片上的标记；
以及
-固定在所述轮毂上的传感器，所述传感器用于当所述标记处于绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置时无接触地感测所述标记。
2.如权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述标记是射频识别(RFID)标记。
3.如权利要求2所述的转子，其特征在于，所述标记具有与所述转子叶片有关的数据，所述数据可通过与所述标记的射频交互作用读取。
4.根据上述任一权利要求所述的转子，其特征在于，所述标记绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置确定所述转子叶片的末端翼弦角。
5.一种风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-4任一所述的转子。
6.一种校准如权利要求书5所述的风力涡轮发电机的转子叶片的桨距角的方法，所述方法包括：
-绕其纵向轴线转动所述转子叶片，以获得所述标记绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置；以及
-将所述标记绕所述转子叶片的纵向轴线的预定角位置设置为基准桨距角。
CN2009801315326A 2008-08-13 2009-08-12 风力涡轮机转子和校准转子叶片桨距的方法 Pending CN102124237A (zh)

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CN103452754A (zh) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-18 北京三一自动化技术有限责任公司 风力发电机的桨叶零点设定方法
CN104541051A (zh) * 2012-06-22 2015-04-22 Lmwp专利控股有限公司 在安装风力涡轮机叶片时提供精确对准的系统和方法
CN105089931A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 通用电气公司 风机及其叶片对准方法
CN109153150A (zh) * 2017-03-10 2019-01-04 Gfsi集团有限责任公司 风力涡轮机叶片回收

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