CN102122104A - Optical deflecting device - Google Patents
Optical deflecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102122104A CN102122104A CN2010105689953A CN201010568995A CN102122104A CN 102122104 A CN102122104 A CN 102122104A CN 2010105689953 A CN2010105689953 A CN 2010105689953A CN 201010568995 A CN201010568995 A CN 201010568995A CN 102122104 A CN102122104 A CN 102122104A
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical deflecting device, which is provided with: a liquid crystal layer; a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate mutually oppositely disposed and clamping the liquid crystal layer; a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode respectively formed at a liquid crystal layer side of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate and applying voltage to the liquid crystal layer; and a prism layer formed at a liquid crystal layer side of either the first transparent substrate or the second transparent substrate, the liquid crystal layer comprises liquid crystal molecules with anisotrophy of dielectric constant be positive, a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer observed from normal directions of the first and second transparent substrates is an average value (2 no+ne)/3 of an ordinary ray refractive index no and an extraordinary ray refractive index ne in a state that voltage is not applied, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is close to the ordinary ray refractive index no via applying of voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to change the light-deflection apparatus of light deflection of the direct of travel of light.
Background technology
As the luminous intensity distribution handoff technique of the headlamp of vehicle etc., proposing has the technology that adopts liquid crystal optical device.
TOHKEMY 2006-147377 communique discloses the technology that liquid crystal cell (cell) that the inside surface that uses a substrate in a pair of substrate is formed with prism carries out light deflection.By at the state that does not apply voltage with apply between the state of voltage and switch the variations in refractive index that makes liquid crystal layer, thereby change the direct of travel of light.Yet, in the disclosed technology of TOHKEMY 2006-147377 communique, only make the polarized light component deflection of the side in two polarized light components incident light, that the polarization direction is mutually orthogonal that incide liquid crystal cell.
TOHKEMY 2009-26641 communique discloses and has utilized two liquid crystal cells preparing at each polarization direction to make the technology of both sides' polarized light component deflection.
Wish that a useful liquid crystal cell makes polarized light component technology of deflection all of the both sides of incident light.
In addition, shown in TOHKEMY 2003-327966 communique, in recent years, as liquid crystal material, carried out research, proposed the technology that the appearance temperature range of the blue phase of courage steroid is enlarged by polymer-stabilized processing the blue phase of courage steroid (コ レ ス テ リ Star Network Block Le one phase).
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention can utilize a liquid crystal cell two polarized light components of institute's quadrature of incident light to be changed the light deflection of the direct of travel of light for a kind of light-deflection apparatus is provided.
Another object of the present invention is for providing a kind of light-deflection apparatus of novelty.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of light-deflection apparatus, this light-deflection apparatus has: liquid crystal layer; First and second transparency carriers, mutual arranged opposite of described first and second transparency carriers and the described liquid crystal layer of clamping; First and second transparency electrodes, described first and second transparency electrodes are formed at the described liquid crystal layer side of described first and second transparency carriers respectively and described liquid crystal layer are applied voltage; And layers of prisms, described layers of prisms is formed at the described liquid crystal layer side of a side in described first and second transparency carriers, and, it is positive liquid crystal molecule that described liquid crystal layer comprises dielectric constant anisotropy, not applying under the voltage status, make the refractive index of described liquid crystal layer near described ordinary ray refractive index n o from the refractive index of the observed described liquid crystal layer of normal direction of described first and second transparency carriers by applying voltage to the mean value (2no+ne)/3 of ordinary ray refractive index n o and special ray refractive index n e.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the first embodiment of the present invention summarily is shown.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the cross sectional shape of the summary stereographic map of layers of prisms and prism.
Fig. 3 is the summary vertical view of the layers of prisms on the glass substrate.
Fig. 4 is the light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment photo when applying voltage and when not applying voltage.
Fig. 5 is the transverse sectional view that the lighting device of application examples summarily is shown.
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B be respectively the application examples that the light deflection liquid crystal cell that adopts first embodiment summarily is shown lighting device, when applying voltage and the synoptic diagram of the projection image when not applying voltage.
Fig. 7 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of second embodiment summarily is shown.
Fig. 8 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment summarily is shown.
Fig. 9 is the summary stereographic map that the structure of blue phase (blue phase I) is shown.
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B be respectively the application examples that the light deflection liquid crystal cell that has adopted the 3rd embodiment summarily is shown lighting device, when not applying voltage and the synoptic diagram of the projection image when applying voltage.
Figure 11 is the summary cut-open view that the light-deflection apparatus of variation is shown.
Figure 12 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 4th embodiment summarily is shown.
Embodiment
At first, structure and the method for making to the described smooth deflection liquid crystal cell of the first embodiment of the present invention describes.
Fig. 1 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment summarily is shown.Prepared to be formed with a pair of glass substrate (being formed with the glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 11 that is formed with transparency electrode 12 of transparency electrode 2) of transparency electrode.Glass substrate the 1, the 11st, alkali-free glass, thickness is respectively 0.7 mmt.Transparency electrode 2,12 is formed by indium tin oxide (ITO), and thickness is respectively 150nm.
The pattern of preferably clear electrode 2,12 forms the flat shape of expection.The ITO film can be by for example using iron chloride wet etching (wet etching) or laser method that unnecessary ITO film is removed form pattern.
On the transparency electrode 2 of one-sided glass substrate 1, be formed with layers of prisms 3.Layers of prisms 3 forms the shape of arranging prism 3a on basalis 3b.The thickness of basalis 3b for example is about 2 μ m～3 μ m.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the cross sectional shape of the summary stereographic map of layers of prisms 3 and prism 3a.Each prism 3a is that drift angle is that 75 °, base angle are the triangular column of 15 ° and 90 °, and a plurality of prism 3a are along arranging with the direction (prism Width) of prism length direction quadrature.The height of prism 3a is about 5.2 μ m, and the length on the base of prism 3a (spacing of prism) is 20 μ m.
Preferable material to layers of prisms 3 describes.On layers of prisms 3, in the operation of back, be formed with vertical orientation films 4 such as polyimide.In order to form the high vertical orientation film of reliability, preferably under the high temperature that is about 160 ℃～220 ℃ (for example 180 ℃), heat-treat.Therefore, expectation obtains the prism material that in the thermal treatment of high temperature characteristic is difficult for deterioration.
The present application person carries out two hours thermal treatment to multiple prism material respectively with 220 ℃, and has estimated the difference of the transmissivity of the visible region before and after the thermal treatment.Consequently, find the ultraviolet ray (UV) of acrylic compounds though curable resin reduces a little in the short wavelength side transmissivity, yet its in whole visible wavelength region roughly, show with thermal treatment before equal transmissivity, hence one can see that can make characteristic (transmissivity) change to reduce.In addition, in this manual, " characteristic (transmissivity) change little " refer to the visible region (characteristic (transmissivity) of wavelength 380nm～780nm) change with thermal treatment before compare about 2% with interior state.
Acrylic compounds UV curable resin not only has thermotolerance, and also outstanding to the fitting tightly property of glass, and has the character that is difficult for fitting tightly with metal (release property is good), thereby its prism material as embodiment is preferred as can be known.In addition, the thermotolerance of the resin of epoxies is also more outstanding, can consider that it uses as prism material.In addition, also can use polyimide.
Fig. 3 is the summary vertical view of the layers of prisms 3 on the glass substrate 1.Method for making to layers of prisms 3 describes.Acrylic compounds UV curable resin 3R drips on the transparency electrode 2 of glass substrate 1, mould (the overall dimensions: vertical 80mm * horizontal 80mm), and dispose the thicker quartz member of feel at the dorsal part of glass substrate and wait and carry out punching press under the state of strengthening of the shape (type) that is used to form layers of prisms 3 is placed in thereon precalculated position.The amount of dripping of UV curable resin 3R is adjusted to size (prism forms the scope in the zone) coupling with prism.
In punching press and place more than one minute, the UV curable resin is fully expanded after, from the backside illuminated ultraviolet ray of glass substrate 1, so that the UV curable resin solidifies.The ultraviolet irradiation amount is 20J/cm
2, the ultraviolet irradiation amount is suitably set so that resin solidification gets final product.In addition, because indium tin oxide (ITO) absorbs ultraviolet ray, if therefore the thickness of transparency electrode changes, possible ultraviolet irradiation amount also will change.In addition, also can on the prismatic shape die for forming, form the small groove that exhaust is used.In addition, mould is overlapped in a vacuum with substrate.
Then, utilize cleaning machine that the glass substrate 1 that is formed with layers of prisms 3 is cleaned.Carry out successively: use the scrubbing of alkaline detergent, pure water cleaning, air blast, ultraviolet ray (UV) irradiation and infrared (IR) drying.Cleaning method is not limited thereto, and also can carry out high-pressure injection cleaning, plasma cleaning etc.
Get back to Fig. 1 and proceed explanation.On the transparency electrode 12 of the opposing party's glass substrate 11, be formed with vertical orientation film 13 by polyimide etc.Herein, the SE-4811 that daily output chemistry is produced forms the thickness of 80nm by flexible printing, and fires 1.5 hours with 180 ℃.
And, on the layers of prisms 3 of glass substrate 1, be formed with vertical orientation film 4 by polyimide etc.Herein, will produce the thickness of the SE-4811 of chemistry product daily, and fired 1.5 hours with 180 ℃ by flexible printing formation 80nm.In addition, the formation method of vertical orientation film 4,13 also can adopt ink-jet (inkjet), spin coating (spin coat), slit coating (slit coat), slit and spin coated (slit and spin coat) etc.
Then, on the glass substrate 1 of layers of prisms 3 sides, formed the primary seal agent that contains the clearance control that percentage by weight is 2wt%～5wt% (gap control) material.The formation method can adopt screen printing or use the mediation device.Select gap control material so that comprise that the thickness of (from the basalis 3b's of prism) liquid crystal layer 15 of the height of prism 3a for example is 10 μ m～20 μ m.
Herein, select diameter be the baton round that produces of the ponding chemistry of 30 μ m as gap control material, and its weight ratio with 4wt% added among the sealant ES-7500 that Mitsui Chemicals produces, thereby obtains primary seal agent 16.
On the opposing party's glass substrate 11, using the gap spreading machine of dry type to scatter diameter is that the baton round that produces of the ponding chemistry of 17 μ m is as gap control material 14.
Then, two glass substrates 1,11 are overlapped, and heat-treat utilizing stamping machine etc. to apply under the state of certain pressure, thereby the primary seal agent is solidified.Herein, with 150 ℃ of thermal treatments of having carried out 3 hours.
Vacuum is injected liquid crystal in the sylphon of so producing (empty セ Le), thereby forms liquid crystal layer 15.After injecting liquid crystal, seal at inlet coating terminal sealant.After sealing,, adjust the orientation state of liquid crystal molecule with 120 ℃ of thermal treatments of carrying out 1 hour.So just produced the light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment.In addition, the formation method of liquid crystal layer is not limited to vacuum and injects, and for example also can adopt a filling (ODF:One Drop Fill) method.
In first embodiment, it is the liquid crystal (Δ n=0.298) that positive big Japanese ink chemical industry (big Japanese イ Application キ chemical industry) produces that liquid crystal adopts dielectric constant anisotropy Δ ε, and the hand that interpolation メ Le Network company produces is levied (chiral) agent S-811.Hand is levied agent to be added the hand of mother liquor when brilliant to the weight ratio of 9.4wt% to levy pitch is about 1 μ m.
Levy the interpolation concentration of agent by changing hand, can change hand and levy pitch.The interpolation concentration that hand is levied agent is low more, and then to levy pitch long more for hand.Making is sold and is levied the sample that pitch is 1 μ m, 2 μ m, 3 μ m, 5 μ m and 9 μ m.
The liquid crystal cell of first embodiment because vertical orientation film and hand are levied the effect of agent, shows screw axis Jiao parallel with substrate and bores attitude when not applying voltage.The degree of the light scattering when not applying voltage is levied pitch difference difference because of hand.Levy pitch when being 1 μ m when hand, show as weak scattering, and levy pitch when 2 μ m are above when hand, scattering disappears substantially.
The screw axis of burnt awl attitude is parallel with substrate, yet owing to be in the vertical orientation of not implementing the orientation processing, so the orientation of screw axis is at random in real estate.Therefore, when not applying voltage, be the ordinary ray refractive index n o of employed liquid crystal material and the mean value (2no+ne)/3 of special ray refractive index n e from the refractive index of the observed liquid crystal layer of substrate normal direction.
Liquid crystal molecule towards certain direction, is different with respect to the molecule alignment direction of polarization direction at each tiny area in atomic zonule.Yet the sensing degree (director level) of this tiny area and liquid crystal (can determine the degree of size of the refractive index of light) is compared fully little, and the liquid crystal alignment direction with smaller or equal to light wavelength, the very short cycle changes.Therefore, in the sensing degree of liquid crystal, there be not the dependence of refractive index to polarized light on a rough averageization of liquid crystal alignment direction.
On the other hand, when applying enough voltage, by positive dielectric constant anisotropy, vertical plane (homeotropic) state that most liquid crystal molecule is shown as erect to the substrate vertical direction, therefore the refractive index from the observed liquid crystal layer of basic normal direction is that ordinary ray refractive index n o does not rely on polarized light.The vertical plane state shows as transparent outward appearance.
The ordinary ray refractive index n o of the liquid crystal material of first embodiment is 1.525, and special ray refractive index n e is 1.823.Therefore, it is 1.624 that the Jiao of refractive index when not applying voltage that can estimate the light of advancing along the substrate normal direction bores in the liquid crystal layer of attitude, is 1.525 in the liquid crystal layer of the vertical plane state when applying voltage, and does not rely on the polarization direction.In addition, the refractive index of the prism material of embodiment is 1.51.
The liquid crystal cell of first embodiment liquid crystal layer when not applying voltage is different with the refractive index of layers of prisms, therefore incident light deflection under the effect of prism.On the other hand, when applying voltage, the refractive index of liquid crystal layer and layers of prisms becomes about equally (on an equal basis), and the basic original state of incident light is kept straight on unchangeably.And such effect does not rely on the polarization of incident light direction.
Fig. 4 show side by side first embodiment light deflection liquid crystal cell (hand is levied the sample that pitch is 2 μ m) apply voltage the time photo (upside) and the photo (downside) when not applying voltage, and show the state of observing straight line through light deflection liquid crystal cell.
Show the part (the evaluation object part that the following describes) of burnt awl attitude when being formed with prism and not applying voltage shown in the square frame in the zone.This regional upside is the part that does not form prism, though yet this regional downside is to be formed with prism not show as the burnt part (the more weak part of restraint that is considered to vertical orientation) of boring attitude but carrying out scattering when not applying voltage.
Shown in the upside of Fig. 4 apply voltage the time, therefore the transmission of keeping straight on unchangeably of light original state has observed the original state of straight line.And shown in the downside of Fig. 4 do not apply voltage the time, form part at prism to locate light and be twisted, as lateral excursion.Bore the scattering of the picture that attitude causes though can see Jiao when not applying voltage, yet described scattering is considerably less.
Made the lighting device that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment and light sources is merged the application examples of the headlamp that is assumed to be vehicle.
Fig. 5 is the transverse sectional view (vertical view cutaway drawing) that the lighting device of application examples summarily is shown.Light source 21 adopts high brightness (Hui degree) discharge (HID) lamp.The light that is radiated by light source 21 is reflected by elliptic reflector 22, and is concentrated on the lampshade 23 at the focus place that is configured in ellipse catoptron 22.See through lampshade 23 light utilize lens 24 roughly to become directional light, incide the light deflection liquid crystal cell 25 of first embodiment then.Light penetrates from lighting device through light deflection liquid crystal cell 25.The voltage that light deflection liquid crystal cell 25 is applied is switched by control device 26.
Light deflection liquid crystal cell 25 is configured to from headlamp top view (with respect to ground), and the prism length direction is in level.And prism side is set at light source 21 sides (but, even prism side is arranged at and light source 21 opposite sides, the light deflecting action can not change yet).
Levying pitch with hand is the application examples that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of 1 μ m, 2 μ m, 3 μ m, 5 μ m and 9 μ m is made lighting device respectively, and observes when not applying voltage and the projection image when applying voltage.At first, the adversary to levy pitch be that the observations of the sample of 2 μ m describes.
Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B summarily illustrate when applying voltage respectively and the synoptic diagram of the projection image when not applying voltage.As shown in Figure 6A, with sufficient voltage (for example 20V) when applying voltage, projection goes out clearly by pattern (cutoff pattern) (being equivalent to dipped beam (low-beam)).Light can be as veiling glare etc. to unnecessary direction scattering.
Shown in Fig. 6 B, by not applying voltage, projection image has been moved upward about 3 ° under keeping the state of size roughly the same when applying voltage and (has been equivalent to distance light (high beam)).The brightness of dipped beam when applying voltage and the distance light when not applying voltage is equal extent.Incide the whole deflections of incident light of light deflection liquid crystal cell, do not have residual projection image when applying voltage.
In addition, in the light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment, deflection angle is about 3 °, yet changes by the angle (base angle) that makes the prism inclined-plane, can change deflection angle.
In addition, under the situation that voltage raises gradually, projection image is not to be that picture beginning size constancy ground when never applying voltage moves continuously, but enlarges a little up and down halfway, and under sufficiently high voltage (more than the 20V, interchange 150Hz) gradually with clearly imaging of same size.This be because, owing between transparency electrode on the substrate and liquid crystal layer, be folded with layers of prisms, and layers of prisms with the position difference variable thickness, the therefore actual voltage (dividing potential drop) that imposes on liquid crystal layer is different and different with the position, thereby forms the distribution of refractive index in face.
In addition, spin upside down, thereby also can when applying voltage, relatively become distance light, and when not applying voltage, relatively become dipped beam by the direction that is provided with light deflection liquid crystal cell.In addition, from the viewpoint of fail safe, preferably keep dipped beam not applying under the voltage status.
On the other hand, the influence of the scattering when avoiding not applying voltage and clearly form viewpoint by pattern preferably forms dipped beam when applying voltage.
Next, projection state being levied the difference that pitch produces because of hand describes.It is 1 μ m that hand is levied pitch, is not applying visible weak scattering under the voltage status.By applying voltage, projection image moves, and the rising of the transparency of liquid crystal cell, and projection image becomes clear by pattern.
Levying pitch when hand is 3 μ m when above, under the state that does not apply voltage, can see the unwrung locally part of projection image.This part is levied pitch at hand and only is very small percentage when being 3 μ m, increase when pitch reaches 5 μ m yet levy when hand, hand levy pitch when being 9 μ m the area of unwrung part become bigger.In these liquid crystal cells, move by applying voltage as the part that is distorted, even and apply voltage as unwrung part and also do not move.
Hand is levied pitch, and long more to be that hand is levied the concentration of agent low more, then big more as unwrung part, and for this phenomenon, inferring has following reason.It is long more that hand is levied pitch, then hand levy agent to liquid crystal molecule towards twisting resistance not enough more, even do not applying under the voltage status, liquid crystal molecule also forms vertical orientation easily.That is, thereby infer and when not applying voltage, to have become the vertical plane state, also can not change the orientation state even applied voltage as unwrung part.
From under the state that does not apply voltage, carrying out the viewpoint of light deflection well, hand is levied pitch and is preferably 1 μ m and 2 μ m, and 3 μ m also are feasible, and 5 μ m then show as local bad, 9 μ m are then infeasible, we can say that the light deflection that hand levies when pitch is long more then not to apply voltage is difficult more.On the other hand, the viewpoint that never applies the scattering under the voltage status is set out, and it is that 1 μ m then produces weak scattering that hand is levied pitch, hand levy pitch be more than the 2 μ m then scattering disappear substantially, it is big more to we can say that hand is levied the short more then scattering of pitch.Therefore, comprehensive these results we can say that hand levies pitch and be preferably the above and less than 5 μ m of 1 μ m, more are preferably the above and less than 3 μ m of 1 μ m.
As discussed above, be provided with layers of prisms in liquid crystal cell inside, by switch burnt awl attitude and vertical plane state with voltage, make the variations in refractive index of liquid crystal layer, thereby bring into play function as the light deflection box of the direct of travel that changes light.By adopting burnt awl attitude and vertical plane state, can carry out light deflection and do not rely on from the polarization of incident light direction of substrate normal direction incident.
In addition, as application examples, the lighting device that carries out light deflection at above-below direction is illustrated.Yet, can change yawing moment by changing the prism length direction.For example, under the situation of the light deflection that will carry out left and right directions, light deflection liquid crystal cell is arranged to vertically get final product from headlamp top view prism length direction (with respect to ground).
The light deflection liquid crystal cell of first embodiment (and second embodiment described later) can also be applied to various lighting devices except the headlamp that is applied to vehicle.As light source, except adopting high-intensity discharge lamp, also can adopt light emitting diode (LED), field emission type (FE) light source, fluorescent light etc.
Next, the light deflection liquid crystal cell to second embodiment describes.
Fig. 7 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of second embodiment summarily is shown.Below, the difference with first embodiment is described.In a second embodiment, do not form transparency electrode at the glass substrate 31 of layers of prisms 3 sides, but on glass substrate 31, directly be formed with layers of prisms 3.Layers of prisms 3 forms in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
In a second embodiment, form transparency electrode 32 in (liquid crystal layer side) top of layers of prisms 3.At first, the glass substrate 31 that will be formed with layers of prisms 3 cleans in the same manner as in the first embodiment.In order to improve the fitting tightly property of transparency electrode 32 (ITO film), can on layers of prisms 3, form SiO
2Film 33.SiO
2Film 33 for example makes substrate temperature be 80 ℃ and also forms thickness 50nm by splash (alternating current discharge).
Then, be at SiO under 100 ℃ the condition for example at substrate temperature
2Forming thickness by splash (alternating current discharge) on the film 33 is that the ITO film of 100nm is as transparency electrode 32.By sheltering redundance with stainless steel (SUS) mask, high-temperature heat-resistance band etc., thus can be optionally at the part film forming ITO film of expection.In addition, film build method also can adopt vacuum evaporation, ion beam method, chemical meteorological deposit (CVD) etc. except splash.
Then, the glass substrate 31 that will be formed with transparency electrode 32 utilizes cleaning machine to clean.For example carry out successively: use the scrubbing of alkaline detergent, pure water cleaning, air blast, ultraviolet ray irradiation and infrared (IR) drying.Cleaning method is not limited thereto, and also can carry out high-pressure injection cleaning, plasma cleaning etc.
Then, on transparency electrode 32, utilize polyimide etc. to form vertical orientation film 4.For example, the SE-4811 that daily output chemistry is produced forms the thickness of 80nm by flexible printing, and carries out 1.5 hours fire with 180 ℃.In addition, the formation method of vertical orientation film 4 also can adopt ink-jet, spin coating, slit coating, slit and spin coated (slit and spin coat) etc.
With first embodiment in the same manner, the glass substrate 11 of opposite side is formed with transparency electrode 12, and is formed with vertical orientation film 13 on transparency electrode 12.And then, with first embodiment in the same manner, two substrates 11,31 is overlapping and form sylphon, forming liquid crystal layer 15, thereby produce the light deflection liquid crystal cell of second embodiment.
In a second embodiment, between prism side transparency electrode and liquid crystal layer folder establish layers of prisms.Thus, can think to have reduced in the face by the caused refractive index that distributes in the face of layers of prisms thickness to distribute, thereby expectation is when changing voltage continuously, projection image does not move with not changing shape.And, can expect that projection image moves required driving voltage and reduces.
Then, the 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment are described.In addition, numerous and diverse for fear of the mark reference symbol is in the 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment, for still reusing the reference symbol of using with first embodiment and the second embodiment corresponding components etc. in the explanation of first embodiment and second embodiment.
At first, structure and the method for making to the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment describes.
Fig. 8 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment summarily is shown.With first embodiment in the same manner, prepared to be formed with a pair of glass substrate (glass substrate 11 that is formed with the glass substrate 1 of transparency electrode 2 and is formed with transparency electrode 12) of transparency electrode.The pattern of preferably clear electrode 2,12 forms the flat shape of expection.
On the transparency electrode 2 of one-sided glass substrate 1, be formed with layers of prisms 3.Layers of prisms 3 forms the shape that is arranged with prism 3a on basalis 3b.The thickness of basalis 3b for example is about 2 μ m～30 μ m.With first embodiment (with reference to Fig. 2) in the same manner, each prism 3a is that drift angle is that 75 °, base angle are the triangular column of 15 ° and 90 °, and a plurality of prism 3a are along arranging with the direction (prism Width) of prism length direction quadrature.The height of prism 3a is about 5.2 μ m, and the length on the base of prism 3a (spacing of prism) is 20 μ m.Layers of prisms 3 can form (with reference to Fig. 3) by the mode identical with first embodiment.
In operation described later, the primary seal agent of liquid crystal cell fire the thermal treatment of for example carrying out more than 150 ℃.In addition, in the 4th embodiment, as described later,, carry out for example thermal treatment more than 180 ℃ for the transparency electrode that forms transparency height (impedance is low) when forming under the situation of transparency electrode on the layers of prisms 3.In addition, (though in the 3rd, the 4th embodiment form) however in the time of formation vertical orientation film on layers of prisms 3, the vertical orientation film fire the thermal treatment that for example will carry out more than 160 ℃.Therefore, as prism material, preferred pin is to the thermal treatment of high temperature and characteristic is difficult for the material of deterioration, with first embodiment in the same manner, can adopt for example acrylic compounds UV curable resin.
Then, the glass substrate 1 usefulness cleaning machine that will be formed with layers of prisms 3 cleans.Carry out successively: use the scrubbing of alkaline detergent, pure water cleaning, air blast, ultraviolet ray irradiation and infrared (IR) drying.Cleaning method is not limited thereto, and also can carry out high-pressure injection cleaning, plasma cleaning etc.
Then, formation contains the primary seal agent 16 that weight ratio is the gap control material of 2wt%～5wt% on the glass substrate 1 of layers of prisms 3 sides.The formation method can adopt screen printing or use the mediation device.Select gap control material so that comprise that the thickness of (from the basalis 3b's of prism) liquid crystal layer 15 of the height of prism 3a for example is 10 μ m～20 μ m.Herein, select diameter be the baton round that produces of the ponding chemistry of 30 μ m as gap control material, and its weight ratio with 4wt% added among the sealant ES-7500 that Mitsui Chemicals produces, thereby obtains the primary seal agent.
On the opposing party's glass substrate 11, using the gap spreading machine of dry type to scatter diameter is that the baton round that produces of the ponding chemistry of 17 μ m is as gap control material 14.
Then, two glass substrates 1,11 are overlapped, and heat-treat utilizing stamping machine etc. to apply under the state of certain pressure, thereby make the primary seal agent be solidified to form sylphon.Herein, with 150 ℃ of thermal treatments of having carried out 3 hours.
In addition, though in the 3rd embodiment, form, can on the layers of prisms 3 of a side substrate 1, form vertical orientation film 4, also can on the transparency electrode 12 of the opposing party's substrate 11, form vertical orientation film 13.The vertical orientation film for example by polyimide by film forming such as flexible printings, and for example fire and form with 180 ℃.
Then, vacuum is injected liquid crystal material in sylphon, thereby forms liquid crystal layer 15.After injecting liquid crystal, be coated with the terminal sealant with the encapsulated liquid crystals box at inlet.In addition, the formation method of liquid crystal layer is not limited to vacuum and injects, and for example also can adopt a filling (ODF, One Drop Fill) method.
In the 3rd embodiment, as the liquid crystal material that is used to form liquid crystal layer 15, adopted contain dielectric constant anisotropy Δ ε be positive liquid crystal molecule and when not applying voltage (in predetermined temperature range) show as the liquid crystal material of the blue phase of courage steroid (following be also referred to as sometimes blue phase).One of as an example, by will (デ Star ソ produces as the JC1041-XX of fluorinated mixed liquid crystal, Δ n:0.142) (メ イ Network produces with 4-cyano group-4 '-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), Δ n:0.184) mixes with 1: 1 ratio and obtain mixed liquid crystal, adopt this mixed liquid crystal, levy agent ZLI-4572 (メ イ Network product) to the hand that wherein adds 5.6%.
In addition, as photopolymerization monomer, added the mix monomer that the material of the material that mixes simple function and two functionalities forms.Specifically, adopt acrylic acid-2-ethyl hexyl ester (EHA) (ア Le De リ Star チ product), adopt RM257 (メ イ Network product), and they are mixed into 70: 30 mol ratio as two functionality materials as the simple function material.
In addition,, adopt 2 as Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPDP), and it is added with the ratio of 5mol% with respect to mix monomer.
The optical polymerism mix monomer that is added with Photoepolymerizationinitiater initiater is levied the ratio interpolation of the mixed liquid crystal of agent with 8mol% with respect to being added with hand, thereby prepare the liquid crystal material that is used to form liquid crystal layer 15.
When the liquid crystal cell that will so form heating, about 60 ℃ than showing as blue phase in the narrow temperature scope.Keep showing as the temperature-resistant of blue phase, and, make the photopolymerization monomer polymerization, form macromolecule network, make the polymer-stabilized of blue phase thus the liquid crystal cell irradiation ultraviolet radiation.
The ultraviolet ray irradiation is intermittently to repeat the irradiation sequence that 10 irradiations earlier had do not shine in 10 seconds in 1 second then.And, after intermittently shining, carry out continuity irradiation in 3 minutes.Ultraviolet intensity is 30mW/cm
2(365nm).In addition, conditions of exposure is not limited thereto, and for example also can make uitraviolet intensity more weak (just the photopolymerization required time has increased).
Be about through the liquid crystal cell of polymer-stabilized processing in-5 ℃～60 ℃ the wide temperature range and showing as blue phase.In addition, the temperature range that shows as blue phase by polymer-stabilized processing perhaps can be by adjusting employed liquid crystal material and mixing ratio, polymerizing condition etc. and further enlarging.
As mentioned above, produce the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment.Then, the action to the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment describes.
The light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment shows as blue phase when not applying voltage.Below, can receive the explanation document (http://kikuchi-lab.cm.kyushu-u.ac.jp/kikuchilab/bluephase.html) of homepage of (Na ノ) Kikuchi research department, systematism field with reference to the guide of Kyushu University material chemistry institute integrating materials department to the general record of blue phase.
Blue phase is isotropy optically, and has three kinds of blue phases---and have body-centred cubic symmetric blue phase I, have the symmetric blue phase II of simple cubic and have isotropic symmetric blue phase III.Show as blue phase I in the lowest temperature side, show as blue phase III in highest temperature side.That the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment adopts is blue phase I.
Fig. 9 is the summary stereographic map (according to above-mentioned explanation document) that the structure of blue phase I is shown.Under the state of blue phase, near the liquid crystal molecule the central authorities forms and makes the dual structure that cylinder Cy is stacked into lattice-like of reversing mutually orthogonally, and the described dual cylinder Cy that reverses is all aggregates that allow the liquid crystal molecule that side directions reverse.
Because blue phase is isotropy optically, therefore the refractive index from the observed liquid crystal layer of substrate normal direction of the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment is the ordinary ray refractive index n o of liquid crystal material and the mean value (2no+ne)/3 of special ray refractive index n e, and two the mutually orthogonal polarized light components of incident ray (light of advancing along the substrate normal direction) that incide light deflection liquid crystal cell are equal.
On the other hand, light deflection liquid crystal cell for the 3rd embodiment, when applying voltage, apply voltage to the thickness of liquid crystal layer direction, according to positive dielectric constant anisotropy, the torsion structure of blue liquid crystal molecule under mutually is eliminated, and nearly all liquid crystal molecule erects to the substrate vertical direction, shows as the vertical plane phase.
At vertical plane mutually down, become ordinary ray refractive index n o, make two mutually orthogonal polarized light components of the incident ray that incides light deflection liquid crystal cell (light of advancing along the substrate normal direction) equate from the refractive index of the observed liquid crystal layer of substrate normal direction.
The ordinary ray refractive index n o of the liquid crystal material of the 3rd embodiment is 1.521, and special ray refractive index n e is 1.683.Therefore, can estimate that with respect to the indigo plant of refractive index incident light, liquid crystal layer when not applying voltage that incides light deflection liquid crystal cell be about 1.574 down mutually, the vertical plane when applying voltage is down 1.521 mutually, and does not rely on the polarization direction.And the refractive index of the prism material of the 3rd embodiment is 1.51.
According to above content, the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment is not when applying voltage, and liquid crystal layer is different with the refractive index of layers of prisms, therefore incident light deflection under the effect of prism.On the other hand, when applying voltage, the refractive index of liquid crystal layer and layers of prisms becomes on an equal basis, thereby the basic original state of incident light is kept straight on unchangeably.And such effect does not rely on the polarization of incident light direction.
In addition, when the difference of the refractive index of the refractive index of first parts and second parts with respect to the refractive index of the refractive index of first parts or second parts 2% during with interior (more preferably being in 1%), the refractive index of regarding two parts as equates.
In addition, the liquid crystal layer when applying voltage and the refractive index of layers of prisms are become the embodiment that equates be illustrated, yet the refractive index of layers of prisms is not limited thereto.If layers of prisms in indigo plant mutually and the variations in refractive index of vertical plane in mutually, then the deflection angle that causes of prism just changes, and the direct of travel of light is changed.For example, (though needing the prism material of high index of refraction) liquid crystal layer and the refractive index of layers of prisms are become equate when not applying voltage.
Then, make the lighting device that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment and light sources is merged the application examples of the headlamp that is assumed to vehicle, and the experiment of observing when not applying voltage the projection image when applying voltage is described.
Lighting device that should use-case adopt with first embodiment in the identical structure (with reference to Fig. 5) of lighting device of the application examples that illustrates.As light deflection liquid crystal cell 25, adopt the light deflection liquid crystal cell 25 of the 3rd embodiment.
Light deflection liquid crystal cell 25 is configured to from headlamp top view (with respect to ground), and the prism length direction is in level.In addition, prism side is set at light source 21 sides (but, even prism side is arranged at and light source 21 opposite sides, the light deflecting action can not change yet).
Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B summarily show respectively when not applying voltage and the synoptic diagram of the projection image when applying voltage.Shown in Figure 10 A, when not applying voltage, projection goes out clearly by pattern (being equivalent to dipped beam).Light can be as veiling glare etc. to unnecessary direction scattering.
Shown in Figure 10 B,, be moved upward (being equivalent to distance light) continuously under the state of projection image's roughly the same size when keeping and do not apply voltage by applying voltage.The brightness of dipped beam when not applying voltage and the distance light when applying voltage is same degree.Incide the whole deflections of incident light of light deflection liquid crystal cell, do not have residual projection image when not applying voltage.
The deflection angle of light is saturated when applying voltage and be 90V, and maximum angle variable quantity is 0.9 ° direct of travel poor of the direct of travel of the light of prism distortion when not applying voltage, original state is kept straight on unchangeably when applying high voltage fully light (maximum angle variable quantity serve as reasons).Till liquid crystal molecule erects along the substrate normal direction (that is, till applying sufficiently high voltage and making the state that the light original state keeps straight on unchangeably), refractive index is along with the size that applies voltage also changes continuously.Square roughly variation pro rata of refractive index and electric field intensity.Therefore, can change continuously with applying voltage, till reaching the saturated maximal value of expression by the deflection angle that applies the voltage generation.
In addition, in the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd embodiment, being situated between between transparency electrode on the prism side substrate and liquid crystal layer is provided with layers of prisms.For this reason, considering need be than higher driving voltage.
In addition, can adjust the maximal value that applies the deflection angle that voltage produces by the angle (base angle) that changes the prism inclined-plane.
In addition, variation as shown in figure 11 is such, contains the auxiliary optics 28 of prism etc. in the configuration of the emitting side of light deflection liquid crystal cell 27, thereby can make the further deflection of penetrating from light deflection liquid crystal cell 27 of emergent light L.Use the auxiliary deflection optical system also can adjust the maximal value of deflection angle like this.
When at room temperature measuring the response speed that upwards erects He erect of liquid crystal molecule downwards, upwards erect and be about 200 μ sec, erect downwards and be about 18 μ sec.For example compare, can access response at a high speed with nematic crystal.Like this, by utilizing the switching between mutually of blue and vertical plane, can access the liquid crystal cell of high speed motion.
In addition, the direction that is provided with of light deflection liquid crystal cell is spun upside down, thereby also can when not applying voltage, relatively become distance light, and when applying voltage, relatively become dipped beam.In addition, from the viewpoint of fail safe, preferably keep dipped beam not applying under the voltage status.
In addition, as application examples, the lighting device that above-below direction is carried out light deflection is illustrated.Yet, can change yawing moment by changing the prism length direction.For example, under the situation of the light deflection that will carry out left and right directions, light deflection liquid crystal cell is arranged to vertically get final product from headlamp top view (with respect to ground) prism length direction.
As discussed above, by layers of prisms being set in liquid crystal cell inside, and utilize voltage to switch mutually blue and vertical plane mutually, thereby make the variations in refractive index of liquid crystal layer, bring into play function as the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the direct of travel that changes light.
By adopt blue mutually with vertical plane mutually, the polarization of incident light direction that can not rely on from the incident of substrate normal direction is carried out light deflection (promptly with respect to two polarization directions).In addition, by utilizing the switching between mutually of blue and vertical plane, can access high speed motion.
Then, the light deflection liquid crystal cell to the 4th embodiment describes.
Figure 12 is the thickness direction cut-open view that the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 4th embodiment summarily is shown.Below, the difference with the 3rd embodiment is described.In the 4th embodiment, on the glass substrate 31 of layers of prisms 3 sides, do not press from both sides and establish transparency electrode ground and be formed with layers of prisms 3.Layers of prisms 3 can similarly form with the 3rd embodiment.
In the 4th embodiment, be formed with transparency electrode 32 in (liquid crystal layer side) top of layers of prisms 3.At first, the glass substrate 31 that will be formed with layers of prisms 3 cleans in the mode identical with the 3rd embodiment.At this,, can on layers of prisms 3, form SiO in order to improve the fitting tightly property of transparency electrode 32 (ITO film)
2Film 33.SiO
2Film 33 for example forms thickness 50nm by splash (alternating current discharge) under substrate temperature is 80 ℃ condition.
Then, at SiO
2Be the ITO film that forms thickness 100nm by splash (alternating current discharge) under 100 ℃ the condition with as transparency electrode 32 for example on the film 33 at substrate temperature.By covering redundance with stainless steel (SUS) mask, high-temperature heat-resistance band etc., the part film forming ITO film that can optionally expect.After ITO film film forming,, for example carry out 1 hour fire with 220 ℃ for the transparency and the electric conductivity that improves the ITO film.
In addition, film build method also can adopt vacuum evaporation, ion beam method, chemical meteorological deposit (CVD) etc. except splash.In this case, for the transparency and the electric conductivity that improves the ITO film, for example carry out firing about 1 hour with 220 ℃.
Then, the glass substrate 31 that will be formed with transparency electrode 32 utilizes cleaning machine to clean.For example, carry out successively: use the scrubbing of alkaline detergent, pure water cleaning, air blast, ultraviolet ray irradiation and infrared (IR) drying.Cleaning method is not limited thereto, and also can carry out high-pressure injection cleaning, plasma cleaning etc.
Be formed with transparency electrode 12 on the glass substrate 11 of opposite side.Thereby the ITO film of transparency electrode 12 is removed unnecessary ITO film by laser and is formed pattern.With the 3rd embodiment in the same manner, two substrates 11,31 is overlapping and form sylphon forming liquid crystal layer 15, thus produce the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 4th embodiment.In addition, as required, also can form the alignment film 4 on the transparency electrode 32, the alignment film 13 on the transparency electrode 12.
With the 3rd embodiment in the same manner, by voltage switch blue mutually with vertical plane mutually, can carry out light deflection.In the 4th embodiment, folder is not established layers of prisms between prism side transparency electrode and liquid crystal layer, therefore can expect the reduction of driving voltage.
Light deflection liquid crystal cell and incompatible the producing of light sources of the 4th embodiment are had lighting device structure shown in Figure 5, application examples, and observe when not applying voltage and the projection image when applying voltage.In the 4th embodiment, the deflection angle of light saturated when applying the voltage of 19V (maximum angle variable quantity is 0.9 °).Like this, in the 4th embodiment,, compare with the 3rd embodiment (saturated during 90V) and can reduce driving voltage by on layers of prisms, forming transparency electrode.
When at room temperature measuring the response speed that upwards erects He erect of liquid crystal molecule downwards, upwards erect and be about 300 μ sec, erect downwards and be about 16 μ sec.With the 3rd embodiment similarly, can access the liquid crystal cell of high speed motion.
In addition, the light deflection liquid crystal cell of the 3rd, the 4th embodiment can also be applied to various lighting devices except the headlamp that is applied to vehicle.As light source, except adopting high-intensity discharge lamp, also can adopt light emitting diode (LED), field emission type (FE) light source, fluorescent light etc.
In addition, also be not limited to illumination, generally can be applied to change the purposes of the direct of travel of light.For example in digital still life camera, projector, HUD (Head Up Display), three dimensional display etc., can be applied to change the device of the direction of the image (projection image) that enters the interior image of camera, projector.In addition, owing to can switch at a high speed, thereby expectation can be tackled frame of video (video frame) (doubly speed).
Pass through first embodiment～the 4th embodiment is illustrated as above, preferably, liquid crystal layer comprises that dielectric constant anisotropy is positive liquid crystal molecule, and do not applying the mean value (2no+ne)/3 that shows as ordinary ray refractive index n o and special ray refractive index n e under the voltage status and (because dielectric constant anisotropy is for just from the observed refractive index of substrate normal direction, so) by applying refractive index that voltage makes liquid crystal layer near ordinary ray refractive index n o, such liquid crystal layer (by with the layers of prisms combination) utilize a liquid crystal cell to carry out light deflection.As liquid crystal layer, can adopt when not applying voltage, to show as burnt awl attitude and by applying the material that voltage reaches the vertical plane state, adopt perhaps that to show as the courage steroid when not applying voltage mutually blue and by applying the material that voltage reaches the vertical plane phase.
Describe the present invention according to above embodiment, yet the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.To those skilled in the art, it is conspicuous can carrying out for example various changes, improvement, combination etc.
Claims (12)
1. a light-deflection apparatus is characterized in that,
This light-deflection apparatus has:
Liquid crystal layer;
First and second transparency carriers, mutual arranged opposite of described first and second transparency carriers and the described liquid crystal layer of clamping;
First and second transparency electrodes, described first and second transparency electrodes are formed at the liquid crystal layer side of described first and second transparency carriers respectively and described liquid crystal layer are applied voltage; And
Layers of prisms, described layers of prisms are formed at the liquid crystal layer side of a side in described first and second transparency carriers,
It is positive liquid crystal molecule that described liquid crystal layer contains dielectric constant anisotropy, from the refractive index of the observed described liquid crystal layer of normal direction of described first and second transparency carriers under the state that does not apply voltage for the mean value (2no+ne)/3 of ordinary ray refractive index n o and special ray refractive index n e, make the refractive index of described liquid crystal layer near described ordinary ray refractive index n o by applying voltage.
2. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
Described liquid crystal layer is added with hand and levies agent, and shows as burnt awl attitude under the state that does not apply voltage.
3. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein,
This light-deflection apparatus also has the vertical orientation film, and this vertical orientation film is formed at the liquid crystal layer side of at least one side in described first and second transparency carriers.
4. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein,
The hand of described liquid crystal layer is levied pitch more than 1 μ m and in the scope of less than 5 μ m.
5. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein,
Described vertical orientation film is formed at the liquid crystal layer side of described layers of prisms.
6. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
Described liquid crystal layer shows as the blue phase of courage steroid under the state that does not apply voltage.
7. light-deflection apparatus according to claim 6, wherein,
Part at described liquid crystal layer is formed with macromolecule network, makes described courage steroid indigo plant mutually polymer-stabilized.
8. according to each the described light-deflection apparatus in the claim 1～7, wherein,
In described first and second transparency electrodes, the electrode of layers of prisms side is formed at the liquid crystal layer side of described layers of prisms.
9. according to each the described light-deflection apparatus in the claim 1～7, wherein,
The material of described layers of prisms is an acrylic compounds UV curable resin.
10. according to each the described light-deflection apparatus in the claim 1～7, wherein,
Described ordinary ray refractive index n o equates with the refractive index of described layers of prisms.
11. according to each the described light-deflection apparatus in the claim 1～7, wherein,
This light-deflection apparatus also has makes light incide the light source of described liquid crystal layer.
12. according to each the described light-deflection apparatus in the claim 1～7, wherein,
This light-deflection apparatus also has the auxiliary deflection optical system of the direct of travel that is used to change the light that penetrates from described layers of prisms.
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| JP2009-273475 | 2009-12-01 | ||
| JP2009273475A JP5390355B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Optical deflection device |
| JP2010-007684 | 2010-01-18 | ||
| JP2010007684A JP5395684B2 (en) | 2010-01-18 | 2010-01-18 | Optical deflection device |
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| CN102122104B CN102122104B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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| CN102122104B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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