CN102120307A - System and method for grinding industrial robot on basis of visual information - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for grinding an industrial robot on the basis of visual information. In the system, the image of a workpiece is collected by a video camera; the workpiece is positioned by computer recognition; the movement locus points of a mechanical arm from the current position to a fetching position are planned on line to control the mechanical arm to fetch the workpiece; and then, the revolving speed and the revolving direction of an abrasive belt are controlled by a preset operation step of grinding so as to control the industrial robot to move the workpiece to an appointed position and gesture for grinding and polishing the workpiece. In the system, the video camera collects the image of the workpiece in real time; the workpiece is identified and positioned by the computer to control the mechanical arm to fetch the workpiece; the movement of the industrial robot and the running state of a grinder in the workpiece grinding operation are controlled; the data end of a computer is connected with the data end of the control cabinet of the industrial robot; output locus points controls the industrial robot to move; and the data end of the computer is connected with the data end of the grinder to control the grinder to start and stop and control the revolving speed and the revolving direction of the abrasive belt.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding system, particularly a kind of industrial robot grinding system and method based on visual information.
Background technology
In manufacturing industry, grinding-polishing is the operation of one key, and the quality of grinding has often determined the class of product.Traditional workpiece grinding mainly contains these three kinds of patterns of artificial grinding, special purpose machine tool grinding and Digit Control Machine Tool grinding.Yet artificial grinding workload is big, efficient is lower, and the homogeneity of workpiece processing is relatively poor; The special purpose machine tool versatility is bad, only is fit to produce in batches; The processing cost of Digit Control Machine Tool is higher.In addition, a large amount of dust of polishing departement have caused threat to workers'health.
Industrial robot has the automaticity height, flexibility is good, the operating space is little, can long-play, numerous advantages such as control able to programme, manufactured gradually industry is paid attention to and is used.Utilize robot to carry out the homogeneity that grinding had both guaranteed the product grinding, enhance productivity again, attracted researcher's concern.Document " the robot grinding experiment and the analysis of rough surface " (Ni Xiaobo, Jin Dewen, Zhang Ji river, Chinese mechanical engineering, 2004,15 (22): 1986-1989) analyzed tangential grinding force in the grinding process and the laterally origin cause of formation and the difference of grinding force; Document " based on the robot high-precision grinding modeling of SVM " (Yang Yang etc., robot, 2010,32 (2): 278-282) proposed a kind of grinding process modeling method that returns based on SVMs (SVM), improved in the robot grinding process control to stock removal; Document " the robot grinding system that is used for the complex space Machining of Curved Surface " (Hong Yunfei, Li Chengqun, negative super, Chinese mechanical engineering, 2006,150-153) a kind of robot grinding system that can be used for the complex space Machining of Curved Surface has been proposed.Patent CN101738981A has proposed a kind of method for grinding based on machine learning, in order to realize high-precision grinding action.These researchs then are to utilize fixture to cooperate the location on the workpiece grasping manipulation paying close attention in the point set in the meticulous control of grinding action.
Therefore, how to make up a kind of industrial robot grinding system that utilizes visual information, detect workpiece to be ground in real time, the tracing point of online planning mechanical paw from current location to next position can improve the flexibility and the intelligent degree of grinding action effectively.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve in the workpiece grinding process, it is intelligent that the flexibility of workpiece placement location, workpiece grasp, and the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of industrial robot grinding system and method based on visual information.This system is by the workpiece on video frequency pick-up head detection in real time and the positioning table, and online planning mechanical paw to the tracing point that grasps the some position, is realized the intellectuality of workpiece extracting from current location, has improved the flexibility of grinding action.This system is according to pre-set grinding action step, the tracing point of the position and attitude of the workpiece grinding of mechanical paw from the current location to the appointment in the online planning grinding operation, and control the rotating speed of milling drum in real time and turn to, finish the automatic grinding of workpiece.
In order to realize described purpose, the invention provides a kind of industrial robot grinding system based on visual information, described system comprises industrial robot, computer, mechanical paw, video frequency pick-up head, milling drum, and mechanical paw is installed on industrial robot, is used for grabbing workpiece; Directly over workbench, be fixed with video frequency pick-up head, be used for the workpiece image on the real-time collecting work platform; Graphics processing unit in the computer is connected with video frequency pick-up head by video signal cable; Computer identification and location workpiece, control mechanical paw grabbing workpiece, the state of the motion of the industrial robot in the grinding action of control workpiece and the operation of milling drum; The data terminal of computer is connected with the data terminal of the switch board of industrial robot, by the motion of output trajectory point control industrial robot; The data terminal of computer is connected with the data terminal of milling drum, the startup of control milling drum, stops with the rotating speed in abrasive band, turns to.
In order to realize described purpose, a second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of industrial robot method for grinding that uses described industrial robot grinding system based on visual information, may further comprise the steps:
Step S1: set up transformational relation between industrial robot coordinate system and the video frequency pick-up head coordinate system according to grasping calibration algorithm;
Step S2: the initial placing attitude of setting workpiece, collection is in the image of the workpiece diverse location in the video frequency pick-up head visual field in the initial placing attitude, utilize the Haar feature of traditional Haar feature extraction algorithm extraction workpiece, obtain the Haar features training collection of workpiece diverse location in the video frequency pick-up head visual field;
Step S3: workpiece is placed on the workbench according to initial placing attitude, and video frequency pick-up head is gathered image directly over workbench;
Step S4: the graphics processing unit of computer extracts the Haar feature to the workpiece image of input, and the Haar feature of extracting and the Haar feature of training set are done coupling, detects and the location workpiece;
Step S5: the extracting control module of computer is according to the positional information of the workpiece of graphics processing unit output, and online planning mechanical paw grasps movement locus point a little from the current location to the workpiece, control industrial robot to transport motivation tool paw grabbing workpiece;
Step S6: the grinding action control module of computer is according to predefined grinding step, the rotating speed in the abrasive band of milling drum in the k step grinding is set and turns to, and 1≤k≤N, N are the side numbers that workpiece needs grinding;
Step S7: the grinding action control module of computer is according to the position and attitude of workpiece in the predefined k step grinding, on-line computer tool paw goes on foot the movement locus point of grinding action appointed positions attitude from the current location attitude to k, the control robot moves to appointed positions to workpiece, k side of the sbrasive belt grinding workpiece of milling drum, 1≤k≤N;
Step S8: repeating step S6 and step S7 need the side of grinding to be ground up to all of workpiece;
Step S9: industrial robot is put into appointed positions to the good workpiece of grinding.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: industrial robot, computer, mechanical paw, video frequency pick-up head and milling drum have been formed the industrial robot workpiece grinding system based on visual information.Be installed in the video frequency pick-up head of workbench top, detect and locate workpiece in real time, realize selection, improved the flexibility of workpiece placement and the intellectuality that workpiece grasps the workpiece crawl position.The industrial robot grinding system has been realized the automatic grinding to workpiece, has guaranteed the homogeneity of workpiece grinding, has improved the efficient of workpiece grinding.Advantage of the present invention has:
A) under the vision guide, industrial robot identification workpiece calculates the crawl position in computer, compare with traditional teach mode, has improved the flexibility of industrial robot extracting process.
B) serial signal line of milling drum is connected with the data terminal of computer, computer according to each the step grinding action demand, regulate in real time the abrasive band rotating speed and turn to, guaranteed the quality of grinding.
C) described industrial robot grinding system based on visual information has stronger extensibility on hardware structure, as expanding establishment multirobot cooperation grinding system or the establishment industrial robot grinding system based on the various visual angles vision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pie graph based on the industrial robot grinding system of visual information of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of each unit of computer-internal of the embodiment of the invention;
The flow chart of the industrial robot method for grinding that the workpiece based on visual information of Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention grasps.
Critical piece explanation among the figure:
Industrial robot 1 industrial machine human body 11
Industrial robot switch board 12 computers 2
Graphics processing unit 21 workpiece grasp control module 22
Grinding action control module 23 data communication units 24
Serial communication unit 25 mechanical paws 3
Video frequency pick-up head 4 milling drums 5
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, industrial robot grinding system based on visual information comprises industrial robot 1, computer 2, mechanical paw 3, video frequency pick-up head 4, milling drum 5, and described computer 2 comprises that graphics processing unit 21, workpiece grasp control module 22, grinding action control module 23, data communication units 24, serial communication unit 25.Mechanical paw 3 is installed on industrial robot 1, is used for grabbing workpiece; Directly over workbench, be fixed with video frequency pick-up head 4, be used for the workpiece image on the real-time collecting work platform; Graphics processing unit 21 in the computer 2 is connected with video frequency pick-up head 4 by video signal cable; Computer 2 identifications and location workpiece, control mechanical paw 3 grabbing workpieces, the state of the motion of the industrial robot 1 in the grinding action of control workpiece and the operation of milling drum 5; The data terminal of computer 2 is connected with the data terminal of the switch board 12 of industrial robot 1, by the motion of output trajectory point control industrial robot 1; The data terminal of computer 2 is connected with the data terminal of milling drum 5, the startup of control milling drum 5, stops with the rotating speed in abrasive band, turns to.
Industrial robot 1 comprises industrial machine human body 11 and industrial robot switch board 12.Industrial robot 1 is the solid high six-shaft industrial robot or the six-shaft industrial robot of other models.Video frequency pick-up head 4 is the DS-2CZ252P camera or the camera of other model.Milling drum 5 is the double end belt grinding machine or the belt grinding machine of other models.
Be depicted as the structural representation of computer 2 inner each unit of the embodiment of the invention as Fig. 2, wherein: computer 2 comprises that graphics processing unit 21, workpiece grasp control module 22, grinding action control module 23, data communication units 24 and serial communication unit 25, wherein: graphics processing unit 21 is connected with video frequency pick-up head 4, the image of video frequency pick-up head 4 inputs is carried out the crawl position of image processing, detection workpiece, location workpiece; Workpiece grasps control module 22 and links to each other with graphics processing unit 21, according to the workpiece crawl position of graphics processing unit 21 outputs, plans from the current location tracing point of workpiece crawl position on earth; The predefined workpiece of storage needs the rotating speed in the location of workpiece of N step correspondence of a grinding N side and attitude, abrasive band 51 and turns in the grinding action control module 23, planning goes on foot the tracing point of the position of grinding from mechanical paw 3 current locations to k, 1≤k≤N, set the grinding of k step the abrasive band rotating speed and turn to; One end of data communication units 24 grasps control module 22 with workpiece respectively and links to each other with grinding action control module 23, receives the movement locus point that workpiece grasps the mechanical paw 3 of control module 22 and 23 outputs of grinding action control module; The other end of data communication units 24 is connected with industrial robot 1, to the movement locus point of industrial robot 1 output mechanical paw 3, by the motion of industrial robot 1 control mechanical paw 3; One end of serial communication unit 25 is connected with grinding action control module 23, receives the milling drum control instruction of grinding action control module 23 outputs; The other end of serial communication unit 25 is connected with milling drum 5, and the control instruction of the milling drum 5 of grinding action control module 23 outputs is converted to serial signal, and the startup of control milling drum 5 stops to turn to the rotating speed in abrasive band 51.
Be depicted as the flow chart of the industrial robot method for grinding of a kind of industrial robot grinding system based on visual information of the embodiment of the invention as Fig. 3, this method for grinding comprises the steps:
Step S1: set up transformational relation between video frequency pick-up head coordinate system and the industrial robot coordinate system according to grasping calibration algorithm; Before workpiece 7 is grasped grinding action,, set the initial putting position that is suitable for grasping of industrial robot 1 according to the position of workbench 6 and the field range of video frequency pick-up head 4.
Step S2: the initial placing attitude of setting workpiece 7, collection is in the image of workpiece 7 diverse location in video frequency pick-up head 4 visual fields in the initial placing attitude, utilize the Haar feature of traditional Haar feature extraction algorithm extraction workpiece 7, obtain the Haar features training collection of workpiece 7 diverse location in video frequency pick-up head 4 visual fields; The initial placing attitude of described workpiece is the attitude that makes things convenient for mechanical paw to grasp.
Step S3: workpiece is placed on the workbench according to initial placing attitude, and video frequency pick-up head 4 is gathered the background image that includes workpiece directly over workbench;
Step S4: the workpiece image of 21 pairs of inputs of graphics processing unit of computer 2 extracts the Haar feature, and the Haar feature of extracting and the Haar feature of training set are done coupling, detects and the location workpiece;
Step S5: the extracting control module 22 of computer 2 is according to the positional information of the workpiece of graphics processing unit 21 outputs, online planning mechanical paw 3 grasps movement locus point a little from the current location to the workpiece, control industrial robot 1 mechanically moving paw 3 grabbing workpieces;
Step S6: the grinding action control module 23 of computer 2 is according to predefined grinding step, the rotating speed in the abrasive band 51 of milling drum 5 in the k step grinding is set and turns to, and 1≤k≤N, N are the side numbers that workpiece needs grinding; Preestablish and be the rotating speed in workpiece 7 residing positions and attitude when before graphics processing unit 21 detects workpiece, just setting 7 of workers and needing the order of N side of grinding, each side of grinding, abrasive band 51 and turn to.
Step S7: the grinding action control module 23 of computer 2 is according to the position and attitude of workpiece in the predefined k step grinding, the movement locus point of on-line computer tool paw 3 step grinding action appointed positions attitude from the current location attitude to k, control robot 1 moves to appointed positions to workpiece, k side of abrasive band 51 grinding work pieces of milling drum 5,1≤k≤N;
Step S8: repeating step S6 and step S7 need the side of grinding to be ground up to all of workpiece;
Step S9: industrial robot 1 is put into appointed positions to the good workpiece of grinding.
Grasp calibration algorithm and determine the step following (cylinder that needs a rule) of the transformational relation of industrial robot coordinate system and video frequency pick-up head coordinate system:
Step b1: the cylinder setting is placed on the workbench 6 of a level altitude, mobile cylinder is to different positions, video frequency pick-up head 4 is gathered the cylinder image of diverse location, in computer 2, utilize oval extraction algorithm to extract the profile of the cylinder end face of diverse location, and the coordinate Cn of cylinder end face center under video frequency pick-up head 4 coordinate systems of calculating diverse location, the number of times of different position, n 〉=1 for cylinder moves;
Step b2: operation industrial robot 1 motion, make the mechanical paw 3 of industrial robot 1 move to the cylinder top, and the center line of cylinder end face of each position and the center line of mechanical paw 3 are overlapped substantially, mechanical paw 3 front ends just contact with the cylinder end face, the pose Pn of industrial robot 1 when computer 2 reads and write down the diverse location cylinder from industrial robot 1 data terminal;
Step b3: according to the first pose P1, the second pose P2, the 3rd pose P3, the 4th pose P4 and the n pose Pn of the industrial robot 1 of coordinate C1, C2, C3, C4 and the Cn correspondence of cylinder end face center under the coordinate system of video frequency pick-up head 2, setting coordinate and pose is quadric corresponding relation, utilizes the quadratic surface approximating method to simulate the coordinate system of video frequency pick-up head 4 and the transformation relation between industrial robot 1 coordinate system.
The calculation procedure of workpiece crawl position selection algorithm following (with the tap is embodiment, and the crawl position is the circular hole of the water inlet end of tap):
Step c1: the gray-scale map modular converter of tap crawl position selection algorithm is to contain the tap gray-scale map of having powerful connections with the tap image transitions of having powerful connections that contains of the data terminal of video frequency pick-up head 4 input in computer 2;
Step c2: the canny edge extracting module of tap crawl position selection algorithm is carried out edge extracting to containing the tap gray-scale map of having powerful connections;
Step c3: the oval detection algorithm of tap crawl position selection algorithm carries out match to the edge of Canny operator extraction, obtains all ellipses in the image.
Step c4: the haar feature that the Haar feature extraction algorithm of tap crawl position selection algorithm is oval in advance;
Step c5: Haar feature that each that will obtain is oval and the Haar characteristic matching in the training set, judge whether ellipse is the circular hole of the water inlet end of tap.
Step c6: according to the oval information that coupling obtains, calculate oval center, this center is exactly the crawl position of tap.
The step of the movement locus point of on-line computer tool paw from current location to next position is as follows:
Steps d 1:, current location point and next location point are transformed in the joint coordinate system of industrial robot according to the joint coordinate system of industrial robot and the transformational relation of cartesian coordinate system;
Steps d 2: in joint coordinate system, according to " crossing the cubic polynomial interpolation algorithm of path point ", the movement locus point of calculating machine paw.
The above; only be the specific embodiment among the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly is familiar with the people of this technology in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention; can understand conversion or the replacement expected, all should be encompassed within the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. industrial robot grinding system based on visual information, it is characterized in that, system comprises industrial robot (1), computer (2), mechanical paw (3), video frequency pick-up head (4), milling drum (5), and mechanical paw (3) is installed on industrial robot (1), is used for grabbing workpiece; Directly over workbench, be fixed with video frequency pick-up head (4), be used for the workpiece image on the real-time collecting work platform; Graphics processing unit (21) in the computer (2) is connected with video frequency pick-up head (4) by video signal cable; Computer (2) identification and location workpiece, control mechanical paw (3) grabbing workpiece, the state of the motion of the industrial robot (1) in the grinding action of control workpiece and the operation of milling drum (5); The data terminal of computer (2) is connected with the data terminal of the switch board (12) of industrial robot (1), by the motion of output trajectory point control industrial robot (1); The data terminal of computer (2) is connected with the data terminal of milling drum (5), the startup of control milling drum (5), stops with the rotating speed in abrasive band, turns to.
2. the industrial robot grinding system based on visual information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, computer (2) comprises that graphics processing unit (21), workpiece grasp control module (22), grinding action control module (23), data communication units (24) and serial communication unit (25), wherein: graphics processing unit (21) is connected with video frequency pick-up head (4), the image of video frequency pick-up head (4) input is carried out the crawl position of image processing, detection workpiece, location workpiece; Workpiece grasps control module (22) and links to each other with graphics processing unit (21), according to the workpiece crawl position of graphics processing unit (21) output, and the tracing point of planning from current location to the workpiece crawl position; The rotating speed that the predefined workpiece of storage needs the location of workpiece of N step correspondence of a grinding N side and attitude, abrasive band (51) in the grinding action control module (23) with turn to, planning goes on foot the tracing point of the position of grinding from mechanical paw (3) current location to k, 1≤k≤N, set the grinding of k step the abrasive band rotating speed and turn to; One end of data communication units (24) grasps control module (22) with workpiece respectively and links to each other with grinding action control module (23), receives the movement locus point that workpiece grasps the mechanical paw (3) of control module (22) and grinding action control module (23) output; The other end of data communication units (24) is connected with industrial robot (1), to the movement locus point of industrial robot (1) output mechanical paw (3), by the motion of industrial robot (1) control mechanical paw (3); One end of serial communication unit (25) is connected with grinding action control module (23), receives the milling drum control instruction of grinding action control module (23) output; The other end of serial communication unit (25) is connected with milling drum (5), and the control instruction of the milling drum (5) of grinding action control module (23) output is converted to serial signal, and the startup of control milling drum (5) stops and the rotating speed of abrasive band (51) turns to.
3. industrial robot method for grinding that uses the described industrial robot grinding system based on visual information of claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step S1: set up transformational relation between industrial robot coordinate system and the video frequency pick-up head coordinate system according to grasping calibration algorithm;
Step S2: the initial placing attitude of setting workpiece, collection is in the image of the workpiece diverse location in the video frequency pick-up head visual field in the initial placing attitude, utilize the Haar feature of traditional Haar feature extraction algorithm extraction workpiece, obtain the Haar features training collection of workpiece diverse location in the video frequency pick-up head visual field;
Step S3: workpiece is placed on the workbench according to initial placing attitude, and video frequency pick-up head is gathered image directly over workbench;
Step S4: the graphics processing unit of computer extracts the Haar feature to the workpiece image of input, and the Haar feature of extracting and the Haar feature of training set are done coupling, detects and the location workpiece;
Step S5: the extracting control module of computer is according to the positional information of the workpiece of graphics processing unit output, and online planning mechanical paw grasps movement locus point a little from the current location to the workpiece, control industrial robot to transport motivation tool paw grabbing workpiece;
Step S6: the grinding action control module of computer is according to predefined grinding step, the rotating speed in the abrasive band of milling drum in the k step grinding is set and turns to, and 1≤k≤N, N are the side numbers that workpiece needs grinding;
Step S7: the grinding action control module of computer is according to the position and attitude of workpiece in the predefined k step grinding, on-line computer tool paw goes on foot the movement locus point of grinding action appointed positions attitude from the current location attitude to k, the control robot moves to appointed positions to workpiece, k side of the sbrasive belt grinding workpiece of milling drum, 1≤k≤N;
Step S8: repeating step S6 and step S7 need the side of grinding to be ground up to all of workpiece;
Step S9: industrial robot is put into appointed positions to the good workpiece of grinding.
4. industrial robot method for grinding according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described preestablishing is the rotating speed in the residing position of workpiece and attitude when just setting workpiece needing the order of N side of grinding, each side of grinding before graphics processing unit detects workpiece, abrasive band and turns to.
5. industrial robot method for grinding according to claim 3 is characterized in that, adopt to grasp calibration algorithm and determines that the step of transformational relation of industrial robot coordinate system and video frequency pick-up head coordinate system is as follows:
Step Sb1: the cylinder setting is placed on the workbench of a level altitude, mobile cylinder is to different positions, video frequency pick-up head is gathered the cylinder image of diverse location, in computer, utilize oval extraction algorithm to extract the profile of the cylinder end face of diverse location, and the coordinate Cn of cylinder end face center under the video frequency pick-up head coordinate system of calculating diverse location, the number of times of different position, n 〉=1 for cylinder moves;
Step Sb2: operation industrial robot motion, make the mechanical paw of industrial robot move to the cylinder top, and the center line of cylinder end face of each position and the center line of mechanical paw are overlapped substantially, the mechanical paw front end just contacts with the cylinder end face, the pose Pn of computer industrial robot when the data terminal of industrial robot reads and write down the diverse location cylinder;
Step Sb3: according to the first pose P1, the second pose P2, the 3rd pose P3, the 4th pose P4 and the n pose Pn of the industrial robot of coordinate C1, C2, C3, C4 and the Cn correspondence of cylinder end face center under the coordinate system of video frequency pick-up head, setting coordinate and pose is quadric corresponding relation, utilizes the quadratic surface approximating method to simulate the coordinate system of video frequency pick-up head and the transformation relation between industrial robot 1 coordinate system.
6. industrial robot method for grinding according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the initial placing attitude of described workpiece is the attitude that makes things convenient for mechanical paw to grasp.
7. industrial robot method for grinding according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the step of the movement locus point of on-line computer tool paw from current location to next position is as follows:
Steps d 1:, current location point and next location point are transformed in the joint coordinate system of industrial robot according to the joint coordinate system of industrial robot and the transformational relation of cartesian coordinate system;
Steps d 2: in joint coordinate system, according to the cubic polynomial interpolation algorithm of crossing path point, the movement locus point of calculating machine paw.
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