CN102118981A - 植物提取物和pufa组合 - Google Patents
植物提取物和pufa组合 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102118981A CN102118981A CN2009801311081A CN200980131108A CN102118981A CN 102118981 A CN102118981 A CN 102118981A CN 2009801311081 A CN2009801311081 A CN 2009801311081A CN 200980131108 A CN200980131108 A CN 200980131108A CN 102118981 A CN102118981 A CN 102118981A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- wild marjoram
- pufa
- extract
- composition
- marjoram extract
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
本发明涉及在植物提取物(例如牛至提取物)和多不饱合脂肪酸或衍生物(如乙酯“PUFA EE”)的组合,其在储存条件下是稳定的。
Description
发明概述
本发明涉及植物提取物(例如牛至(oregano)提取物)和多不饱合脂肪酸或衍生物(例如乙酯(“PUFA EE”))的组合,所述组合显示出提高的稳定性。另外,本发明还涉及含有此类组合和/或其挥发性组分的膳食组合物、营养药物组合物和药物组合物。
发明背景
已知许多植物提取物具有多种医学特性或其它健康益处。例如,已知牛至提取物具有多种精神/情绪益处,例如WO08/017484中所述的益处,其中显示牛至提取物可用于维持平衡的情绪和精神表现,并可用作抗抑郁药。
然而已观察到,植物提取物随着时间的推移部分固化,尤其是当这些提取物富含亲脂内容物时。推测提取物中存在的蜡质物质结晶并从溶液中沉淀出来。植物提取物中存在的活性成分能够被这些蜡质结合,从而降解和/或变得更不能被生物利用。
已知长链多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)也具有多种健康益处。大量研究显示PUFA的消耗能够降低退行性疾病、癌症、心血管病症、抑郁症和多种炎性疾病的风险。提取自鱼油的PUFA的一个问题是存在氧时它们容易被降解,产生异味(off-flavor)和酸败气味(rancid smell)。为了稳定它们,可以使用多种化学防腐剂。然而,具有健康方面的考量的消费者倾向于优选全天然的成分用于他们的食物。
牛至提取物之前已被用作抗氧化防腐剂。Economou et al 1991 J.Am Oil Chem Soc 68(2):109-113发现:对保存猪油而言,牛至的甲醇提取物比其它草本提取物(herbal extract)更好。Kulisic et al 2004 Food Chemistry 85:633-640发现牛至提取物是不如抗坏血酸有效但是与α-生育酚和合成抗氧化剂丁基化的羟基甲苯(BHT)相当的抗氧化剂。还见Sahin et al 2004 Food Control 15:549-557,其中测试了牛至的水蒸馏精油(其具有石竹烯和匙叶桉油烯醇(spathulenol)、大牻牛儿烯(germacrene)-D和α-松油醇作为其主要组分)以及甲醇提取物。二者均具有抗微生物活性并且是抗氧化剂。Botsoglou et al 2002 Meat Science 62:259-265发现对鸡饲喂38天包含100mg牛至精油/kg饲料的膳食时,生肉和经烹饪的肉中的脂质氧化更少,尽管用α-生育酚乙酸酯的膳食补充剂获得了更好的结果。
已研究了牛至提取物特定地使PUFA防腐的用途,结果各有不同。例如,Bhale et al 2007 J.Food Sci.72(9):C504-508比较了牛至的甲醇提取物与迷迭香提取物抑制氧化的能力。发现牛至提取物优于迷迭香提取物,但是仅在高温和较高的浓度(5%左右)下如此。在较低的温度和较低的浓度下,迷迭香提取物更好。在该文献中测试的PUFA来自鲱鱼油(menhaden oil)。已知鲱鱼油仅含有约30%的ω-3长链不饱和脂肪酸,例如二十碳戊烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。
因为PUFA的EPA含量看起来与其大量健康益处有关,所以期望生产PUFA和植物提取物的下述配制物,其中PUFA和植物提取物二者均是稳定的,并且均以足够具有生物活性的量存在。
发明详述
本发明涉及PUFA和至少一种植物提取物的稳定组合,所述组合显示提高的储存稳定性,其中PUFA和植物提取物的浓度均为至少约8%,前提是所述组合不是牛至提取物和鲱鱼油的组合。
在本发明的一个方面中,所述组合是牛至提取物和PUFA乙酯的混合物,其中两种组分均以高浓度存在,即至少约8%(按重量计)。所述组合显示惊人的稳定性并且具有长的保质期。
本发明还涉及牛至提取物和/或其挥发性组分和多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯的组合(下文中称作“PUFA EE/牛至提取物”)用于制造多种营养药物、膳食补充剂和药物组合物的用途。在优选的实施方案中,PUFA EE/牛至提取物存在于胶囊中。
在优选的实施方案中,组合物中牛至提取物的用量(按重量计)为至少8%,优选地至少15%,并可进一步延至至少25%,或至少50%,而不显示在高浓度常规抗氧化剂中典型地观察到的任何前-氧化作用(pro-oxidative effects)。
附图概述
图1展示了使用加速氧化测试时,不同浓度的牛至提取物中ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油随时间进展的氧化,所述测试基于压强(pressure)下使用氧的氧化。通过压强的降低测定氧的消耗。X-轴是小时数;Y-轴是压强。
图2展示了与和不同浓度的牛至提取物混合时相比,纯净时ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油(0%牛至提取物)的氧化更迅速。
图3展示了显示出蜡质化(waxing)的牛至提取物的小瓶。
与在较高浓度下可显示出前-氧化活性的常规抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸不同,牛至提取物在高浓度下仍保持其抗氧化能力。另外,相信PUFA EE在长时间段中使牛至提取物稳定,从而防止此前观察到的蜡质沉淀。
PUFAs
能够在本发明中使用的PUFA还包括PUFA衍生物,例如酯。其它衍生物包括棕榈酸酯或其它可食用的酯。一种尤其优选的PUFA衍生物是PUFA乙酯(PUFA EE)。本发明还包括PUFA甘油三酯,优选地最少25%的PUFA,更优选地30%的PUFA,尤其是富含EPA的那些。
在本发明中优选地使用的PUFA可来自任何来源,前提是植物提取物中有牛至提取物时,PUFA不来自鲱鱼油。其可包括海洋生物油(marine oil),例如鲔鱼(tuna)、三文鱼、乌贼(krill)、磷虾(krill)(特定地排除鲱鱼油Brevoortia sp.和Ethmidium sp.),但是也可包括长链n-3脂肪酸的其它来源,如天然生产或由经遗传修饰的生物(如植物、细菌、真菌(尤其是酵母)或藻类)生产的那些。
在一些优选的实施方案中,本发明的PUFA含有高量(即至少30%且优选更高)的二十碳五烯酸或其乙酯,二十二碳六烯酸或其乙酯,及其混合物。这类PUFA EE可商业获得,如DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.,Basel Switzerland以商标ROPUFA 75所出售的混合物。可商业获得的PUFA通常含有小量作为抗氧化剂存在的迷迭香提取物。根据本发明已发现:将本发明的植物提取物与PUFA中存在的小量迷迭香提取物组合并无不利作用。
植物提取物及其挥发性组分
本发明中使用的植物提取物可以是任何植物提取物,但是优选的植物提取物是:牛至(oregano),百里香,过江藤(lippia),香蜂叶(lemon balm),黄春菊(chamomile),啤酒花(hops),缬草(valerian),橄榄,甘牛至(majoram),鼠尾草(sage),月桂(laurel),黑孜然(black cumin),kava kava,黑胡椒,茴香,肉桂,人参和姜及其混合物。
在本文中使用时,“提取物”旨在包括大范畴的源自植物的材料。例如,提取物可以是适合食物用途的任何类型的提取物,如水性提取物、蒸汽提取物、植物油、食品中允许的有机溶剂提取物(特别是乙醇提取物、丙二醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和超临界流体二氧化碳(SF CO2)等等)。“提取物”还包括植物活性成分的馏出物、浓缩物和其它混合物。
本发明的一种优选的植物提取物是牛至提取物。已知牛至物种的化学组成变化广泛。见例如Vokou et al 1993Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 21(2):287-295,所述文献描述了在二十三个不同地方生长的O.vulgare ssp.hirtum中精油的变异。由于所述巨大的变异,对本发明而言,提取物的植物学来源不如提取物的化学成分重要。因此,牛至提取物可以来源于属于Origanum属的任何植物(整株植物或其部分),只要其以足够有效的水平含有香芹酚和百里醌(thymoquinone)以及其它挥发性物质即可,如下文详述。
在本发明中优选使用的来自Origanum属的植物的例子是O.vulgare及其亚种和/或O.minutifiorum。可以使用的其它物种为:O.majorana,O.dictamus,O.creticum,O.x majoricum,O.aureum,O.compactus,O.syriaca,O.tytthantum,O.heracleoticum,O.smyrnaeum,O.virens和O.hirtum。
含有高比例的至少一种其挥发性组分的提取物是优选的。更优选的是以提取物总重为基础含有至少总计65重量%的如上文所述的挥发性组分的牛至提取物。可以用至少一种特定的挥发性组分来强化完全天然的提取物。
本发明上下文中优选的牛至提取物是下述牛至提取物,其中以牛至提取物的重量为基础:
●牛至提取物包含至少30重量%的香芹酚,
●牛至提取物包含至少50重量%的香芹酚,和
●更优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少55重量%的香芹酚。
以0到30重量%范围内的量包含百里醌的牛至提取物也是优选的,以牛至提取物的重量为基础,
●优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少1重量%的百里醌,
●更优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少2重量%的百里醌,
●更优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少4重量%的百里醌,
●最优选地其中牛至提取物包含4到30重量%范围内的百里醌。
其它一些优选的牛至提取物是下述这些,其中,以牛至提取物的重量为基础,牛至提取物包含:
●至少50重量%的香芹酚和0到25重量%的百里醌,
●优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少50重量%的香芹酚和至少1重量%的百里醌;
●更优选地其中牛至提取物包含至少55重量%的香芹酚和至少2重量%的百里醌,或
●其中牛至提取物包含至少55重量%的香芹酚和至少4重量%的百里醌。
优选的牛至提取物通过使用SF CO2提取而获得。此类提取物具有下述优点:它们应不含有任何有机溶剂残余物、无蛋白质且无重金属。如果需要的话,用超临界二氧化碳提取后可进行第二个超临界流体CO2提取步骤,以减少蜡质并选择性富集挥发性物质。
牛至提取物或它们的挥发性组分可以是天然或合成或混合(即部分天然、部分合成的)来源,即活性组分可以通过提取植物并分馏来获得,或者可以化学合成,并且如果需要的话,以任何想要的量与植物提取物混合在一起。它们可以任何想要的纯度或浓度制备和使用,例如作为以低至例如10%(w/w)或更少或高达接近100%(w/w)的浓度含有它们的溶液来制备和使用。
PUFAs
本发明的PUFA优选地含有高浓度的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸衍生物;优选地它们是酯的形式;优选地是二十碳五烯酸乙酯(EPA EE)和二十二碳六烯酸乙酯(DHA EE)的形式。在一些优选的实施方案中,PUFA以至少约60重量%存在于制备物中,更优选地以至少约70重量%的浓度,最优选地以至少约75重量%的量存在。PUFA制备物可根据需要含有其它载体油。
PUFA EE组合物极易氧化,并且通常在提供时用抗氧化剂如生育酚、柠檬酸、迷迭香提取物等等处理。这些组分也可存在于本发明的混合物中。存在或不存在这些其它抗氧化剂时均观察到牛至提取物使PUFA(尤其是EPA)稳定的能力。
已惊讶地发现,牛至提取物可特异性地使EPA EE稳定。这是意义重大的,因为PUFA的许多健康益处来自于EPA(或其衍生物EPA EE)的存在。因此,在本发明的优选的实施方案中,与其它PUFA如DHA(或DHA EE)相比,EPA或衍生物如EPA EE占到PUFA混合物的更高百分比。
组合
在本发明的优选的实施方案中,牛至提取物和PUFA EE以8∶92到92∶8的比例(以重量%计)存在。在一些更优选的实施方案中,牛至的比例至少为混合物的8%,优选地至少约25%,并可为至少约50%。这些比例提供了本发明的两个方面:具有稳定性,未观察到任何前-氧化效应,第二,PUFA EE和牛至提取物均以足够高的浓度存在,使得二者均对消耗混合物的人施加生物活性效应。
一些抗氧化剂(如维生素E)大量存在时可能变成前-氧化剂(pro-oxidants)。见例如Setiadi et al 2003 Theochem 620(2-3):93-106。
本发明的组合物优选地是胶囊的形式。胶囊可以是软凝胶胶囊或密封的硬壳胶囊。胶囊可含有PUFA EE/牛至提取物组合。胶囊自身可以通过任何常规方法制造,并且通常含有例如(鱼、猪、禽、牛)明胶的基质,基于纤维素性原材料(例如羟丙基甲基纤维素)的植物基质,或淀粉或源自淀粉的材料。
除了PUFA EE/牛至提取物以外,根据本发明的胶囊可还含有常用的药物/营养药物添加剂和佐剂、赋形剂或稀释剂,这包括但不限于任何来源的明胶、植物胶质、硫酸木质素、滑石、糖、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、植物油、聚亚烷基二醇、调味剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、润滑剂、着色剂、湿润剂、填料等等。通常胶囊会含有油,从而将填充体积调节至胶囊大小,并可含有赋形剂以提高粘度,因为PUFA EE倾向于具有相当低的粘度。如果存在粘度提高剂,则其可选自任何已知的粘度提高剂,如蜂蜡、矿物蜡、基于植物的蜡质、胶体二氧化硅或卵磷脂。
典型地,牛至提取物对人有益的每日剂量是从约10mg到300mg。这可以以单一剂量中服用,或者由于牛至提取物的药物代谢动力学,可建议每天若干次地摄入部分剂量。因此对每天服用两次胶囊的人而言,在每次给剂量时间递送的牛至的总量应当在约5mg到约200mg的范围内。如果每天要消耗总计六粒胶囊(每天两次,每次3粒胶囊),则每粒胶囊应当含有约1.5到50mg牛至。基于此,本领域常规技术人员能够类似地确定对每天消耗4、2或单个胶囊而言合适的量。优选地,剂量应当是30、60、120或180mg,或占剂量重量的~3.5%、7%、13%或19%。
对PUFA而言,每粒胶囊的量应当在约50-1000mg的范围内,争取每天摄入至少约1000到6000mg/天的总甘油三酯(包括非胶囊的膳食来源)。对高n-3PUFA EE配制物而言,对等同量而言(即比天然存在的具有更高的甘油三酯浓度),所述用量可以相应地下调,并且可以减小胶囊的大小/数量。浓缩配制物的一个额外的优点是它们更容易被消化,并且具有更少的鱼样余味。
本发明的一种优选的胶囊应当含有约60mg牛至提取物和约750mgPUFA EE。所述混合物按重量计占到总胶囊内容物的约50-60%之间。剩余的约50-40%可包含其它赋形剂和填料,包括一种或多种粘度调节剂,例如甘油、二氧化硅、卵磷脂或(多种)蜡质。
实施例
实施例1
材料的制备
牛至提取物
用天然二氧化碳通过超临界流体提取,提取Origanum vulgare或O.minutiflorum的干燥叶和花。提取物得自Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH。
提取物是具有特征性气味的深红棕色液体。使用GC/MS系统和100%峰面积方法,通过Flavex分析使用的提取物(RV0141-73),其含有85.3%精油。
主要成分为:79.9%峰面积的酚香芹酚,和6.44%峰面积的百里醌。存在的其它化合物是2.4%峰面积的百里香素(cymene),2.8%峰面积的芳樟醇,2.3%峰面积的龙脑,1.9%峰面积的石竹烯和小量柠檬烯、4-松油醇和百里酚(thymol)。
ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油(UT07050003)是黄色油状液体,并且由DSM Nutritional Products GmbH生产。其以乙酯的形式含有至少75%的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),主要是二十碳五烯酸(EPA EE)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA EE)。其用抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、生育酚、柠檬酸处理及稳定化过,并含有迷迭香提取物(约1000ppm)。
实施例2
氧化稳定性
使用Oxipres装置,在加速氧化测试中测量脂质溶液样品对氧化的相对稳定性。初始条件设置为高达70℃和5-6bars。ML OXIPRESTM(Mikrolab Aarhus A/S,丹麦)装置是基于在压强下用氧氧化的炸弹方法(bomb method)的改良。见Gearhart 1957 J.Amer.Oil Chem.Soc 34:427and Stuckey et al J.Amer.Oil Chem.Soc.35:581和Blankenship et al 1973 J.Amer.Oil Chem.Soc.50:377-318。在提高的压强下加速测试。通过实验期间炸弹中压强的降低测定氧的消耗。
第一次实验用五种溶液样品进行:空白,与不同浓度(0%、8%、25%和100%)的牛至提取物混合的ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油。实验期间不进行特定的定量分析。
第二次实验使用六种溶液样品进行:与不同浓度(0%、4%、8%、25%、50%和100%)的牛至提取物混合的ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油。对该实验而言,在T0和T最终,对每种样品进行进一步的定量和定性分析:对百里醌、香芹酚、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、生育酚(α-、γ-和δ-)和PUFA(作为甲酯)定量。
结果
图1展示了纯ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油(0%牛至提取物)的氧化比不同牛至提取物浓度(8%和25%)下的混合溶液样品更快。约65个小时后,牛至提取物的氧化抑制能力随着牛至浓度的提高而显著提高。与空白样品相比纯牛至提取物(100%)的曲线不显著降低,因此证明纯牛至提取物是稳定的。
与第一次实验一致,图2展示了纯ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油(0%牛至提取物)的氧化比不同牛至提取物浓度(4%,8%,25%和50%)下的混合溶液样品更快。约70个小时后,牛至提取物的氧化抑制能力随着牛至提取物浓度的提高而显著提高。纯牛至提取物(100%)的曲线不显著降低,证明纯牛至提取物是稳定的。
实施例3
PUFA分析
通过将驻留时间(retention times)与可信参照标准进行比较,进行EPA、DHA和DPA的鉴定。通过应用使用二十三酸甲酯的内标校准,进行定量。
在下表1中展示了Oxipres实验之前和之后的溶液样品的结果。在oxipres实验之前针对分析的每种溶液样品测定的EPA EE、DHA EE、DPAEE和总PUFA的浓度(C初始)被用作参照值,来评价Oxipres实验后PUFA化合物的稳定性。针对每种溶液样品,从Oxipres实验后的结果(C最终)计算了剩余的PUFA比参照值的百分比(表述为%准确度=C最终/C初始*100),以观察PUFA的稳定性。
表1对与不同浓度的牛至提取物混合的PUFA-ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油的分析。分析过程的%精确度表述了观察值(C最终)与接受的参照值(C初始)之间一致性接近程度(closeness of agreement)。
在上表中,“EPA”指EPA EE;“DHA”指DHA EE;“DPA”指DPA EE。
牛至提取物展示出延迟总PUFA氧化的显著能力。在纯ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油样品中,总PUFA降至初始浓度的43.5%。在不同溶液样品中,使用递增的牛至提取物浓度(4%、8%、25%和50%)时,牛至提取物的氧化抑制能力将总PUFA的稳定性分别显著提高了初始值的45.8%、51.1%、51.4%和52.9%。
纯ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油中剩余的EPA EE、DHA EE和DPA EE分别降低至初始浓度的41,6%、41.4%和65.6%。EPA EE(329mg/g)是ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油的主要组分。在不同溶液样品中,使用递增的牛至提取物浓度(4%、8%、25%和50%)时,EPA EE具有分别比初始值提高了46.7%、53.5%、53.4%和55.2%的更高的增加的稳定性。
在纯ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油中DHA EE(210mg/g)是第二主要组分。在不同溶液样品中,使用递增的牛至提取物浓度(4%、8%、25%和50%)时,DHA EE具有分别为初始值的43.6%、47.1%、47.8%和49.0%的稳定性的高度提高。
DPA EE(47.7mg/g)是ROPUFA‘75’n-3EE油的较少组分之一。在不同溶液样品中,使用递增的牛至提取物浓度(4%、8%、25%和50%)时,DHA EE也显示分别为初始值的43.6%、47.1%、47.8%和49.0%的增加的牛至提取物氧化抑制能力。
实施例4
软凝胶胶囊
根据普遍已知的技术,制备大小为16号(体积=0.985)的长方形(oblong)软明胶胶囊,其含有以下组成:
成分 | 每粒胶囊的用量 |
牛至提取物 | 180mg |
PUFA EE | 750mg |
SiO2,胶质状 | 30mg |
棕榈油 | 50mg |
也可以使用30、60或120mg牛至提取物制造与上述相似的胶囊。优选地,这些胶囊每天服用一次或两次。
Claims (12)
1.包含植物提取物和多不饱合脂肪酸(PUFA)或PUFA的衍生物的稳定组合物,其中所述植物提取物以按重量计至少8%的量存在;并且前提是当所述PUFA为鲱鱼油(Menhaden oil)时,所述植物提取物不是牛至(oregano)。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述植物提取物是牛至提取物。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述PUFA是PUFA乙酯。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述植物提取物选自由以下组成的组:牛至,百里香,过江藤,香蜂叶,黄春菊,啤酒花,缬草,橄榄,甘牛至,鼠尾草,月桂,黑孜然,kava kava,黑胡椒,茴香,肉桂,人参,姜及其混合物。
5.包含牛至提取物和多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯的混合物(PUFA EE/牛至提取物)的组合物。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中所述牛至提取物是通过在超临界条件下用液体二氧化碳提取从Origanum属的植物获得的。
7.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中所述PUFA EE/牛至提取物得自Origanum vulgare和/或Origanum minutiflorum。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项的组合物,其中所述牛至提取物含有高比例的至少一种挥发性组分。
9.根据权利要求8的组合物,其中所述挥发性组分包括香芹酚、百里酚、百里醌和百里氢醌。
10.根据权利要求1的组合物,其为胶囊。
11.根据权利要求10的胶囊,所述胶囊含有至少约3.5%的牛至提取物。
12.包含根据权利要求1的组合物的食物。
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- 2009-06-10 PL PL09761742T patent/PL2285242T3/pl unknown
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- 2009-06-10 WO PCT/EP2009/057189 patent/WO2009150179A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-06-10 JP JP2011512974A patent/JP5629947B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-10 EP EP09761742.7A patent/EP2285242B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-06-10 US US12/997,045 patent/US20110189315A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-06-10 CN CN2009801311081A patent/CN102118981A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-10 KR KR1020117000550A patent/KR20110044968A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2014
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104394889A (zh) * | 2012-07-02 | 2015-03-04 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 含有百里醌的胶囊 |
CN112867486A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-05-28 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 表现出增强的氧化稳定性的组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20110044968A (ko) | 2011-05-03 |
JP5629947B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
PL2285242T3 (pl) | 2013-09-30 |
JP2014237680A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
JP2011523856A (ja) | 2011-08-25 |
EP2285242A2 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
WO2009150179A2 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
WO2009150179A3 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
ES2420979T3 (es) | 2013-08-28 |
EP2285242B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
US20110189315A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
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