CN102112981A - 通信网络中的虚拟机的动态分布 - Google Patents
通信网络中的虚拟机的动态分布 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在一个实施例中,一种方法总地包括:监视与包括多个虚拟机中的至少一个虚拟机的第一网络设备相关联的网络流量;确定参数是否超过了第一网络设备处的预定阈值。如果该参数超过了该预定阈值,则选择将虚拟机之一转移到第二网络设备,并且转移该虚拟机,其中第二网络设备是基于网络信息选择的。还公开了一种用于资源分配的装置。
Description
技术领域
本公开总地涉及通信网络,更具体地涉及在通信网络中通过虚拟机的动态分布进行资源分配。
背景技术
数据中心通常只使用可用CPU、存储装置和存储器容量的很小比例。这使得比执行特定量的工作所必需的服务器更多的服务器被部署。额外的服务器增加了成本,并且造成了很难管理的更加复杂且完全不同的环境。很多数据中心管理器正转向虚拟化,以在网络上共享资源。
虚拟化是一种通过在多个系统中间共享单个计算机的资源来使一个计算机完成多个计算机的工作的技术。通过使用虚拟化,多个操作系统和应用可以同时在相同的计算机上运行,从而增加了硬件的利用率和灵活性。虚拟化使得服务器可以与下层硬件相隔离,从而使得多个虚拟服务器可以共享相同的物理服务器硬件。这还使得虚拟服务器可以被从一个物理服务器转移到另一个物理服务器,同时维持连续的服务可用性。
附图说明
图1示出了能够实现本文中描述的实施例的网络的示例。
图2是被配置为监视网络流量并分配资源的节点的框图。
图3是示出用于分配资源的处理的流程图。
图4是示出虚拟机之间的带宽利用率的流量矩阵的示例。
图5是列出从有资格的服务器到远端虚拟机的路径开销的表格。
图6是列出基于虚拟机之间的带宽利用率的加权后的路径开销的表格。
图7示出了在实现本文中描述的实施例的过程中有用的网络设备的示例。
相应的参考标号贯穿若干附图指示相应的部分。
具体实施方式
综述
在一个实施例中,一种方法总地包括:监视与包括多个虚拟机中的至少一个虚拟机的第一网络设备相关联的网络流量,并且确定参数是否超过了第一网络设备处的预定阈值。如果该参数超过了预定阈值,则所述虚拟机之一被选择以转移到第二网络设备,并且该虚拟机被转移,其中第二网络设备是基于网络信息选择的。
在另一个实施例中,一种装置总地包括:监视器,被配置用于监视与位于该装置处的虚拟机相关联的网络流量;控制器,被配置用于确定一个或多个网络参数是否超过了预定阈值,并且在网络参数超过预定阈值的情况下选择虚拟机中要转移到网络设备的一个虚拟机,并将所选择的虚拟机转移到网络设备,其中该网络设备是基于网络信息选择的。该装置还包括用于存储网络信息的存储器。
示例实施例
呈现了以下描述,以使本领域技术人员能够作出并使用本发明。具体实施例和应用的描述仅被作为示例提供,并且各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。本文中描述的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的范围的条件下被应用于其他实施例和应用。所以,本发明不限于所示出的实施例,而是依照与本文中描述的原理和特征相一致的最宽范围。为了清楚,没有详细描述涉及在与本发明有关的技术领域中公知的技术材料的细节。
虚拟化通过在多个系统之间共享单个计算机的资源而使一个计算机能够完成多个计算机的工作。软件被用来对计算机的硬件资源(例如,包括CPU、RAM、硬盘、以及网络控制器)进行虚拟化,以创建可以运行其自己的操作系统和应用的虚拟机。多个虚拟机在不相互干扰的条件下共享硬件资源,使得若干操作系统和应用可以同时在单个计算机上运行。虚拟机可以被用在例如虚拟架构中,以动态地将物理资源映射到商业需求。从而,虚拟化使多个服务器、贮存架构、以及网络可以汇聚为可以根据需要被动态地传递给各应用的共享资源中。
虚拟化系统中的应用性能取决于包括CPU可用性、存储器可用性、网络带宽可用性、以及网络等待时间(latency)在内的多个因素。在数据中心中,流量模式(traffic pattern)高度依赖于所部署的应用。在校园中,流量模式大多是从校园中的客户端到数据中心的服务器或者到存在于一般互联网上的服务器的。在数据中心中,大量流量处于数据中心中的服务器之间,诸如,前端应用与后端应用通信。等待时间取决于设备的基本等待时间、两个通信节点之间的链路、以及这些节点之间的网络拥塞。应用在数据中心中的布局将会影响应用性能。在传统虚拟系统中的应用网络布局中考虑的因素局限于CPU和存储器可用性。然而,和与给定节点通信的其他节点有关的网络位置也是在数据中心中布置应用时需要考虑的重要因素。因此,确定应用在网络中的最优布局比简单地检查CPU和存储器利用率要复杂得多。
本文中描述的实施例利用虚拟机的联网要求来动态地在物理设备之间分布虚拟机。虚拟机在网络中的布局可以通过考虑应用流量模式、网络拓扑、等待时间、带宽要求、或者它们的任意组合来优化。如下面将要描述的,分布式或者集中式的资源调度可以被用来自动进行初始的虚拟机布局,并被用来基于当前的工作负荷来不断优化虚拟机的布局。
现在参考附图,首先参考图1,示出了可以实现本文中描述的实施例的网络10的示例。为了简单,只示出了少量节点。该系统在包括多个网络元件的数据通信网络的背景中进行操作。采用该系统的网络中的一些元件可以是诸如服务器、交换机、或者路由器之类的网络设备。网络设备可以包括例如,主中央处理单元(CPU)、接口、以及总线。CPU优选地包括存储器和处理器。网络设备可以被实现在诸如下面参考图7描述的通用网络机器上。
图1中所示的网络10包括通过链路24互连的数个交换机12、14、16、18、20、22。交换机(例如,边缘接入交换机)16、18、20、22分别连接至一个或多个服务器26、28、30。在图1中所示的示例中,交换机16连接至服务器26和28,交换机18连接至服务器26和28,交换机20连接至服务器30,并且交换机22连接至服务器30。这些交换机还可以与管理站32(例如,VMware虚拟中心管理站或者其他虚拟化管理平台)通信。
每个服务器26、28、30包括虚拟交换机34和一个或多个虚拟机36。在图1中所示的示例中,服务器26包括虚拟机(VM)A和VM B,服务器28包括VM C和VM D,并且服务器30包括VM E。如下面描述的,每个虚拟机可以被从一个服务器转移到另一个服务器。虚拟机36经由虚拟网络接口卡(NIC)与虚拟交换机34通信,并且虚拟交换机34经由以太网接口(物理网络接口卡)与交换机通信。虚拟交换机34切换在虚拟机和物理网络接口卡之间的流量。在一个实施例中,虚拟机34被配置为在管理程序(hypervisor)环境中进行操作。位于相同的服务器中的虚拟机36(例如,图1中的VM A和VM B)还可以经由虚拟交换机34直接与彼此通信。
应该明白,图1中所示的简化网络只是一个示例,并且本文中描述的实施例可以用在具有不同配置和类型的网络设备的网络中。
图2是示出根据本文中描述的实施例的被配置用于分配资源的装置38的示例的框图。装置38可以是交换机12、14、16、18、20、22,服务器26、28、30(或者服务器处的虚拟交换机34)、管理站32、或者其他网络设备中的一者。如下面详细描述的,计算和判决可以在单个网络设备处做出,也可以在多个网络设备上执行。图2中所示的网络设备38包括处理器40和存储器42,诸如下面参考图7所描述的。在一个实施例中,存储器42包括以下所述的物理服务器信息库(PSIB)43。网络设备38还包括用于监视网络流量的监视器44、用于通过网络广告服务器资源可用性的发送器46、以及被配置用于基于网络信息执行计算并且根据需要转移一个或多个虚拟机的虚拟化控制器48。应该理解,图2中所示的元件可以位于单个网络设备上,或者这些元件可以分布在两个或者两个以上网络设备上。如果操作集中在单个设备(例如,管理站32)处,则可以去除发送器46。
图3是示出用于资源分配的处理的一个示例的流程图。在步骤50处,流量交互被监视。与包括一个或多个虚拟机的第一网络设备相关联的网络流量在位于网络设备(服务器)26、28、30处的虚拟机34处、与该服务器通信的交换机16、18、20、22之一处、或者另一个网络设备处被监视。例如,管理站32可以通过从边缘交换机或服务器接收流量信息来监视流量交互。在一个实施例中,监视被利用边缘接入交换机来执行以监视来自本地边缘交换机的虚拟机的流量。边缘接入交换机追踪所有的MAC地址、VLAN对(每个本地虚拟机进行通信并且追踪传送的全部带宽的VLAN对)、以及诸如峰值带宽突发(peak bandwidth burst)之类的任何必需的附加信息。这提供了可以使用Netflow技术或一般的流量监测来构建的流量矩阵。
图4是通过在服务器26处监视流量交互而生成的流量矩阵的示例。图4的流量矩阵在第一行中示出了VM A和其他虚拟机(VM B、VM C、VM D、以及VM E)中的每一个之间的带宽利用率。流量矩阵的第二行示出了VM B和其他虚拟机之间的带宽利用率。
在步骤52,物理服务器可用性被监视并广告(图3)。除了监视来自本地虚拟机的流量之外,边缘接入交换机(或者其他网络设备)还可以监视以下各项中的一项或多项:CPU使用情况、CPU特性(CPU类型、卖主等)、存储器、以及其连接到的物理服务器的功率要求。在一个示例中,服务器26具有90%空闲的CPU、1GB空闲的存储器、以及5Mb空闲的带宽。服务器28具有23%空闲的CPU、2GB空闲的存储器、以及85Mb空闲的带宽。服务器30具有90%空闲的CPU、1GB空闲的存储器、以及45Mb空闲的带宽。该信息例如可以被存储在PSIB 43中。
资源可用性信息可以是本地可得的,也可以从远程源检索得到。例如,如果平台不存在于服务器上,则该信息可以通过与API(例如,虚拟中心web服务API)的通信来收集。该信息然后通过物理服务器广告协议(PSAP)被传播给L2域中的所有交换机。在一个实施例中,该协议以类似于在链路状态路由协议中发送的LSA(链路状态广告)的方式广播该信息。由于该信息不用于汇聚网络而用于优化应用布局,所以该广告可以是不频繁的(例如,5分钟间隔)。广播间隔可以由用户配置。在一个实施例中,该信息由数据中心中的每个边缘交换机存储在本地数据库(例如,PSIB 43)中。本地数据库类似于用在路由中的路由信息库(RIB)。该信息还可以被存储在中心位置(例如,管理站32)、服务器26、28、30、或者其他网络设备。
在步骤54,关于虚拟机是否应该被转移的判决被作出(图3)。该判决可以由服务器26、28、30、本地边缘交换机16、18、20、22、管理站32、或者其他设备执行。边缘交换机可以基于对于物理服务器处的CPU、存储器、带宽、或者其他参数、或者参数的组合的受用户影响的阈值来执行计算。例如,如果用于特定服务器的网络带宽超过预定阈值达一时间段,则边缘交换机可以尝试将虚拟机转移到具有更多可用网络带宽的服务器。类似地,如果CPU阈值被超过,则边缘交换机可以将虚拟机转移到具有更多可用CPU计算周期的服务器。如果这个动作由管理站32执行,则参数可以由例如边缘交换机16、18、20、22传送给管理站。
在步骤56,虚拟机被选择,以转移到另一个服务器(图3)。本地边缘交换机、管理站、或者服务器可以基于联网参数输入来选择将要转移的虚拟机。这个判决受到被超过的阈值的影响,从而使得服务器阈值水平被预测为通过移动特定的虚拟机而得以满足。在本示例中,VM B被选择从服务器26(第一网络设备)转移到其他服务器之一(第二网络设备)(图1)。
在做出将虚拟机之一转移到另一个服务器的判决之后,放置该虚拟机的最佳服务器被确定(步骤58)(图3)。边缘交换机(或者其他设备)检查PSIB的本地拷贝,以确定可以满足支持所选择的虚拟机所必需的要求的PSIB子集(有资格的服务器池)。在本示例中,确定可以对VM B进行处理的有资格的服务器池包括服务器28和30(图1)。该子集可以通过用户配置或者通过实现方式被限制到上边界。流量信息数据库也可以被检查,以确定特定的虚拟机与哪个MAC地址以及哪些VLAN对通信。在一个实施例中,用在DCE(数据中心以太网)转发中的IS-IS(中间系统到中间系统)数据库被用来确定给定的MAC地址、VLAN对所驻留的边缘交换机。对虚拟机将被转移到的服务器的选择是基于网络信息(例如,应用流量模式、带宽要求、网络拓扑)的。对于有资格的服务器池中的每个服务器,Dijkstra算法可以被用来计算到MAC、VLAN对所连接的每个边缘交换机的路径开销。在一个实施例中,每个链路的路径开销可经由用在DCE转发中的IS-IS所提供的数据库得到。用在DCE转发中的路径开销一般反映了路径的等待时间。然而,算法也可以考虑等待时间度量。计算可以完全由连接到要求本地VM B的转移的物理服务器26的边缘交换机16执行,或者可以由管理站32、服务器26、或者网络设备的组合(图1)执行。
应该理解,以上所述的IS-IS数据库只是一个示例,并且诸如IETFTRILL(多链接透明互连)之类的其他L2路由数据库也可以被使用。
图5是示出从服务器28和30到VM B的远端通信伙伴(VM A、VMC、VM D、VM E)的路径开销的采样计算的表格。由于VM C和VM D当前位于服务器28处,所以这些虚拟机和服务器28之间没有路径开销。
在一个实施例中,权重被基于带宽利用率而施加于每个路径开销。图6示出了基于VM B和远端通信伙伴之间使用的带宽的对图5的路径开销进行加权后所得的路径开销的表格。每个路径开销被与记录到该MAC地址、VLAN对的带宽相乘(图4和图6)。每个路径开销被乘以记录到该MAC地址、VLAN对的带宽(图4和图6)。加权后的路径开销全部被累加在一起,以得到有资格的服务器池中的特定物理服务器的总开销,其中考虑了应用之间使用的带宽。一旦对于有资格的服务器池中的所有服务器都完成了这项工作,则具有最小总开销的服务器是从网络的角度看放置虚拟机的最佳服务器。如图6中所示,最低的加权后的路径开销在服务器30处。所以,路径开销计算基于网络信息确定了VM B应该移往服务器30。
在步骤60,VM B被从服务器26(第一网络设备)转移到服务器30(第二网络设备)。该转移例如可以使用VMotion技术来执行。虚拟机优选地在保持有效、以及维持连续的服务可用性的同时被移动。虚拟机移动事件可以通过例如与VMware ESX服务器通信来触发,或者可以通过虚拟中心API来触发。该移动可以自动执行,或者可以发出警报来警告用户所推荐的动作。
图7示出了可以被用来实现本文中描述的实施例的网络设备70。网络设备70被配置为实现以上所述的所有网络协议及其扩展。在一个实施例中,网络设备70是可以被实现在硬件、软件、或者它们的任意组合中的可编程机器。逻辑可以被编码在一个或多个有形介质中,以由处理器执行。例如,处理器72可以执行存储在程序存储器74中的代码。程序存储器74是计算机可读介质的一个示例。程序存储器74可以是易失性存储器。存储相同代码的其他形式的计算机可读介质是一种非易失性存储装置,例如软盘、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、硬盘、闪存等。
网络设备70经由多个线卡76与物理媒介交互。线卡76可以结合以太网接口、DSL接口、吉比特以太网接口、10吉比特以太网接口、SONET接口等。当数据包由网络设备70接收、处理并转发时,它们可以被存储在数据包存储器78中。为了实现根据本系统的功能,线卡96可以整体地结合类似于以上联合网络设备所述的处理和存储器资源。应该理解,图7中所示以及如上所述的网络设备70只是一个示例,并且不同配置的网络设备可以被使用。
从以上所述可以看出,本文中描述的实施例提供了很多优点。例如,传统的虚拟机资源调度没有考虑网络资源。通过考虑应用通信流量模式、带宽因素、以及网络拓扑,应用性能可以被提高,带宽可以被降低,并且网络资源可以被优化。本文中所述的实施例通过适当的虚拟机布局优化了可用资源的利用率,从而提供了更高的应用性能,更好的硬件利用率,以及开销降低。
尽管根据所示出的实施例描述了该方法和装置,但是本领域技术人员将很容易明白,在不脱离本发明的范围的条件下可以对这些实施例作出各种改变。因此,希望以上描述中包含的以及附图中示出的所有内容应该被理解为说明性的,而不是限制性的。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于包括多个虚拟机的网络中的资源分配的方法,该方法包括:
监视与包括所述多个虚拟机中的至少一个虚拟机的第一网络设备相关联的网络流量;
确定一个或多个参数是否超过所述第一网络设备处的预定阈值;以及
如果所述一个或多个参数超过了所述预定阈值,则:
选择将所述虚拟机之一转移到第二网络设备,其中所述第二网络设备是基于网络信息选择的,并且
将所选择的虚拟机转移到所述第二网络设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:识别所述网络中的资源可用性。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中选择所述第二网络设备包括基于所述资源可用性选择一组有资格的网络设备。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中识别所述网络中的资源可用性包括监视并广告所述第一网络设备处的服务器可用性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述参数包括所述第一网络设备处的网络参数、以及处理和存储器要求。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中选择所述第二网络设备包括计算尚未被选择的所述多个虚拟机和有资格接收所选择的虚拟机的网络设备之间的路径开销。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括对所述路径开销中的每一个路径开销施加权重,所述权重中的每一个权重都是基于所选择的虚拟机和所述多个虚拟机中的另一个虚拟机之间的网络流量的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中监视与所述第一网络设备相关联的网络流量包括生成包括所述虚拟机之间的带宽利用率的流量矩阵。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定所述参数中的一个或多个参数是否超过预定阈值包括:确定用于位于所述第一网络设备处的所述虚拟机的带宽是否超过所述预定阈值达指定的时间段。
10.一种用于包括多个虚拟机的网络中的资源分配的装置,包括:
监视器,被配置用于监视与所述多个虚拟机中位于所述装置处的一个或多个虚拟机相关联的网络流量;
控制器,被配置用于确定一个或多个参数是否超过预定阈值,并且在所述参数中的所述一个或多个参数超过了所述预定阈值的情况下选择将所述虚拟机之一转移到网络设备,并将所选择的虚拟机转移到所述网络设备,其中所述网络设备是基于网络信息选择的;以及
存储器,用于存储所述网络信息。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,还包括:发送器,被配置用于广告所述装置处的资源可用性。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中所述资源可用性包括可用CPU、存储器、和带宽。
13.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述网络信息包括网络拓扑和带宽要求。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中所述网络信息还包括等待时间。
15.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述控制器被配置为计算尚未被选择的所述多个虚拟机和有资格接收所选择的虚拟机的网络设备之间的路径开销。
16.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述监视器被配置为生成包括所述虚拟机之间的带宽利用率的流量矩阵。
17.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其中确定一个或多个参数是否超过预定阈值包括确定用于位于所述第一网络设备处的所述虚拟机的带宽是否超过所述预定阈值达指定的时间段。
18.一种用于包括多个虚拟机的网络中的资源分配的装置,包括:
用于监视与包括所述多个虚拟机中的至少一个虚拟机的第一网络设备相关联的网络流量的装置;
用于确定一个或多个参数是否超过所述第一网络设备处的预定阈值的装置;以及
用于在所述一个或多个参数超过所述预定阈值的情况下,选择将所述虚拟机之一转移到第二网络设备的装置,所述第二网络设备是基于网络信息选择的,和
用于将所选择的虚拟机转移到所述第二网络设备的装置。
19.根据权利要求18所述的装置,其中用于选择所述第二网络设备的装置包括用于计算尚未被选择的所述多个虚拟机和有资格接收所选择的虚拟机的网络设备之间的路径开销的装置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置,还包括用于对所述路径开销中的每一个路径开销施加权重的装置,所述权重中的每一个权重都是基于所选择的虚拟机和所述多个虚拟机中的另一个虚拟机之间的网络流量的。
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WO2010014189A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
US20100027420A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2335162B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2010014189A8 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
EP2335162A4 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
US8102781B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
EP2335162A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN102112981B (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
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